Готові списки джерел за темами / Silicon Doped Polymers

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Silicon Doped Polymers"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Silicon Doped Polymers"

Švrček, Vladimir. "Nanocrystalline silicon and carbon nanotube nanocomposites prepared by pulsed laser fragmentation." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 11 (January 1, 2008): 2513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880112513.

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This paper outlines the synthesis of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) by nanosecond pulsed laser fragmentation of Si micrograins in liquid solutions, and characterization of the products. We compare micrograin fragmentations in deionized water, and in undoped and phosphorus-doped ethylpolysilicate (C2H5O[SiO(C2H5O)2]n C2H5) based polymers. We show that dissolution and subsequent laser fragmentation of micrograins is more efficient in both polymeric media than in water. In the case of water, micrograin surface wetting by ethanol prior to introduction into water is essential to achieve fragmentation. Prepared nc-Si/polymer nanocomposites display visible photoluminescence (PL) (~430 nm) at room temperature. The phosphorus polymer induces a blue shift of the PL peak. In addition, induced shock waves generated at sufficiently high laser irradiation intensities (>4.3 mJ/pulse) cause carbon nanotube (CNT) cavities to be filled by freshly prepared luminescent nc-Si/polymer nanocomposite.

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Epstein, Arthur J. "Electrically Conducting Polymers: Science and Technology." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 6 (June 1997): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400033583.

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For the past 50 years, conventional insulating-polymer systems have increasingly been used as substitutes for structural materials such as wood, ceramics, and metals because of their high strength, light weight, ease of chemical modification/customization, and processability at low temperatures. In 1977 the first intrinsic electrically conducting organic polymer—doped polyacetylene—was reported, spurring interest in “conducting polymers.” Intrinsically conducting polymers are completely different from conducting polymers that are merely a physical mixture of a nonconductive polymer with a conducting material such as metal or carbon powder. Although initially these intrinsically conducting polymers were neither processable nor air-stable, new generations of these materials now are processable into powders, films, and fibers from a wide variety of solvents, and also are airstable. Some forms of these intrinsically conducting polymers can be blended into traditional polymers to form electrically conductive blends. The electrical conductivities of the intrinsically conductingpolymer systems now range from those typical of insulators (<10−10 S/cm (10−10 Ω−1 cm1)) to those typical of semiconductors such as silicon (~10 5 S/cm) to those greater than 10+4 S/cm (nearly that of a good metal such as copper, 5 × 105 S/cm). Applications of these polymers, especially polyanilines, have begun to emerge. These include coatings and blends for electrostatic dissipation and electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding, electromagnetic-radiation absorbers for welding (joining) of plastics, conductive layers for light-emitting polymer devices, and anticorrosion coatings for iron and steel.The common electronic feature of pris tine (undoped) conducting polymers is the π-conjugated system, which is formed by the overlap of carbon pz orbitals and alternating carbon-carbon bond lengths.

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Wu, Yu, Xiaodong Wang, Lin Liu, Ze Zhang, and Jun Shen. "Alumina-Doped Silica Aerogels for High-Temperature Thermal Insulation." Gels 7, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7030122.

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In this study, we used two methods to prepare alumina-doped silica aerogels with the aim of increasing the thermal stability of silica aerogels. The first method was physical doping of α-Al2O3 nano powders, and the second method was to create a chemical compound via the co-precursor of TEOS and AlCl3·6H2O in different proportions. The shrinkage, chemical composition, and specific surface area (SSA) of samples after heating at different temperatures were analyzed. Our results show that the silicon hydroxyl groups of samples derived from AlCl3·6H2O gradually decreased and nearly disappeared after heating at 800 °C, which indicates the complete dehydration of the silicon hydroxyl. Thus, the samples exhibited a large linear shrinkage and decreased SSA after high-temperature heat treatment. By contrast, samples doped with α-Al2O3 powders retained abundant silicon hydroxyl groups, and the 6.1 wt.% α-Al2O3-doped sample exhibited the lowest linear shrinkage of 11% and the highest SSA of 1056 m2/g after heat treatment at 800 °C. The alumina-doped silica aerogels prepared using a simple and low-price synthesized method pave the way for the low-cost and large-scale production of high-temperature thermal insulation.

