Статті в журналах: "Silicate composite materials"

1

Senthil Kumar, B. R., M. Thiagarajan, and K. Chandrasekaran. "Investigation of Mechanical and Wear Properties of LM24/Silicate/Fly Ash Hybrid Composite Using Vortex Technique." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6728237.

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This work has investigated to find the influence of silicate on the wear behavior of LM 24/4 wt.% fly ash hybrid composite. The investigation reveals the effectiveness of incorporation of silicate in the composite for gaining wear reduction. Silicate particles with fly ash materials were incorporated into aluminum alloy matrix to accomplish reduction in wear resistance and improve the mechanical properties. The LM24/silicate/fly ash hybrid composite was prepared with 4 wt.% fly ash particles with 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wt.% of silicate using vortex technique. Tribological properties were evaluated under different load (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 N); sliding velocity (0.75, 1.5, 2.25, and 3 m/sec) condition using pin on disc apparatus and mechanical properties like density, hardness, impact strength, and tensile strength of composites were investigated. In addition, the machining of the aluminum hybrid composite was studied using Taguchi L9orthogonal array with analysis of variance. The properties of the hybrid composites containing 24 wt.% silicates exhibit the superior wear resistance and mechanical properties.

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2

Savvova, O. V. "Protective impact resistant composite materials based on aluminium-silicate glass-ceramics." Functional materials 26, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm26.01.182.

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3

Jelić, Aleksandra, Milica Sekulić, Milan Travica, Jelena Gržetić, Vukašin Ugrinović, Aleksandar D. Marinković, Aleksandra Božić, Marina Stamenović, and Slaviša Putić. "Determination of Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composite Materials Reinforced with Silicate Nanofillers Using Digital Image Correlation (DIC)." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061255.

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In this study, silicate nanofillers; dicalcium silicate, magnesium silicate, tricalcium silicate, and wollastonite; were synthesized using four different methods and incorporated into the epoxy resin to improve its mechanical properties. Characterization of the newly synthesized nanofillers was performed using Fourier-transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The purpose of this study was to analyze newly developed composite materials reinforced with silicate nanoparticles utilizing tensile testing and a full-field non-contact 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. Analysis of deformation and displacement fields gives precise material behavior during testing. Testing results allowed a more reliable assessment of the structural integrity of epoxy composite materials reinforced using different silicate nanofillers. It was concluded that the addition of 3% of dicalcium silicate, magnesium silicate, tricalcium silicate, and wollastonite lead to the increasement of tensile strength up to 31.5%, 29.0%, 27.5%, and 23.5% in comparison with neat epoxy, respectively. In order to offer more trustworthy information about the viscoelastic behavior of neat epoxy and composites, a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was also performed and rheological measurements of uncured epoxy matrix and epoxy suspensions were obtained.

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4

Yang, Zhijie, De Zhang, Chengyang Fang, Yang Jiao, Dong Kang, Changwang Yan, and Ju Zhang. "Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 3616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103616.

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Considering the recent eco-friendly and efficient utilization of three kinds of solid waste, including calcium silicate slag (CSS), fly ash (FA), and blast-furnace slag (BFS), alkali-activated cementitious composite materials using these three waste products were prepared with varying content of sodium silicate solution. The hydration mechanisms of the cementitious materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the composite is a binary cementitious system composed of C(N)-A-S-H and C-S-H. Si and Al minerals in FA and BFS are depolymerized to form the Q0 structure of SiO4 and AlO4. Meanwhile, β-dicalcium silicate in CSS hydrates to form C-S-H and Ca(OH)2. Part of Ca(OH)2 reacts with the Q0 structure of AlO4 and SiO4 to produce lawsonite and wairakite with a low polymerization degree of the Si-O and Al-O bonds. With the participation of Na+, part of Ca(OH)2 reacts with the Q0 structure of AlO4 and the Q3 structure of SiO4, which comes from the sodium silicate solution. When the sodium silicate content is 9.2%, the macro properties of the composites effectively reach saturation. The compressive strength for composites with 9.2% sodium silicate was 23.7 and 35.9 MPa after curing for 7 and 28 days, respectively.

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5

Kuatbayeva, T. К., Zh Т. Nashiraliyev, Z. М. Zhambakina, М. G. Bruyako, and А. Т. Orynova. "USE OF OIL AND BITUMINOUS ROCKS AND WASTE FROM THEIR PROCESSING IN CREATION OF COMPOSITE SILICATE MATERIALS." SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 440 (April 15, 2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.27.

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The article considers the issues of technology of silicate materials of dense and cellular structure with usage of oil bituminous rocks and waste from their processing, in particular: the optimization of the ratios of the raw components of a silicate materials mixture, the development of optimal technological parameters for the production of silicate materials, and the technological aspects of the production of the above materials. The optimal compositions of binders with use of waste products from OBR are studied in this work as an activating component of lime or cement. The stability of the samples was studied in various media with a low and high content of basic calcium hydrosilicate. If they contain insoluble silicates and aluminosilicates containing silica, they are acid resistant. Alkali-resistant rocks containing oxides corresponding to strong bases are combined with oxides corresponding to weak acids, for example, calcium and magnesium carbonates. As a result of the experimental work, technological processes for the manufacture of silicate materials (of dense and cellular structure) based on the OBR and waste from their processing are substantiated and developed. The paper reveals the chemical-mineralogical and the structural features of oil bituminous rocks and waste from their processing. The optimal ratio of the waste mixture of oil and bituminous rocks with lime and the technological parameters that ensure the grade of lime-sand binder from 400 to 500 are established. Silicate materials based on this mixture have high physical and mechanical properties and comply with the requirements of the ST standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan for silicate brick and GOST state standard for aerated concrete. Thus, the compositions and conditions for the preparation of these binders with high resistance in large temperature, pressure and aggressive environments are proposed in this work. Key words: oil bituminous rocks and waste from their processing, structure, mechanochemical activation, silicate materials, binder, cellular concrete, durability.

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6

Petit, P. O., P. Goldner, C. Boissière, C. Sanchez, and B. Viana. "New silicate bonding technique for composite laser materials." Optical Materials 32, no. 10 (August 2010): 1368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2010.03.026.

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7

Hopmann, Christian, Walter Michaeli, and Florian Puch. "Investigation of the processing, the mechanical properties, and the morphology of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composites." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0035.

