Книги з теми "Significant objects"
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1
Attan, Caroline. Significant objects in migrants' experience. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 2002.
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2
Rodríguez, Raúl A. El significado en los objetos sociales. Córdoba: Dirección General de Publicaciones, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 1998.
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3
Goremykin, Sergey. Relay protection and automation of electric power systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook describes the main issues of the theory of relay protection and automation of electric power systems. The structure and functional purpose of protection devices and automation of power transmission lines of various configurations, synchronous generators, power transformers, electric motors and individual electrical installations are considered. For each of the types of protection of the above objects, the structure, the principle of operation, the order of selection of settings are given, the advantages and disadvantages are evaluated, indicating the scope of application. The manual includes material on complete devices based on semiconductor and microprocessor element bases. The progressive use of such devices (protection of the third and fourth generations) is appropriate and effective due to their significant advantages. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students in the areas of training 13.03.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering" (profile "Power supply", discipline "Relay protection and automation of electric power systems") and 35.03.06 "Agroengineering" (profile "Power supply and electrical equipment of agricultural enterprises", discipline "Relay protection of electrical equipment of agricultural objects"), as well as for graduate students and specialists engaged in the field of electrification and automation of industrial and agrotechnical objects.
4
Rocco, Mangieri. Las fronteras del texto: Miradas semióticas y objetos significantes. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2000.
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5
Madar, Heather, ed. Prints as Agents of Global Exchange. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462987906.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The significance of the media and communications revolution occasioned by printmaking was profound. Less a part of the standard narrative of printmaking’s significance is recognition of the frequency with which the widespread dissemination of printed works also occurred beyond the borders of Europe and consideration of the impact of this broader movement of printed objects. Within a decade of the invention of the printing press, European prints began to move globally. Over the course of the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, numerous prints produced in Europe traveled to areas as varied as Turkey, India, Persia, Ethiopia, China, Japan and the Americas, where they were taken by missionaries, artists, travelers, merchants and diplomats. This collection of essays explores the transmission of knowledge, both written and visual, between Europe and the rest of the world by means of prints in the early modern period.
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Duyunov, Vladimir, and Ruslan Zakomoldin. Criminal law impact in the mechanism of ensuring national security. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02045-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph examines the social and legal nature of the category "national security" as a socially significant good, an object of criminal law protection and a general object of crimes. The existence of a specific "sphere of crimes and crime" in public life is substantiated, its general characteristics are given, and the state of crime is analyzed as one of the most dangerous threats to national security in modern conditions. The problem of ensuring national security by criminal law means, the place and role of criminal policy and criminal law in the policy of combating crime and ensuring the national security of Russia are considered. Defines the concept of criminal law impact as a law-mediated reaction of the state to crime and crime, one of the key directions of the policy of combating crime, a comprehensive criminal law institution and one of the elements of the mechanism for ensuring national security. The publication is intended for students, postgraduates, researchers, teachers of law schools, employees of law enforcement agencies and all persons interested in the problems of law and law enforcement.
7
Cabot, Patricia. Significant Objects. Norton & Company, Incorporated, W. W., 2012.
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8
Julia, Ellis, Figueiredo Deirdre, and Craftspace Touring, eds. A Sense of occasion: Significant objects marking diverse contemporary occasions. Birmingham: Craftspace Touring, 2000.
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9
Williamson, Bess. Designing Objects and Spaces. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Design is a little-examined but significant factor in the history of disability, particularly in the context of the modern West. Both designers and users contributed to a history of design that sometimes ignored and sometimes addressed disability. For many modernist designers, the ideal of a “standard” or predictable body was key to a vision of an efficient industrial society, creating a world of objects and spaces that excluded or ignored disabled people. Nonetheless, people with disabilities engaged with design culture in distinctive ways, using and adapting mainstream designs to their own use. In the late twentieth century, the design world took up new goals of improving access, raising new questions about the intentions of designers and the role of users.
