Статті в журналах: "SHUNT COMPENSATOR"

1

Ramanaiah, M. Laxmidevi, and M. Damodar Reddy. "Moth Flame Optimization Method for Unified Power Quality Conditioner Allocation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp530-537.

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This paper introduces a new optimization method to determine the optimal allocation of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in the distribution systems. UPQC is a versatile Custom Power Device (CPD) to solve problems related to voltage and current by the series and shunt compensator in the distribution systems. The task of UPQC highlighted in this paper is the required load reactive power is provided by both the series and shunt compensators. The UPQC’s steady state compensation capability has given a solution for providing reactive power compensation in large distribution systems. The optimization method adopted is Moth Flame Optimization (MFO). The best location and series compensator voltage are determined using MFO. The voltage injected by the series compensator and reactive power injected by the shunt compensator is incorporated in the load flow method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated with standard distribution systems.

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2

Hasan, Kamrul, Muhammad Murtadha Othman, Nor Farahaida Abdul Rahman, M. A. Hannan, and Ismail Musirin. "Significant implication of unified power quality conditioner in power quality problems mitigation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2231-2237.

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This paper presents an analysis of a three-phase unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) in terms of design and performance. A back to back connection of a series compensator and a shunt compensator with a common DC-bus is utilized to build the UPQC model. The series compensator compensates the power quality problems such as grid voltage sags/swells for the grid side. During sag and swell condition, the compensated voltage is injected by the series compensator in phase with the point of common coupling (PCC) or out of phase with PCC. The load current harmonics is compensated by using the shunt compensator. The dynamic performance and the steady state of the designed model are analyzed by using MATLAB-Simulink under several disturbances such as PCC voltage harmonics, voltage sags/swells and load unbalancing using a nonlinear load.

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3

Patro, Madhusmita, and Kanhu Charan Bhuyan. "Unified Power Quality Conditioner Using Injection Capacitors for Voltage Sag Compensation." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i1.pp35-44.

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Power quality has become an important factor in power systems, for consumer and household appliances. The main causes of poor power quality are har ue of achieving active current distortion compensation, power factor monic currents, poor power factor, supply voltage variations etc. A techniq correction and also mitigating the supply voltage variations at load side is compensated by unique device UPQC presented in this thesis. This concept presents a multi loop based controller to compensate power quality problems through a three phase four wire Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) under unbalanced and distorted load conditions. Here the UPQC is constituted of two Voltage Source Converters (VSC) connected via power link. The series compensator is connected to the line in series and injects the voltage and thus compensates for voltage issues; whereas the shunt compensator injects current thus compensating for current issues, and is connected in shunt to the line. The voltage injection to the line uses an ijecting transformer. The injection transformer is later replaced with injection capacitors, thus eliminating the drawback of conventional UPQC. In this way a good power quality is maintained

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4

Patro, Madhusmita, and Kanhu Charan Bhuyan. "Unified Power Quality Conditioner Using Injection Capacitors for Voltage Sag Compensation." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i1.pp36-45.

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Анотація:

Power quality has become an important factor in power systems, for consumer and household appliances. The main causes of poor power quality are harmonic currents, poor power factor, supply voltage variations etc. A technique of achieving both active current distortion compensation, power factor correction and also mitigating the supply voltage variations at load side is compensated by unique device UPQC presented in this thesis. This concept presents a multi loop based controller to compensate power quality problems through a three phase four wire unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) under unbalanced and distorted load conditions. Here the UPQC is constituted of two voltage source converters (VSC) connected via power link. The series compensator is connected to the line in series and injects the voltage and thus compensates for voltage issues; whereas the shunt compensator injects current thus compensating for current issues, and is connected in shunt to the line. The voltage injection to the line uses an injecting transformer. The injection transformer is later replaced with injection capacitors, thus eliminating the drawback of conventional UPQC. In this way a good power quality is maintained.

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5

Chang, Wei-Neng, Chia-Min Chang, and Shao-Kang Yen. "Improvements in Bidirectional Power-Flow Balancing and Electric Power Quality of a Microgrid with Unbalanced Distributed Generators and Loads by Using Shunt Compensators." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 3305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123305.

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Improper connections of unbalanced distributed generators (DGs) and loads in a three-phase microgrid cause unbalanced and bidirectional power flow problems. The unbalanced DGs and loads may also aggravate the electric power quality (EPQ), such as voltage regulation, power factor, and unbalanced current and voltage. This increases the difficulty of operation in a microgrid. In this study, a three-phase, delta-connected, shunt-type universal compensator was employed for achieving the bidirectional power-flow balancing and improving the EPQ of a three-phase, distribution-level microgrid with unbalanced DGs and loads. A feedforward compensation scheme was derived for the compensator by using the symmetrical components method. In practical applications, the universal compensator can be implemented as static var compensators (SVCs), static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs), or an additional function of active filters. With the on-line compensation of the proposed compensator, the bidirectional power-flow balancing and EPQ improvement in the microgrid were achieved. A demonstration system was proposed to present the effectiveness of the compensator.

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6

Nkado, Fredrick, Franklin Nkado, Ifedayo Oladeji, and Ramon Zamora. "Optimal Design and Performance Analysis of Solar PV Integrated UPQC for Distribution Network." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2021.5.5.361.

