Дисертації з теми "Significations du travail"
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Gauthier, Christine, and Christine Gauthier. "Déterminants et significations des conduites d'hypertravail : une approche psychosociale et systémique- le cas des travailleurs et des travailleuses des secteurs du multimédia et des services informatiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26738.
Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016
Loin de la réduction pressentie du temps de travail et de l’émergence d’une société des loisirs, est plutôt observé, depuis une trentaine d’années, un accroissement du temps consacré au travail pour les travailleurs les plus qualifiés, au Québec comme dans la plupart des sociétés occidentales (Burke et Cooper, 2008; Lapointe, 2005; Lee, 2007). Dans un contexte où les « arrangements temporels » (Thoemmes, 2000) tendent à s’individualiser de façon à mieux prendre en compte les réalités et les besoins des salariés et salariées tout comme ceux des organisations, cette thèse interroge le caractère « volontaire » des conduites d’hypertravail observées chez les travailleurs et les travailleuses des secteurs des services informatiques et du multimédia. Elle s’attarde plus particulièrement aux processus psychosociaux qui sous-tendent la construction de ces conduites. Inscrite au sein d’une approche psychosociale et systémique, notre recherche articule une théorie qui met en résonance les fonctionnements individuel et organisationnel, soutenue par le modèle du Système psychique organisationnel (Aubert et de Gaulejac, 1991), et une théorie de la socialisation plurielle et active, soutenue par le modèle du Système des activités (Baubion-Broye et Hajjar, 1998; Curie, 2000). Opérationnalisée selon une grille articulée autour de cinq niveaux d’analyse (intra-individuel, interpersonnel, positionnel, idéologique et de la tâche et de l’organisation du travail), nous avons mené 34 entretiens biographiques (26 hommes et 8 femmes) auprès de salariés et salariées des secteurs des services informatiques et du multimédia. Les résultats mettent en évidence trois types de processus menant à l’adoption de conduites d’hypertravail ; un cas-type qui illustre un processus de renforcement d’une identité professionnelle de « grand travailleur » ; un cas-type qui rend compte d’un processus de suraffiliation organisationnelle et d’assujettissement de la vie hors-travail; et un cas-type qui expose le maintien d’une conduite d’hypertravail défensive, dans un contexte de mise à l’épreuve organisationnelle. Au final, les résonances particulières observées entre ces niveaux et facteurs nous amènent à souligner l’intérêt de mieux comprendre l’hypertravail en prenant en compte les significations que les individus donnent à leurs conduites, à partir d’un regard diachronique et synchronique. Nous discutons également du caractère dynamique et évolutif de la relation individu-collectif-organisation et du rôle différencié des organisations et des collectifs de travail dans la construction des conduites d’hypertravail. Nous relevons enfin certaines implications des nouvelles pratiques et normes de temps de travail observées dans ces organisations, favorables au développement et au maintien de l’hypertravail. Mots-clés : temps de travail, longues heures de travail, conduites d’hypertravail, articulation travail-vie personnelle, socialisation plurielle et active, domination au travail.
Loin de la réduction pressentie du temps de travail et de l’émergence d’une société des loisirs, est plutôt observé, depuis une trentaine d’années, un accroissement du temps consacré au travail pour les travailleurs les plus qualifiés, au Québec comme dans la plupart des sociétés occidentales (Burke et Cooper, 2008; Lapointe, 2005; Lee, 2007). Dans un contexte où les « arrangements temporels » (Thoemmes, 2000) tendent à s’individualiser de façon à mieux prendre en compte les réalités et les besoins des salariés et salariées tout comme ceux des organisations, cette thèse interroge le caractère « volontaire » des conduites d’hypertravail observées chez les travailleurs et les travailleuses des secteurs des services informatiques et du multimédia. Elle s’attarde plus particulièrement aux processus psychosociaux qui sous-tendent la construction de ces conduites. Inscrite au sein d’une approche psychosociale et systémique, notre recherche articule une théorie qui met en résonance les fonctionnements individuel et organisationnel, soutenue par le modèle du Système psychique organisationnel (Aubert et de Gaulejac, 1991), et une théorie de la socialisation plurielle et active, soutenue par le modèle du Système des activités (Baubion-Broye et Hajjar, 1998; Curie, 2000). Opérationnalisée selon une grille articulée autour de cinq niveaux d’analyse (intra-individuel, interpersonnel, positionnel, idéologique et de la tâche et de l’organisation du travail), nous avons mené 34 entretiens biographiques (26 hommes et 8 femmes) auprès de salariés et salariées des secteurs des services informatiques et du multimédia. Les résultats mettent en évidence trois types de processus menant à l’adoption de conduites d’hypertravail ; un cas-type qui illustre un processus de renforcement d’une identité professionnelle de « grand travailleur » ; un cas-type qui rend compte d’un processus de suraffiliation organisationnelle et d’assujettissement de la vie hors-travail; et un cas-type qui expose le maintien d’une conduite d’hypertravail défensive, dans un contexte de mise à l’épreuve organisationnelle. Au final, les résonances particulières observées entre ces niveaux et facteurs nous amènent à souligner l’intérêt de mieux comprendre l’hypertravail en prenant en compte les significations que les individus donnent à leurs conduites, à partir d’un regard diachronique et synchronique. Nous discutons également du caractère dynamique et évolutif de la relation individu-collectif-organisation et du rôle différencié des organisations et des collectifs de travail dans la construction des conduites d’hypertravail. Nous relevons enfin certaines implications des nouvelles pratiques et normes de temps de travail observées dans ces organisations, favorables au développement et au maintien de l’hypertravail. Mots-clés : temps de travail, longues heures de travail, conduites d’hypertravail, articulation travail-vie personnelle, socialisation plurielle et active, domination au travail.
