Дисертації з теми "Signature de l'eau de mer"
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Aquila, Quentin. "Explorer la géochimie des océans archéens avec les Formations de fer rubanées (BIF) : apport des compositions isotopiques Hf-Nd-Pb." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0054.
Повний текст джерелаThe Banded Iron Formations (BIF) are unique sedimentary archives for studying the primitive oceans of the Archean. However, the environment of formation and the mechanisms involved in the formation of these iron- and silicon-rich chemical sediments are poorly constrained. The BIFs have been little studied for their Nd-Hf isotopic compositions, although they could provide new constraints on the hydrothermal and continental sources feeding the ancient oceans. To better constrain the BIFs environment of formation, I combined field observations with a petro-geochemical study on a sedimentary succession from the Barberton belt (3.25 Ga, South Africa). The deposition model of the Barberton BIFs involves a deep depositional environment, at the base of a slope and distal from the continent. This environment is occasionally disturbed by gravity-driven terrigenous deposits (mafic) characteristics of a deep-sea fan system. I evaluated whether the seawater geochemical signature (REE+Y, low HFSE) indicated the preservation of the primary Hf-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions in a BIF from the Isua belt (3.7 Ga, Greenland). The Isua BIF shows post-depositional disturbances in the Hf-Nd isotopic compositions attributed to the presence of secondary apatites. However, it preserved a 207Pb-206Pb age of 3810 ± 7 Ma inherited from detrital zircons. Therefore, the REE+Y spectrum typical of seawater does not guarantee the preservation of the primary Hf-Nd isotopic compositions of seawater, nor the absence of any terrigenous contamination. Finally, I explored the origin and source of Nd and Hf in the BIFs at the scale of the bands on samples from the Témagami belt (2.7 Ga, Canada). The initial Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of the Si-rich bands of the Témagami BIFs show a decoupling of the two isotopic systems. Conversely, those of the Fe-rich bands remain coupled in Nd-Hf. The Si-rich bands record a radiogenic Hf isotopic composition originating from the weathering waters of felsic continents. Conversely, the Hf and Nd in the Fe-rich bands could mainly originate from submarine hydrothermalism
BEAUCHAMPS, PAUL. "Pathologie de l'eau de mer." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20139.
Повний текст джерелаKinzel, Klaus Peter. "Procédé électrocatalytique de désoxygénation de l'eau de mer." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL104N.
Повний текст джерелаSene, Assane. "Désalinisation de l'eau de mer par des méthodes capacitives." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30100.
Повний текст джерелаRecently, a desalination technique based on porous carbon has been reported, merging together desalination process with electrochemical energy storage. Thanks to this new strategy, an important step forward, respect to other water desalination technologies, has been achieved. The principle is based on the capacitive adsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the pores of a porous activated carbon, constituting the active material of an electrochemical double layer capacitor electrode. Differently from conventional EDLC, the active material is made in the present case as slurries flowed through an electrochemical cell to achieve a continuous desalination of seat water; such system has been named Electrochemical Flow Capacitor (ELC). We first studied the different components of the electrochemical cell, from solvent / solute interactions to the structure of the carbons used as electrode materials. These studies were done using a conventional supercapacitor assembly, i.e. a cell in which the two porous carbon electrodes (anode and cathode) are implemented as a film. We characterized a desalinization cell using different type of electrodes using the [FeIII(CN)6]3- / [FeII(CN)6]4- redox couple as an electrochemical probe. Our approach allowed to define a dimensionless number teta, which is proportional to the flow rate and inversely proportional to the potential scan rate, giving a guideline to sort out different operating regimes in the flow cell. Two operating regimes have been evidenced: a permanent regime for teta > 45, allowing for higher and efficient charge adsorption, and a non-permanent domain for teta < 45. Finally, we proceeded to the formulation of carbon suspensions. We studied the rheology and the electrochemical properties of the suspensions according to the composition in order to determine the best suspension composition to use for our cell operating in EFC mode
Crovisier, Jean-Louis. "Dissolution des verres basaltiques dans l'eau de mer et dans l'eau douce : essai de modélisation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13122.