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The increasing number of electricity consumers results in power quality problems in the distribution system. Solar photovoltaic integrated unified power quality conditioner (UPQC-PV) is a widely adopted device that can improve a distribution system's voltage and current quality. This paper presents an optimal design and performance analysis of a unified power quality conditioner integrated with a double-stage solar photovoltaic system (UPQC-PV). A technique based on sequence component detection (SCD) and unit vector template generation (UVTG) is proposed for the UPQC-PV control. Using a SCD technique, the fundamental active component of the distorted load current is estimated, which is used to generate a reference signal for shunt compensator control. The UPQC-PV consists of shunt and series compensators; the shunt compensator eliminates the harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads and extracts the active power generated by the solar PV array. In addition, the series compensator compensates for the grid side power quality problems such as voltage sags/swells. Hence, the proposed system can simultaneously perform clean energy generation and power quality improvement. The UPQC-PV system performance is evaluated in MATLAB-Simulink software under different grid conditions.

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7

, Dr. S Chitra, V. Nanthagopal. "Power Quality Improvement Using Three-Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQC." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060725.

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This paper proposes the application of a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to enhance the power quality and analyzed the solar PV integrated unified power quality conditioner (PV-UPQC).The PV-UPQC is employed to maintain power quality under various current and voltage distortion. The PV-UPQC consists of a shunt and series compensators connected back to back with common DC-link. The shunt compensator performs the dual function of extracting power from PV array apart from compensating for load current harmonics. The series compensator compensates for the grid side power quality problems such as grid voltage sag and swell. In proposed system Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is used as a series compensator and also it enhance the power quality. The UPQC is eliminate power quality issues like unbalanced grid voltage with harmonics and load harmonics. The performance of the system are evaluated by simulating in MATLAB/Simulink environment under a nonlinear load.

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8

Farzam, Vahid, and Ahad Mokhtarpour. "Inter-Area Oscillation Damping Using an STATCOM based Hybrid Shunt compensation Scheme." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1172-1180.

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FACTS devices are one of the latest technologies which have been used to improve power system dynamic and stability during recent years. However, widespread adoption of this technology has been hampered by high cost and reliability concerns. In this paper an economical phase imbalanced shunt reactive compensation concept has been introduced and its ability for power system dynamic enhancement and inter-area oscillation damping are investigated. A hybrid phase imbalanced scheme is a shunt capacitive compensation scheme, where two phases are compensated by fixed shunt capacitor (C) and the third phase is compensated by a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) in shunt with a fixed capacitor (CC). The power system dynamic stability enhancement would be achieved by adding a conventional Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) to the main control loop of the single phase STATCOM. Two different control methodologies are proposed: a non-optimized conventional damping controller and a conventional damping controller with optomised parameters that are added to the main control loop of the unbalanced compensator in order to damp the inter area oscillations. The proposed arrangement would, certainly, be economically attractive when compared with a full three-phase STATCOM. The proposed scheme is prosperously applied in a 13-bus six-machine test system and various case studies are conducted to demonstrate its ability in damping inter-area oscillations and power system dynamic enhancement.

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9

Sun, Yan Ping, Mo Zhou, and Guo Wang. "Study on a Novel Three-Phase Two-Leg Active Inverter for Electrified Railway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.868.

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A novel topology circuit of active compensation was discussed to be used to manage negative sequence caused by locomotive load in electrified railway. The main circuit used a three-phase two-leg compensator as active elements of shunt hybrid active compensator topology. The number of switch device in this topology was reduced by comparing with three-phase full-bridge active inverter and the cost was lower. The simulation model was developed with SIMULINK. The simulating results indicates that the shunt hybrid active compensator can restrain the problem of negative sequence which generated by locomotive load, and reduces the effect of reactive power, negative sequence, improves electric energy quality and verifies the correctness of the proposed structure and control method.

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10

Mehdizadeh, F. Reyhaneh, and Daryoush Nazarpour. "An STATCOM-based Hybrid Shunt Compensation Scheme Capable of Damping Subsynchronous Resonance." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i3.pp150-159.

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The paper presents the potential use of supplemental control of a new economical phase imbalanced shunt compensation concept for damping sub synchronous resonance (SSR) oscillations. In this scheme, the shunt capacitive compensation in one phase is created by using a Single-Phase Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) in parallel with a fixed capacitor (Cc), and the other two phases are compensated by fixed shunt capacitor (C). The proposed arrangement would, certainly, be economically attractive when compared with a full three-phase STATCOM which have been used/proposed for power swings and SSR damping. SSR mitigation is achieved by introducing a supplemental signal into the control loops of single phase STATCOM. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed structure and supplemental control are demonstrated on a modified version of the IEEE second benchmark model for computer simulation of sub synchronous resonance by means of time domain simulation analysis using the Matlab program.

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11

Mehdizadeh, F. Reyhaneh, and Daryoush Nazarpour. "An STATCOM-Based Hybrid Shunt Compensation Scheme Capable of Damping Subsynchronous Resonance." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i3.pp153-162.

