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Статті в журналах з теми "Silicon alkoxide"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Kemmitt, Tim, and William Henderson. "A New Route to Silicon Alkoxides from Silica." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 11 (1998): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c98060.

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A novel route to tetraethoxysilane and other silicon alkoxides is described, from amorphous silica (SiO2.nH2O) as the raw material. The reaction of amorphous silica with triethanolamine is enhanced by using an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst, to form a range of triethanolamine-substituted silatrane species. These can undergo alkoxide exchange in acidic alcohols to form alkoxysilatranes, tetraalkoxysilanes, hexaalkoxydisiloxanes and higher siloxanes. Reaction of triethanolamine-substituted silatranes with acetic anhydride produces acetoxysilatrane. Products were identified by multinuclear (1H, 13C and 29Si) magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry or high-resolution gas chromatography electron impact mass spectrometry.

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2

Manocha, L. M., Arpana Basak, S. Manocha, and Ankur Darji. "Morphological Studies on CNT Reinforced SiC/SiOC Composites." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 13, no. 1-2 (December 21, 2010): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj64.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been grown on commercially available silicon carbide (SiC) fabric by the catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) technique. These CNT coated SiC fabrics were used to develop Silicon Carbide–Carbon Nanotube–Silicon oxy Carbide matrix composites (SiC/CNTs/SiOC) by sol gel technique. Silicon oxy Carbide refers to carbon containing silicates wherein oxygen and carbon atoms share bonds with silicon in the amorphous network structure. In this approach, alkyl-substituted silicon alkoxides, which are molecular precursors containing oxygen and carbon functionalities on the silicon, are hydrolyzed and condensed in the presence of sucrose, which provides excess of carbon to bond into the silicon alkoxide network during hydrolysis. A low-temperature (1000 °C) heat-treatment of the gel creates a glassy silicate material whose molecular structure consists of an oxygen/carbon anionic network. The microstructures of these hybrid materials and their composites have been studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Raman spectroscope.

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3

Dirè, Sandra, Evgeny Borovin, Masaki Narisawa, and Gian Domenico Sorarù. "Synthesis and characterization of the first transparent silicon oxycarbide aerogel obtained through H2decarbonization." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 48 (2015): 24405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06669g.

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4

Matsukawa, Hiroaki, Satoshi Yoda, Yasuo Okawa, and Katsuto Otake. "Phase Behavior of a Carbon Dioxide/Methyl Trimethoxy Silane/Polystyrene Ternary System." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020246.

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Recently, polymeric foams filled with a silica aerogel have been developed. The phase behavior of CO2/silicon alkoxide binary systems and CO2/silicon alkoxide/polymer ternary systems is an important factor that affects the design of novel processes. The phase behavior of a carbon dioxide (CO2)/methyl trimethoxy silane (MTMS)/polystyrene (PS) ternary system was measured using a synthetic method involving the observation of the bubble and cloud point. The phase boundaries were measured at temperatures ranging from 313.2 to 393.2 K and CO2 weight fractions between 0.01 and 0.08. The CO2/MTMS/PS system showed a similar CO2 mass fraction dependence of the phase behavior to that observed for the CO2/tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS)/PS system. When the phase boundaries of these systems were compared, the vapor-liquid (VL) and vapor-liquid-liquid (VLL) lines were found to be nearly identical, while the liquid-liquid (LL) lines were different. These results indicate that the affinity between the silicon alkoxide and polymer greatly influences the liquid-liquid phase separation.

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5

Zhang, Ruichao, and Ren Xu. "Chemical Vapor Deposition of Sr1−xBaxNb2O6 Thin Films Using Metal Alkoxide Precursors." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 8 (August 2000): 1702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0245.

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A novel two-step metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process was used in this study to prepare Sr1−xBaxNb2O6 (SBN) thin films. Two thin layers of single-phase SrNb2O6 and BaNb2O6 were deposited alternately on a silicon substrate, and the solid solution of SBN was obtained by high-temperature annealing. The stoichiometry control of the SrNb2O6 and the BaNb2O6 thin films was achieved through deposition process control, according to the evaporation characteristics of double metal alkoxide. The evaporation behavior of double metal alkoxide precursors SrNb2(1-OC4H9)12 and BaNb2(1-OC4H9)12 was studied, and the results were compared with the evaporation of single alkoxide Nb(1-OC4H9)5.