Повний текст джерелаTexsier-Pauleau, Marie-Hélène. "L'eau et la mer dans les oeuvres de Marguerite Duras." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040165.
Повний текст джерелаWater and sea appear in the works of M. Duras as permanent elements of the background. The landscape may change with the climate, the place or the season but it always includes sea or stream. In various forms, water overruns the narrative area and influences the style, from the rhythm to the vocabulary. Running water plays also an important part in the progress of plots; it guides characters through the decisive steps of their life, conveys their frame of mind and reflects their social behavior. But reality occurs to be a source of disenchantment and characters shelter in a symbolic world which aims to restore the lost Eden. The aquatic life, original and timeless, offers them a model to express their ideal. So, the evocation of the sea displays a spiritual desire and gives a poetical dimension to the texts, it is the most typical sign of the writer's imagery
Morin, Sophie. "Etude de la floculation de l'eau thermale de Rochefort-sur-Mer (nouveau forage)." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2PE92.
Повний текст джерелаMai, Tran Thi Tuyet. "Etude du comportement électrochimique d'un acier de construction navale dans l'eau de mer." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0142.
Повний текст джерелаPlatzer, Florestan. "Etude de la signature radar de la surface de la mer en incidence rasante." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0006.
Повний текст джерелаThis work proposes an analysis of the sea radar echo through the processing of a database resulting from measurement campaigns in the coastal zone. The analysis of the amplitude of the backscattered wave shows that it follows a two-scale model, a combination of two components called texture and speckle. The texture component captures the variations in backscattered power associated with large waves, while the speckle component characterizes rapid phase variations. A Doppler processing then highlights the relationship between sea spikes (localized events with strong backscattering) and high Doppler velocities (fast scatterers). The lowfrequency component present on the 2D spectra of the time-distance maps of backscattered power, called "group line", is then modelled. It appears that, contrary to a common assumption, wave breaking is not the main cause of the presence of the group line. Finally, a sea echo modeling based on experimental observations is proposed, allowing the restitution of space-time maps whose characteristics are close to the measurements
Curé, Charlotte. "Etude des systèmes de communication acoustique des puffins du bassin méditerranéen : puffinus yelkouan, puffinus mauretanicus et calonectris diomedea diomedea." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112130.
Повний текст джерелаShearwaters (procellariidae) are burrowing seabirds. They return to their colony at dusk and exhibit a high vocal activity. One single call is used in both sexual and territorial contexts. We conducted a comparative study of the acoustic communication systems of the three shearwater species in the Mediterranean basin (puffinus yelkouan, puffinus mauretanicus and calonectris d. Diomedea). These species showing overlapping nesting areas, we focused on the species specific signature in the call. Considering the fidelilty to the mate and the incubation relays between partners, we also studied the sexual and individual vocal signatures. By performing acoustic analyses, we showed that these signatures were multiparametrics. By playback experiments, we showed that birds of three species were able to vocally identify the gender of their congeners. Replying only to conspecific same-sex calls, birds ensure burrow defence and mate guarding. Concerning the communication strategies between partners, significant differences were observed between species. Contrary to puffinus yelkouan, calonectris d. Diomedea vocally replied to its mate. For the former, an additional channel (olfactory for example) is probably necessary to ensure mate identification. Concerning the species-specific recognition, the differences in the acoustic codes observed between the species appeared all the more significant as the phylogenetic distance was high. Thus, even submitted to similar environmental and social constraints, Mediterranean shearwater species show differences in their communication system
ALLONIER, ANNE-SOPHIE. "Composes organohalogenes issus de la chloration de l'eau de mer : aspects chimiques et ecotoxicologiques." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAP0005.
Повний текст джерелаMemet, Jean-Bernard. "La corrosion marine des structures métalliques portuaires : étude des mécanismes d'amorçage et de croissance des produits de corrosion." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS047.
Повний текст джерелаWagener, Thibaut. "Le fer à l'interface océan-atmosphère : Flux et processus de dissolution dans l'eau de mer." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270558.
Повний текст джерелаMandri, Youssef. "Étude paramétrique du procédé de dessalement de l'eau de mer par congélation sur paroi froide." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831277.