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Wong, Terence K. S., and Keyi Pei. "Double Heterojunction Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: From Doped Silicon to Dopant-Free Passivating Contacts." Photonics 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9070477.

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Carrier-selective passivating contacts for effective electron and hole extraction are crucial to the attainment of high efficiency in crystalline silicon (Si) solar cells. In this comprehensive review, the principle of carrier extraction and recombination mechanisms in conventional industrial Si solar cells are discussed first. Passivating contacts based on (i) amorphous hydrogenated Si and (ii) polysilicon/silicon oxide are next reviewed, with emphasis on carrier selectivity mechanisms including contact layer band alignment with silicon, and localized carrier transport in ultrathin oxides. More recent developments in dopant-free passivating contacts deposited by lower-cost fabrication processes with lower thermal budget are then described. This third category of non-Si based electron- and hole-selective passivating contacts include transition metal oxides, alkali/alkali earth metal fluorides and organic conjugated polymers. The photovoltaic performance of asymmetric double heterojunction Si solar cells fabricated using these non-Si passivating contacts and their stability in damp heat conditions are discussed and compared with Si based passivating contacts.

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Kim, Yong-il, Hyunsook Kim, and Haiwon Lee. "Effect of Solvent and Dopant on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Films by Atomic Force Microscope Lithography." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 4757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic06.

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AMF anodization lithography was performed on organic thin films with conducting polymers which is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The conductivity of PEDOT thin films was changed by different dopants and organic solvents. Two different dopants are poly(4-styrenesulfonate) and di(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate. Also, DMF and IPA were used to prepare the PEDOT thin films doped with PSS and DEHS on silicon surface. The conductivities of these PEDOT variants were compared by obtaining their I–V curves between tip and thin films using AFM. Silicon oxide nanopatterns with higher aspect ratios can be obtained from the films with higher conductivity.

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Ressler, Antonia, Leonard Bauer, Teodora Prebeg, Maja Ledinski, Irina Hussainova, Inga Urlić, Marica Ivanković, and Hrvoje Ivanković. "PCL/Si-Doped Multi-Phase Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds Derived from Cuttlefish Bone." Materials 15, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 3348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093348.

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Increasing attention is focused on developing biomaterials as temporary scaffolds that provide a specific environment and microstructure for bone tissue regeneration. The aim of the present work was to synthesize silicon-doped biomimetic multi-phase composite scaffolds based on bioactive inorganic phases and biocompatible polymers (poly(ε-caprolactone), PCL) using simple and inexpensive methods. Porous multi-phase composite scaffolds from cuttlefish bone were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and were further impregnated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane 1–4 times, heat-treated (1000 °C) and coated with PCL. The effect of silicon doping and the PCL coating on the microstructure and mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds has been investigated. Multi-phase scaffolds based on calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite, α-tricalcium phosphate, β-tricalcium phosphate) and calcium silicate (wollastonite, larnite, dicalcium silicate) phases were obtained. Elemental mapping revealed homogeneously dispersed silicon throughout the scaffolds, whereas silicon doping increased bovine serum albumin protein adsorption. The highly porous structure of cuttlefish bone was preserved with a composite scaffold porosity of ~78%. A compressive strength of ~1.4 MPa makes the obtained composite scaffolds appropriate for non-load-bearing applications. Cytocompatibility assessment by an MTT assay of human mesenchymal stem cells revealed the non-cytotoxicity of the obtained scaffolds.

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Kim, Jong Seok, Yeong Min Park, Jeong Wan Kim, Kelimu Tulugan, and Tae Gyu Kim. "Characteristics of deposited boron doping diamond on tungsten carbide insert by MPECVD." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2015): 1540048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400485.