Far from the anticipated decrease in working time and the emergence of a leisure society, we have instead noted, over the last 30 or so years, an increase in the time devoted to work by the most qualified workers, both in Quebec and in most other Western societies (Burke and Cooper, 2008; Lapointe, 2005; Lee, 2007). In a context where “temporal arrangements” (Thoemmes, 2000) tend to be individualized in order to better take into account the realities and needs of both employees and organizations, this thesis questions the “voluntary” nature of patterns of overwork observed among workers in the data processing and multimedia sectors. It focuses in particular on the psychosocial processes underlying the construction of these behavior patterns. As part of a psychosocial and systemic approach, our research is structured around a theory that resonates with individual and organizational operations, supported by the Psychic organizational system model (Aubert and de Gaulejac, 1991), and a theory of a plural and active socialization, based on the Activities system model (Baubion-Broye and Hajjar, 1998; Curie, 2000). Operationalized according to a grid structured around five levels of analysis (intra-individual, interpersonal, positional, ideological, and task and organization of work), we conducted 34 biographical interviews (26 men and 8 women) among workers from the data processing and multimedia sectors. The results highlight three types of processes leading to the adoption of “hyperwork behaviour”: a case study illustrating a process of reinforcing a professional and “super worker” identity; a case study outlining a process of organizational hyper-affiliation and the subjugation of life outside work; and a case study describing sustained defensive overwork behavior, in a context of organizational trial. Lastly, the particular resonances observed among the levels and factors lead us to underline the importance of better understanding overwork by taking into account, from a diachronic and synchronic perspective, the meanings that individuals give to their behavior. We will also discuss the dynamic and evolving nature of the individual-collective-organizational relationship and of the differentiated role of organizations and work collectives in the construction of hyperwork behaviour. We conclude by highlighting certain implications of new work-time practices and norms that help develop and maintain hyperwork behaviour observed in these organizations. Keywords : working time; overwork; hyperwork behaviour; work/non-work articulation; plural and active socialization, domination at work.
Far from the anticipated decrease in working time and the emergence of a leisure society, we have instead noted, over the last 30 or so years, an increase in the time devoted to work by the most qualified workers, both in Quebec and in most other Western societies (Burke and Cooper, 2008; Lapointe, 2005; Lee, 2007). In a context where “temporal arrangements” (Thoemmes, 2000) tend to be individualized in order to better take into account the realities and needs of both employees and organizations, this thesis questions the “voluntary” nature of patterns of overwork observed among workers in the data processing and multimedia sectors. It focuses in particular on the psychosocial processes underlying the construction of these behavior patterns. As part of a psychosocial and systemic approach, our research is structured around a theory that resonates with individual and organizational operations, supported by the Psychic organizational system model (Aubert and de Gaulejac, 1991), and a theory of a plural and active socialization, based on the Activities system model (Baubion-Broye and Hajjar, 1998; Curie, 2000). Operationalized according to a grid structured around five levels of analysis (intra-individual, interpersonal, positional, ideological, and task and organization of work), we conducted 34 biographical interviews (26 men and 8 women) among workers from the data processing and multimedia sectors. The results highlight three types of processes leading to the adoption of “hyperwork behaviour”: a case study illustrating a process of reinforcing a professional and “super worker” identity; a case study outlining a process of organizational hyper-affiliation and the subjugation of life outside work; and a case study describing sustained defensive overwork behavior, in a context of organizational trial. Lastly, the particular resonances observed among the levels and factors lead us to underline the importance of better understanding overwork by taking into account, from a diachronic and synchronic perspective, the meanings that individuals give to their behavior. We will also discuss the dynamic and evolving nature of the individual-collective-organizational relationship and of the differentiated role of organizations and work collectives in the construction of hyperwork behaviour. We conclude by highlighting certain implications of new work-time practices and norms that help develop and maintain hyperwork behaviour observed in these organizations. Keywords : working time; overwork; hyperwork behaviour; work/non-work articulation; plural and active socialization, domination at work.
Achi, Narcisse Essetchi. "Conduites de formation continue des cadres ivoiriens : rôle des significations du travail et du rapport aux valeurs socioculturelles." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20109.
This research concerns the processes of professional socialization and personalization in a concrete situation of the work transformation and professional transition: it means continuing education. Accordingly, we study the training conducts of Ivorian managers. We consider these conducts as complex and dynamic behaviors, socio-cognitive and conative processes. We join a psychosocial, systemic and constructivist perspective which considers individuals conducts in their professional environments as taking part in an identity and social structures reconstruction. We postulate that the continuing education conducts of ivorian managers do not result only from mechanists influences of the personal and organizational characteristics, but they are directed by work meaning and values processes. An extensive approach by questionnaire allowed to question 108 ivorian managers registered in devices of long-term degree course. The analysis of the results allows describing a plurality of dimensions of ivorian managers training conducts. Results confirm that conducts are partially influenced by socio-biographic, situational and organizational characteristics, and that their variability is explained in particular by the modulating effect of the meanings of work and of the link with socio-cultural values. Beyond their contribution to a better understanding of the processes of socialization and social and individual changes during a phase of psychosocial transition, the results allow to deduce practical recommendations in continuous training policies and development of managers skills, engineering of continuing education of managers in Africa (elaboration and updating of devices and training programs, evaluation of the educational methods and their psychosocial effects, the finer understanding of managers training strategies)
Hoàng, Mai Anh. "Conduites d’appropriation du droit au congé de maternité et de retour au travail chez des travailleuses vietnamiennes : rôle des significations du travail et du soutien social." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU20003.