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The paper presents the potential use of supplemental control of a new economical phase imbalanced shunt compensation concept for damping Sub Synchronous Resonance (SSR) oscillations. In this scheme, the shunt capacitive compensation in one phase is created by using a single-phase Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) in parallel with a fixed capacitor ( ), and the other two phases are compensated by fixed shunt capacitor (C). The proposed arrangement would, certainly, be economically attractive when compared with a full three-phase STATCOM which have been used/proposed for power swings and SSR damping. SSR mitigation is achieved by introducing a supplemental signal into the control loops of single phase STATCOM. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed structure and supplemental control are demonstrated on a modified version of the IEEE second benchmark model for computer simulation of sub synchronous resonance by means of time domain simulation analysis using the Matlab program.

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12

Onah, A. J., E. E. Ezema, and I. D. Egwuatu. "An R-L Static Var Compensator (SVC)." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2253.

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Traditional static var compensators (SVCs) employ shunt reactors and capacitors. These standard reactive power shunt elements are controlled to produce rapid and variable reactive power. Power electronic devices like the thyristor etc. are used to switch them in or out of the network to which they are connected in response to system conditions. There are two basic types, namely the thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR), and the thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC). In this paper we wish to investigate a compensator where the reactor or capacitor is replaced by a series connected resistor and reactor (R-L). The performance equations are derived and applied to produce the compensator characteristics for each of the configurations. Their performances are compared, and the contrasts between them displayed. All three configurations are made to achieve unity power factor in a system.

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13

Onah, A. J., E. E. Ezema, and I. D. Egwuatu. "An R-L Static Var Compensator (SVC)." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.12.2253.

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Traditional static var compensators (SVCs) employ shunt reactors and capacitors. These standard reactive power shunt elements are controlled to produce rapid and variable reactive power. Power electronic devices like the thyristor etc. are used to switch them in or out of the network to which they are connected in response to system conditions. There are two basic types, namely the thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR), and the thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC). In this paper we wish to investigate a compensator where the reactor or capacitor is replaced by a series connected resistor and reactor (R-L). The performance equations are derived and applied to produce the compensator characteristics for each of the configurations. Their performances are compared, and the contrasts between them displayed. All three configurations are made to achieve unity power factor in a system.

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14

Chatur, Prathamesh K. "Design and Implementation of Three Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQC Based on Artificial Neural Networks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45703.

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Abstract: Project deals with the design and performance analysis of a three-phase single stage solar photovoltaic integrated unified power quality conditioner (PV-UPQC). The PV-UPQC consists of a shunt and series connected voltage compensators connected back-to-back with common DC-link. The shunt compensator performs the dual function of extracting power from PV array apart from compensating for load current harmonics. An improved synchronous reference frame control based on moving average filter is used for extraction of load active current component for improved performance of the PVUPQC. The series compensator compensates for the grid side power quality problems suchas grid voltage sags/swells. Thecompensator injects voltage in-phase/out of phase with point of common coupling (PCC) voltage during sag and swells conditions respectively. The proposedsystem combines both the benefits of clean energy generation along with. The steady state and dynamic performance of the system are evaluated by simulating in Matlab-Simulink under a nonlinear load. The system performance is then verified using a scaled down laboratory prototype under a number of disturbances such as load unbalancing, PCC voltage sags/swells and irradiation variation.

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15

Swetha, S., S. Akila, R. Chandralekha, and K. Vidya. "Study of Shunt and Series Compensator for Improved VAR Compensation." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 29 (February 1, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i29/93658.

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16

Pakkiraiah, B., M. Venkateswarlu, and B. Loveswara Rao. "Solar Assisted Relift Luo Converter with UPQC for Voltage Unbalance Mitigation Using DDSRF Theory." International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5 (July 18, 2023): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232027.2023.5.10.

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The upsurge seen in integration of sensitive non-linear loads and Photovoltaic (PV) system based power generation has strengthened the demand for enhanced Power Quality (PQ) in distributed power system. Thereby, a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), which is a custom power device is proposed in this work for improving the PQ of the overall network. The load side PQ issues is mitigated using the shunt compensator, while the source side PQ issues is mitigated using the series compensator of the UPQC. The active power to the load is provided from the PV system through a shunt compensator. The voltage level of the output obtained from the PV is improved with the aid of Re-lift Luo converter, which is a DC-DC converter of high efficiency and voltage gain. Moreover, in order to provide a stabilized voltage supply to the UPQC, an Adaptive Proportional Integral (PI) controller is selected and its gains are adjusted with the application of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame (DDSRF) theory is applied to derive the reference voltage and reference current for balancing source voltage variations and load current harmonics, respectively. The series and shunt compensators are controlled using Cascaded Type-2 FLC (CT2FLC). The effectiveness of the proposed PV-UPQC configuration in eliminating load current harmonics and source voltage fluctuations is evaluated on the basis of MATLAB simulations.

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17

Sheikh, Aafreen S. "Reactive Power Compensation and Power Factor Correction by using Static VAR Compensator (SVC)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4034–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36061.