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AbstractPolypropylene composites containing layered silicate and glass fibers are prepared by melt compounding. To investigate the influence of the processing conditions on the mechanical properties and the morphology of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composites, the process parameters are varied while preparing the composites. The processing conditions affect the mechanical properties and the morphology. The investigations suggest that a short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composite should be compounded at a maximum barrel temperature of 200°C, a throughput of 30 kg/h at a screw speed of 500 min-1 and a screw configuration, which introduces a large amount of shear energy into the composite. These processing conditions lead to a comparatively high specific mechanical energy input of 206 Wh/kg and to the best set of mechanical properties of the investigated materials. However, the morphology of the investigated short glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposites does not show significant differences and has to be investigated further.

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8

Ishartono, Bayu, Suyanta Suyanta, and Indriana Kartini. "Effect of Zeolite to Clay Ratios on the Formation of Zeolite-Clay-White Cement Composite Cylinder as an Encapsulant of Urea Fertilizer." Key Engineering Materials 884 (May 2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.196.

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Zeolite-clay-white cement composite cylinders have been prepared for the encapsulant of urea powder. The composites were made by mixing natural zeolite, clay, and white cement at certain ratios using a home-made cylinder mold. All processes were done at room temperature. The composites were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated through compressive strength and water absorption capacity test. The infrared spectra showed functional groups at 3448 and 1636 cm–1, indicating the presence of calcium silicate hydrate as the main product of hydration and pozzolanic reactions in the composite. The XRD patterns also confirmed the presence of calcium silicate hydrate as tobermorite (d = 3.34, 3.22, 2.75, and 2.28 Å) and jennite (d = 4.50 Å). Increasing the natural zeolite ratio in the composite decreased the compressive strength but increased water absorption capacity. The composite cylinders are envisaged as the encapsulant of urea powder and act as a slow-release fertilizer.

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9

Húšťavová, Jana, Vít Černý, and Rostislav Drochytka. "Influence of Expansion on Properties and Microstructure of Calcium Silicate Composite Material." Key Engineering Materials 808 (June 2019): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.808.136.

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The aim of the research was verification of influence of aeration and influence of aluminum powder on microstructure and physical mechanical properties of calcium silicate composite material. At the same time, influence of various dosages of alternative raw materials on porous structure of the composite was examined. Tested raw materials are not the ones commonly used in the technology of manufacture of calcium silicate composites, for example chamotte blocks, Lining of silica and foundry sand. It was found that influence of aeration of calcium silicate composite causes reduction of compressive strength by roughly 85%. At the same time, volume weight drops by 50%. As a consequence of the expansion, intensity of diffraction lines of tobermorite detected by X-ray diffraction analysis is reduced because of reaction of aluminum powder with calcium hydroxide. It was found that there is dependency between the amount of replacement of silica sand with foundry sand and silica, and intensity of tobermorite diffraction lines, where the intensity of the diffraction lines was reduced with increased amount of replacement.

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10

Zhou, Zifan, Guofu Tu, Feng Xu, Zhaofeng Song, and Na Li. "Preparation and properties of silicate inorganic exterior wall insulation based on thermal energy storage." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191104085z.

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The key to building energy conservation is how to make the exterior wall have good thermal insulation performance, reduce the heat loss of the building?s peripheral structure, develop new exterior wall insulation materials, and effectively achieve energy saving. In this paper, a new type of composite silicate insulation material was prepared by using fly ash, sepiolite fiber, basalt fiber, and cement as raw materials. According to the analysis of the action of each component of the composite silicate thermal insulation material, the composite silicate thermal insulation material is prepared by selecting different raw material ratios, and the fly ash and sepiolite fibers are analyzed by a thermal conductivity measuring instrument and a hydraulic universal testing machine. The influence of water-cement ratio on the thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and compressive strength of composite silicate insulation materials. Through research, it is found that this composite silicate exterior wall insulation material utilizes some abandoned resources to help the building exterior wall to store thermal energy. The preparation process is simple, the insulation performance is good, the mechanical strength is high, and there is great promotion value and application prospect.

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11

WANG, CAILI, SHUILIN ZHENG, GUIHUA LIU, LIJING WANG, PENG HUANG, and ZHAOHUA WANG. "PREPARATION OF WOLLASTONITE COATED WITH NANO-ALUMINIUM SILICATE AND ITS APPLICATION IN FILLING PA6." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 02 (April 2010): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10014144.

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Taking wollastonite as raw material, aluminium sulfate and water glass as coating modifier, a new type of wollastonite coated with nano-aluminium silicate powder-materials was obtained by chemical depositing method. By modificating this powder-materials with silane and filling it in PA6, the PA6 composite materials were obtained. The modificated powder-materials were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR. The mechanism of this powder-materials modificated by silane was discussed. It was shown that the surface of wollastonite was coated with nano-aluminium silicate evenly, the average grain size of aluminium silicate was 54 nm, filling 30% of this powder-materials modified by silane in PA6, the mechanical properties and the heat distortion temperature of the PA6 composites filled by it were notably enhanced.

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12

Mileiko, Sergei, Andrew Kolchin, Olga Shakhlevich, Sergei Galyshev, and Maxim Nikonovich. "Ytterbium Silicate Fibers: Fabrication, Microstructure and Strength." Fibers 7, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7120104.

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High temperature ceramic and metal matrix composites, which are to be used under complicated loading conditions in a severe atmosphere, have to satisfy a large number of the requirements. Hence, development of such composites calls for a large variety of fibers, matrices and interface materials to make an appropriate choice in designing a particular composite. The fiber is definitely the most important component of a composite. The family of oxide fibers is the most important among possible reinforcements for metal and oxide matrices. In this work, a family of potential oxide reinforcements containing ytterbium monosilicate Yb2SiO5 and disilicate Yb2Si2O7, and ytterbia-ytterbium monosilicate eutectic, was obtained and studied. The interest in those silicates was aroused because (i) they are highly resistant to hot corrosion in the presence of water vapor and (ii) their CTE varies from 8 × 10−6 K−1 for monosilicate to 4 × 10−6 K−1 for disilicate.

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13

Karankova, S. Y., I. A. Tikhonov, and E. B. Chubenko. "Synthesis and properties of composite materials based on zinc oxide nanoparticles in an insulating matrix." Doklady BGUIR 18, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-6-25-32.