Повний текст джерелаRadic, Amandine. "Les isotopes du fer dans l'eau de mer : un nouveau traceur de la biogéochimie océanique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589511.
Повний текст джерелаOukli, Fatima. "Une autre ressource d'eau potable : le dessalement de l'eau de mer et des eaux saumâtres." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P234.
Повний текст джерелаPineault, Simon. "Signature isotopique du carbone et de l'azote dans la matière organique particulaire de la glace de mer en Arctique : facteurs de contrôle et applications écologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28049/28049.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAndriamaro, Jaonarivo. "Étude in vitro de l'effet de l'eau de mer sur la vitalité de la muqueuse respiratoire." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M167.
Повний текст джерелаVega, Andres. "Ondes de Rossby, niveau de la mer et couleur de l'eau dans le Pacifique Sud-Est." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30194.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Bozec Nathalie. "Réaction de réduction de l'oxygène sur les aciers inoxydables en eau de mer naturelle. Influence du biofilm sur les processus de corrosion." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2002.
Повний текст джерелаLeroy, Loïc. "Influence de traitements de surface sur le comportement du Nickel en EDMA." La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS105.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to increase the corrosion resistance of Ni in artificial seawater, various surface treatments from more classical (thermomechanical treatments) to more sophisticated (ion implantation, electron irradiation, ion beam assisted deposition) have been performed. Many experimental techniques have been used, and impedance spectroscopy is shown to allow a detailled study giving the specific frequency for each step of the corrosion process. A model is proposed accounting for the experimental results. Two main stages are detected with increasing immersion time. The first, corresponding to the passivation of the surface is quick and protective; the second, at longer immersion times, is due to a slow degradation of the passive film induced by the Cl- ions
Anras, Loïc. "Influence du réseau hydraulique sur la qualité des eaux de surface dans un marais littoral agricole : rôle des processus géochimiques à l'interface eau-sédiment." Poitiers, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01737226.
Повний текст джерелаRich, Anouar. "Dessalement de l'eau de mer par congélation sur parois froides : aspect thermodynamique et influence des conditions opératoires." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958034.
Повний текст джерелаFawal, Nour. "Paramètres affectants le dessalement de l'eau de mer par osmose inverse : prétraitement, procédés membranaires et impact environnemental." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10156.
Повний текст джерелаThis study was carried in some seawater desalination plants of HUTA Company. The most used seawater desalination process for freshwater production is Reverse Osmosis (SWRO). A typical station, installed in an industrial zone, was selected to conduct this optimization study in order to reduce operating costs. The desalination station selected for this research work is located in the western region of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA), at 160 km north of Jeddah city, in a petrochemical industrial zone (PETRO RABIGH Refinery), an ultra security site, seawater catchments occur in the coastal zone close to the site in the Red Sea.The study focuses mainly on 3 parts, the first one concerns the water intake "INTAKE", different intake mode were tested with the installation of a prototype structure developed specifically for Rabigh station in order to respect the Saudi authorities regulation. The second part is reserved to the membrane processes and the importance of pretreatments in desalination process. The last part focuses on the environmental impact of industrial waste "OUTLET" on the aquatic system. Finally the best decision and the best operation conditions have been concluded