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Marušić, Jennifer Smalligan. Berkeley on the Objects of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755685.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the first of the Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, Hylas distinguishes two parts or aspects of every perception, namely a sensation, which is an act of mind, and an object immediately perceived. Hylas concedes that sensations can exist only in a mind, but maintains that the objects immediately perceived have a real existence outside the mind; they are qualities of material objects. This distinction and Philonous’s response to it are the topic of this essay. It considers the implications of this response for understanding Berkeley’s theory of perception and concludes that it supports attributing to Berkeley an object-first theory of perception, according to which it is the special kind of object involved in perception that is philosophically significant.
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Bueno, Otávio. Can Quantum Objects Be Tracked? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636814.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impressively successful at the empirical level and open to multiple interpretations at the theoretical domain, quantum theory provides a rich source of examples of underdetermination. A more promising line of support for realism about quantum mechanics emerges from experimental physics. Some significant experiments have been conducted that prima facie seem to lead to very natural realist readings. The author first considers the challenge these experiments seem to raise to current forms of empiricism, particularly constructive empiricism. Three arguments are examined: the experiments challenge an important form of underdetermination employed by empiricists; the nature of quantum particles, in particular their identity and individuality, seems unproblematic in the context of these experiments, and the experiments provide an unprecedented form of access to the quantum particles involved. The discussion of an empiricist response to these three arguments is shaped by questions regarding the identity, individuality, and individuation of quantum particles in experimental contexts.
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Canevaro, Lilah Grace. Women of Substance in Homeric Epic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826309.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Women in Greek epic are treated as objects, as commodities to be exchanged in marriage or as the spoils of warfare. However, women also use objects to negotiate their own agency, subverting the male viewpoint by using the very form they themselves are thought by men to embody. Female objects in Homer can be symbolically significant and powerfully characterizing. They can be tools of recognition and identification. They can pause narrative and be used agonistically. They can send messages and be vessels for memory. This book brings together Gender Theory and the burgeoning field of New Materialisms, combining an approach predicated on the idea of the woman as object with one which questions the very distinction between subject and object. This productive tension leads us to decentre the male subject—and to put centre stage not only the woman as object but also the agency of women and objects. Homeric women are shown to be not only objectified but also well-versed users of objects. This is something that Homer portrays clearly, that Odysseus understands—but that has often escaped many other men, from Odysseus’ alter ego Aethon in Odyssey 19 to modern experts on Homeric epic.
13
Marquardt-Cherry, Jan. Objects of personal significance. ExhibitsUSA, Mid-America Arts Alliance, 1996.
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14
Benevich, Fedor. The Reality of the Non-Existent Object of Thought. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827030.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most widespread claims combining epistemology and metaphysics in post-Avicennian Islamic philosophy was that every object of thought is real. In Muʿtazilite reading, it was endorsed due to a theory of knowledge which states that knowledge is a connection or relation between the knower and the object known. Avicennists accepted it due to the rule that in a proposition “s is p” if p is something positive s has to be positive and real too. Hence, insofar as one can conceptually distinguish between two non-existent items, they have to be real. In this article, the author presents significant consequences of this theory: the acceptance and denial of non-existent yet real extramental objects; the concept of mental existence as an alternative solution; the conceivability of paraconsistent ideas and their reality or reducibility to some real objects.
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MacBride, Fraser. Structuralism Reconsidered. Edited by Stewart Shapiro. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0018.
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The properties and relations that perform a role in mathematical reasoning arise from the basic relations that obtain among mathematical objects. It is in terms of these basic relations that mathematicians identify the objects they intend to study. The way in which mathematicians identify these objects has led some philosophers to draw metaphysical conclusions about their nature. These philosophers have been led to claim that mathematical objects are positions in structures or akin to positions in patterns. This article retraces their route from (relatively uncontroversial) facts about the identification of mathematical objects to high metaphysical conclusions. Beginning with the natural numbers, how are they identified? The mathematically significant properties and relations of natural numbers arise from the successor function that orders them; the natural numbers are identified simply as the objects that answer to this basic function. But the relations (or functions) that are used to identify a class of mathematical objects may often be defined over what appear to be different kinds of objects.