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A composite material based on zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the chemical hydrothermal method and a polymer insulated matrix of sodium silicate was obtained. Free zinc oxide nanoparticles were formed by heating an equimolar solution of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine with different pH values (3–5). Nanoparticles were introduced into an aqueous sodium silicate solution and applied on a silicon substrate by centrifugation. Using scanning electron microscopy, we studied the structure and morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles on a silicon substrate in unbound state and after their introduction into the sodium silicate matrix. It was found that the obtained particles have a hexagonal crystal lattice and a bimodal size distribution. After introduction in the matrix of sodium silicate, only smaller zinc oxide nanoparticles with an average diameter of 45 nm remain in it. Studying of the photoluminesclence spectra of a composite material, including zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained at different pH values of the initial solution, showed the presence of exciton and defectrelated photoluminescence bands with intensity’s maximums located at 383 and 590 nm, respectively. Zinc oxide nanoparticles in the stabilizing matrix of sodium silicate exhibit a higher relative intensity of exciton photoluminescence than unbound particles. The highest value of the relative intensity of exciton photoluminescence was achieved for a composite material including zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized at pH=3,35 of the initial solution. The resulting composite materials can be used in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, and as an optical medium of non-cavity lasers.

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14

Borrmann, Thomas, Anton Dominis, Andrew J. McFarlane, James H. Johnston, Michael J. Richardson, Leon A. P. Kane-Maguire, and Gordon G. Wallace. "Immobilisation of Fully Sulfonated Polyaniline on Nanostructured Calcium Silicate." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 4303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.879.

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Up to 7.4% (w/w) of the sulfonated polyaniline, poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS) can be absorbed onto nanostructured calcium silicates. Spectroscopic and leaching studies on the novel PMAS-silicate nanocomposites obtained indicate that attachment of the PMAS occurs via electrostatic binding of PMAS sulfonate groups to Ca2+ sites on the silicates. The surface area and pore volume of the nanocomposites are comparable to those of pure silicate and increase the surface area of the PMAS polymer by several orders of magnitude. The PMAS emeraldine salt in the nanocomposites retains its chemical reactivity, being readily oxidised and reduced to its pernigraniline and leucoemeraldine forms, respectively. The conductivity of the composite is comparable to that of the pure PMAS, several orders of magnitude higher than that of dried nanostructured calcium silicate.

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15

Melichar, Tomáš, Jiří Bydžovský, and Ámos Dufka. "Volume Stability of Polymer-Silicate Based Materials Exposed to High Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 714 (September 2016): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.714.78.

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This paper presents research into analysing the volume stability of composite materials based on a polymer-cement matrix. The attention was paid to the influence of extreme temperatures shocks. Materials of modified composition were gradually exposed to extreme temperatures and then cooled in furnaces. Cooling was carried out by two different ways, i.e. slow and rapid. Emphasis was placed on the aggregate type used – fine lightweight and dense. Also available materials from alternative resources which have positive effect on thermal stability of composites based on silicate matrix were considered.

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16

Artemov, Arseny O., Michael N. Ignatov, Anna M. Ignatova, and Stanislav V. Naumov. "Composition Development and Production Technology of Stone Casting Silicate Materials and Items." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.401.

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Though silicate-oxide materials are in demand in all industries, inclusive of defense industry, their application is limited by manufacturing capability of their formation. Therefore, range expansion of manufacturing capability of forming silicate-oxide materials is an important issue. Casting technology allows obtaining fair-sized items and composite pattern at lower cost. It is used for silicate-oxide materials in petrurgical (stone casting) manufacturing, the melt for stone casting technology being often received by electric arc method.

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17

Silatikunsatid, Treerat, Nittaya Jaitanong, and Suparut Narksitipan. "A Study on Influence of Zinc Oxide in Cement Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 772 (July 2018): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.772.95.

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In this research, the influence of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the phase compositions and crystalline structure and microstructure of cement composite was studied. ZnO powder (0.5-1 wt% of cement) was used as an additive material. The Portland cement and ZnO powder were blended and mixed with water at the ratio constant (W/C) of 0.4. Then, the paste was cast into the molded for 24 hours. After these periods, the samples were dried at temperature 50°C for 24 hours. Those of samples were analyzed of crystalline structure and phase compositions by using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). Microstructure analysis by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the XRD spectra showed phases of calcium hydroxide (CH) and calcium silicate hydrated (CS), which were hydration products of cementitious material. Moreover, phase of zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) is detected. Zn(OH)2have affected on the retardation of hydration reaction (more than 48 h). Zn(OH)2phase was formed on the surface of anhydrous tricalcium silicate (C3S) main compound in cement. The intensity of un-hydration products (C3S and C2S) increased with increasing content of ZnO nanoparticle in cement composites.

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18

Arun, K. S., T. Panneerselvam, and S. Raghuraman. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites by Hybrid Reinforcement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.116.

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Now a day’s Hybrid Metal Matrix composites has a large number of applications in automobiles, aircrafts and structural applications like brake rotors, engine parts and cylinder liners. The aim of this study is to determine the mechanical properties of boron carbide (B4C) and zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) particulate reinforced with AA6063 alloy composites. In this experimental study, B4C and ZrSiO4 particulates reinforced with AA6063 composites were manufactured by stir casting technique. Mechanical properties of these composite materials were investigated by different weight percentages, 3%, 6%, 9% of boron carbide (B4C) and 9%, 6%, 3% of zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) respectively. The mechanical properties evaluation reveals variations in hardness and the tensile strength values with the composite combinations investigated in this work. From the experimental studies, the optimum volume fraction of hybrid reinforcement in AA6063 alloy on the basis of mechanical properties and SEM analysis is also determined.

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19

Johnston, James H., and Aaron C. Small. "Photoactivity of nano-structured calcium silicate–titanium dioxide composite materials." J. Mater. Chem. 21, no. 4 (2011): 1240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0jm02685a.

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20

Cai, Jiayi, Zhanyi Peng, Ruohong Zhao, An Xu, and Xinyu Zhou. "The Influence of Slag/Fly Ash Ratio and Sodium Silicate Modulus on the Properties of 1-3-2 Alkali-Based Piezoelectric Composite." Materials 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031150.