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6

Davis, E. James, and Mark F. Buehler. "Chemical Reactions with Single Microparticles." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 1 (January 1990): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006070x.

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Fine particles can be produced via aerosol processes either by means of vapor phase reactions that produce solid or liquid particles or by reactions between a preexisting solid or liquid particle and a reactive gas. This article examines the latter processes because a strong interest has developed in the production of materials via aerosol processing. Although fine particles are frequently produced using flow systems, such as in the laminar flow aerosol reactor of McRae and his co-workers, fundamental studies of the chemical kinetics are more readily done using single microparticles or microdroplets. Design of an aerosol reactor requires knowledge of the reaction rates, for there must be a sufficient residence time of the reacting species in the reactor to complete the desired reaction.Matijević reviewed early work on preparing well-defined and very pure metal oxides by hydrolysis of alkoxide aerosol particles, and Ingebrethsen and co-workers studied the hydrolysis rates of aerosol droplets of aluminum and titanium alkoxides and mixtures of the two alkoxides. Following Matijevic and his colleagues, Okuyama et al. used the thermal decomposition of metal alkoxide vapors to produce ultrafine particles of the oxides of titanium, silicon, and aluminum. The preparation of polymeric aerosols has been studied by Partch et al. and by Ward et al. The latter investigators used single-particle techniques (the electrodynamic balance) to obtain polymerization rate data for the photochemical polymerization of acrylamide monomer microparticles.

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7

Budd, K. D., S. K. Dey, and D. A. Payne. "Microstructural characterization of sol-gel derived PbTiO3 thin films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100145522.

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A process has been developed for the fabrication of continuous, crack-free layers, of a series of compositions in the PbO-La2O3-TiO2-ZrO2 system. These layers were formed by spin-casting solutions of complex alkoxides onto platinum, silicon, silica, and a variety of substrates. The dried layers were amorphous gels which could be densified and converted to ceramic films at relatively low temperatures (e.g., 350-500°C). Gellation was caused by the condensation polymerization of alkoxide molecules, and was initiated by hydrolysis of the alkoxy groups. Gel structures were manipulated by controlling hydrolysis conditions (catalyst and amount of water) in an effort to control pyrolysis behaviour, optimize microstructures, and minimize firing temperatures. Lower processing temperatures increased the compatibility with substrates such as Si wafers. Structural control was possible because the polymerization reactions become site-specific under certain hydrolysis conditions. As discussed below, microstructures of thin films were influenced considerably by both the type of catalyst, and by interactions with silicon substrates.

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8

Ludeña Huaman, Michael Azael. "Proceso Sol-Gel en la Síntesis de Dióxido de Silicio (Sio2)." Revista Bases de la Ciencia. e-ISSN 2588-0764 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/rev_bas_de_la_ciencia.v6i2.2548.

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En ciencia de los materiales el dióxido de silicio, también conocido como sílice, ha recibido significante atención en diferentes áreas de investigación, ganando un espacio importante y de mucho interés entre los investigadores, debido a sus diversas aplicaciones que abarcan desde la síntesis de soportes para catalizadores hasta materiales para la liberación controlada de fármacos. Es motivo por el cual, en este manuscrito se dan a conocer aspectos químicos fundamentales e importantes sobre el proceso sol-gel en la síntesis de la sílice a partir de moléculas precursoras de alcóxidos de silicio y organosilanos. Se analiza cómo el catalizador ácido/básico y el tipo de precursor afectan a las reacciones de hidrólisis y condensación, así como a la estructura y morfología del material. Palabra clave: Sílice, Sol-gel, Hidrólisis, Condensación, Alcóxido. Abstract In materials science, silicon dioxide has received significant attention in different research areas, gaining valuable space and interest between researchers due to its diverse applications, ranging from the synthesis of supports for catalysts to materials for controlled drug liberation. Herein we describe fundamental and important chemical aspects of the sol-gel process in the synthesis of silica, starting from precursor molecules of silicon alkoxides and organosilanes. Moreover, this review analyses how the acid/basic catalyst and the type of precursor affect the hydrolysis and condensation reaction, as well as the structure and morphology of the obtained material. Keywords: Silica, Sol-gel, Hydrolysis, Condensation, Alkoxide.

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9

Pozarnsky, G. A., and A. V. McCormick. "The role of transesterification in the multistep “prehydrolysis” sol/gel synthesis of aluminum-rich aluminosilicate gels." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 4 (April 1996): 922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0115.