This research is part of the field of social psychology of work and organizations which is interested in professional socialization and psychosocial transition among female workers. The first part presents the socio-economic context that underlies and signifies the living conditions of new working mothers and the evolution of maternity rights in Vietnam. The 2nd part, summarizes the theories which make it possible to base the model of analysis of the research, which interprets the conduct of return to work as a process of professional / organizational (re)socialization and psychosocial transition. The 3rd part presents our main methodological tools: the interview and the Alceste analysis. In the 4th part, we expose the results of our research and their analysis. From a corpus of life stories of 36 Vietnamese women in the process of maternity, the discursive analysis by Alceste distinguishes four salient themes. The first (47.23% of the statements) relates to women's previous and current work activities in their institutional, organizational and legal contexts. The 2nd theme (i.e. 9.97%) presents the baby's choice of food and the mode of breastfeeding after returning to work. The sources of family support and the feelings of women during thematernity period are brought together in the 3rd theme (i.e. 30.38%). The 4th theme (14.42%) concerns methods of baby care and maternal care. Then, the tri-cross analyzes distinguish the types of return to work behaviors of working mothers according to the characteristics of the subjects, especially the regional characteristic and the status of their organization. Four case studies are presented to illustrate and clarify the procedures for returning to work. The last part is devoted to a theoretical discussion of our results and to a general conclusion with regard to the proposed analysis model
Barrera, Curin Raquel Isabel. "Étude des significations de la multiplication pour différents ensembles de nombres dans un contexte de géométrisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765658.
Roux, Dominic. "Le principe du droit au travail : juridicité, signification et normativité /." Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/511870574.pdf.
Garagnon, Jean. "Faits et significations : travaux de recherche sur la littérature des 17ème et 18ème siècles." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE2013.
A collection of 20 essays published between 1975 and 1990 in various french and overseas journals, ranging from research notes to longer studies of 50, 60 and up to 100 pages. The collection as a whole covers 745 pages. These essays bear on 17th and 18th century french literature. The authors studied include Corneille, Molière, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Prévost, Sade. . . With particular attention to Diderot (6 essays) and Rousseau (4 essays). Volume 1 (290 pages) regroups essays whose main orientation is factual : identification of sources, publication of an unpublished text, elucidation of an allusion, suggested textual correction, genetic studies, datation of a text, authenticity of an edition etc. Volumes II and III (205 and 250 pages respectively) contain essays whose main thrust is hermeneutic, in which it is attempted to reconstruct the world-view, the ethical or metaphysical system, the ideology that underlies a literary work and gives its deep coherence. Volume III, more particularly, concentrates on the ideological preoccupations of the french nobility in the 18th century, as these can be seen in literay works rangins from The Persian letters to utopian works ans to Sades's Aline and Valcour
Gimenes, Guillaume. "Traitement des gestes sans signification en mémoire de travail : Structure, stratégies et optimalisation." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2017.
The objective of this work is to improve knowledge on the treatment of meaningless gestures in working memory. This research is based on five studies divided into three phases: the characterization of the structure dedicated to these stimuli; strategies used spontaneously; and optimization of performance due to induced strategies. Our first two studies show that meaningless gestures are processed by a dedicated working memory component. This component operates like the phonological loop of Baddeley, Allen and Hitch (2011) whilst being distinct from it. The next two studies highlight spontaneous verbalization, which is used in metacognitive judgments of performances, yet without improving the latter. When participants are watching gestures, both verbal and motor encoding could operate at the same time, though without combination of memory traces. The last study shows that the recall of gestures is facilitated by the use of an induced verbal strategy. However, performance is not improved by a gestural strategy. By consequence, a combination of the different memory traces is possible when words match gestures. The discussion of the thesis is structured around an update of Baddeley’s model (Baddeley et al., 2011) by adding a new component called the "motoric loop". As the gestures seem to be particularly prone to context, we are also opening the framework of this research on theories of embodied cognition (Wilson, 2002) and grounded cognition (Barsalou, 2008), as well as the embedded processes model of working memory (Cowan, 2001)
Rivière, Claude. "Interaction du lexique, des marqueurs morphologiques et de la syntaxe dans la construction du sens : recueil de travaux." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070064.
This collection of papers is organized around four main axes: (1) time location, aspect and Aktionsart; (2) modality; (3) transitivity and participant roles (thamatic roles); (4) complex ulterances. The theoretical framework has been evolved by Antoine Culioli, it stresses the role of the speaker ind of speaker-centred operations. The basic tenet is the denial of any clear break between syntax and semantics, and even pragmatics. The aim is to construct a set of metalinguistic operations that simulate the activity of the speakers. The operations link up formal markers (belonging to the fields of morphology, syntax and the lexicon) to the process of construction of the referential value of an utterance. Several of the papers explicity aim to go beyond the domains usually explored by the theory in order to show that certain facts ofsentence structure which might seem purely syntactial can be more adequately described by considering the relationship between meaning and formal markers in the perspective of a speaker-centred theory
Antunes, Lima Francisco P. "Les contraintes au travail et la dimension ethique de l'activité : les valeurs dans l'activité de travail et leur signification pour la transformation ergonomique." Paris, CNAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CNAM0229.