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In this paper, a comprehensive experimental investigation on the effect of the slag-to-fly ash ratio (hereafter referred to as SL/FA) and sodium silicate modulus on the properties of a 1-3-2 piezoelectric composite was carried out. The influence of the SL/FA ratio on various properties was initially investigated. Compared with other specimens, specimens with SL/FA = 40%:60% had the highest electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kt = 77.67%, Kp = 71%). Therefore, the specimen with SL/FA = 40%:60% was chosen to explore the effect of the sodium silicate modulus. Additionally, the specimen with SL/FA = 40%:60% and a sodium silicate modulus of 1.3 had the best electromechanical conversion efficiency with Kt = 75.68% and Kp = 75.95%. The 1-3-2 alkali-based piezoelectric composite proved to have the characteristics of a low cost, optimal piezoelectric and mechanical properties, higher tunability, and better compatibility with concrete. It is a potential alternative to cement-based piezoelectric composites and may be widely utilized to monitor the health of concrete structures.

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Hemra, Khanthima, Takaomi Kobayashi, Pavadee Aungkavattana, and Sirithan Jiemsirilers. "Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of fly ash-based geopolymer composites by wollastonite reinforcement." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 31, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v31i4.1230.

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The present study investigated the mechanical and thermal properties of geopolymer composite. The geopolymer composite was prepared by mixing fly ash and wollastonite with the alkaline activator, which was 6 M KOH:K2SiO3 in a mass ratio of 1:1 and a solid:liquid mass ratio of 3:2. The compressive strength at 28 days of geopolymer was 33.3 MPa and possessed the highest strength of 38.3 MPa when 30 wt% wollastonite was added. The flexural strength presented differently whereby it increased from 2.1 MPa to 6.8 MPa. It increased remarkably up to 200% with the addition of 50 wt% wollastonite. The geopolymer composites were exposed to high temperatures at 800℃ to 1100°C for 2 h. Cracks were reduced since 20 wt% wollastonite was added. A high percentage of wollastonite presented excellent thermal stability. The total weight loss of the geopolymer composite at temperatures of 30℃ to 1400°C was minimized. It decreased from 25% to 12% when 50 wt% wollastonite was added, and the dilatometric data resulted in a dimensional change of almost zero. The phase development of the geopolymer composites at high temperatures showed the crystallization of leucite, kalsilite, calcium silicate, calcium aluminium silicate, and calcium aluminium oxide, which were the high temperature stable phases. The results indicated that wollastonite reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer composites are promising for use in high temperature applications.

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Hardan, Louis, Davide Mancino, Rim Bourgi, Alejandra Alvarado-Orozco, Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis, Abigailt Flores-Ledesma, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, et al. "Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems to Calcium Silicate-Based Materials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies." Gels 8, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8050311.

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Since the adhesion of resin composites to calcium silicate-based cement is considered challenging. Therefore, the best adhesion strategy should be indicated. This review aimed to assess the effect of different adhesive systems on the bond strength of resin composite to calcium silicate-based cement through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The subsequent PICOS framework used was: population, calcium silicate-based cement; intervention, use of self-etch adhesive systems; control, use of total-etch adhesive systems; outcome, bond strength; study design, in vitro studies. The literature search was conducted independently by two reviewers up to 18 February 2021. Electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, and Embase) were searched for applicable articles. In vitro manuscripts studying the effect of adhesive systems on the bond strength of calcium silicate-based cement were considered. The meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager Software version 5.3.5 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). Bond strength comparisons were made considering the type of calcium silicate-based cement (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine™, or TheraCal LC®). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 7321 studies were retrieved in databases searched. After full-text evaluation, 37 eligible papers were assessed for qualitative analysis, leaving a total of 22 papers for the quantitative analysis. According to the meta-analysis, the bond strength values of resin composite materials to MTA and TheraCal LC® cement were favored when a total-etch adhesive system was used (p ≤ 0.02). On the other hand, the meta-analysis of the bond strength of resin-based materials to Biodentine™ calcium silicate-based cement was similar between both approaches (p = 0.12). The in vitro evidence suggests that the bond strength of resin-based materials to both MTA and TheraCal LC® cement was preferred by using the total-etch adhesive strategy. However, when bonding to Biodentine™, the use of self-etch or total-etch strategies displayed promising results. Given the lack of evidence related to the chemical interaction of self-etch adhesive materials with the bioceramics, if self-etch adhesives are used for bonding resin-based restorations to calcium silicate-based cement, a pretreatment with phosphoric acid could be recommended.

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23

Xiao, Jie, Wenbo Chen, Liangliang Wei, Wenting He, and Hongbo Guo. "Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Ytterbium-Silicate-Mullite Composites." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030671.

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Various Ytterbium-Silicate-Mullite composites were successfully fabricated by adding Yb2SiO5 into mullite ceramics and then using pressureless sintering at 1550 °C. The influence of Yb2SiO5 addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of ytterbium-silicate-mullite composites was investigated. Results show that the composites mainly consisted of a mullite matrix and some in situ formed Yb2Si2O7 and Al2O3 phases. By the addition of Yb2SiO5, the Vickers hardness of composites reached ~9.0 at an additive concentration of 5 mol %. Fracture toughness increased to ~2.7 MPa·m1/2 at the additive concentration of 15 mol %, owing to the trans-granular fracture and crack deflection of the pinning effect of the Al2O3 phase in the composites. With the increase of the Al2O3 phase in the composite, the thermal conductivity for the 15YbAM reached around 4.0 W/(m·K) at 1200 °C. Although the thermal conductivity increased, it is still acceptable for such composites to be used as environmental barrier coatings.

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Wang, Jian, Yi Qiang Wu, Jun Hua Xiao, Ming Liu, Xin Li Zhang, Hong Jun Chen, and Ying Feng Zuo. "Effect of Sodium Silicate on Properties of Magnesia Inorganic Lightweight Materials." Materials Science Forum 956 (June 2019): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.956.342.