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Using a prehydrolysis technique, transparent gels with very high aluminum content can be achieved with the use of isopropanol. Here 13C, 27Al, 29Si and 17O NMR at various stages of preparation show that when the aluminum added exceeds the number that silanols can fully protect, the excess aluminum alkoxide groups readily undergo transesterification with isopropanol. The aluminum isopropoxide (Al–OPri) groups thus formed are shown to be sufficiently stable that attack by water is impeded, thus allowing the remaining silicon alkoxide groups to hydrolyze and condense to form a homogeneous gel.

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10

Oh, Junrok, Hiroaki Imai, and Hiroshi Hirashima. "Direct deposition of silica films using silicon alkoxide solution." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 241, no. 2-3 (November 1998): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(98)00772-8.

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11

Fu, D. Y., and Wenjea J. Tseng. "Rheology of concentrated SiC particles in silicon alkoxide sols." Ceramics International 32, no. 2 (January 2006): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.01.017.

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12

Ivicheva, S. N., A. A. Klimashin, N. A. Ovsyannikov, A. S. Lysenkov, and Yu F. Kargin. "Nitrogenation Conditions for Mixed Silicon and Aluminum Alkoxide Xerogels." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 66, no. 8 (August 2021): 1183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602362108009x.

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13

Wang, Joanna S., Chien M. Wai, Gail J. Brown, Scott D. Apt, Howard E. Smith, and Laraba P. Kendig. "Formation of Insulating Oxide Films with Hydrolysis Reactions of Alkoxide Precursors in Supercritical Fluid CO2: Chemistry, Morphology, Characterization and Film Thickness." MRS Advances 1, no. 37 (2016): 2591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.269.

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ABSTRACTInsulating silicon dioxide (SiO2) films can be produced by hydrolysis of metal alkoxide tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of an acid catalyst in supercritical fluid CO2 (sc-CO2). In this study, SiO2 films are formed on different substrates using TEOS as a source of silicon, and acetic acid (HAc) as a catalyst. Water required for the hydrolysis reaction is from in situ generation of esterification and condensation reactions involving HAc and the alcohol produced. The acid catalyzed deposition reaction actually starts at room temperature but produces decent films in sc-CO2 at moderately high temperatures (e.g. 50 °C). Supercritical fluid CO2 is known to have near zero surface tension and provides an ideal medium for fabrication of SiO2 films. Formation of SiO2 films via hydrolysis reaction in sc-CO2 is more rapid compared to the traditional hydrolysis reaction at room temperature. In general, metal alkoxide hydrolysis reactions carried out in a closed sc-CO2 system is not affected by moisture in air compared with traditional open-air hydrolysis systems. Using sc-CO2 as a reaction medium can eliminate undesirable organic solvents utilized in traditional alkoxide hydrolysis reactions.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction (ED) measurements demonstrated that the SiO2 films produced are amorphous. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy show elemental compositions of the films formed on the substrate surfaces to be SiO2. Film thickness formation by controlling the amount of the catalyst is discussed.

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14

Niwa, Miki, Yoshimi Kawashima, Takashi Hibino, and Yuichi Murakami. "Mechanism of chemical vapour deposition of silicon alkoxide on mordenites." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 84, no. 12 (1988): 4327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19888404327.

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15

Kozuka, Hiromitsu, Hisao Kuroki, and Sumio Sakka. "Viscosity behavior of silicon alkoxide solutions in sol-gel transformation." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 95-96 (December 1987): 1181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(87)80732-9.

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16

Curran, Matthew D., Thomas E. Gedris, and A. E. Stiegman. "Catalysis of Silicon Alkoxide Transesterification by Early Transition Metal Complexes." Chemistry of Materials 10, no. 6 (June 1998): 1604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm970803u.

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17

Chakrabartty, Sutapa, and S. Kumar. "Preparation of Silica Gel Monoliths by Ammonolysis of Silicon Alkoxide." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 54, no. 1 (January 1995): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.1995.10804671.

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18

Cheng, Xueli, Dairong Chen, and Yongjun Liu. "Mechanisms of Silicon Alkoxide Hydrolysis-Oligomerization Reactions: A DFT Investigation." ChemPhysChem 13, no. 9 (April 23, 2012): 2392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201200115.

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19

Saha, Atanu, Sandeep R. Shah, and Rishi Raj. "Amorphous Silicon Carbonitride Fibers Drawn from Alkoxide Modified Ceraset™." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86, no. 8 (August 2003): 1443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03493.x.