Fawal, Nour. "Paramètres affectants le dessalement de l'eau de mer par osmose inverse : prétraitement, procédés membranaires et impact environnemental." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10156/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study was carried in some seawater desalination plants of HUTA Company. The most used seawater desalination process for freshwater production is Reverse Osmosis (SWRO). A typical station, installed in an industrial zone, was selected to conduct this optimization study in order to reduce operating costs. The desalination station selected for this research work is located in the western region of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA), at 160 km north of Jeddah city, in a petrochemical industrial zone (PETRO RABIGH Refinery), an ultra security site, seawater catchments occur in the coastal zone close to the site in the Red Sea.The study focuses mainly on 3 parts, the first one concerns the water intake "INTAKE", different intake mode were tested with the installation of a prototype structure developed specifically for Rabigh station in order to respect the Saudi authorities regulation. The second part is reserved to the membrane processes and the importance of pretreatments in desalination process. The last part focuses on the environmental impact of industrial waste "OUTLET" on the aquatic system. Finally the best decision and the best operation conditions have been concluded
Fiard, Maud. "Indicateurs microbiens de l'état fonctionnel de mangroves en Outre-mer : application de la directive cadre sur l'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221214_FIARD_308gabs216ubg613yma945ic_TH.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDue to its location, mangrove forests testify of the quality of the coastal waters and of the anthropic pressures in the littoral zone. Mangroves could therefore constitute a useful biological quality element to be used in the EU Water Framework Directive. To assess the use of mangroves for monitoring the water bodies in French overseas territories, a specific project, the “DCE mangrove project”, was created and funded by the French Biodiversity Agency. This project offered the opportunity to study the response and the functioning of French mangroves subjected to different types and levels of anthropic pressures. The global aims of this PhD were to characterize the French mangroves benthic bacterial and archaeal communities (molecular biomass, abundance, diversity and composition) in order (i) to improve our knowledge of these key organisms in mangroves functioning, (ii) to determine the drivers of mangrove microbiota, (iii) to identify several potential bioindicators of main anthropic pressures applied on mangrove forests. The results obtained to date have allowed (i) to select an appropriate molecular method to describe the benthic mangrove microbiota, (ii) to produce a detailed characterization of the anthropic pressures in several mangrove sites in French Guiana and Martinique island (West Indies), (iii) to start to build the microbial diversity reference system in French mangrove sediments and (iv) to identify potential microbial bioindicators of mangrove health. This work is a contribution to the establishment of a mangrove ecological indicator of the coastal and transitional water bodies qualities of the French oversea territories
Barchiche, Chems-Eddine. "Caractérisation et cinétique de formation des dépots calcomagnésiens sur acier en eau de mer artificielle." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS111.
Повний текст джерелаCathodic protection is commonly used to prevent the corrosion of carbon steels in seawater. This method consists in decreasing the potential of metal so that its corrosion kinetics becomes negligible. It can be achieved via two different procedures. The first one consists in using a generator to provide a sufficiently cathodic current, the second one consists in coupling the metal with so called sacrificial anodes made of a less noble alloy. Cathodic protection promotes oxygen reduction on the metal surface, that is production of OH- ions, increase of the interfacial pH and finally the formation of a mineral deposit. This isolating layer hinders the diffusion of dissolved O2 and therefore decreases the current required for protection. A better understanding of the physico-chemical properties of these deposits should permit to optimise the protection, decrease the energetic need or the sacrificial anodes dissolution. The experiments described here were performed using steel electrodes in artificial seawater. This allowed us to vary an important number of parameters, in particular the composition of the electrolyte. The deposition of Ca compounds and that of Mg compounds were studied separately before the investigation of the simultaneous deposition of Ca and Mg compounds. Chronoamperommetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the kinetics of formation of the deposits. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy were used to characterise the deposits
Geoffroy, Maxime. "Signature bioacoustique, distribution et abondance des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins en mer de Beaufort (Arctique canadien) : une réponse à l’énigme de la morue arctique manquante." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26568.