Ergonomics is increasingly concermed with the social characteristics of work. This thesis take up this trend focusing on one under studied dimension: the ethics in the work. It is basede on the key assumption that all social acitivities are value-oriented and guided by norms and rules that, without them, no social life would be possible. Ethics and society are approached as intrinsically linked. This study then examines their interrelations inside the work sphere as this can be understood as "social praxis". Despite work is usually conceived solely as "technical activity", the xway the social actors organise their activities is characterised not only by the existence of socially constructed values but also by their predominance. In this sense, it is possible to suggest that work is an activity guided by values. Drawing on classical ergonomics studies and ou ou own observations, it was revealed some phenomena that show syubtle regulations forms of work activities. These regulation forms involve the set up of values, noms and rules. The way workers build problems to which they must cope, is partly determined by personal moral choices: commitment to particular values (e. G. , quality, quantity, efficacy), acceptance or rejection to hierarchy, solidarity among work colleagues in higher or lesser extent, expectancies in work and private life, etc. Values, norms and rules that influenced the dynmics of the work activities
Mauger, Didier. "Retentissement psychologique de la neurofribromatose de Von Recklinghausen, NF1 : "travail du débordement " et sens de la maladie." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN1334.
Corriveau, Marie-Ève. "La signification du travail des travailleurs handicapés embauchés dans les entreprises adaptées de la Capitale-Nationale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27702.
Tijoux, Maria Emilia. "Le vécu des enfants chiliens issus de milieux défavorisés travaillant dans la région métropolitaine : trajectoires et signification de leur travail." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082506.
Analyzing the child work "packers" of supermarkets, home worker children, and hard-working children of the markets, travelling commercial children, children working as temporary the thesis seeks to include/understand and interpret their lived and to know the significances which they give to work. The conclusions of each one of these fields of work show that these hard-working children live in a world of adults and are struck by deficiencies accumulated in their bodies and their consciences, until making them different from the others. The institutions take part in this phenomenon of naturalization when they justify work like a manner of entering the life. The arguments of social control and ordinance of the children are continuously handled, directly or indirectly. The market for its part gains there much, managing clandestinely, or openly, infantile work at the same time as it sets up as an organizer of the social deficiencies and puts in failure the State
Pajević, Marko. "La poétique de Paul Celan : l'homme et le poème : le travail du sens." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081574.
Salaün, Dominique. "La signification des outils informatiques et le développement de l’action au travail : une étude de cas dans l’ingénierie automobile." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1267.
This activity clinic thesis focuses on the adaptation of information systems to work and addresses the issue of health at work. Information systems are becoming increasingly present everywhere. They often condition the organization of work, and when they are not suitable can hinder work. Redesigning these systems can therefore make it possible for the users to regain control of the situation, thus recovering their power to act.Our intervention in the PSA Group was intended to create such an opportunity. We had to depart from conventional methods in the designing of information systems, by setting up a discussion group of professional users and putting it at the heart of the project. In our analyses, we used an example to demonstrate how the development of action and of its meaning are related.Our research provides new evidence of the importance of empowerment in discussions concerning information system tools to ensure they are better suited to work. From a theoretical standpoint, by adopting the perspectives of historical and cultural psychology this research demonstrates the relationship between meaning and the power to act
Guessab, Slimane. "L'importance et la signification de l'absentéisme chez les ouvriers algériens : le cas de l'entreprise nationale de sidérurgie d'Oran." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR21005.
Hubert, Christine. "Comportement reproducteur de la Buse variable Buteo buteo. Causalité et significations : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30084.
Dieumegard, Gilles. "Possibles significatifs et construction d'assertions garanties en e-formation : contribution à l'étude de l'activité d'apprenants dans un dispositif institutionnel de formation." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0464.
This research is about learners activity in e-learning. It takes part in the “course-of-action” research program, and relies on Dewey’s theory of inquiry. Verbal and behavioural data have been collected, allowing to identify meaningful possible and inquiries conducted in the learners’ activity. A first study was about the activity of four learners during a week, a second study was focused on work sessions of two learners. Results showed that learners activity was de-synchronized : e-learning allowed a temporal flexibility, but limit possibilities for help. Instructors’ prescriptions were structuring : learners interpreted these according to the possible which were meaningful for them. Construction of warranted assertions was essential for learners, particularly to evaluate their activity with regard to the instructors’ requirements. Recommendations for e-learning devices taking in consideration effective autonomy of learners are formulated
Rodriguez, Hugo. "Sémantique et pragmatique de la musique: Une approche cognitive basée sur le travail de Philippe Schlenker et sur les oeuvres de Franz Liszt." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/320810/5/Contrat.pdf.