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In this paper, a reactive power compensation system using static VAR compensator is presented. To confine on system stability and reliability, the reactive power compensation is the fundamental way forflexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). The variations of reactive power have an effect on thegenerating units, lines, circuit breakers, transformers, relays, and isolators. It can also cause effective voltage sags and increase losses. In the proposed system, the lead time between voltage pulse and curren pulse is measured and fed to the interrupt pins of the microcontroller where the program takes over to bring the shunt capacitors to the circuit to get the reactive power compensated. Back-to-back SCRs interfaced through optical isolation from the microcontroller are used in parallel for controlling the capacitor.

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18

Sahoo, Ashwin Kumar, Sarat Kumar Sahoo, and Nalinikanta Mohanty. "Modeling and Simulation of Three Phase D-SVC for Load Compensation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i1.pp262-271.

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The transmission of electric power has to take place in the most efficient way in addition to providing flexibility in the process. Flexible A.C. Transmission System (FACTS) promotes the use of static controllers to enhance the controllability and increase the power transfer capability. Providing reactive shunt compensation with shunt-connected capacitors and reactors is a well-established technique to get a better voltage profile in a power system. Shunt Capacitors are inexpensive but lack dynamic capabilities, thus some form of dynamically controlled reactive power compensation becomes essential. In this paper, three phase Distribution Static Var Compensator (D-SVC) has been developed and studied under different conditions. Open loop mode and closed loop mode of operation of D-SVC is simulated and studied. The work presented here is very much useful for distribution system, for effective reactive power management and better Voltage control.

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19

shukla, Vipin kumar, and Sudhanshu tripathi. "Shunt compensator used for power quality improvement." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 9, no. 5 (2014): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-09511218.

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20

Shamshul Haq, S., D. Lenine, and S. V. N. L. Lalitha. "A Fuzzy adaptive hysteresis band controller for three phase four wire UPQC." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10551.

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Unified Power Quality Compensator (UPQC) is used to protect the sensitive loads in the distribution system from voltage and current disturbances. The compensation capability of UPQC depends on the control strategies used for shunt and series converters. Conventional adaptive hysteresis controller pulse width modulation technique had failed to track exactly during transient conditions and disturbances at load and source side. In paper fuzzy adaptive hysteresis controller is proposed for three phase four wire UPQC for compensating voltage sag/swell, current harmonics, voltage harmonics and neutral current compensation. Fuzzy adaptive hysteresis controller can effectively compensate the power quality problems during the transient conditions. A comparative simulation analysis of proposed and conventional methods are presented in this paper using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool.

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21

Sun, Qiuye, Jianguo Zhou, Xinrui Liu, and Jun Yang. "A Novel Load-Balancing Method and Device by Intelligent Grouping Compound Switches-Based Capacitor Banks Shunt Compensation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/347361.

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A novel compensator topology is proposed for three-phase unbalanced loads in the distribution networks. The negative and zero sequence compensation networks are proposed using delta-connected and star-connected capacitor banks. The compensation networks are paralleled with the unbalanced load to achieve a perfect balancing of active power and a complete compensation of reactive power of the unbalanced load. Intelligent grouping compound switches are implemented to control the capacitors, where, therefore, each capacitor can be switched between phases or phase and ground. Wireless sensors are also applied to acquire the load quantities. The compensation method proposed is based on symmetrical component theory. In addition, the load compensation based on instantaneous symmetrical component theory with positive sequence online extraction is proposed under unbalanced and distorted source voltages. The proposed load-balancing method and device are applied to Liaoning, Neimenggu, and Jilin provinces. The application results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed compensator topology and compensation method.

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22

Madhavan, Mythreyee, and Nalini Anandan. "Unified power quality control based microgrid for power quality enhancement using various controlling techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp75-84.

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This research analyses the introduction of unified power quality control (UPQC) to mitigate the power quality problems, which is caused by using power electronics devices. In this article, the challenges in power quality, the suggested UPQC control approaches that are made by the distributed generation of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with the DC-link. The DVR is a series active power filter (APF) compensator and the STATCOM is a shunt APF compensator. In the meanwhile, DVR compensates voltage related issuesas well as STATCOM provides the needed reactive power supply by load and reducing the current issues associated with the unity power factor. The main objectives of the UPQC to mitigate voltage imbalance, harmonics, negative-sequence current and reactive power. To overcome the PQ issues the multifunction power conditioner is implemented. In addition, several proposed control approaches were employed and compared with series and shunt APFs. In MATLAB/Simulink software is used to illuminate the performance of the control strategies. Finally, the simulation will be evaluated and PQ problems in UPQC will be reduced by various techniques such as unit vector template generation technique (UVTGT), power balancing theory (BPT), proportional integral (PI) control technique and hysteresis control technique.

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23

Bhagwat, Reshmi, and Vaishali Malekar. "Modeling and Simulation of Unified Series Shunt Compensator for Power Quality Improvement." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23665.

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24

Fabricio, Edgard Luiz Lopes, Cursino Brandao Jacobina, Alysson Vasconselos Gomes de Menezes, Mauricio Beltrao de Rossiter Correa, and Gregory Arthur de Almeida Carlos. "Shunt Compensator Based on Interconnected Three-Phase Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30, no. 12 (December 2015): 6661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2014.2387394.

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25

Best, R. A., and H. Zelaya-De La Parra. "Transient response of a static VAr shunt compensator." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 11, no. 3 (May 1996): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.491643.