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Higginbotham, James. Languages and Idiolects: Their Language and Ours. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An idiolectal conception of language is compatible with a substantive role for external things — objects, including other people — in the characterization of idiolects. Illustrations of this role are not hard to come by. The point of looking outward from the individual is pretty evident for the case of reference to perceptually encountered objects: had the world been significantly different, a person with the same molecular history would have acquired, and called by the same familiar names, different physical and other concepts. An idiolectal conception of language is by no means committed, and has some reason to be opposed, to internalism, and to individualism in Burge's sense; that is, to the view that the organization of the body, abstracting from external things, is constitutive of any linguistically significant aspect of language.
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Kosick, Rebecca. Material Poetics in Hemispheric America. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474474603.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Material Poetics in Hemispheric America examines poets and artists in the Americas during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries to show how they worked to make language into material objects and material objects into language. It builds a theory of ‘material poetics’ that provides an alternative account of poetry in hemispheric America. It argues that by reframing American poetry to prominently include object-oriented practices within and beyond the United States, material poetry can be seen as representing a significant branch of the American poetic tradition. This book puts contemporary theories of objects and matter into conversation with a variety of American approaches to material poetics. These approaches result in one-word poems more concerned with the look of language than its meaning, artworks that invite viewers to physically engage with language, poems assembled from networks of out-of-place words and things, poetic monuments that meditate on (and take up) space, and poetry that attempts to materialise the remnants of lyrics and lives. By examining five case studies, drawn from Brazil, Chile, the United States, and Canada, it investigates five ways of conceptualizing these poetic objects—as autonomous, relational, assembled, architectural, and posthuman. Poets and artists featured include Haroldo de Campos, Décio Pignatari, Augusto de Campos, Ferreira Gullar, Hélio Oiticica, Lygia Pape, Juan Luis Martínez, Ronald Johnson, and Anne Carson.
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Bailey, Doug. Southeast European Neolithic Figurines. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses the diverse approaches to fired clay figurines from the Neolithic of southeastern Europe (6500–3500 bp) and suggests that although significant progress has been made in recent work, there remain significant limitations to our understanding of how these objects were used and what they meant to people in the Neolithic. Critical discussion focuses on the most significant (even if misguided) approaches: archaeomythology, cult, and religion; fragmentation and breakage; corporeality and materiality; communication; identity, status, and social structure; and formal description and comparison. The chapter concludes with a radical proposal: an art/archaeology approach that disarticulates the figurines from their original prehistoric contexts, uses, and meanings, and exploits them to make new evocative work.
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Hayes, Carol, and Joshua Glenn. Taking Things Seriously: 75 Objects with Unexpected Significance. Princeton Architectural Press, 2007.
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20
Crowther, Thomas, and Clare Mac Cumhaill, eds. Perceptual Ephemera. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722304.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most research in philosophy of perception has focused on the perceptual experience of three-dimensional, solid, bounded, and coherent material objects. But we also perceive such things as rainbows, reflections, sounds, and stuff; things that are ‘ephemeral’ in the sense that they can be contrasted, in particular respects, with material objects. This book collects together fourteen new essays on the perceptual experience of ‘ephemera’. A substantive introduction by the editors provides a detailed introduction to the topic as a whole, setting out the background to this emerging area of research in contemporary philosophy of perception. This volume attempts to demonstrate that perceptual ephemera are of significant philosophical interest in their own right, and that research on ephemera provides an original route to a more developed understanding of the perceptual experience of material objects and their properties.
21
Jane Austens Possessions And Dispossessions The Significance Of Objects. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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22
Things Japanese: Everyday Objects of Exceptional Beauty and Significance. Tuttle Publishing, 2014.