This PhD aims to build a general theory of the interface between two dimensions of music : its semantic dimension (i.e. the meaningful nature of music) and its pragmatic dimension (i.e. the uses of music in context). The theory is grounded in a naturalistic perspective, at the intersection of three disciplines :philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology and historical musicology. The basic premise is that semantics and pragmatics of music are just particular cases of certain universal norms (i.e. the norm of truth) and certain social-cognitive dispositions of the human being, essentially non specific to what is usually called music, art or æsthetics. The first part outlines the main aspects of the theory, building on the work of linguist and philosopher Philippe Schlenker. We defend two claims :a semantic one and a pragmatic one. The semantic claim is that every musical meaning is indexical. In other words, a musical meaning is the set of possible causes attributed to a formally coherent unit of musical sounds, be they real and/or fictional causes, objective and/or subjective causes, sound producing or not sound producing causes. In any case, these possible causes are entities that are located within the listening context and are “indicated” by the music to the listener (hence the use of the word “indexical”). The entities that have possibly caused the musical sounds are, then, considered to be the true or false indexical content of the music. The pragmatic claim is that communication in music consists in organizing intentionally (including indirectly, at a distance, by means of relevant devices, such as programs, listening technologies, performance places, rites and other conventions, etc.) the relation between the composed and/or performed music and the supposed or effective context where the music would be listened, in order to enhance as much as possible the relevance of the true or false indexical meanings, inferred from the musical listening in this context. In the second part, the two hypotheses are further investigated by focusing on more complex semantico-pragmatic issues. We propose an in-depth analysis of three phenomena : fiction, narration and evocation. This three-part study is based on a detailed analysis of three symphonic poems by Franz Liszt (Hamlet, Tasso and Mazeppa). It is also grounded in the context of a central episode of 19th Century musical life :the quarrel between program music and pure music about the same semantic and pragmatic issues.
Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bui, Thi Hong Thai. "Conduites de socialisation organisationnelle des jeunes diplômées vietnamiennes : rôle de l'autoreprésentation des rôles des femmes, des attentes de rôles professionnels perçues de la part des employeurs et du sens du travail." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832754.
Surin, Serge. "Les travaux préparatoires dans l'interprétation constitutionnelle finaliste des normes : essai de définition, perspective historique d’un débat juridique ancien, signification et effet d’une stratégie interprétative jurisprudentielle en droit constitutionnel." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D054.
Constitutional interpretation has become a recurrent issue in modern world. Since the law is subject to interpretation by anyone (judges, doctrine. ordinary citizens), so that "jurists and ordinary citizens accept and affirm (or doubt and refuse) proposals on what the 'law says' of their nation or their state" (Ronald Dworkin), the question is who, among these various actors, is the most legitimate to affirm a finalist interpretation of the law imposing itself on everyone. At the center of this question is the constitutional judge, the empowered interpreter, his judgments and the criticisms raised by the latter. But the judge's interpretation is sometimes. even often, poorly accepte1 which contributes to the weakening of his authority in a competitive legal system marked by pluralism, bath at the stage of the production procedure and al that of the application of the law. Thus, if the judge has the privilege to judge, he also has the necessary vocation to b in turn judged. This necessity is explained by the fact that "Ali power is wicked as long as it can, [but becomes] wise when it feels judged (Alain). In such a context, the question of methods and tools used by the interpreting judge also becomes central because the latter are scrutinized by everyone, often at the expense of the complex interpretative work of the judge. Among these tools and methods c interpretation used by the judge is the use of preparatory work (Hansard). As the basis of a legal interpretation method, the latter become problematic. Beyond the question of the definition of the concept of preparatory work, it should be raised the questions of the role, fore and value of the latter in constitutional interpretation. Thus, this paper aims to try to give an initial answer to these questions, through general reflection on this interpretation method that has been debated, at least, from the Middle Ages
Bùi, Thị Hồng Thái. "Conduites de socialisation organisationnelle des jeunes diplômées vietnamiennes : rôle de l'autoreprésentation des rôles des femmes, des attentes de rôles professionnels perçues de la part des employeurs et du sens du travail." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20146/document.
This research is in the field of social psychology of work and organizations. It is interested in behavior organizational socialization of graduated Vietnamese young women. Adopting a systemic and constructivist approach, we think each person at work is « an active subject because plural and prospective » in his process of socialization and personalization. In an exploring view, we try to show that the socialization behaviours of young Vietnamese graduated are not only determined by their socio-biographical characteristics and their organizational contexts but also oriented by their psychological activity of meaning of work. After an exploratory investigation by interview, an extensive survey with questionnaire allowed us to inquire 435 young women graduates, from Master of Arts level, in a multiplicity of work spheres. First, the analysis of the results, allows establishing a typology of young Vietnamese graduates. The socio-biographical characteristics of the 4 classes are in significant relationships with the various behaviours of organizational socialization. When analyzing those first results, it seems that socio-economic and cultural context in the transition of labour and employment in Vietnam, stay a « collective determinant » for individual behaviours of workers. In addition, the results show the importance of axiological processes which are involved in the activities of our subjects, including the influence of the meaning of work, on the evaluation process by the subjects of the effects of their work activity. Over the contribution to describe the working behaviours of young graduates Vietnamese, these results provide recommendations both at a theoretical and at a practical level. At the theoretical level, they invited to enrich the notion of « plural subject » in the same professional sphere as literature doesn’t approach yet. Practically, they lead to propose training and professional guidance to make easier the professional insertion of young Vietnamese women and men