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26

Wolanski, Z., and Boon Teck Ooi. "Conceptual study of a shunt power quality compensator." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 11, no. 2 (April 1996): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.489368.

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27

Dash, Arobinda, Durgesh Prasad Bagarty, Prakash Kumar Hota, Manoj Kumar Sahu, Twinkle Hazra, Siddhartha Behera, Arun Kumar Behera, et al. "Grid-Tied Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator for Power Quality Enhancement Using Combined-Step-Size Real-Coefficient Improved Proportionate Affine Projection Sign Algorithm." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010197.

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A control structure design of a three-phase three-leg four-wire grid-tied Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) based on a combined-step-size real-coefficient improved proportionate affine projection sign algorithm (CSS-RIP-APSA) has been presented. The three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM is used for reactive power compensation along with harmonic current minimization. This strategy also helps in load balancing and neutral current compensation. The affine projection sign algorithm (APSA) is a member of the adaptive filter family, which has a slow convergence rate. The conventional adaptive filter deals with the trade-off between the convergence rate and the steady-state error. In the proposed algorithm, the RIP-APSA adaptive filter with two different step sizes has been designed to decrease the computational burden while achieving the advantages of a fast convergence rate and reduced steady-state error. The proposed controller also makes the inverter function a shunt compensator. The controller primarily evaluates the fundamental weight component of distorted load currents. The aim of the proposed system is to compensate for reactive power and to ensure unity power factor during the faulty conditions as well as for unbalancing grid conditions. The proposed control algorithm of the grid-tied DSTATCOM works effectively on the laboratory prototype as verified from the experimental results.

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Sabat, Jogeswara, Mrutyunjaya Mangaraj, Ajit Kumar Barisal, Praveen Kumar Yadav Kundala, and Rohan Vijay Thakur. "Experimental analysis of DI-ZSI based DSTATCOM." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 12, no. 3 (July 25, 2023): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v12.i3.pp341-348.

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This article presents the dual operation of distributed energy resources (DER) integrated impedance source inverter (DI-ZSI). The distribution grid, DER and variable nonlinear load are operating on two modes. In mode-1, power generated by the DER is zero or less then the load requirement and the inverter act as a voltage source inverter (VSI) for shunt compensation only. But, in mode-2, power generated by the DER greater than the load requirement and operates as a DI-ZSI based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). In this scenario, it not only acts as a shunt compensator but also inject active power to the distribution grid. An accurately tuned proportional integral with adaptive least mean square (ALMS) controller is used to generate the switching signals of inverter switches. The DI-ZSI performs stable operation in the distribution grid over a variable non-linear loading. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) SPARTAN-6 controller is used to develop the proposed system. Experimental results from DI-ZSI and VSI under variable loading highlighted the superiority of the DI-ZSI as per guidelines imposed by IEEE-2030-7-2017.

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Bhattacharyya, Biplab, Shweta Rani, Ram Ishwar Vais, and Indradeo Pratap Bharti. "GA based optimal planning of VAR sources using Fast Voltage Stability Index method." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0055.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel approach for reactive power planning of a connected power network. Reactive power planning is nothing but the optimal usage of all reactive power sources i.e., transformer tap setting arrangements, reactive generations of generators and shunt VAR compensators installed at weak nodes. Shunt VAR compensator placement positions are determined by a FVSI (Fast Voltage Stability Index) method. Optimal setting of all reactive power reserves are determined by a GA (genetic algorithm) based optimization method. The effectiveness of the detection of the weak nodes by the FVSI method is validated by comparing the result with two other wellknown methods of weak node detection like Modal analysis and the L-index method. Finally, FVSI based allocation of VAR sources emerges as the most suitable method for reactive power planning.

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Mangaraj, Mrutyunjaya, Jogeswara Sabat, Ajit Kumar Barisal, Anil Kumar Patra, and Ashok Kumar Chahattaray. "Performance Evaluation of BB-QZSI-Based DSTATCOMUnder Dynamic Load Condition." Power Electronics and Drives 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2022-0004.

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Abstract This paper presents the shunt compensation performance of quasi-Z-source inverter (QZSI) and back to back connected QZSIs (BB-QZSI) to address the power quality (PQ) issues in the three-phase three-wire power utility network (PUN). Generally, these PQ issues are poor voltage regulation, low power factor (PF), source current distortion, unbalanced voltage, etc. The proposed BBQZSI-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) consists of two QZSIs with a common dc-link capacitor. Because the QZSI could achieve buck/boost conversion as well as DC to AC inversion in a single-stage and the back to back configuration decreases the system down time cost (if a fault occurs in one QZSI the other can continue the shunt compensation). Particularly, icos ϕ control algorithmcontrol algorithm is implemented to generate proper switching pulses for the switches of DSTATCOM. The effectiveness of the BB-QZSI is verified through simulation studies over QZSI using MATLAB/Simulink software satisfying the recommended grid code.

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31

Nurdin, Muhammad, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Rizky Rahmani, and Nanang Hariyanto. "Placement of Shunt VAR Compensator Based on Sensitivity Analysis." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2014.6.2.15.