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23
Pearce, Kenneth L. Assent and Truth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790334.003.0009.
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Berkeley’s contemporary Peter Browne objected that, on Berkeley’s philosophy of language, “Words may be Significant, tho’ they signify Nothing” with the result that “all Faith would terminate in the Ear.” The key problem for Berkeley is that even given an adequate theory of reference it is unclear, in the absence of ideas, how words can be put together into truth-evaluable propositions which are possible objects of belief. This chapter argues that Berkeley endorses a dispositional theory of assent (belief) which takes a believer to be a follower of certain rules. This theory of assent is combined with a radical holism about truth. Although true belief does involve a sort of fit with reality, this fit must be understood as involving feelings and actions and not only ideas.
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Rodriguez, Raul A. El significado en los objetos sociales. Direccion General de Publicaciones, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, 1996.
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25
Friedrichs, Werner, and Sebastian Hamm, eds. Zurück zu den Dingen! Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845298023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objects which surround us are more significant than just being objects. They are interwoven within a network of practices, inscriptions, iconographies, references and constellations. Only by means of and together with objects do we become what we are. This fact is widely ignored when educational processes are didactically designed. Instead, political education is still based on a representative relationship which keeps objects at bay in a passive state. In this way, however, the constitution of political subjectivity in the network of social materiality—political education—remains confined to the concept of a purely cognitive development. To meet the challenges of our present time, political education should no longer be schematised within the framework of didactically prepared knowledge building. Political education also has to be contrived as a performative statement of democratic subjectivity in the network of social and political materiality. With contributions by Iris Clemens & Christian Heilig | Roger Häußling | Alfred Schäfer | Sören Torrau | Martin Repohl | Nikolaus Lehner | Simon Clemens & Marco Schmandt | Adrianna Hlukhovych | Hakan Gürses | Armin Scherb | Werner Friedrichs | Carsten Bünger & Kerstin Jergus | Gustav Roßler | David Salomon | Sönke Ahrens | Markus Gloe & Frederik Achatz | Moritz Frischkorn | Sven Rößler | Olaf Sanders | Kerstin Meißner | Nico Wangler
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Pouillaude, Frédéric. The Supporting Trace: Images and Scores. Translated by Anna Pakes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199314645.003.0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores the modalities of work survival dependent on material traces. These traces linger in the form of fragments of pottery, inscriptions, photos, films, and also scores. The function of museums and libraries is to preserve these trace-objects and make them accessible. There is significant research to do analyzing the role of such institutions within the choreographic field and explaining the likely specificity of the dance archive. Here the chapter mentions only the significance of the project begun by Rolf de Maré during the 1930s. This project was called the “Archives Internationales de la Danse.” The chapter puts aside the general question of the dance archive and its institutional management to focus solely on the different types of restaging, revival, and reconstruction that it makes possible.
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Strauss, Marc Raymond. Hitchcock's Objects As Subjects: The Significance of Things on Screen. McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers, 2015.
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28
Humphreys, Paul. Causation and Reduction. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When considering the relations between causation and reduction one must distinguish between, on the one hand, issues about how causation operates within and between systems that stand in various reductive relations to one another; and on the other hand, issues concerning whether causation itself is amenable to a reductive treatment. These two issues are intertwined and each must be treated with sympathy for the other. There are two basic types of reduction. Ontological reduction concerns reductive relations between the objects themselves whereas linguistic or conceptual reduction deals with reductive relations between our representations of those objects. For the great majority of the last century, both causation and reduction were treated linguistically or conceptually, but in recent years there has been a significant shift towards directly ontological treatments of each.
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Champion, Timothy. Britain before the Romans. Edited by Martin Millett, Louise Revell, and Alison Moore. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.010.