Повний текст джерелаLa mer de Beaufort canadienne subit la double pression des changements climatiques et de l’accroissement des activités industrielles. Malgré l’importance de l’écosystème marin de la région pour les communautés locales, certaines de ses composantes demeurent peu documentées, en particulier la distribution et l’abondance des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins. Cette thèse repose sur des bases de données hydroacoustiques, de filets et de chaluts recueillies de 2006 à 2014 afin d’améliorer nos connaissances de la signature bioacoustique des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins de la mer de Beaufort et, ultimement, d’estimer plus précisément leur distribution et leur abondance. Pour ce faire, je documente : (1) la distribution verticale et les migrations ontogéniques des poissons pélagiques sur un cycle annuel complet; (2) la distribution spatiale et le recrutement des poissons pélagiques en fonction de la date de la débâcle et des températures de surface; et (3) l’indice de réflexion acoustique et la forme des échos des principaux mammifères marins. La morue arctique (Boreogadus saida) formait 95% de l’assemblage des poissons pélagiques et les individus de plus d’un an demeuraient au-dessus du talus, dans l’halocline pacifique et la couche atlantique (> 100 m), tout au long de l’année. Au contraire, les jeunes de l’année colonisaient la couche épipélagique (< 100 m) de leur éclosion au printemps jusqu’à leur descente en profondeur à l’automne. L’abondance et la biomasse de morues arctiques mesurées acoustiquement atteignaient des valeurs significativement plus élevées au sud de la mer de Beaufort et dans le golfe d’Amundsen qu’au nord. Le taux de croissance larvaire et le recrutement augmentaient les années où la débâcle survenait plus tôt et où les températures de surface vernales étaient plus élevées. Le stock pélagique de morues arctiques suffisait généralement à soutenir les besoins énergétiques des principales espèces de mammifères marins. Cependant, ceux-ci doivent probablement plonger plus profondément les années où le stock diminue afin d’attraper les morues arctiques de plus grandes tailles (> 10 cm) demeurant près du fond. La signature acoustique des baleines et des phoques documentée dans cette thèse pourrait être utilisée afin de compléter les levés visuels à l’aide de sonars et d’échosondeurs scientifiques. La présence de faux positifs limite cependant l’utilisation de ces instruments sous leur forme actuelle et des recommandations sont fournies afin d’améliorer les techniques de détection de mammifères marins à l’aide de l’hydroacoustique.
The Canadian Beaufort Sea faces the double pressure of climate change and increasing industrial activities. Despite the importance of the marine ecosystem of the region for local communities, some of its components remain poorly documented, in particular the distribution and abundance of pelagic fish and marine mammals. This thesis is based on hydroacoustic, net, and trawl datasets collected from 2006 to 2014 and documents the acoustic signature of pelagic fish and marine mammals to, ultimately, estimate their abundance and distribution more accurately. I study and discuss: (1) the vertical distribution and ontogenic migrations of pelagic fish over the annual cycle; (2) the spatial distribution and recruitment of pelagic fish in relation with the date of the ice breakup and sea-surface temperatures; and (3) Target Strengths and echotraces of the main marine mammal species. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) formed 95% of the pelagic fish assemblage and age-1+ individuals remained over the slope, in the Pacific Halocline and the Atlantic Layer (> 100 m), throughout the year. In contrast, age-0 arctic cod colonized the epipelagic layer (< 100 m) from hatching in spring until their descent to depth during fall. The abundance and biomass of arctic cod measured acoustically was significantly higher in southern Beaufort Sea and the Amundsen Gulf than in northern areas. Larval growth and recruitment increased during years with an early ice breakup and warmer sea-surface temperatures in spring. The stock of pelagic arctic cod was generally high enough to support the energetic requirements of the main marine mammal species. However, they likely had to dive deeper to feed on large (> 10 cm) bottom-dwelling arctic cod when the pelagic stock diminished. The acoustic signature of whales and seals documented here could be used to complement visual surveys with scientific sonars and echosounders. The occurrence of false positives, however, limits the use of these instruments under their current form and recommendations are provided to improve the efficiency of active acoustic monitoring at detecting marine mammals.
Durand, Dominique. "Suivi et simulation de la qualité de l'eau en milieu littoral par télédétection et modélisation." Phd thesis, Nice, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00956574.
Повний текст джерелаNicolau, Rudy Lucas Yves. "Caractérisation et quantification des transferts dûs aux petites rivières côtières Méditerranéennes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105804.
Повний текст джерелаKweon, Young-Gak. "Influence de divers paramètres sur la fissuration par fatigue d'aciers de construction dans l'eau de mer sous protection cathodique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECAP0010.
Повний текст джерелаAgogué, Hélène. "Diversité des bactéries de la microcouche de surface de l'eau de mer : spécificité, adaptation et résistance aux radiations solaires." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10085.
Повний текст джерелаBélinger, Albine. "Etude analytique et expérimentale d'une optode pour la mesure de la pression partielle de CO2 dans l'eau de mer." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2033.