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Magnesia inorganic lightweight material was prepared by using magnesium cementitious materials as raw materials, sodium silicate solution as modifier, hydrogen peroxide solution as foaming agent, manganese dioxide as activator, calcium stearate as stabilizer and polyacrylamide as thickener in this paper. The effects of sodium silicate addition on the apparent density, mechanical strength, pore structure, crystalline phase and water resistance of magnesia inorganic lightweight material were discussed. The results show that when the content of sodium silicate is 7.5‰, the pore structure presents better morphology and the crystallization contains more 5·1·8 phases (strength phase). At this moment, the compressive strength and bending strength of the composite reached 10.35 MPa and 2.22 MPa, respectively. When the addition of sodium silicate exceeded 7.5‰, SEM and EDS presented that a large amount of sodium silicate and perforation appeared in the pores, meanwhile large number of perforations occurred between pores. XRD showed that the 5·1·8 phases and 3·1·8 phases in the materials changed into Mg (OH)2 crystals. These results in a significant decrease in material properties. Keywords: Magnesium cementitious material; Sodium silicate; Inorganic light materials; Pore structure

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25

Quadflieg, Till, Sebastian Leimbrink, Thomas Gries, and Oleg Stolyarov. "Effect of coating type on the mechanical performance of warp-knitted fabrics and cement-based composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 19 (January 2, 2018): 2563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317750003.

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High-performance textiles are used for reinforcing concrete structural parts. This paper presents a technique for producing coated weft-inserted warp-knitted fabrics for concrete applications. Three types of reinforced fabrics differing in coating type and composed of alkali-resistant-glass rovings resulting in a cement composite matrix were produced. The investigated coatings include potassium silicate, carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber and epoxide. The mechanical properties of the developed fabrics and cement composites were determined according to the coating type. Thereafter, the mechanical performance of the warp-knitted reinforced fabrics was investigated using tensile tests. Finally, the properties of the composites were examined according to the coating type using a four-point bending test. The results of the characterization of the coated weft-inserted warp-knitted reinforced fabrics and cement composites based on them are presented and discussed. It is shown that the coating material has high influence on the composite properties. Samples with potassium silicate showed highest strength at the limit of proportionality, while samples with epoxide showed the highest flexural strength.

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26

Zhao, Xueni, Qingyao Liu, Jianjun Yang, Weigang Zhang, and Yao Wang. "Sintering Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Mullite Fibers/Hydroxyapatite Ceramic." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101859.

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The effect of fiber content and sintering temperature on sintering behavior and mechanical properties of mullite fibers/hydroxyapatite composites was studied. The composites were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and pressureless sintering. The amount of fibers was varied from 5 wt % to 15 wt % through hydrothermal synthesis, mullite fibers and hydroxyapatite composite powders were subsequently sintered at temperatures of 1150, 1250, and 1350 °C. The composites presented a more perturbed structure by increasing fiber content. Moreover, the composites experienced pore coalescence and exhibited a dense microstructure at elevated temperature. X-ray diffraction indicated that the composites underwent various chemical reactions and generated silicate glasses. The generation of silicate glasses increased the driving force of particle rearrangement and decreased the number of pores, which promoted densification of the composites. Densification typically leads to increased hardness and bending strength. The study proposes a densification mechanism and opens new insights into the sintering properties of these materials.

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27

Sprio, Simone, Anna Tampieri, Elena Landi, Gian Carlo Celotti, and Daniele Dalle Fabbriche. "Bioactive Hydroxyapatite/Calcium Silicate Composites Obtained by Fast Hot Pressing: Structure and Flexural Strength." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.423.

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The present work deals with the preparation and characterization of ceramic composites for the substitution of load-bearing bone portions, made of hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive β- calcium silicate (β-Ca2SiO4) as a reinforcing phase. The composite materials were prepared by Fast Hot-Pressing technique (FHP), which allowed the rapid sintering of monolithic ceramics at temperatures up to 1500 °C, well above the commonly adopted temperatures for sintering of hydroxyapatite (1200-1300 °C), in order to achieve the densification of the reinforcing phase also. XRD analysis reported no formation of secondary phases other than HA and β-Ca2SiO4, after FHP cycles. Flexural strength tests were performed on selected samples sintered at different temperatures: the composite materials exhibited increased mechanical resistance compared to samples constituted of HA only. These preliminary results confirmed that composites of HA and β- Ca2SiO4 are promising for the development of bioactive load-bearing ceramic bone substitutes.

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BRONSTEIN, L., R. KARLINSEY, B. STEIN, and J. ZWANZIGER. "Composite solid polymer electrolytes with silicate nanophases." Solid State Ionics 176, no. 5-6 (February 14, 2005): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.09.002.

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29

Son, Yeong Geum, and Woo Keun Lee. "Effect of the Alkali-Activation on the Mechanical Property of Geopolymer Composite." Materials Science Forum 804 (October 2014): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.804.15.

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In this work, pastes were prepared from slag and MSWI bottom ash by geopolymer technique. And its physical property was evaluated with mixing ratio of sodium silicate and potassium silicate. The amounts of leaching products, such as silica, alumina and calcium ions were changed for mixing ratio of raw materials. The compressive strength was increased with the increment of leaching amount of silica, alumina and calcium ions.

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30

Alam, Nurul, and Robert Mokaya. "Super-micropore/small mesopore composite pillared silicate and aluminosilicate materials from crystalline layered silicate Na-RUB-18." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 143, no. 1 (August 2011): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.02.014.

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31

Li, Hao, and Yongmin Shi. "High-Strength, Waterproof, Corrosion-Resistant Nano-Silica Carbon Nanotube Cementitious Composites." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 3737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173737.

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This study aims to prepare a nano-silica-carbon nanotube (NS-CNT) elastic composite using NS (nano-silica), CNTs (carbon nanotube), and (D3F) trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane. The results show that the activated NS could promote the hydrolysis of D3F. Polymerization products of nano-silica and D3F are uniformly adhered onto the surfaces of CNTs, thereby forming a NS-CNT composite. The composite is composed of irregular ellipsoids of 3–12 μm in length and 2–10 μm in diameter. The activated NS-CNT composite material effectively promotes the further hydration of (CaOH)2 in the cement to form hydrated calcium silicate, and further dehydration–condensation between the surface hydroxyl group of the composite material and the inherent hydroxyl group of (CaOH)2. The cementitious composite-based composites containing the activated NS-CNT exhibit high mechanical strengths, high water resistances, and good durability and corrosion resistance. The chemical characterizations reveal the morphology, nucleation mode of the composite, and its influence on the hydration structure and products of cementitious composite.

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32

Mystkowska, Joanna, and Jan Ryszard Dąbrowski. "The Influence of Selected Powder Fillers on the Tribological Properties of Composite Materials for Dental Fillings." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.33.