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32

Rudraram, Ramesh, Sasi Chinnathambi, and Manikandan Mani. "PV Integrated UPQC with Intelligent Control Techniques for Power Quality Enhancement." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110128.

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The configuration and control of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) coupled with Photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed in this work. By integrating PV to UPQC, the twin advantages of decarbonized clean energy generation in addition to enhanced Power Quality (PQ) is obtained. The series and shunt compensators, which together constitute the UPQC are sequentially interfaced to the common dc-link. In addition to infusing active PV generated power, the UPQC shunt compensator diminishes the load side power quality concerns. The role of a series compensator is to ensure that both the load and source voltages are in-phase perfectly. The PV system is integrated to the UPQC through a DC/DC Interleaved Cuk converter and by regulating the duty cycle of the Interleaved Cuk converter, utmost possible power is derived from the PV using Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) assisted Perturb and Observation (P & O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique. The designed hybrid MPPT technique is capable of operating at Maximum Power Point (MPP) under both Partial Shading Condition (PSC) and uniform insolation condition. A d-q theory-based control is employed with the assistance of Proportional Integral (PI) controller for controlling the working of UPQC. The dynamic working of the PV based UPQC is evaluated on the basis of simulation outcomes attained from MATLAB.

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33

Abderahmane, Amari, and Kherfane Samir. "Contribution of STATCOM To Improving The Behavior Of High Voltage AC Networks." All Sciences Abstracts 1, no. 3 (June 25, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/as-abstracts.922.

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This work proposes the application of a STATCOM for reactive energy compensation; its dynamic behavior will be verified by simulations under the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The circulation of reactive energy in an electrical network causes voltage drops between two ends, therefore the active power transported decreases, and to deal with this problem several classic solutions have beenadopted. The STATCOM "static synchronous compensator" is a type of FACTS placed as a shunt, which can remedy the problem of the circulation of reactive energy, and the regulation of the voltage.

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Patnaik, Nishant, Richa Pandey, Raavi Satish, Balamurali Surakasi, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, and Adel El-Shahat. "Single-Phase Universal Power Compensator with an Equal VAR Sharing Approach." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 3769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103769.

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In this manuscript, we propose a single-phase UPC (universal power compensator) system to extensively tackle power quality issues (voltage and current) with an equal VAR (volt-ampere reactive) sharing approach between the series and shunt APF (active power filter) of a UPC system. The equal VAR sharing feature facilitates the series and shunt APF inverters to be of an equal rating. An SRF (synchronous reference frame)-based direct PA (power angle) calculation technique is implemented to realize equal VAR sharing between the APFs of the UPC. This PA estimation utilizes d and q axis current parameters derived for the reference signal generation of the shunt APF. An SRF-based method is highly useful for power estimations in distorted supply voltage conditions compared with other conventional methods, i.e., the PQ method. It comprises a reduced complexity and estimations with an easiness to retain two APF inverters of equal rating. A rigorous simulation analysis is performed with MATLAB/SIMULINK and a real-time digital simulator (OPAL-RT) for addressing different power quality-disturbing elements such as current harmonics, voltage harmonics, voltage sag/swell and load VAR demand with the proposed method.

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Rajesh, T., and S. Rajeswari. "Power quality improvement and reactive power compensationusing enhancedsliding mode controllerbased shunt active power filter and static VAR compensator." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10518.

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The power quality is the challenging criteria in all equipment’s at all levels comprise industrial sectors and consumer places. Some parameters are very sensitive which may affect and disturb the power quality. These parameters are harmonic current, power compensation and voltage sag. Providing the source without these parameters with efficient power quality is essential. Hence by selecting proper device the power output may reach without any interruption along with linear, non-linear and unbalanced loads. This paper introduces a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC), a very effective controller implemented with Shunt active filter and Static VAR Compensator (SVC) FACTS device which increases the reactive power compensation and suppresses the harmonic to enhance the system performance with high reliability.

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Mounika, G. "Closed Loop Reactive Power Compensation on a Single-Phase Transmission Line." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 2149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35486.

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Nowadays the power consumption is increasing significantly. Due to this, the transmission lines are heavily loaded and in turn results in instability of the line. So orderly transmission of power is essential. For the proper operation of the load the voltage has to be maintained within the acceptable limit. Due to the changes in load, the voltage level of the line also changes. The voltage levels can be improved by using the reactive power compensator like capacitor banks, series compensator, STAT COM and svc. Here, we considered the SVC as reactive power compensator. This paper presents the reactive power compensation for a 230v transmission line model with variable inductive load using SVC and designed in Simulink. Here we considered the SVC model which contains of anti-thyristors in series to the inductor and a shunt capacitor. The required reactance is fed from the inductor to the transmission line by changing the gate triggering pulse to the thyristor pair. So, the main disadvantage of the open loop var compensation using svc is the triggering to the thyristor pair has to be changed every time depending on the load. This can overcome by implementing it using the feedback loop. Here for the feedback, we used the PI controller. under The PI controller gives the required gating pulse to the thyristor pair. The performance of this model is studied variable load conditions.

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Riyadi, Slamet, Maurice Fadel, Yanuarsyah Haroen, Sugi Sigihartono, and Sudaryatno Sudirham. "Functioning a shunt APF as a power or current compensator." Revue internationale de génie électrique 12, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ejee.12.57-76.