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Much of Britain saw significant changes in the later part of the first millennium bc, particularly in the south-east. Widespread but regionally varied changes in settlement organization resulted in the emergence of new types of sites, some of which have been termed oppida. Changes included the reappearance of gold, the adoption of wheel-turned pottery, new styles of clothes fastening, and cremation burial from Late La Tène Gaul. The burial tradition included a small number of richly furnished burials. Imports of Roman origin were transmitted through Gaulish intermediaries. After Caesar’s expeditions to Britain, the influence of Rome was much more marked and imports increased. Contacts between Britain and Rome may have included formal recognition of some rulers as client kings. Evidence suggests a limited knowledge of literacy and Latin, but the cultural significance of many Roman objects is often unclear.
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Allason-Jones, Lindsay. Roman Military Culture. Edited by Martin Millett, Louise Revell, and Alison Moore. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A significant proportion of the people who lived in Roman Britain were linked to the military either as soldiers, dependants or suppliers. Did the objects these people used in their daily lives identify them as being from a military milieu? How did the Roman soldiers’ armour and weapons differ from those of the Britons? This chapter investigates the assemblages of artefacts found on military sites, discusses how they got there and what they tell us about war and peace in Roman Britain.
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Marc, Weller. Part II Group Identity, Self-Determination, and Relations with States, Ch.5 Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples: Articles 3, 4, 5, 18, 23, and 46(1). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673223.003.0006.
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This chapter studies Articles 3, 4, 5, 18, 23, and 46(1) of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). The debate about the right to self-determination for indigenous peoples, and its provisional conclusion through the adoption of the Declaration, represents a very significant step in the development of concepts of international legal personality. First, the change in terminology from ‘populations’ to ‘people’ marks the emergence of indigenous peoples as subjects, rather than objects of international law. Second, there was the possibility of drawing on existing international legal language in relation to a safeguard clause, which was eventually adopted in line with the General Assembly's vulnerable Friendly Relations resolution. Without the adoption of this clause, it is unlikely that the Declaration could have been adopted with a significant majority, if at all.
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Formisano, Marco, and Christina Shuttleworth Kraus, eds. Marginality, Canonicity, Passion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818489.001.0001.
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In recent years the discipline of classics has been experiencing a profound transformation, which affects not only methodologies and hermeneutic practices (i.e. how classicists read and interpret ancient literature) but also, and more importantly, the objects of study themselves (i.e. what they read and interpret). One of the most important factors has been the establishment of reception studies. The reception of classical literature and culture in later ages and/or in non-western cultures considerably expands the field. This temporal and cultural expansion has had many salutary effects. But reception studies has focused almost exclusively on the most canonical Greek and Latin texts, not only because they are valued per se but also because they have been received, rewritten, adapted, discussed, and alluded to on such a scale as to discourage discussion of other ancient texts, which were rarely or never the objects of significant reception. By definition, reception studies is uninterested in texts that have had no ‘success’ and thus, implicitly adopting canonicity as an unspoken criterion, it de facto marginalizes those ancient texts that were not blessed with a significant Nachleben. This volume is not a discussion of what is central, what is marginal, and why. Nor are we interested in exploring the powerful and complex connections between canonicity and, say, religion, politics, and power more generally. Rather, this volume aims at unveiling the many subtle implications of canonicity and marginality within the discipline, both at a theoretical and at a practical level.
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Dodds, Klaus. 5. Geopolitics and objects. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199676781.003.0005.
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‘Geopolitics and objects’ explores the role and significance of objects in geopolitics. Geopolitical imaginations and practices are embedded and emboldened by their relationship to a vast array of things ranging from the flag, the pipeline, the map, the gun, waste, and even toys such as action men dolls. The pipeline as an object has been enormously productive of global energy geopolitics, but also indigenous geopolitics. Maps play an important role in the making of geopolitics, which exceeds their practical value in terms of locating places and helping users navigate more generally. Flags are powerful; they can be objects of geopolitical hate, strong accomplices to nation-state formation and national identity politics, and capable of being enrolled in counter-geopolitics.
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Sobre la libertad: La teoría de la subjetividad. USA: www.ramoncasares.com, 2012.