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20

Izutsu, Hiroyuki, Fujio Mizukami, Takeshi Sashida, Kazuyuki Maeda, Yoshimichi Kiyozumi, and Yoshikatsu Akiyama. "Effect of malic acid on structure of silicon alkoxide derived silica." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 212, no. 1 (May 1997): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(96)00620-5.

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21

Zangvil, Avigdor, Chien-Cheng Lin, and Robert Ruh. "Microstructural Studies in Alkoxide-Derived Mullite/Zirconia/Silicon Carbide-Whisker Composites." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 75, no. 5 (May 1992): 1254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb05565.x.

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22

TOKUI, TOSHIMI, MOTOTAKE YANO, and KENJI ASAMI. "Kinetics of Particle Growth in Hydrolysis and Condensation of Silicon Alkoxide." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 24, no. 5 (1998): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.24.784.

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23

Sakka, Sumio, and Hiromitsu Kozuka. "Fiber Drawing from Silicon Alkoxide Solutions in the Sol–Gel Process." Chemistry Letters 16, no. 9 (September 5, 1987): 1763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1987.1763.

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24

Narita, Ayumi, Yuji Baba, Tetsuhiro Sekiguchi, Iwao Shimoyama, Norie Hirao, and Tsuyoshi Yaita. "Anchoring of alkyl chain molecules on oxide surface using silicon alkoxide." Applied Surface Science 258, no. 6 (January 2012): 2034–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.04.111.

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25

Kozuka, Hiromitsu, Hisao Kuroki, and Sumio Sakka. "Flow characteristics and spinnability of sols prepared from silicon alkoxide solution." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 100, no. 1-3 (March 1988): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(88)90022-1.

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26

Schrotter, Jean-Christophe, Antonio Cardenas, Monique Smaihi, and Nadine Hovnanian. "Silicon and phosphorus alkoxide mixture: Sol-gel study by spectroscopic technics." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (1995): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00488374.

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27

Okuzaki, Sachiko, Yuji Iwamoto, Shinji Kondoh, Koichi Kikuta, and Shin-ichi Hirano. "Processing of silicon carbide ceramics using chemically modified polycarbosilanes." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 1 (January 1999): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0028.

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Chemically modified polycarbosilane (PC) which contains Si–Al–C–O component, PCOAl, was synthesized using PC and aluminum triisopropoxide. Ceramic yield was greatly improved through the modification of PC with a metal alkoxide. The phase transformation behavior and microstructure development of silicon carbide (SiC) were studied on β–SiC powders coated with chemically modified PC. The β-α phase transformation of SiC was enhanced by the coating of chemically modified PC on β–SiC powder. A unique microstructure with submicron-sized plate-like grains was developed, since the fine a phase produced at low temperature served as a nucleation site for the β-α phase transformation of SiC.

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28

Baba, Y., G. Wu, T. Sekiguchi, and I. Shimoyama. "Photon-stimulated ion desorption from mono- and multilayered silicon alkoxide on silicon by core-level excitation." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 19, no. 4 (July 2001): 1485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1359545.

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29

Bailey, J. K. "Structural development of solution-derived, monodisperse powders studied using cryo-TEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100154147.

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High quality advanced ceramic materials can be produced by using unagglomerated monodisperse powders for preparation of ceramic pre-forms. Stöber et al. first showed that monodisperse silica particles could be derived from silicon alkoxides, and Bugosh et al. demonstrated the control over particle size and mass fraction that could be obtained. Similarly, Barringer and Bowen produced titania colloids but without using a catalyst. In these preparation procedures, a solution of metal alkoxide monomers undergoes hydrolysis and condensation to form the particles. By the chemical processing of monodisperse powders, one can control the particle size and stabilization. In order to understand and control the influence of the processing conditions on the morphology of these particles, the growth mechanism needs to be understood. As yet, there are no widely accepted growth models for the various materials.Using cryo-microscopy, one can directly observe the development of these particles by freezing the reaction at various stages and observing the products at that time. A thin liquid film of solution is fast frozen, vitrifying the solvent and trapping the particles suspended in solution, thus avoiding potential artifacts, such as agglomeration, that can be caused by drying the sample.

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30

De Ruiter, B., J. E. Benson, R. A. Jacobson, and John G. Verkade. "Formation of unexpected silicon alkoxide isomers in a rectangular planar chelating framework." Inorganic Chemistry 29, no. 5 (March 1990): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00330a031.