Повний текст джерелаFigoureux, Karine. "Coefficients de diffusion dans la convection de fluides géophysiques hétérogènes : application à l'air nuageux et à l'eau de mer." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-241.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаConnan, Olivier. "Analyse des composés halocarbones volatils dans l'eau de mer : utilisation comme traceurs : variations dans les eaux océaniques et côtières." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2021.
Повний текст джерелаKweon, Young-Gak. "Influence de divers paramètres sur la fissuration par fatigue d'aciers de construction dans l'eau de mer sous protection cathodique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598817x.
Повний текст джерелаVantrepotte, Vincent. "Caractérisation bio-optique des eaux côtières en Manche Orientale pour l'estimation de la production primaire et le suivi des poussées phytoplanctoniques : application à la télédétection satellitaire "couleur de l'eau" en milieu côtier." Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0100.
Повний текст джерелаThe coastal ecosystems are among the most productive but also the most variable ones at both spatial and temporal scales. Remote sensing of "ocean colour" seems to be well adapted to study phytoplankton dynamics in such variable systems, due to its high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency. Remote sensing development in coastal waters (belonging to case 2 waters) requires simultaneously the characterization of : (i) the phytoplankton dynamics, (ii) the bio-optical properties of the optically active compartments of seawater (phytoplankton, yellow substances and non-phytoplankton particulate matter) and (iii) the variability of algal photosynthetic parameters. These points correspond to the objectives of our study, for which 5 mesoscale campaigns at sea were carried out in the eastern English Channel in 2000. At an ecological point of view, various ecosystems ("province") were discriminated on their hydro-biological characteristics. At a bio-optical point of view, the absorption spectra of yellow substances, phytoplankton and non-phytoplankton particulate matter present different dynamics (both at space and season scales), related to different environmental and/or biological factors. The variability of the algal photosynthetic parameters was studied on various spatial and temporal scales in order to define and adapted strategy for the mesoscale primary production modelling in the Eastern English Channel
Diaz-Castaneda, Victoria. "Étude expérimentale in situ de la succession écologique lors de la recolonisation d'un sédiment defauné par pollution en Méditerranée et en Mer du nord." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10178.
Повний текст джерелаKane, Maimouna. "L'eau dans un cycle romanesque : de Béroul au Roman de Tristan en prose." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040228.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Goff-Bucas Gwénaelle. "Le comportement des polluants flottants en cas de déversement accidentel en eau de mer." Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120323.
Повний текст джерелаNarinc, Olivier. "Variabilité interannuelle de l'eau modale à dix-huit degrés de l'Atlantique nord : contributions apportées par une simulation océanique ensembliste réaliste." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU022.
Повний текст джерелаThe Eighteen Degree Water (EDW) is a mode water located in the western NorthAtlantic subtropical gyre, south of the Gulf Stream. It is typically described asformed in the winter mixed layer through air-sea exchanges, before being sub-ducted and partly eroded over the rest of the year. The EDW plays a signif-icant role in the air-sea exchanges of the North Atlantic basin, and interactswith the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Previous stud-ies have shown that in eddy-permitting simulations (resolution of 1/4° or finer),a significant part of the interannual variability of the subtropical gyre and ofthe AMOC is intrinsic to the ocean, meaning that it is independent from atmo-spheric variability and is driven by oceanic processes. The present study usesa realistically forced 20 year, 1/4°, 50-member regional ocean/sea-ice ensemblesimulation with identical air-sea fluxes for all ensemble members. By employingestablished methods that take advantage of the ensemble dimension we are ableto characterise the relative roles of intrinsic and atmospherically forced variabil-ity in the interannual variability of the EDW. Our simulation is shown to be ingood agreement with an observation-based 1/4°, 3-dimensional gridded analy-sis. Investigating average properties of the EDW, we show that while nearly allEDW variability is atmospherically forced at annual and subannual timescales,the intrinsic variability becomes significant at interannual timescales. Resultsobtained in the ensemble simulation are shown to be compatible with observedvariability, suggesting that EDW observations are affected by a significant anddifficult to quantify intrinsic variability. By separating the EDW volume intoa ventilated volume (below the area where EDW is in contact with the atmop-shere) and a subducted volume (the rest of the total volume), we were also ableto describe the yearly cycle of EDW volume change. We found that on averageover the 20 years of the simulation and over the 50 ensemble members, EDW for-mation is in near equilibrium with EDW destruction, and that forced variabilityis dominant in both processes although intrinsic variability plays a greater rolein EDW destruction. In addition, a 12-year timescale is apparent in the intrin-sic variability of EDW volume. The subducted volume carries this 12-year modeof intrinsic variability, modulated by the yearly addition of new EDW volumethrough ventilation. Overall, the results presented in this thesis show that thetypical description of EDW variability as atmospherically-driven is incomplete,and that intrinsic variability is also significant at interannual timescales, moreimportantly in the destruction of EDW
Seddiki, Hachim. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle de l'hormone de croissance (GH) dans l'adaptabilité à l'eau de mer chez deux espèces de salmonidés." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2031.