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Chen, Adam, and James L. L. Chen. A Guide to Hubble Space Telescope Objects: Their Selection, Location, and Significance. Springer, 2015.
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36
Fisher, John A. Environmental Aesthetics. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0039.
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The rapid growth of concern for the natural environment over the last third of the twentieth century has brought the welcome reintroduction of nature as a significant topic in aesthetics. In virtue of transforming previous attitudes towards nature, environmentalist thinking has posed questions about how we conceptualize our aesthetic interactions with nature, the aesthetic value of nature, and the status of art about nature. Although environmental concerns have undoubtedly motivated the new aesthetic interest in nature, the term ‘environmental aesthetics’ connotes two overlapping but distinct themes, one emphasizing the aesthetics of nature as understood by environmentalism, the second focusing on the notion of environments of all sorts as objects of appreciation.
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Bailey, Doug. Incomplete. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.003.0008.
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Holes are paradoxes of visual culture and human behavior. Difficult to define, alive with consequence, holes affect behavior in significant ways. This chapter examines holes as slippery, elusive, material, always absent, and as parasites (to surfaces). Starting with the author’s excavation of 8,000-year-old pit-houses from the Neolithic site at Măgura (Romania), this chapter investigates the complexities of holes and surfaces as philosophic entities, and then examines the cutting work of the late twentieth-century artist Gordon Matta-Clark. The approach taken is to juxtapose otherwise disparate examples and analyses from within archaeology, art, and beyond. Though immaterial objects, holes have relations and properties. They disrupt at subconscious levels, altering understandings of our place(s) in the world, and our relations with other people, objects, and institutions. By unpacking and closely redefining holes, one gains new perspectives and analytic tools for the study of human behavior, and the traces it leaves behind, that are applicable across the humanities and social sciences, from archaeology to art history, from anthropology to design and material culture studies.
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Shaw-Miller, Simon. Object and Idea. Edited by Yael Kaduri. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841547.013.45.
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This chapter concentrates on the strain of modernism that flows from the work of French artist Marcel Duchamp and its relationship to ideas of music. While the significance of music as a paradigm for the development of “purist” modernism is well known—it is an ideology best encapsulated in the writing of Clement Greenberg, the development of abstraction in art, and is based on the model of musical meaning that was consequent on the concept of “absolute music”—what is less well known is the significance of music for the strain of modernism that came through Duchamp, forming a hybrid conceptual alternative to purism. It is argued that the idea of the readymade is consistent with idea of music as more than just sound, as a discursive practice, and that this “extra-musical” conception of music (as counterpoise to absolute music) provides a lineage linking Duchamp to Paik to Marclay.
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Cheng, Anne Anlin. Ornament and Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0014.
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Who constitute “natural persons”? How do we move from a biological person to a legal standing? And what does a superficial, minor, and feminized category like the ornament have to do with these large questions? This chapter introduces a case that is little known but arguably one of the most significant habeas corpus cases in the nineteenth century in order to track the surprisingly critical role that racialized and feminized objects played in forming juridical ideas of natural and unnatural persons, legal and illegal subjects, citizenship and criminality. What this case reveals about how a body comes to be legally discernible holds profound implications and challenges for how we conceptualize citizenship and civil rights today.
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Huxtable, Michael, and Ronan O'Donnell. Medieval Colour. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.57.
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As well as being a highly significant and potentially symbolic phenomenon in medieval visual culture, colour was a serious topic for the learned concerned with its physical nature and means of perception. This article discusses the relationship between philosophical and theoretical understandings of colour and the use of colour in objects which survive in the archaeological record. In order to do this four classes of artefact are used as case-studies, namely: wall-paintings, clothing, illuminated manuscripts, and ceramics. It is clear that while use of colour was always contextual and informed by practical matters such as cost of dyestuffs medieval colour theories played an important role in everyday use of colour.
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DeLucia, Patricia R. Three-Dimensional Müller-Lyer Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0015.