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38

Orts-Grau, S., F. J. Gimeno-Sales, A. Abellan-Garcia, S. Segui-Chilet, and J. C. Alfonso-Gil. "Improved Shunt Active Power Compensator for IEEE Standard 1459 Compliance." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 25, no. 4 (October 2010): 2692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2010.2049033.

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39

Ravi Teja, S., and Md Enamullah. "DC capacitor voltage stabilization for five-level NPC inverter based STATCOM under DC offset in load." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 9, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.11537.

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DC voltage regulation of compensator plays a significant role in tracking performance of STATCOM. It is a common practice to employ voltage source inverter with split – capacitor topology for shunt compensator in three phase four wire systems. However, drift in each capacitor voltage is observed with the presence of dc component in zero sequence current although STATCOM control unit regulates total dc voltage, which results in poor tracking of reference current by the compensator. An external voltage balancing circuit is identified to be a good solution to overcome this problem. This paper proposes an improved controller for external voltage balancing circuit to restore the dc capacitors voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed control of external voltage balancing circuit is verified by simulation results showing restoration of capacitors voltage drift and there by the restoration of tracking performance of the compensator.

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40

Balasubramanian, R., K. Parkavikathirvelu, R. Sankaran, and Rengarajan Amirtharajan. "Design, Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Shunt Hybrid Compensator Using Synchronous Rotating Reference Frame (SRRF)-Based Control Technique." Electronics 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010042.

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This paper deals with the design, simulation, and implementation of shunt hybrid compensator to maintain the power quality in three-phase distribution networks feeding different types balanced and unbalanced nonlinear loads. The configuration of the compensator consists of a selective harmonic elimination passive filter, a series-connected conventional six-pulse IGBT inverter, acting as the active filter terminated with a DC link capacitor. The theory and modelling of the compensator based on current harmonic components at the load end and their decomposition in d-q axis frame of reference are utilized in the reference current generation algorithm. Accordingly, the source current waveform is made to follow the reference current waveform using a high-frequency, carrier-based controller. Further, this inner current control loop is supported by a slower outer voltage control loop for sustaining desirable DC link voltage. Performance of the compensator is evaluated through MATLAB simulation covering different types of loads and reduction of harmonic currents and THD at the supply side along with excellent regulation of DC link voltage are confirmed. The performance of a hybrid compensator designed and fabricated using the above principles is evaluated and corroborated with the simulation results.

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41

Raju Gaddala, Jaya, and Sambasiva Rao Gudapati. "Unified Power Flow Controller for Non-Linear Loads Using Adaptive Power Quality Theory." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 9, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.9.2.3.

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Harmonics reduction techniques in source current were found to be unreliable and imbalanced with different load conditions. This certain unreliability problem in harmonics mitigation is caused by non-linear loads. The harmonics and power quality problems are eliminated by filters. These filters are expensive to provide a dynamic response under various load conditions. The new unified power flow controller composed of a series and shunt compensator provides more secured power systems and good voltage stability at various load conditions. D-Q theory is used to generate the reference current from the AC source current. D-Q theory produces sinusoidal harmonics that are opposite to load harmonics. This UPFC can absorb or inject reactive power in the PCC. D-Q theory followed by a hysteresis current controller generates PWM pulses to the shunt and series compensator. The PI and fuzzy logic controllers preserve the DC link voltage in the storage capacitor. The proposed technique has been simulated by using Matlab simulation under different load conditions.

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42

Gangadhar, Pottipati Sai. "Performance of IUPQC for Multi-Feeder Systems using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Multilevel-Inverter with Grid Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38938.

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Abstract: An ordinary PID system and an anti PID saturation technique are used to confirm the dominance of the proposed approach in a wind structure with exchange work. 6. The simulation is performed in MATLAB to designate the predominance of the anticipated calculation. The replica mould is shown in the image. Figure 9 depicts the controller surface waveforms in relation to the planned computation, where the level directions are instance t and the upward arrangements in are input esteem. In the end, the proposed method is capable of deciphering a symphonic disguise. There is a 0.9993-second lag between the factor power and 1, which means the factor power is very close to 1. New power-electronic devices, dubbed "Specific Power Devices," are being developed to reduce power quality problems and provide customers with tailored solutions. Modern s0lutions f0r l0adrelated issues and supply v0ltage flaws are included in UPQC, which stands for Unified Power Quality Conditioners. Shunt Compensation and Series Compensation work together to solve many power quality issues. The series compensator's current and voltage profiles are improved thanks to the shunt compensator. Custom feeding systems have emerged as a result of the assumption that a healthy feeder next to it can compensate for issues in the current feeding unit. With these devices, you'll get better performance than with a unique power supply for each feeder. These unique power devices include the IDVR, IVOLCON, and IUPQC with two voltage stabilisation capacitors, as well as the Interline Dynamic Voltage Restored (IDVR). The use of a new IUPQC topology that concurrently compensates for voltage and current impurities while also improving Power Quality Quality. In typical approaches, f0ur v0ltage source c0nverters (VSC) with multi-tier topologies are taken into account, and a hexagonal coordinate system space vect0r pulse width m0dulation is employed. The PI controller improves power quality while reducing status errors. Because of these drawbacks, the PI controller isn't the best choice for high-reliability applications. Particle Swarm Optimization uses the PI controller installation to further increase power quality (PSO). The IUPQC with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) stabilises voltage and current discrepancies for improved power quality in the multibus/multi-feeder system. In order to compensate for voltage changes, a proposed controller utilises a shared capacitor to distribute voltage from healthy feeds to neighbouring feeders. Tw0 feeders with a hybrid renewable energy system implement the researchers' technique. MATLAB/SIMLUNIK was used to analyse IUPQC's results. Keywords: Grid Integrati0n, Multi-Feeder Systems, Multi-Level C0nverters, P0wer Quality Impr0vement, Renewable Energy Systems