Повний текст джерелаCastaing, Jean-Baptiste. "Procédés de traitement de l'eau de mer en conchyliculture pour la sauvegarde et le maintien de la qualité des mollusques bivalves." Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4e84b101-063c-4e23-81e3-061f5f18860e.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is the study of seawater filtration process to preserve commercial bivalves and maintain their quality during harmful algal blooms. The originality of this work is based on the study of rustic processes, capable of removing toxic microalgae from seawater. Two filtration processes have been studied, the immersed hollow fibres membranes and a sand filter. The origin and nature of fouling mechanisms have been identified in connection with the selectivity and energy consumption. Suspensions of toxic and nontoxic microalgae were reconstituted and then filtered through 10 kDa, 300 kDa and 0. 2 μm membranes and a sand filter (mean grain diameter “dg” equal to 250-520 μm). Microfiltration membrane 0. 2 μm has emerged as the most suitable for the filtration of seawater : more than 99 % of micro-algae were eliminated for a specific energy consumption below 0. 5 kWh/m3. Fouling mechanisms were investigated by membranes autopsies and the use of membrane filtration models. Sand filtration does not allow to retain all microalgae. Nevertheless, a decrease in the average size of sand grains significantly increases the toxic micro-algae retention (Rejection rate equal to 90 % after 6 h of filtration with dg = 256 μm). Sand filtration does not allow a total retention of toxic microalgae, then it can only be proposed as a seawater pretreatment system before membrane filtration. Despite a higher cost, immersed hollow fibres membranes can be considered for the protection of shellfish basins
Godart, Catherine. "Influence de l'environnement marin sur la formation du dépot calco-magnesien." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0992.
Повний текст джерелаPaticat, François. "Flux et usages de l'eau de mer dans les marais salés endigués Charentais : Cas du marais salé endigué de l'île de Ré." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305277.
Повний текст джерелаLe travail de recherche s'est engagé principalement sur deux axes. Tout d'abord, un inventaire et une description des pratiques en vigueur sur cet espace à travers leurs modes de gestion et d'utilisation de l'eau de mer, sachant que les activités humaines y sont variées mais leurs caractéristiques (techniques, économiques, hydrauliques) mal connues. Ensuite, une réflexion sur les relations liant l'environnement et les hommes. Afin de mettre en évidence la diversité spatiale des activités, la complexité des relations hydrauliques et les dysfonctionnements potentiels, la méthode repose principalement sur l'élaboration d'un SIG, la réalisation d'enquêtes et une analyse de risque.
Les résultats obtenus montrent qu'une multitude d'activités coexistent sur le marais salé endigué de l'île de Ré, avec diverses logiques spatiales et de gestion. L'étude conclue également qu'il n'existe pas de réels conflits entre les acteurs du marais, mais seulement quelques divergences à propos de la gestion hydraulique pratiquée actuellement. Seule une gestion concertée peut permettre de sauvegarder le patrimoine naturel et culturel local, tout en préservant les intérêts de chacun des acteurs.
Evrard, Catherine. "Processus métallogéniques associés aux interactions hydrothermales entre l'eau de mer et les roches ultrabasiques du manteau, exemple de la ride Médio-Atlantique." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927274.