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31

Okusaki, Sachiko, and Tomoji Ohishi. "The effect of photo-irradiation in hydrolysis and condensation of silicon alkoxide." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 319, no. 3 (May 2003): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(02)02054-9.

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32

Avnir, D., and V. R. Kaufman. "Alcohol is an unnecessary additive in the silicon alkoxide sol-gel process." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 92, no. 1 (June 1987): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(87)80368-x.

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33

Matsukawa, Mami, Isao Nagai, and Yuko Tanaka. "An Ultrasonic Monitoring of the Sol-Gel Process in Silicon Alkoxide Solutions." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 34, Part 1, No. 5B (May 30, 1995): 2575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.2575.

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34

Mutlu, Baris R., Sujin Yeom, Ho-Wang Tong, Lawrence P. Wackett, and Alptekin Aksan. "Silicon alkoxide cross-linked silica nanoparticle gels for encapsulation of bacterial biocatalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1, no. 36 (2013): 11051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta12303k.

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35

Ponton, Alain, and Stephane Warlus. "Viscoelasticity and morphological modulation of silicon alkoxide-based systems by selective catalysts." Rheologica Acta 49, no. 9 (June 6, 2010): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-010-0462-9.

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36

Sorarù, Gian Domenico, Alberto Ravagni, Roberto Dal Maschio, Giovanni Carturan, and Florence Babonneau. "Polymer-derived Si3N4−ZrO2 nanocomposite powders." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 5 (May 1992): 1266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1266.

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A Zr-modified polycarbosilane has been obtained reacting a zirconium alkoxide with a polycarbosilane. This new preceramic polymer has been nitridated in flowing ammonia up to 1000 °C. The conversion process of the polymer precursor to the Si–N–Zr–O ceramic has been followed mainly by FT-IR, XRD, and TEM investigations. The formation of the Si–N–Si network starts at 600 °C. At 1000 °C the system can be described as an amorphous silicon nitride ceramic in which very fine zirconia-based particles are dispersed. Increasing the temperature to 1300 °C results in the crystallization of t-ZrO2 microcrystals (35 Å in size). At higher temperatures the crystallization of the silicon nitride matrix into β–Si3N4 has been observed.

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37

HAYASHI, Fusashi, Kouichi TAKEI, Youichi MACHII, and Toshikatsu SHIMAZAKI. "Effect of Solvents on the Structure of Dried Gel Prepared from Silicon Alkoxide." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 98, no. 1139 (1990): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.98.663.

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38

Wootton, A. M., M. Rappensberger, M. H. Lewis, S. Kitchin, A. P. Howes, and R. Dupree. "Structural properties of multi-component silicon oxycarbide glasses derived from metal alkoxide precursors." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 204, no. 3 (October 1996): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(96)00491-7.

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39

Qiao, Zhen-An, Ling Zhang, Mingyi Guo, Yunling Liu, and Qisheng Huo. "Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles via Controlled Hydrolysis and Condensation of Silicon Alkoxide." Chemistry of Materials 21, no. 16 (August 25, 2009): 3823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm901335k.

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40

Izutsu, Hiroyuki, Fujio Mizukami, Yoshimichi Kiyozumi, and Kazuyuki Maeda. "Structure and Properties of Silica Derived from Silicon Alkoxide Reacted with Tartaric Acid." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80, no. 10 (January 21, 2005): 2581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03160.x.

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41

Kinashi, Koji, Michio Niwano, Jun‐ichi Sawahata, Fumikazu Shimoshikiryo, and Nobuo Miyamoto. "Synchrotron radiation induced reactions of a condensed layer of silicon alkoxide on Si." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 13, no. 4 (July 1995): 1879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.579674.

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42

Ruan, Ding-Shan, Ya-Li Li, Lei Wang, Dong Su, and Feng Hou. "Fabrication of silicon oxycarbide fibers from alkoxide solutions along the sol–gel process." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (July 29, 2010): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-010-2292-8.

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43

HIBINO, T. "Shape-selectivity over hzsm-5 modified by chemical vapor deposition of silicon alkoxide." Journal of Catalysis 128, no. 2 (April 1991): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(91)90312-r.

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44

Maeda, Hirotaka, Yuki Nakano, and Toshihiro Kasuga. "Preparation of CaO-SiO2Glass-Ceramic Spheres by Electrospraying Combined with Sol-Gel Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/463048.