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Since its introduction in 1889, the Müller-Lyer illusion has incited numerous studies and explanations. Most rely on two-dimensional stimuli such as line drawings, subject to the criticism that illusions are restricted to impoverished, artificial stimuli and have little relevance to understanding of ordinary perception. The three-dimensional Müller-Lyer illusion occurs with familiar solid objects and moving observers and has been used to evaluate misapplied constancy theories, perception–action dissociations, and level of processing. The occurrence of illusions in real-world contexts, and in two-dimensional displays upon which people rely increasingly, makes them essential to understand and predict. The three-dimensional Müller-Lyer illusion has significant theoretical and practical implications and continues to be an important concern for visual science.
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Wynne-Jones, Stephanie. A Material Culture. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759317.001.0001.
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A Material Culture focuses on objects in Swahili society through the elaboration of an approach that sees both people and things as caught up in webs of mutual interaction. It therefore provides both a new theoretical intervention in some of the key themes in material culture studies, including the agency of objects and the ways they were linked to social identities, through the development of the notion of a biography of practice. These theoretical discussions are explored through the archaeology of the Swahili, on the Indian Ocean coast of eastern Africa. This coast was home to a series of "stonetowns" (containing coral architecture) from the ninth century AD onwards, of which Kilwa Kisiwani is the most famous, considered here in regional context. These stonetowns were deeply involved in maritime trade, carried out among a diverse, Islamic population. This book suggests that the Swahili are a highly-significant case study for exploration of the relationship between objects and people in the past, as the society was constituted and defined through a particular material setting. Further, it is suggested that this relationship was subtly different than in other areas, and particularly from western models that dominate prevailing analysis. The case is made for an alternative form of materiality, perhaps common to the wider Indian Ocean world, with an emphasis on redistribution and circulation rather than on the accumulation of wealth. The reader will therefore gain familiarity with a little-known and fascinating culture, as well as appreciating the ways that non-western examples can add to our theoretical models.
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Insoll, Timothy. Miniature Possibilities? An Introduction to the Varied Dimensions of Figurine Research. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.001.
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Prehistoric figurines are complex entities. Figurine definition and ‘meaning’ is variable, but critical is the realization that figurines require interpretation, not just description. Multiple meanings were probably ascribed to prehistoric figurines, and exploring this demands attention to figurine context. Figurine materiality is also diverse. They attest to human technical ingenuity and were also part of much larger material worlds. A shift beyond defining figurines in simplistic male and female terms is also apparent with figurines potentially representing gender, sex, age, bodies, personhood, and ontology. Ideal persons or essences or qualities of persons might be created through figurines with miniaturization perhaps significant as an agent for exploring material reality. Figurines could also have been considered as powerful, whole or in fragments, and as objects subject to manipulation and utilized in performance.
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French, Derek, Stephen W. Mayson, and Christopher L. Ryan. 3. Articles of Association. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198778301.003.0003.
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This chapter deals with articles of association, the principal element of a company’s constitution, under the Companies Act 2006. It describes the content of the articles, model articles of association which can be adopted by limited companies (either in whole or in part) on registration, and the function of articles as a contract between the company and its members and between the members themselves. It also considers provisions of articles that may be incorporated in other contracts, the right of members of a company to amend its articles, and provision allowing a company to restrict its objects. The chapter discusses a number of particularly significant court cases, including Allen v Gold Reefs of West Africa Ltd [1900] 1 Ch 656 and Quin and Axtens Ltd v Salmon [1909] AC 442.
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Egyptian Predynastic Anthropomorphic Objects: A study of their function and significance in Predynastic burial customs. Archaeopress Access Archaeology, 2018.
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Crowther, Thomas. Processes as Continuants and Process as Stuff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777991.003.0004.