Повний текст джерелаJonca, Justyna Elzbieta. "Méthodes électrochimiques pour la surveillance autonome des espèces chimiques (oxygène et phosphate) dans l'eau de mer : Application aux Zones de Minimum d'Oxygène." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776773.
Повний текст джерелаPaticat, François. "Flux et usages de l'eau de mer dans les marais salés endigués charentais : cas du marais salé endigué de l'île de Ré." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3005.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the study is to determine how seawater is used in Ré island marine ponds (Charente-Maritime, France). Thus, we assessed the ecosystem functioning, estimated its historical evolution and determined the most suitable ways to improve current management processes. The knowledge of seawater management is essential to ensure wetland future and meet the numerous interests of wetland stakeholders, especially in term of seawater sharing. Consequently, it is necessary to consider the Ré island marine embanked wetland through its natural as well as human characteristics. Our work followed two research axes. First, a survey and a description of wetland activities were realized through their management types and their water use features, knowing that human practices are various and their characteristics (technics, economics, hydraulics) are not sufficiently known. Then, we considered relationships between this ecosystem and humans. In order to highlight the spatial activities diversity, hydraulic particularities and potential problems, our method is mainly based on GIS, investigations and risks analysis. Results demonstrate that Ré island marine embanked wetland is dominated by a mosaic of activities, established according to various spatial and management logics. We concluded that there are no real conflicts among wetland stakeholders, only few divergences about the current seawater management. Only a wise management could allow to preserve the natural and cultural inheritance while protecting the interests of each actor
Jońca, Justyna Elżbieta. "Méthodes électrochimiques pour la surveillance autonome des espèces chimiques (oxygène et phosphate) dans l'eau de mer : application aux zones de minimum d'oxygène." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1830/.
Повний текст джерелаDeveloping new sensors for improving our understanding of the coupled biogeochemical cycles constitutes an immense challenge. Electrochemistry provides promising reagentless methods by going further in miniaturization, decreasing the response time and energy requirements and thus increasing our observing capacities in the ocean. This study is focused on phosphate and oxygen, two key compounds of the marine ecosystems. Improvement of the amperometric STOX sensor for ultra-low oxygen detection in seawater is presented. The improvement was achieved by changing sensor construction and preliminary studies showed higher sensitivity and faster response time. A novel electrochemical method for phosphate detection was developed. The method is based on anodic oxidation of molybdenum in seawater in order to form the phosphomolybdic complex, electrochemically detectable by means of amperometry or voltammetry. Thanks to special construction of an electrochemical cell including specific membrane technology, the method does not require addition of reagents and is free from silicate interferences. The method was tested during Pelagico 1011- 12-BIC OLAYA cruise offshore Peru in 2010. The Peruvian water masses analysis was also performed using data collected during this cruise
Dajoux, Malard Emilie. "Corrosion des aciers faiblement alliés en eau de mer naturelle : influence des éléments d'alliage et des bactéries." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2047.
Повний текст джерелаMetallic infrastructures immersed in natural seawater are exposed to important corrosion phenomena, sometimes characterised as microbiologically influenced corrosion. The presence of alloying elements in low alloy steels could present a corrosion resistance improvement of the structures. In this context, tests are performed with commercial steel grades, from 0,05wt% Cr to 11,5wt% Cr. They consist in “on site” immersion in natural seawater on the one hand, and in laboratory tests with immersion in media enriched with marine sulphide-producing bacteria on the other hand. Gravimetric, microbiological, electrochemical measurements and corrosion product analyses are carried out and show that corrosion phenomenon is composed of several stages. A preliminary step is the reduction of the corrosion kinetics and is correlated with the presence of sessile sulphide-producing bacteria and an important formation of sulphur-containing species. This phase is shorter when the alloying element content of the steel increases. This phase is probably followed by an increase of corrosion, appearing clearly after an 8-month immersion in natural seawater for some of the grade steels. Chromium and molybdenum show at the same time a beneficial influence to generalised corrosion resistance and a toxic effect on sulphide-producing bacteria. This multidisciplinary study reflects the complexity of the interactions between bacteria and steels ; sulphide-producing bacteria seem to be involved in corrosion processes in natural seawater and complementary studies would have to clarify occurring mechanisms