Thuộc chuyên ngành Tâm lí học lao động và các tổ chức, luận án này nghiên cứu các hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam. Vận dụng « tiếp cận hệ thống và xây dựng », chúng tôi cho rằng mỗi cá nhân là một « chủ thể tích cực vì sự xã hội hóa đa dạng và hướng đến tương lai » trong quá trình xã hội hóa và cá thể hóa. Trong khuôn khổ một nghiên cứu mở đường, chúng tôi muốn chỉ ra rằng các hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam không chỉ phụ thuộc vào những đặc điểm cá nhân - xã hội và đặc điểm của môi trường lao động mà họ thuộc về, mà chúng còn được định hướng bởi đặc điểm tâm lí của nữ trí thức và ý nghĩa của công việc đối với họ. Từ phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc ban đầu, chúng tôi đã làm điều tra mở rộng bằng bảng hỏi trên 435 khách thể, là những nữ lao động có trình độ từ Đại học trở lên, trong nhiều lĩnh vực nghề nghiệp khác nhau. Các kết quả thu được cho phép thiết lập một hệ thống phân loại các nữ trí thức thành 4 nhóm. Những đặc điểm cá nhân xã hội của 4 nhóm trí thức này có mối quan hệ có ý nghĩa với hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của họ. Từ những phân tích ban đầu, chúng tôi nhận thấy hoàn cảnh kinh tế, xã hội và văn hóa trong sự chuyển đổi lao động và việc làm ở Việt Nam luôn có ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ đến hành vi của người lao động. Bên cạnh đó, các kết quả cũng chỉ ra sự ảnh hưởng của các giá trị cá nhân đến hoạt động của chủ thể, đặc biệt là ảnh hưởng của ý nghĩa của công việc tới cách đánh giá hiệu quả hoạt động của chủ thể. Ngoài những đóng góp vào việc mô tả hành vi nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam, kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho phép chúng tôi đưa ra những kiến nghị cả về mặt lý thuyết lẫn thực tiễn. Về lí thuyết, các kết quả này mở ra việc bổ sung vào khái niệm « chủ thể đa dạng » không chỉ trong mối tương quan với các mặt khác nhau của đời sống là cuộc sống gia đình, cuộc sống nghề nghiệp, cuộc sống cá nhân và cuộc sống xã hội mà người lao động trẻ Việt Nam còn thể hiện là một « chủ thể đa dạng » ngay trong cuộc sống nghề nghiệp khi họ một lúc làm nhiều công việc. Điều này chưa được lý thuyết về xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp đề cập đến. Về mặt thực tiễn, luận án hướng đến những kiến nghị liên quan đến đào tạo và hướng nghiệp để làm thuận lợi quá trình gia nhập vào đời sống nghề nghiệp của giới trẻ Việt Nam
Bùi, Thị Hồng Thái. "Conduites de socialisation organisationnelle des jeunes diplômées vietnamiennes : rôle de l'autoreprésentation des rôles des femmes, des attentes de rôles professionnels perçues de la part des employeurs et du sens du travail." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20146.
This research is in the field of social psychology of work and organizations. It is interested in behavior organizational socialization of graduated Vietnamese young women. Adopting a systemic and constructivist approach, we think each person at work is « an active subject because plural and prospective » in his process of socialization and personalization. In an exploring view, we try to show that the socialization behaviours of young Vietnamese graduated are not only determined by their socio-biographical characteristics and their organizational contexts but also oriented by their psychological activity of meaning of work. After an exploratory investigation by interview, an extensive survey with questionnaire allowed us to inquire 435 young women graduates, from Master of Arts level, in a multiplicity of work spheres. First, the analysis of the results, allows establishing a typology of young Vietnamese graduates. The socio-biographical characteristics of the 4 classes are in significant relationships with the various behaviours of organizational socialization. When analyzing those first results, it seems that socio-economic and cultural context in the transition of labour and employment in Vietnam, stay a « collective determinant » for individual behaviours of workers. In addition, the results show the importance of axiological processes which are involved in the activities of our subjects, including the influence of the meaning of work, on the evaluation process by the subjects of the effects of their work activity. Over the contribution to describe the working behaviours of young graduates Vietnamese, these results provide recommendations both at a theoretical and at a practical level. At the theoretical level, they invited to enrich the notion of « plural subject » in the same professional sphere as literature doesn’t approach yet. Practically, they lead to propose training and professional guidance to make easier the professional insertion of young Vietnamese women and men
Thuộc chuyên ngành Tâm lí học lao động và các tổ chức, luận án này nghiên cứu các hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam. Vận dụng « tiếp cận hệ thống và xây dựng », chúng tôi cho rằng mỗi cá nhân là một « chủ thể tích cực vì sự xã hội hóa đa dạng và hướng đến tương lai » trong quá trình xã hội hóa và cá thể hóa. Trong khuôn khổ một nghiên cứu mở đường, chúng tôi muốn chỉ ra rằng các hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam không chỉ phụ thuộc vào những đặc điểm cá nhân - xã hội và đặc điểm của môi trường lao động mà họ thuộc về, mà chúng còn được định hướng bởi đặc điểm tâm lí của nữ trí thức và ý nghĩa của công việc đối với họ. Từ phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc ban đầu, chúng tôi đã làm điều tra mở rộng bằng bảng hỏi trên 435 khách thể, là những nữ lao động có trình độ từ Đại học trở lên, trong nhiều lĩnh vực nghề nghiệp khác nhau. Các kết quả thu được cho phép thiết lập một hệ thống phân loại các nữ trí thức thành 4 nhóm. Những đặc điểm cá nhân xã hội của 4 nhóm trí thức này có mối quan hệ có ý nghĩa với hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của họ. Từ những phân tích ban đầu, chúng tôi nhận thấy hoàn cảnh kinh tế, xã hội và văn hóa trong sự chuyển đổi lao động và việc làm ở Việt Nam luôn có ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ đến hành