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Diamond-coated cutting tools are used primarily for machining non-ferrous materials such as aluminum–silicon alloys, copper alloys, fiber-reinforced polymers, green ceramics and graphite. Because the tool life of cemented carbide cutting tool is greatly improved by diamond coating, and typically more than 10 times of the tool life is obtained. However, research of boron-doped diamond (BDD) coating tool has not been fully researched yet. In this study, we have succeeded to make boron-doped microcrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond-coated Co -cemented tungsten carbide (WC– Co ) inserts. Microcrystalline BDD thin film is deposited on WC– Co insert by using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the as-deposited diamond films.1,2

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Greulich-Weber, Siegmund, M. Zöller, and B. Friedel. "Textile Solar Cells Based on SiC Microwires." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.239.

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The solar cell concept presented here is based on 3C-SiC nano- or microwires and conju¬gated polymers. Therefore the silicon carbide wires are fabricated by a sol-gel route including a car-bothermal reduction step, allowing growth with predetermined uniform diameters between 0.1 and 2μm and lengths up to several centimetres. The design of our photovoltaic device is therein based on a p-i-n structure, well known e.g. from silicon photovoltaics, involving an intrinsic semiconduc¬tor as the central photoactive layer, sandwiched between two complementary doped wide-bandgap semiconductors giving the driving force for charge separation. In our case the 3C-SiC microwires act as the electron acceptor and simultaneously as carrier material for all involved components of the photovoltaic element.

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Liu, Zhigao, Jinchi Xu, Si Cheng, Zhiyong Qin, and Yunlin Fu. "Photocatalytic Performance and Kinetic Studies of a Wood Surface Loaded with Bi2O3-Doped Silicon–Titanium Composite Film." Polymers 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010025.

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In this paper, a surface self-cleaning wood was obtained by loading Bi2O3-doped silica–titanium composite film on the surface of wood by the sol–gel method. The effects of different Bi doping amounts on the structure and photocatalytic properties of the modified wood were investigated. The doping of Bi2O3 inhibited the growth of TiO2 crystals and the phase transition from anatase to rutile. In addition, Bi2O3 could improve the photocatalytic activity of the composite film by appropriately reducing the grain size of TiO2 and increasing the crystallinity of TiO2. Furthermore, doping with Bi2O3 shifted the absorption wavelength of the wood samples back into the visible range, indicating that the increase in Bi content favoured light absorption. The wood samples loaded with Bi2O3-doped Si–Ti composite membranes had the best photocatalytic activity and the highest reaction rate when n (Ti):n (Bi) = 1:0.015. Degradation rates of 96.0% and 94.0% could be achieved for rhodamine B and gaseous formaldehyde, respectively. It can be seen that wood samples loaded with Bi2O3-doped Si–Ti composite films on the surface exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity against both gaseous and liquid pollutants.

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Tsai, Pei-Ting, Ming-Chin Li, Yi-Chun Lai, Wei-Hsuan Tseng, Chih-I. Wu, Si-Han Chen, Yi-Cheng Lin, et al. "Solution p-doped fluorescent polymers for enhanced charge transport of hybrid organic-silicon nanowire photovoltaics." Organic Electronics 34 (July 2016): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2016.04.005.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Silicon Doped Polymers"

Sudheer, Kumar R. V. "Solid State NMR- Development of Methods and Applications to the Study of Materials." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4116.

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In this chapter the application of solid state NMR techniques for the investigation of biodegradable polymers which have wide range of applications in various fields have been presented. Among many polymer systems poly L-lactic acid popularly known as PLLA is a biodegradable polymer and has many commercial applications. The utility of this type of polymers in the nature is increased by adding several fillers such as nano tubes, graphite oxide, clay etc to increase its thermal and mechanical properties for long usage. Of these many fillers, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane popularly known as POSS is a well suited composite because of its inherent organic-inorganic frame work. The crystalline and amorphous natures and information of molecular dynamics of these polymers are evident from several 1D experiments. 2D experiments such as HETCOR and R-PDLF techniques provide the information of heteronuclear correlation and distances of proton-silicon nuclei respectively in the PLLA-POSS polymer compound. Hence the structural information can be understood by utilizing these experimental approaches in the polymer systems

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Rath, Durga Prasad. "Phase Evolution in Doped Polymer Derived Silicon Oxycarbide Ceramics." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6834/1/PHASE_Rath_2015.pdf.