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Анотація:

CaO-SiO2glass-ceramic spheres were prepared by an electrospray method using hydrolyzed silicon alkoxide containing calcium nitrate. Crystalline calcium silicates, such as Ca2SiO4andβ-CaSiO3, formed around the surface of the spheres after heat treatment. The dissolution of the crystal phase of the spheres caused the release of Ca2+and Si4+ions during the initial stage of soaking in Tris-buffer solution, leading to the formation of nanosized pores at the sphere surface. The incorporation of Ca2+ions into the glassy phase of the spheres suppressed the rapid pH increase during the initial stage of soaking in Tris-buffer solution.

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45

Lin, Cheng-Li, Cheng-Ling Shih, and Lai-Kwan Chau. "Amperometricl-Lactate Sensor Based on Sol−Gel Processing of an Enzyme-Linked Silicon Alkoxide." Analytical Chemistry 79, no. 10 (May 2007): 3757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac061972d.

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46

Fahrenholtz, William G., Douglas M. Smith, and Duen-Wu Hua. "Formation of microporous silica gels from a modified silicon alkoxide. I. Base-catalyzed gels." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 144 (January 1992): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(05)80381-3.

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47

Kim, Jong-Ho, Yuji Ikoma, and Miki Niwa. "Control of the pore-opening size of HY zeolite by CVD of silicon alkoxide." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 32, no. 1-2 (November 1999): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1811(99)00086-4.

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48

Yeh, Ta-Chuan, Pei Tien, and Lai-Kwan Chau. "Fiber-Optic Evanescent-Wave Absorption Copper(II) Sensor Based on Sol-Gel-Derived Organofunctionalized Silica Cladding." Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 10 (October 2001): 1320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011953676.

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A fiber-optic evanescent-wave absorption sensor was constructed on the basis of an organofunctionalized silica cladding. The cladding material was prepared by the sol-gel processing of an organofunctional silicon alkoxide, which contains a propyl-ethylenediamine triacetate (PEDTA) group. The PEDTA group can chelate with a Cu(II) ion to form a colored complex. Because of the large formation constant of the complexation reaction, a kinetic approach was used to quantify the Cu(II) content in samples. The sensor has a dynamic range of 0.5–100 ppm and a detection limit of 56 ppb. The measurement of the Cu(II) content in a scattering medium has also been demonstrated.

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49

Yin, Qinnan, Huixin Jin, Fuzhong Wu, Weijie Wang, and Qian Yang. "Preparation of High-purity Alumina via Hydrolysis of Aluminum Isopropoxide after Desilication with Lanthanum Oxide." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 898, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/898/1/012022.

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Abstract High-purity alumina refers to ultra-fine alumina powder with a purity exceeding 99.99% and a uniform particle size. This material exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance. Owing to the high silicon content of alumina prepared by means of the alcohol-aluminum hydrolysis method, the purity of the alumina is often unsatisfactory. Therefore, in this work, a new method for adding lanthanum oxide to isopropanol in the early aluminum isopropoxide synthesis stage is proposed. When lanthanum oxide was added, the silicon content of the precursor aluminum isopropoxide decreased to 0.0051%.Remove calcium, sodium, magnesium and other impurities by cleaning with hydrochloric acid under an ultrasonic field. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as follows: hydrolysis temperature: 55, hydrolysate concentration: 80%, water to alkoxide ratio: 6:1. The alumina precursor calcined at 1200 yielded a high-purity alumina with a purity level of more than 99.99%, and the particle size reaches 2.037 μm.

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50

HIDAYAT, RAHMAT, HERMAN, FITRILAWATI, MASAYOSHI OJIMA, and MASANORI OZAKI. "FABRICATION OF DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK GRATING FROM HYBRID POLYMER WHICH EXHIBITS PHOTO-PUMPED LASING ACTION." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 04 (August 2010): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10006855.

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We have studied the preparation of hybrid organic–inorganic polymers and the fabrication of distributed feedback grating using those hybrid polymers. The hybrid polymer precursors were prepared from ester-modified silicon alkoxide by using sol–gel technique. The gel precursor can be then polymerized into a solid film by photo-polymerization. The gratings were fabricated by interference laser technique by employing Lloyd's mirror configuration. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) image shows the formation of corrugated grating structure. Although the grating depth is relatively shallow compared to the thickness of the layer, the photo-pumped lasing action has been observed in those structures. In a film without grating structure, only Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) was observed.

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