vi của người lao động. Bên cạnh đó, các kết quả cũng chỉ ra sự ảnh hưởng của các giá trị cá nhân đến hoạt động của chủ thể, đặc biệt là ảnh hưởng của ý nghĩa của công việc tới cách đánh giá hiệu quả hoạt động của chủ thể. Ngoài những đóng góp vào việc mô tả hành vi nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam, kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho phép chúng tôi đưa ra những kiến nghị cả về mặt lý thuyết lẫn thực tiễn. Về lí thuyết, các kết quả này mở ra việc bổ sung vào khái niệm « chủ thể đa dạng » không chỉ trong mối tương quan với các mặt khác nhau của đời sống là cuộc sống gia đình, cuộc sống nghề nghiệp, cuộc sống cá nhân và cuộc sống xã hội mà người lao động trẻ Việt Nam còn thể hiện là một « chủ thể đa dạng » ngay trong cuộc sống nghề nghiệp khi họ một lúc làm nhiều công việc. Điều này chưa được lý thuyết về xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp đề cập đến. Về mặt thực tiễn, luận án hướng đến những kiến nghị liên quan đến đào tạo và hướng nghiệp để làm thuận lợi quá trình gia nhập vào đời sống nghề nghiệp của giới trẻ Việt Nam
Palomèque, Christina. "Didactique de l'espagnol dans l'enseignement supérieur : analyse d'un dispositif et évaluation des résultats : l'enseignement/apprentissage entre déterminisme et liberté." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12015.
What are the means that need be put in place for the leaming of Spanish for beginner adults in higher education who receive 12, 15 or 20 hours of face-to-face teaching and who will be evaluated at a B2 level of the Common European Framework of Referencefor Languages ? Within the field of Education Sciences, our approach provides a novel insight into knowledge domains and related disciplines that contribute to the empirical dimensions of the dldactIc sItuatIon. The ensuing theoretical joumey of integrating language lessons into an anthropologIcal. perspectIve, fed by phllosophlcal and neurological science principles, opens up the posslblhtIes for pragmatlc practlces. These include the construction of a language "theory" with empirical aims that incorporates a "probabilist model" of the theory. ln so doing, it constitutes a model of reference for leamers / teachers wanting to establish identifiable strategies for actors in the didactic situation. The linguistic dimension of our research is based on the hypothesis that personal meaning produced by a locutor is an integral part of the individual' s vital Space-Time experience. Based on this common vital experience, we put forward a didactic framework, we cali LA.S.T.R.A.S. (LAnguage, Space, Time, Representation, Autonomy, Strategy). The three initial sequences of LA.S.T.R.A.S. set up the link between the new conventions of a foreign language and its target contexts. Our study evaluated this framework. ln encouraging the construction of foreign language leaming, leamers are offered an explicit representation of constraints that constitutes the knowledge domain they seek to acquire in an authentic awareness of their essential freedom as locutors. This "existential paradox of language production" is a lived situation within an institution concemed with the "knowledge domain of living languages"
Brousseau, Sylvain. "La signification de la qualité de vie au travail pour des infirmiers œuvrant en CSSS, mission CLSC et déclarant avoir une qualité de vie positive au travail." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2333.
In the 1990s, health care organizations in Québec underwent sweeping reforms that disrupted the work climate and practices of nurses (Bourbonnais et al., 2000; Pérodeau et al., 2002). These reforms had a negative impact on nurses’ quality of working life (QWL), leading decision makers and researchers to investigate the QWL phenomenon from several perspectives (Delmas, 1999; 2001; Gascon, 2001; O’Brien-Pallas & Baumann, 1992). Most of the studies of this phenomenon were conducted in hospital settings and were based on paradigms of psychological distress (Bourbonnais et al., 1998, 2000) or burn-out (a pathogenic perspective) (Duquette et al., 1995) rather than a health paradigm (a salutogenic perspective) (Gascon, 2001). A salutogenic perspective represents a positive vision of an approach to health (Antonovsky, 1996; Delmas, 2001, Duquette & Delmas, 2002). The scientific literature (Brooks et al., 1996; Ekstrom, 1999; Evans, 2001) suggests that, in addition to living through the same upheavals as their female colleagues, some male nurses also have negative feelings related to sex discrimination, feelings of isolation, and the conflict between masculine values (strength, aggressiveness) and the feminine values (gentleness, flexibility) of the nursing profession. These feelings can only hamper nurses’ QWL, yet they are not mentioned in studies of male nurses (Boughn, 2001; Ekstrom, 1999; Evans, 1997, 2001). The aim of the study, using Giorgi’s (1985, 1997a) descriptive phenomenology as a method, is to describe and understand the significance of phenomena through people’s experiences. The findings were derived from semi-structured individual interviews of 60 to 90 minutes with five male nurses who reported a positive quality of life at work. Data analysis consisted of: collecting the data, reading and rereading the results, dividing the data into meaningful units, organizing and stating the raw data in the language of the discipline and, finally, synthesizing the findings and letting the essence of the phenomena emerge. Watson’s (1988, 2005) human caring philosophy served as a backdrop for the entire process. The analysis of verbatim transcripts revealed eight themes that defined the significance of the quality of working life for male nurses practising in community settings: 1) autonomy in their professional practice; 2) job satisfaction; 3) a healthy workplace setting; 4) relations with the administration characterized by support and respect; 5) caring relationships with other members of the interdisciplinary team; 6) working in partnership with female peers; 7) commitment to clients and their families; and 8) professional work-life balance. The essence of the phenomenon stems directly from the themes that emerged during the interviews; it states that for male nurses working in health and social service centres (CSSSs), as part of CLSCs, working life means “a caring climate that fosters the vitality of male CLSC nurses by trying to maintain a balance between their professional and family lives.” If some of the findings confirm what has been reported in other studies, others have added new information on how to promote the health of male nurses by targeting quality of working life. Concrete avenues are proposed for implementing quality of working life optimization programs.