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Polymer derived ceramics (PDC) is an important class of ceramics that are fabricated from the inert atmosphere pyrolysis of Si- containing precursors. Various Si- based ceramics including silicon oxycarbide (SiCO), silicon carbonitride (SiCN), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon borocarbonitride (SiBCN) etc. can be prepared from various Si- containing precursors. These ceramics are characterized by their high specific strength, oxidation resistance, enhanced creep resistance and other functional properties. One of the most important developments in the ceramic system is the possibility of using these materials as coatings for high temperature structural ceramics. Although oxidation resistance of PDCs are good, they need to be fabricated in the multilayer structures that includes phase stability with various other metal oxides and carbides. The present work focuses on transition metal modified Polymer derived ceramics (PDC). Poly (methyl) silsesquioxane was used as the preceramic polymer in the process. Various transition metal elements having similar atomic size and different valence such as Al and Ti were introduced in the SiCO structure to form modified PDC. The doping amount in the structure is varied to study effect of amount of transition metal doping at the molecular level on phase evolution at different temperatures Phase evolution and thermal behavior of the modified PDCs at different high temperatures are studied.

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Anand, Rahul. "Evolution of Phase and Nanostructure in Early Transition Metal Doped Polymer Derived Silicon Carbonitride Ceramics." Thesis, 2022. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/10430/1/2022_PhD_RAnand_515CR1002_Evolution.pdf.

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Silicon-based polymer derived ceramics like SiC, SiCN, SiBCN poses excellent resistance towards creep and oxidation are future materials for bond coat applications in high temperature resistant environmental barrier coating systems for the protection of C or SiCbased CMC components. SiCN-based amorphous ceramics developed from the pyrolysis of polysilazane precursor, are believed to be ideal for these applications. Additionally, doping of such precursor with metal oxides provides a special advantage of tailoring the phase assemblage, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance. The current work is based on understanding the evolution of phase and nanostructure with the introduction of early transition metals as molecular source in the preceramic polymer. Further, the oxidation behavior of such metal modified SiCN ceramics were studied and compared with undoped SiCN ceramics. In typical experiments, a commercially available polyvinylsilazane polymer was doped with molecular source of metals (M=Ti /Hf /Zr), crosslinked at 300 oC, and pyrolyzed in N2 atmosphere over a temperature range of 900 oC to 1400 oC to synthesize SiTiCNO, SiHfCNO, and SiZrCNO ceramic hybrids, respectively. Also, a parallel synthesis of undoped SiCN samples using polyvinylsilazane with similar crosslinking and pyrolysis conditions was done for benchmarking the different properties of metal doped SiCN ceramic systems. A detail crosslinking mechanism of pure polyvinylsilazane and metal modified precursors was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Further, the thermogravimetric study of all crosslinked precursors was performed to estimate ceramic yields and ceramization temperatures in N2 atmosphere. The pure SiCN ceramics predominantly remained single phase amorphous ceramic up to 1400 oC. Two different nanostructured SiTiCNO ceramics were prepared from isopropoxide or n-butoxide sources of Ti-doping in polyvinylsilazane, which appeared predominantly single phase amorphous up to 1100 oC, but anatase-TiO2 precipitated within the SiCN matrix at 1200 oC. Ti-isopropoxide based SiTiCNO remained thermally stable up to 1300 oC, whereas the Ti-butoxide based SiTiCNO system remained stable up to 1400 oC. An exceptionally homogeneous distribution of predominantly TiO2 nanocrystals, in the size range of 2-14 nm was observed throughout the SiCN matrix. Further, the SiHfCNO ceramic hybrids prepared by pyrolysis of Hf-modified polyvinylsilazane precursor appeared predominantly single phase amorphous ceramic up to 900 oC. However, Hf within the SiCN matrix evolved as nanostructured tetragonal phase of HfO2 in the SiCN ceramic matrix at 1000 °C. Interestingly the t-HfO2 nanocrystals were homogeneously distributed with extremely fine crystallite size (2.3 to 5.3 nm up to 1400 °C) throughout SiCN matrix. Similarly, the SiZrCNO ceramic hybrids appeared predominantly single phase amorphous ceramic up to 1100 oC. However, the Zr within SiCN ceramics, above 1100 oC pyrolysis temperatures, nucleated and later precipitates as nanocrystals of t-ZrO2 within 2-9 nm size range, throughout the ceramic microstructure with exceptional homogeneity. The tetragonal phase of ZrO2 and HfO2 remained stable in the SiCN ceramic matrix, even after pyrolysis at 1400 °C. Additionally, coarsening kinetics of ZrO2 in the SiZrCNO system was studied at 1400 oC using the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner model, which exhibited cubic kinetics indicating diffusion controlled growth. Finally, the oxidation behaviour of the SiCN, SiTiCNO, SiHfCNO, and SiZrCNO ceramic nanocomposites was investigated by constant rate heating method using thermogravimetry analyzer in flowing oxygen. SiCN ceramics pyrolyzed at higher temperature showed less mass loss during oxidation. SiTiCNO prepared through Tiisopropoxide modification of polyvinylsilazane improved oxidation properties of SiCN up to 1400 oC. However, SiTiCNO prepared through Ti-n-butoxide improved oxidation properties of SiCN up to 1500 oC and showed less material recession than pure SiCN and SiTiCNO synthesized through polyvinylsilazane and Ti-isopropoxide precursor source. Hf and Zr incorporation in SiCN further enhanced oxidation resistance of the nanohybrid ceramics. Moreover, the effect of Ti, or Hf, or Zr doping on the free nanocarbon phase evolution within the SiCN matrix before and after oxidation was studied through micro- Raman analysis. It was interesting to note that the Cfree existed even after oxidation in all the systems, which shows robustness of the ceramic systems against oxidation. The work exhibits some unique ceramic hybrid materials with exceptional homogeneity of nanocrystals of an oxide phases distributed within an amorphous matrix. The improved oxidation resistance, and their polymorphic stability could provide significant advantages for achieving thermostructurally stable, tough and chemically robust nanocomposite materials for various high temperature uses including bond coat of TBC/EBC systems