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of powder fillers on the tribological properties of composite materials used for dental fillings. The investigated composites contain a fluoridated filler (based on Ba-Sr-Al-P-Na-silicate glass fillers) as a fluoride source as well as different powder fillers (friction modifiers) e.g. silicon nitride (Si3N4), boron nitride (BN), polyethylene (PE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Composite disks were photo-cured and tested for wear against harder stainless-steel counterface. Wear tests were carried out by means of special tribotester in the presence of phosphate buffer as a lubricant. Influence of the load and filler contents on the friction coefficients and wear were estimated. The interaction between the filler particles and organic matrix and its influence on the tribological behavior of prepared specimens were observed. Organic powder fillers (PE, PTFE) reduced the friction coefficient and the wear of tested composite materials for dental fillings. Inorganic friction modifiers (Si3N4, BN) did not exhibit this effect.

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33

Mystkowska, Joanna. "Fluoride Release from Composite Materials for Dental Fillings." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.27.

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Fluoride release from composite materials for dental fillings depending on the type of powder filler and dynamical loading is the main problem considered in the paper. The fillers used for research were fluoridated glass (based on Ba-Sr-Al-P-Na-silicate glass), ytterbium fluoride (YbF3) as a fluoride source and nanosilica. In order to estimate the influence of the usage loading value on fluoride release from analyzed samples, the wear tests were carried out by means of special tribotester in presence of phosphate buffer as a lubricant. After friction processes the fluoride release tests were performed in phosphate buffer using direct potentiometry method with fluoride selective electrode. The fluoride emission was analyzed on the basis of: 1) type and amount of fillers powder, 2) using loading. Surface roughness was also investigated. The surface of each composite was analyzed by means of SEM.

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34

Leonov, V. G., G. A. Afonina, and O. N. Popova. "Synthesis and fritting of magnesia silicate composite powder." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 52, no. 1 (May 2011): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-011-9359-0.

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35

Chen, Lei, Dong Zhai, Zhiguang Huan, Nan Ma, Haibo Zhu, Chengtie Wu, and Jiang Chang. "Silicate bioceramic/PMMA composite bone cement with distinctive physicochemical and bioactive properties." RSC Advances 5, no. 47 (2015): 37314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04646g.

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New bioactive silicate/PMMA composite bone cements possess improved setting properties, high mechanical strength, excellent apatite-mineralization ability and biological activity for injectable bone regeneration materials application.

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36

Dudás, Csaba, Zoltán Forgó, and Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé. "Original Research. Surface Roughness Changes of Different Restoration Materials after Tooth Brushing Simulation Using Different Toothpastes." Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 2, s1 (March 1, 2017): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jim-2017-0012.

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Abstract Background: The need for the whitening effects of toothpastes became primary for most users. Changes in the surface roughness of restoration materials after tooth brushing are inevitable, and the abrasion is known to increase the possibility of dental plaque accumulation. Aim of the study: To evaluate in vitro surface roughness changes of different dental restorative materials after tooth brushing simulation. Material and methods: Fifty specimens of two composite materials (Evicrol, Super-Cor), two glass ionomer materials (Glassfill, Kavitan Cem) and a silicate cement (Fritex) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each group of specimens was divided in three subgroups for tooth brushing simulation: using two different types of toothpaste and without toothpaste. Before and after 153 hours of tooth brushing simulation with a custom-made device, the surface roughness was measured with a surface roughness tester. Statistical analysis was performed after collecting the data. Results: All materials exhibited changes in surface roughness after the use of both toothpastes. The self-curing composite showed the less change and glass ionomer materials showed the greatest changes in surface roughness. Conclusions: The surface changes of dental materials depended on their composition and the cleaning procedure. Although self-curing composite was the most resistant to surface changes, its surface roughness values were high. Light-curing composite presented the lowest surface roughness values, even after brushing with toothpastes. The “medium” labeled toothbrush caused significant changes without toothpaste on the surface of light-curing composite, glass ionomer and silicate cement materials.

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37

Dadi, Nitin Chandra Teja, Juraj Bujdák, Veronika Medvecká, Helena Pálková, Martin Barlog, and Helena Bujdáková. "Surface Characterization and Anti-Biofilm Effectiveness of Hybrid Films of Polyurethane Functionalized with Saponite and Phloxine B." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 7583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247583.

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The main objective of this work was to synthesize composites of polyurethane (PU) with organoclays (OC) exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Layered silicate (saponite) was modified with octadecyltrimethylammonium cations (ODTMA) and functionalized with phloxine B (PhB) and used as a filler in the composites. A unique property of composite materials is the increased concentration of modifier particles on the surface of the composite membranes. Materials of different compositions were tested and investigated using physico-chemical methods, such as infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, contact angle measurements, absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy in the visible region. The composition of an optimal material was as follows: nODTMA/mSap = 0.8 mmol g−1 and nPhB/mSap = 0.1 mmol g−1. Only about 1.5% of present PhB was released in a cultivation medium for bacteria within 24 h, which proved good stability of the composite. Anti-biofilm properties of the composite membranes were proven in experiments with resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The composites without PhB reduced the biofilm growth 100-fold compared to the control sample (non-modified PU). The composite containing PhB in combination with the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) reduced cell growth by about 10,000-fold, thus proving the significant photosensitizing effect of the membranes. Cell damage was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. A new method of the synthesis of composite materials presented in this work opens up new possibilities for targeted modification of polymers by focusing on their surfaces. Such composite materials retain the properties of the unmodified polymer inside the matrix and only the surface of the material is changed. Although these unique materials presented in this work are based on PU, the method of surface modification can also be applied to other polymers. Such modified polymers could be useful for various applications in which special surface properties are required, for example, for materials used in medical practice.

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38

Balbinot, Gabriela de Souza, Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune, Fabricio Aulo Ogliari, and Fabricio Mezzomo Collares. "Niobium silicate particles as bioactive fillers for composite resins." Dental Materials 36, no. 12 (December 2020): 1578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.010.

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39

Prokešová, Pavla, Nikolay Petkov, Jiří Čejka, Svetlana Mintova, and Thomas Bein. "Micro/Mesoporous Composites Based on Colloidal Zeolite Grown in Mesoporous Matrix." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70, no. 11 (2005): 1829–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20051829.