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G, Ramya, Vinil M, Ajay Daniel J, and Moovendan M. "Energy Improvement in Distribution Network Using Sliding Mode Controller Based SVC System." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 5155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.5155ecst.

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Static Var Compensator is a shunt type reactive power compensation device used to enhance the energy in the distribution system. This paper presents the power quality improvement using SVC in 14 bus system using Proposed Resonance and Sliding Mode (SM) Controller to improve the power quality. Minimized power losses and improved power transfer capacity to stabilize the weak system are the main functions of the SVC system. The instantaneous response of SVC is the main important advantage in comparison with mechanically switched compensation devices. SVC is installed at the point of common coupling to improve the reactive power. The performance of the multibus system is analyzed in terms of real power, reactive power, and RMS voltage of the system, and is simulated using MATLAB Simulink.

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44

Krishnaveni, V., and C. Pavan Kalyan. "A Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Instantaneous Reactive Power Compensation and Direct Voltage Control for Medium-Voltage Applications." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 2, no. 9 (September 30, 2015): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v2i9.175.

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High power and medium voltage (MV) applications need Controlled rectifiers such as 12-pulse converters, because of the high reliability, low complexity, robustness and low power losses. But having the drawback of harmonics generation causes power quality problem. Power quality can be improved with passive filters but having disadvantages such as dependency on the source impedances, parallel and series resonance, aging of passive components. Active power filtering (APF) is used as compensation technique in order to improve thepower quality at the line side. Hence APF becomes a promising compensator solution. This paper presents the APFfor a Medium-Voltage applications using Open Loop Control Compensation.

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45

Alnahhas, Mutaz, and Abdul Wali Abdul Ali. "Design and Implementation of a Solar Panel Inverter as STATCOM Compensator." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v20n1.234.

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A power system suffers from different losses, which can cause tragic consequences. Reactive power presence in the power system increases system losses delivered power quality and distorts the voltage. As a result, many researches are concerned with reactive power compensation. Moreover, reactive power should not be transmitted through a transmission line to a longer distance. Thus, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices such as static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static volt-ampere compensator (SVC), and unified power flow controller (UPFC) are utilized to overcome these issues. The necessity of balancing resistive power generation and absorption throughout a power system becomes a big concern in the electrical systems for reactive power compensation. Static synchronous compensator STATCOM is a shunt device used for the generation or absorption of reactive power as desired. STATCOM provides smooth and fast compensation and power factor correction. In this thesis, a solar Static synchronous compensator takes the DC input from the solar panel and inverted utilizing an H-bridge inverter. This topology is used for reactive power compensation and power factor correction at the load side. The simulation was done using MATLAB Simulink simulation tools. The system model was built using a single solar array for DC input and controlled using perturbation and observe method to maximize its power output. The STATCOM model was built using for high power MOSFETs to perform H- bridge inverter. The STATCOM was controlled using a hysteresis band current control using a PI controller to inject the current into the system. A hardware prototype of STATCOM was built and controlled using an Arduino microcontroller. The simulation results have demonstrated the STATCOM model of reactive power compensation and correcting the power factor under different loads of conditions. It also highlighted the proportional relation between reactive power presence and the increased cost of electricity bills. The proposed smart meter of STATCOM gives accurate reading and measurement. Overall, the simulated results showed a satisfactory level of compensation of reactive power and power factor correction. The system contained three significant parts; solar array, H- bridge inverter, and the PI controller. The smart meter circuit was capable of displaying readings regarding input solar voltage, current, and power factor on the LCD screen.

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46

Hannan, M. A., A. Mohamed, A. Hussain, and Majid al Dabbay. "Development of the Unified Series-Shunt Compensator for Power Quality Mitigation." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 1, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2008.338.346.

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47

Hannan, M. A., A. Mohamed, A. Hussain, and Majid al Dabbay. "Development of the Unified Series-Shunt Compensator for Power Quality Mitigation." American Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajas.2009.978.986.

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48

Hannan. "Development of the Unified Series-Shunt Compensator for Power Quality Mitigation." American Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.978.986.

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49

Mishra, M. K., A. Joshi, and A. Ghosh. "Unified shunt compensator algorithm based on generalised instantaneous reactive power theory." IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution 148, no. 6 (2001): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:20010567.

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50

Czarnecki, L. S., and S. E. Pearce. "Compensation objectives and Currents' Physical Components–based generation of reference signals for shunt switching compensator control." IET Power Electronics 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel:20070388.

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