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Tsai, Pei-Chun, and 蔡佩君. "Electro-Optical Properties of Silica Nanoparticle-Doped and Polymer-Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Devices." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69341046475365700381.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
光電科技研究所
101
In this thesis, the electro-optical properties of silica nanoparticle-doped (SN) liquid crystal (LC) and polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PSBPLC) devices are investigated. The addition of monomer expands the existing temperature range and reduces the hysteresis width of the blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC). However, the formed polymer networks decrease the platelet size of the BPLC. The platelet size is independent on the temperature cooling rate, and the response time of the PSBPLC is slightly slow. The addition of SNs also expands the existing temperature range and reduces the hysteresis width of the BPLC. However, the platelet size becomes larger with the slower temperature cooling rate. The platelet size of the SN-doped BPLC is larger than that of the pure BPLC, and the response time of the SN-doped BPLC can be reduced less than 1 ms.

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Brunner, Pierre-Louis Marc. "Dispositifs optoélectroniques à base de semi-conducteurs organiques en couches minces." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16002.

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Частини книг з теми "Silicon Doped Polymers"

"Influence of Polyionenes on Rheology of Phospho-Organic Compounds." In Polymer-Inorganic Nanostructured Composites Based on Amorphous Silica, Layered Silicates, and Polyionenes, 33–56. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9728-6.ch002.

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In this chapter authors present basic principles of process control of sol – gel synthesis of new class of organic-inorganic nanostructured materials on basis of tetraethoxysilane and polyionenes doped by orthophosphoric acid with improved functional properties. The chemical compositions improvement results from complex investigation of morphology, physical and chemical properties. Polyionenes are shown to increase the rate of hydrolytical polycondensation reaction of tetraethoxysilane. Raise of the polyionene molecular weight leads to increasing rate of gel formation process. The polyionenes in silicophosphate sols are stated to prevent crystallization processes occurred in silicophosphate xerogels with silica phosphates and pyrophosphates.