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Composite materials containing micro- and mesopores are prepared under instantaneous hydrothermal treatment of initial solutions generally used for zeolite Beta and precursor solutions for mesoporous Al-MCM-41 material. The resulting composites are compared with pure, highly crystalline colloidal microporous Beta zeolite and hexagonally ordered mesostructured samples. The porosity and morphological features of the composite materials are influenced by the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis of the initial colloidal solutions used for the preparation of Beta seeds, as well as by the conditions of the synchronized crystallization of the final composites. The embedding of Beta seeds in the mesoporous silica matrix is possible via immediate heating of mesoporous precursor solutions with Beta seeds primarily formed. The composite materials contain either microcrystalline Beta nanodomains with sizes of about 5-10 nm surrounded by mesoporous material or defined Beta nanocrystals (20-40 nm), and at the same time connected with mesostructured material. The presence of highly crosslinked silicate framework walls and tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum in the composite material are confirmed by solid-state 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. The concentration of Brønsted acid sites in the micro/mesoporous composites is increased substantially in comparison with pure mesoporous Al-MCM-41 material proven by FTIR acetonitrile-d3 adsorption study.

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40

Arifuzzaman, Md, and Ho Sung Kim. "Flatwise Compression and Flexural Behaviour of Perlite/Sodium Silicate Composite Foam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 860 (December 2016): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.860.19.

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Flatwise compression and flexural behaviour of perlite/sodium silicate composites made of expanded perlite and sodium silicate is studied using a new manufacturing method for applications of sandwich foam core materials. Sodium silicate content in composites (a perlite particle size of 2-3mm) was varied for a range of 0.1 - 0.3 g/ml and compaction ratio for moulding for a range of 2.0 - 3.0. Specimens under flatwise compression were found to be more capable for energy absorption than those previously reported for lengthwise compression, ascribing to appearance of densification stage following the initial cracking. Also, under flexural loading, energy absorption in composites after the initial cracking was found to be in operation, supporting their candidacy for wide applications where gypsum boards are dominant. It was deduced from both flexural testing results and fracture mechanism that compressive strength is higher than tensile strength, suggesting the future directions of mechanical performance improvement.

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41

Peng, Long Gui, Guang Cheng Zhang, Xing Guo Yu, and Ying Li. "Preparation and Low Frequency Sound Absorption Properties of Silicate Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1338.

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The silicate based low frequency sound absorption composite material was prepared with powdery polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam as filler. The effects of the amounts of PMI and pore-forming agent, and water-cement ratio on sound absorption properties of composite material were researched. Sound absorption coefficient was characterized by standing wave tube, and micro structure of composite material was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The results show that: when the amounts of PMI and pore-forming agent are 2.5wt% and 0.04wt%, respectively, and water cement ratio is 0.55, the average value of the absorption coefficient on the sound （≤1000Hz）can up to 0.35. Resonating sound absorption structure formed by micro pore of the silicate and thin wall cavity of PMI in composite materials is beneficial to high efficiency absorption to low frequency sound.

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42

Vasilev, Andrey P., Tatyana S. Struchkova, Leonid A. Nikiforov, Aitalina A. Okhlopkova, Petr N. Grakovich, Ee Le Shim, and Jin-Ho Cho. "Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites with Carbon Fiber and Layered Silicate Fillers." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020224.

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Mixtures of layered silicates (vermiculite and kaolinite) and carbon fibers were investigated as filler materials for polytetrafluoroethylene. The supramolecular structure and the tribological and mechanical properties of the resulting polymer composite materials were evaluated. The yield strength and compressive strength of the polymer increased by 55% and 60%, respectively, when a mixed filler was used, which was attributed to supramolecular reinforcement of the composites. In addition, the wear resistance increased by 850 times when using vermiculite/kaolinite fillers, which was due to protection of the surface by the formation of hard tribofilms.

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43

Zhang, Ju, Changwang Yan, Pucun Bai, Xiaoxiao Wang, Shuguang Liu, and Zhigang Liu. "Effects of Calcium Silicate Slag on Hydration of Cementitious Pastes." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2019): 3094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193094.

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Calcium silicate slag (CSS) is waste slag and it contains a large amount of beta-dicalcium silicate. This study is mainly focused on the effect of CSS on the hydration of cementitious pastes. CSS was used to partly replace cement, and composite pastes containing CSS and cement were prepared. The mineral composition and particle size distribution of CSS were characterized. The chemically combined water of the paste sample was measured at a given test age. Based on the value of chemically combined water, the hydration degree and the hydration rate of composite pastes were analyzed. The flexural strength of the samples was established. The pore structure and micromorphology of the sample were also observed. The results indicate the chemically combined water decreased, the hydration degree decreased, the hydration rate declined, and the spherical micromorphology of the calcium silicate hydrate gel was reduced after more cement was replaced by CSS in the composite pastes. Besides, the amount of pores increased, its size was bigger, and air content in the pore was higher. However, flexural strength was lower. CSS has a significant impact on the hydration of cementitious pastes, and it is thus suitable to regulate hydration.

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44

Kord, Behzad. "Natural durability of organomodified layered silicate filled wood flour reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 20, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0092.

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AbstractThe effect of organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) loading on the natural durability properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites exposed to brown-rot fungi (Coniophora puteana) was studied. To meet this objective, the blend composites were prepared through the melt mixing of polypropylene/wood flour at 50% weight ratios, with various amounts of OMMT (0, 3 and 6 per hundred compounds [phc]) in a hake internal mixer. The samples were then made by injection molding. The amount of coupling agent was fixed at 2 phc for all formulations. After specimen and culture medium preparation, the specimens were exposed to the purified fungus at 25°C and 75% relative humidity for 14 weeks. Identical specimens of the same composite, without being exposed to the fungus, were provided as the control specimens. After the discussed periods; weight loss, flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, water absorption, and thickness swelling of specimens were measured. Results indicated that OMMT had significant effects on the natural durability of the studied composite formulations. All mechanical properties were affected by the fungus, to a greater extent in the case of specimens without OMMT than the specimens with OMMT. Furthermore, the flexural strength and modulus increased with an increase of OMMT up to 3 phc and then decreased. However, the impact strength, water absorption and thickness swelling was decreased with increase of OMMT loading. Also, the lowest weight loss and the highest hardness were observed in the composite containing 6 phc organoclay. The morphology of the nanocomposites was examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphological findings revealed that intercalation came from the sample with 3 phc concentration of OMMT, which implies the formation of intercalation morphology and better dispersion than 6 phc.