Bougie, Manon. "La signification du temps supplémentaire obligatoire tel que vécu par des infirmières en centre hospitalier." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17944.
Brousseau, Sylvain. "La signification expérientielle et les facteurs qui influencent la qualité de vie au travail des cadres gestionnaires infirmiers de premier niveau œuvrant en établissements de santé." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13506.
For the past three decades, first-line nurse managers’ daily work has undergone profound changes with respect to the roles they play and their compulsory responsibilities in various health care facilities. First-line nurse managers (FLNMs) are under pressure in regard to their workload; they find that they have little time to suitably accomplish their management work. Few studies address the quality of work life (QWL) of these health care professionals. The sequential and exploratory mixed methods research project is divided into three phases, and explores the QWL of FLNMs, as well as factors that influence FLNMs in various health care facilities in Quebec. Specific goals will : 1) describe and understandthe meaning of QWL according to 14 FLNMs working in the university-affiliated hospital (CHA), 2) describe and understandthe meaning of a lack of QWL among FLNMs in the CHA, 3) develop and validate a new measuring instrument of favourable and unfavourable factors that impact QWL of FLNMs’ within their health and social services network and university health centre (n= 11), 4) identify and measure factors influencing FLNMs’ QWL (n= 291), and 5) determine socio-demographic characteristics that may influence the choice of factors that affect QWL. Inspired from Watson’s Human caring philosophy as a disciplinary perspective, the first qualitative section uses a Husserlian descriptive phenomenological method. Two series of semi-structured interviews, using an interview guide, met the first two goals. The second section targets the development and validation of a measuring instrument that will allow us to meet the research goal. The last section refers to the correlational quantitative method, and it meets the last two goals. In phase one, a visual analysis of the qualitative data (verbatim) yields qualitative results that include five favourable eidos-themes expressed by participants, and are described in order of importance, namely : 1) an update to leadership and policy-making skills to improve health care quality, 2) contextual factors that promote organizational humanization, 3) organizational support to foster personal and socio-professional satisfaction, 4) a learning organization committed to skills development in health care management, and 5) personalized training to meet the specific needs of health care management beginners. The essence of FLNMs’ QWL is defined as the first-line nurse manager’s socio-professional emancipation in his or her clinical-administrative practices within a humanist organization. Three unfavourable eidos-themes emerge from the qualitative analyses. Here are the described results in order of importance : 1) organizational dehumanization, 2) unfavourable conditions in nursing management, and 3) insufficient support for beginner health care managers. The lack of QWL for FLNMs is described as disharmony in the first-line nurse manager’s workplace within a dehumanized organizational structure that jeopardizes his or her clinical and administrative practices. Consequently, comparing these two fundamental aspects of the phenomenon revealed the universal meaning of QWL, and its absence among F-LNMs working in university-affiliated hospitals, as being a dialectic in nursing administration in which humanist practices that allow attainment of a QWL ideal coexist with dehumanizing practices that work against QWL. Inorder to respect the quantitative methods’ principles, the eight eidos-themes emerging from the first phase are changed into favourable factors (FF) or unfavourable factors (UF) for QWL, and are used to carry out the second and third research phases. In the second phase, the theoretical construct based on the eight eidos-themes and twenty-three themes identified by the new measuring tool is unique to the population under consideration. The instrument’s psychometric analysis—a self-administered online questionnaire—obtained an overall Cronbach alpha score (α) of 0.93. This is considered excellent. In the third and last phase, a statistical analyses (SPSS software, version 22 for Windows 7) (2013) of Quebec’s online quantitative survey highlight conclusive results. Results from the online questionnaire, with a five-level ordinal scale, show an overall Cronbach alpha score of 0.95. Quantitative results suggest that QWL favourable factors (FF) have average scores of 3.99 (FF1), 3.97 (FF2), 3.96 (FF3), 3.72 (FF4), and 3.53 (FF5). QWL unfavourable factors (UF) have average scores of 3.91 (UF1), 3.78 (UF2), and 3.56 (UF3). These factors are equivalent to QWL’s favourable and unfavourable eidos-themes found in the qualitative phenomenological section. The quantitative results show some significant connections between socio-demographic characteristics, such as age and years of experience, and the choice of factors that affect QWL In conclusion, a better describing and understanding the meaning of QWL or lack thereof, as well as identifying the most likely factors to influence QWL, enables us to provide recommendations in the fourth areas of nursing practice. Approaches are proposed to maintain the next generation of FLNM job positions in health care organizations, while ensuring resources to suitably maximize FLNMs’ QWL.