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Nakayama, H., O. Sugihara, and N. Okamoto. "Large Stable Second-Order Coefficients and Waveguide Device Application in Poled Silica Film Doped with Azo Dye." In Poled Polymers and their Applications to SHG and EO Devices, 209–21. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078197-13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Silicon Doped Polymers"

Yuen, S. F., J. Chrostowski, and B. A. Syrett. "Organic polymer phase modulator." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mll5.

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There has been an increasing interest in using organic polymers to implement optical waveguide devices. Organic polymers have low intrinsic losses, and devices built with these materials can easily be fabricated using standard VLSI technology. However, most organic polymers have a glass transition temperature (T g ) of less than 100°C. This affects the long term stability of polymer devices in practical use. This paper reports the characteristics of phase modulators built with polymers having T g > 300°C. The prototype devices are fabricated on silicon substrates. A 4-μm layer of SiO2 bottom cladding is deposited on top of an aluminum ground electrode. The core consists of 5 μm of photosensitive polyimide doped with 2-methyl-4-nitroanaline. The top electrode is separated from the core by a second layer of photosensitive polymer. Channel waveguides are then subsequently defined by poling the core with a static field of the order of 100 V/μm. Both Dupont PI2700 and Probimide 400 series polyimide were used as the polymer host in the core. The polymer NA61 was used in the top cladding layer.

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Guen, Eloise, Pierre-Olivier Chapuis, Petr Klapetek, Robb Puttock, Bruno Hay, Alexandre Allard, Tony Maxwell, et al. "Local Thermophysical Properties Measurements on Polymers using Doped Silicon SThM Probe: Uncertainty Analysis and Interlaboratory Comparison." In 2018 24rd International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/therminic.2018.8593308.

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Bhuyan, S., S. Sundararajan, D. Andjelkovic, and R. Larock. "Micro- and Nano-Tribological Behaviour of Soybean Oil-Based Polymers of Different Crosslinking Densities." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44206.

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Biopolymers produced from renewable and inexpensive natural resources, such as natural oils, have drawn considerable attention over the past decade, due to their low cost, ready availability, environmental compatibility, and their inherent biodegradability. In this study, the micro/nanotribological wear behavior of biopolymers of different crosslinking densities prepared from low saturated soy-bean oil (LSS) by Rh-catalyzed isomerization with divinyl benzene and polystyrene are evaluated and compared. Microtribological measurements were performed using a ball-on-flat reciprocating microtribometer using two different probes — 1.2 mm radius Si3N4 spherical probe and a 100 micron radius conical diamond probe with 90° cone angle. Nanoscale tests were done using a DLC coated antimony (n) doped silicon probe of radius ∼200 nm. Wear volumes were estimated from groove geometry using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and adhesive and abrasive wear coefficients were evaluated for the materials. Elastic modulus and hardness information were evaluated using tensile test and microhardness tests respectively. Correlations between cross-linking density and wear behavior were observed. These results provide some insight into the wear behavior of biorenewable materials.

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Opris, Dorina, Martin Molberg, Christiane Lo¨we, Frank Nu¨esch, Christopher Plummer, and Yves Leterrier. "Improved Materials for Dielectric Elastomer Actuators." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59193.

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Dielectric elastomers are an emerging class of electroactive polymers for electromechanical transduction. A broad application of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) is limited by the high voltage necessary to drive such devices. The development of novel elastomers offering better intrinsic electromechanical properties is one way to solve the problem. Therefore we prepared composites from thermoplastic or thermoset silicone elastomers and organic fillers as phthalocyanines or doped polyaniline (PANI). We studied the mechanical properties of silicones, synthesized, modified and characterized phthalocyanines and doped PANI. The influence of humidity onto the dielectric properties of CuPc(COOH)8 and ZnPc(COOH)8 was analyzed in detail. First measurements of silicone/PANI blends results in a hundredfold increase for the dielectric constant and an electromechanically strain of 8.5%.

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Pun, Chi-Fung Jeff, Ming-Leung Vincent Tse, Julien Bonefacino, and Hwa-Yaw Tam. "Hybrid silica and laser-dye-doped polymer fiber." In Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and their Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/wsof.2013.f2.34.