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Some writers have argued that processes are ‘continuants’; that they persist over time in the way that concrete material objects do on an endurantist ontology. The first part of the chapter attempts to show that these arguments should be resisted. The second part of the chapter develops the idea that there is a philosophically significant analogy between process and space-filling stuffs. According to this analogy, process can be understood as a kind of ‘temporal stuff’. The chapter responds to arguments against this analogy and goes on to argue that an understanding of the analogy with space-filling stuff is central to a grasp of why processes are not continuants. The final part of the chapter, again drawing on this analogy, goes on to develop the idea that processes occupy time by ‘occurrent renewal’ over periods of time.
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Chignell, Andrew. Can’t Kant Cognize Himself? Or, a Problem for (Almost) Every Interpretation of the Refutation of Idealism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724957.003.0008.
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Kant seems to think of our own mental states or representations as the primary objects of inner sense. But does he think that these states also inhere in something? And, if so, is that something an empirical substance that is also cognized in inner sense? This chapter provides textual and philosophical grounds for thinking that, although Kant may agree with Hume that the self is not ‘given’ in inner sense exactly, he does think of the self as cognized through inner sense. It is also argued that he both does and ought to regard this self as an empirical substance in which our changing representations inhere. In the second part of the chapter it is suggested that, if this is correct, it poses a significant problem for most of the leading interpretations of Kant’s anti-sceptical argument in the Refutation of Idealism.
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Randles, Sarah. Signs of Emotion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802648.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on the surviving pilgrimage tokens from the Cathedral of Notre-Dame of Chartres, together with those known from documentary sources. It presents evidence for the ways in which such tokens were produced, sold, handled, worn, used to heal or protect, kept, donated, or ritually discarded. The uses of these small but powerful objects provide significant evidence for their ability to produce and regulate the emotional states of the people who used them, and demonstrate that their emotional value, based in both belief in the supernatural virtues of the tokens and their ability to evoke memory, could far exceed their monetary cost. By standing in for the Virgin Mary or St Lubin and transmitting their power, pilgrimage tokens could be used to alleviate fear, represent gratitude, or demonstrate pride in personal or regional identity.
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Hurlbert, Anya. The Chromatic Mach Card. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0049.
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The object colors that we see are constructed by the visual brain and may therefore be significantly influenced by other visual attributes we perceive the object to possess. This chapter describes an illusion that illustrates one such interdependence between perceived object shape and color. The Chromatic Mach Card is a folded concave card, one side painted white and the other magenta. When the card is perceived in inverted depth, or convex, the pinkish reflections cast by the magenta side onto the white side appear deeper in saturation and painted thereon. Like the nineteenth-century Mach Card that inspired it, the chromatic Mach Card demonstrates that the apparent surface reflectance properties of objects—and, hence, their colors—are inextricably linked to the perception of 3D shape and scene configuration via the visual brain’s inbuilt knowledge of the physics of mutual reflection.
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Caraher, William R., Thomas W. Davis, and David K. Pettegrew, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199369041.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Archaeology brings together significant work by leading scholars of the archaeology of early Christianity in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions. The thirty-four contributions to this volume ground the history, culture, and society of the first seven centuries of Christianity in archaeological method, theory, and research. Collectively the essays emphasize the link between fieldwork, archaeological methods, and regional and national traditions in constructing our knowledge of the early church, Christian communities, and the context of the ancient Mediterranean. An introductory essay provides historical and chronological perspectives on the archaeology of the early Christian world. This is followed by two chapters on the archaeology of the earliest Christ followers, and a series of topical treatments that focus on significant types of objects common to Christian contexts, such as ceramics, lamps, and icons,and monuments and contexts ranging from Christian churches to martyria, catacombs, and baths. Finally, the volume locates the archaeology of the early Christian world in a series of regional studies stretching from Britain to Persia. These regional studies situate the archaeology of early Christianity in historical contexts shaped by ancient geography and modern national archaeological traditions. The thorough, carefully researched, and fully referenced essays offer the most intensive, state-of-the-art treatment of recent research into the archaeology of early Christianity currently available.