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45

Lee, Daiheon, Hirotaka Maeda, Akiko Obata, Keiichi Inukai, Katsuya Kato, and Toshihiro Kasuga. "Aluminum Silicate Nanotube Modification of Cotton-Like Siloxane-poly(L-lactic acid)-vaterite Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/169721.

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In our earlier work, a cotton-like biodegradable composite, consisting of poly(L-lactic acid) with siloxane-containing vaterite, has been prepared by electrospinning. In the present work, the fibers skeleton of the cotton-like composites was modified successfully with imogolite, which is hydrophilic and biocompatible, via a dip process using ethanol diluted solution to improve the cellular initial attachment. Almost no change in the fiber morphology after the surface modification was observed. The surface-modified composite showed the similar calcium and silicate ions releasabilities, for activating the osteoblasts, as an unmodified one. Cell culture tests showed that the initial adhesion of murine osteoblast-like cells on the surface of the fibers was enhanced by surface modification.

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46

Bragina, L. L., S. O. Ryabinin, O. Yu Fedorenko, O. P. Degurko, and S. O. Melnik. "Current state and prospects of stone mining and stone processing waste use in silicate industries (review)." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (December 30, 2020): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.19.

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A review of foreign and native publications on the use of man-made raw materials, which is formed during the extraction and processing of rocks, in the silicate materials production was presented. It was shown that, the disposal of large-scale industrial waste from mining and ore processing industrial complexes is promising for solving environmental problems and expanding the raw material base of silicate industries. An increase in the waste consumption degree will contribute to the integrated use of mineral raw materials, as well as a decrease in the volume of their accumulation and an improvement in the environmental situation. A literature review has shown the obvious potential of waste as an alternative raw material for partial or complete replacement of traditional raw materials in various silicate industries. On the example of artificial stone, stone casting, cement, concrete, ceramic bricks and tiles production, the technologies of silicate materials and products were considered, where waste disposal is technologically sound and economically feasible. It was shown that, mineral technogenic raw materials (wastes from mining, mechanical processing and enrichment of rocks) are used as a concrete, artificial stone and other composite binder’s filler, as non-plastic and fluxing components of ceramics bodies, and even as the main raw material in the production of stone casting. On specific examples, it was considered how a reasonable rocks waste use in the silicate materials production can improve the products properties. Requirements were formulated and criteria for the applicability of stone mining and stone processing waste in the silicate materials production were determined, consideration of which will reduce the hazards and risks associated with the possible presence of technologically harmful and potentially hazardous substances in waste. Knowledge of the using peculiarities wastes from the extraction and processing of the different rocks will allow to optimize technological processes when replacing natural raw materials with technogenic materials. Providing scientific and technical information on the advantages of using waste in the ceramic, glass-crystalline, binders and composite materials production will contribute to the development of resource-saving environmentally friendly technologies, natural resources rational use and increase of industrial enterprises responsibility to society and nature.

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47

Aigbodion, V. S. "Particulate-strengthened of Al–Si alloy/alumino-silicate composite." Materials Science and Engineering: A 460-461 (July 2007): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.148.

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48

Bureewong, Namthip, Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat, and Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat. "Mechanical and thermal properties of NR/XSBR composite reinforced with rice husk silica." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2175, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2175/1/012017.

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Abstract Natural rubber (NR) is a renewable resource that is used in many products. In the production of NR products, other rubbers or fillers may be used to produce a product with required properties. However, most rubbers and fillers are synthetic which are non-environmentally friendly materials. To solve this problem, rice husk ash (RHA) from biomass power plant was used to prepare silica to be used as a filler in rubber by in-situ generation. The purer RHA was prepared by leaching with HCl to remove some metallics and increase silica contents by combustion. The purer RHA was dissolved in NaOH to obtain sodium silicate from RHA (RSS). Carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR) used as synthetic rubber was blended with NR in latex form. NR/XSBR at the ratio of 2:1 was mixed with RSS to obtain NR/XSBR/RSS mixture. Acetic acid was dropped into the mixture until neutral for precipitating silica to obtain NR/XSBR/RSi composite. The mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of NR/XSBR/RSi composites at different contents of silica (5, 10, and 15 phr) were studied. The NR/XSBR/RSi composite with optimum content was compared with NR/XSBR/CSi composite which prepared silica from commercial sodium silicate (CSS) on mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties.

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Volodchenko, A. A., V. M. Vorontsov, and I. A. Cherepanova. "Effective Non-Autoclave Silicate Blocks of Casting Molding Process Based on Unconventional Aluminosilicate Raw Materials." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.55.

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Currently, intensive research is being conducted, both in Russia and abroad, to study the general principles, problems and solutions in the development of effective composite materials for construction purposes. It is shown that it is possible to use unconventional aluminosilicate raw materials represented by clay rocks of the incomplete stage of mineral formation as a raw material for the production of non-autoclaved silicate blocks of casting molding process. These raw materials due to the peculiarities of its material composition actively interact with the cementing component in non-autoclave conditions, with the formation of cementing compounds of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3- H2O system, which provides high physical and mechanical performance of non-autoclave silicate products.

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Karua, Pranto, and Md Arifuzzaman. "Compressive behavior of perlite/sodium silicate composite foam modified by boric acid." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 28, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/755.

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In this work lightweight expanded perlite/sodium silicate composite foams were manufactured with varying quantities of boric acid (BA) 0-2.88 wt.%. The composites were characterized for density, compressive strength (CS), compressive modulus (CM), and energy absorption (EA) up to 50% strain. The compression tests were also conducted at various crosshead speeds to evaluate the strain rate dependency of the foams. The hygroscopic tests were done to evaluate water absorption properties and investigate the effects of water absorption on the compressive properties of the foams. The CS, CM, and EA of the foams increased for a boric acid content of 0.74 wt.%, but further addition of BA caused a gradual decrease in these characteristics. The range of sp. CS (3.80-5.93 MPa/(g/cm3)) achieved were found to be well compatible with the values of building materials in the literature. The foams appeared to be sensitive to the strain rate in compression, causing variations in the compressive properties as well as the trends of stress-strain curves. Furthermore, the addition of BA in the composite reduced water absorption up to a BA content of 1.46 wt.%. The compressive properties were also highly influenced by the hygrometric test.

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