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Navarro-Urrios, Daniel, Mher Ghulinyan, Paolo Bettotti, Néstor Capuj, Claudio J. Oton, Fernando Lahoz, Inocencio R. Martin, and Lorenzo Pavesi. "Optical gain in dye-doped polymer waveguides using oxidized porous silicon cladding." In Microtechnologies for the New Millennium, edited by Ali Serpengüzel, Gonçal Badenes, and Giancarlo C. Righini. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.721400.

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Garvey, D. W., M. G. Kuzyk, R. Kruhlak, C. W. Dirk, S. Martinez, H. Selnau, P. Craig, and L. Green. "All-Optical Switching in a Single-mode Polymer Optical Fiber." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.mb.2.

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Motivated by the demonstration of all optical switching in a silica glass fiber, we are investigating the use of dye-doped polymer optical fiber as the switching medium. Because of the dye’s larger nonlinear response, devices in the 1 meter length range are possible. Measurements of the intensity dependent phase shift in these fibers are already within an order of magnitude of providing a π phase shift. In this contribution we report on the switching characteristics of a first generation Sagnac switch.

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Liess, Martin, Z. Valy Vardeny, W. Chen, and Thomas J. Barton. "Optical probes of pristine and C 60 -doped silicon-bridged PT polymer: a novel highly luminescent low-bandgap polymer." In Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation '97, edited by Z. Valy Vardeny and Lewis J. Rothberg. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.295535.

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Serna, Samuel, Weiwei Zhang, Yonggan Zhang, Meiling Zhang, Dingshan Gao, Daming Zhang, and Eric Cassan. "Investigation of the slot mode enhancement of erbium-doped polymer silicon on insulator waveguide amplifiers." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by David L. Andrews, Jean-Michel Nunzi, and Andreas Ostendorf. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2051740.

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Lemaire, Paul J., and Turan Erdogan. "Hydrogen-enhanced UV photosensitivity of optical fibers: Mechanisms and reliability." In Photosensitivity and Quadratic Nonlinearity in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.sua.4.

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The use of optical fiber gratings1 has rapidly increased in recent years, due to the invention of the side-writing technique,2 and to the availability of fibers with enhanced photosensitivity. Enhanced photosensitivity has been achieved in various ways, most of which serve to increase the concentration of “native” defects in the fibers.3,4,5,6 More recently the UV photosensitivity of optical fibers has been greatly enhanced by “loading” the fibers with molecular H2 or D2 at high pressure.7 Subsequent exposure of the sensitized fiber to intense UV light at wavelengths less than about 248nm causes the physically dissolved H2 to react with cation dopants resulting in the formation of defects which cause large increases in the refractive index of the glass. This high pressure H2 sensitization technique has been used to great advantage in the UV writing of gratings in optical fibers, and has also been used to sensitize planar waveguides for the UV patterning of waveguide devices,8 and in bulk glasses for demonstration of holographic data storage.9 The UV induced index changes can readily exceed the initial core-to- cladding index difference in GeO2 doped fibers, permitting the UV writing of strong gratings in virtually any GeO2 doped optical fiber. The enhanced photosensitivity is sufficient to allow strong gratings to be written in several minutes using pulsed laser systems (~10-30Hz) at typical irradiances of several 100's mJ/cm2. For instance, in standard single mode fiber (3.5% GeO2) index changes of Δn=5x10-3 can be easily achieved and Δn's of 0.011 have been attained with longer exposures. Recent results have shown that H2 sensitization can also be used to advantage in P2O5 doped waveguides and fibers, either by using 193nm excimer irradiation10 or by using simultaneous heating and UV exposure at 248nm.11 One advantage of using H2 sensitization is that any existing fiber (that is either Ge or P doped) can be sensitized after it has been drawn and coated. Hydrogen molecules readily diffuse through polymer coatings and silica claddings at low temperatures, allowing the loading to be done at temperatures as low as 22-75°C, without degradation of polymer coatings. Figure 1 shows the transmission spectrum for a strong grating written in a standard (3.5% GeO2) single mode fiber that was H2 sensitized with 3.3% H2.

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