Дисертації з теми "Shoe uppers"
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Melvin, Jonathan M. A. "The effects of heel height, shoe volume and upper stiffness on shoe comfort and plantar pressure." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34066/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research in this thesis investigated the independent effects of changing heel height, forefoot shoe volume and upper material stiffness on plantar pressures and comfort in ladies raised heel shoes. Plantar pressure is widely associated with comfort and foot pain including conditions such as subchondral bone microfractures, cartilage degeneration, osteoarthritis, hallux valgus, plantar calluses, metatarsalgia, morton’s neuroma, and hammer toe. Reducing peak plantar pressure at localised foot regions is therefore an aspiration of footwear manufacturers and health professionals alike. As a precursor to the primary investigations, protocols for measuring plantar pressure were investigated. Specifically, how long it takes for a participant to acclimatise to new footwear and how many steps must be measured to provide valid plantar pressure data are research design issues not thoroughly resolved by prior research. In the first study within this thesis it was found that 166 steps per foot were required to acclimatise to unfamiliar footwear. Also, that data from 30 steps should be collected to ensure sufficient data for a representative step could be accurately calculated (within error of +/-2.5%) assumed The second study investigated the effects of incremental increases in heel height and upper material stiffness on comfort and plantar pressure. It was found that an increase in heel height of 20mm was required for a significant 19% increase in plantar pressure at MTP1 in shoes which have a heel height under 55mm. A significant increase in pressure was observed with just a 10mm increase in heel height for shoes over 55mm. Similar, though smaller, effects were observed for perceived comfort in different heel heights. The third study investigated the effects of shoe volume and upper stiffness on comfort and plantar pressure. It was found that an increase in shoe volume increased the pressure at the MTP1 and reduced it at the heel. There was also a volume, the medium volume shoe, which clearly produced the significantly lowest pressure at the MT24 (275kPa medium shoe compared to 289kPa and 305 kPa in the smallest and largest volumes respectively). A significant interaction between shoe volume and material stiffness was also observed: when the material stiffness is changed the amplitude of the effect due to volume is magnified. Of the three footwear features investigated heel height has the greatest significant effect on both comfort (74% increase in overall discomfort for 35mm to 75mm heel height) and plantar pressure (33% increase at MTP1 between 35 and 75 mm heel height), followed by shoe volume then upper stiffness. There was a clear relationship between plantar pressure and comfort and the results suggest that shoes with an effective heel height over 55mm should be considered different from those with heel height less than 55mm. This serves to define a “high heeled“shoe. To ensure that set measurements could be defined investigations into the effects of heel height were completed with only one shoe size. Thus for other shoe sizes scaling may be required. The results of this thesis will improve the quality of future investigations because it has provided guidelines on the required number of steps to acclimatise to unfamiliar footwear, and the number of steps required to produce an average representative step. Also, to the benefit of researchers, the results of this thesis have highlighted the difficulty in controlling features of footwear such as the stiffness of the upper material whilst simultaneously demonstrating the importance of controlling this feature. For both shoe manufactures and research these results have shown the effect of a systematic increase in heel height which has enabled the first pressure and comfort based definition of a high heeled shoe. From this information designers will have a greater understanding of how their designs will have an effect on the plantar pressure and comfort experienced by the wearer.
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Grant, Andrea Nicole. "Arctic climate from an upper level perspective arising from a new collection of historical upper air data /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17868.
Повний текст джерела
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Єфімчук, Галина. "Моделювання верху взуття з використанням термолабільних матеріалів". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Обґрунтовано доцільність використання вакуумного сушіння в технологічних процесах формостворення верху взуття з термолабільних матеріалів.The expediency of using vacuum drying in technological processes of forming of shoe upper from thermo labile materials is substantiated.
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Rupérez, Moreno María José. "MULTIDISCIPLINARY TECHNIQUES FOR THE SIMULATION OF THE CONTACT BETWEEN THE FOOT AND THE SHOE UPPER IN GAIT: VIRTUAL REALITY, COMPUTATIONAL BIOMECHANICS, AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/11235.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta Tesis propone el uso de técnicas multidisciplinares como una alternativa viable a los procedimientos actuales de evaluación del calzado los cuales, normalmente, consumen muchos recursos humanos y técnicos. Estas técnicas son Realidad Virtual, Biomecánica Computacional y Redes Neuronales Artificiales. El marco de esta tesis es el análisis virtual del confort mecánico en el calzado, es decir, el análisis de las presiones de confort en el calzado y su principal objetivo es predecir las presiones ejercidas por el zapato sobre la superficie del pie al caminar mediante la simulación del contacto en esta interfaz.
En particular, en esta tesis se ha desarrollado una aplicación software que usa el Método de los Elementos Finitos para simular la deformación del calzado. Se ha desarrollado un modelo preliminar que describe el comportamiento del corte del calzado, se ha implementado un proceso automático para el ajuste pie-zapato y se ha presentado una metodología para obtener una animación genérica del paso de cada individuo. Además, y con el fin de mejorar la aplicación desarrollada, se han propuesto nuevos modelos para simular el comportamiento del corte del calzado al caminar. Por otro lado, las Redes Neuronales Artificiales han sido aplicadas en esta tesis a la predicción de la fuerza ejercida por una esfera, que simulando un hueso, empuja a una muestra de material. Además, también han sido utilizadas para predecir las presiones ejercidas por el corte del calzado sobre la superficie del pie (presiones dorsales) en un paso completo.
Las principales contribuciones de esta tesis son: el desarrollo de un innovador simulador que permitirá a los fabricantes de calzado realizar evaluaciones virtuales de las características de sus diseños sin tener que construir el prototipo real, y el desarrollo de una también innovadora herramienta que les permitirá predecir las presiones dorsales ejercidas por el calzado sobre la superficie del pie al caminar.Rupérez Moreno, MJ. (2011). MULTIDISCIPLINARY TECHNIQUES FOR THE SIMULATION OF THE CONTACT BETWEEN THE FOOT AND THE SHOE UPPER IN GAIT: VIRTUAL REALITY, COMPUTATIONAL BIOMECHANICS, AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11235
Palancia
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Massacand, Alexia C. Massacand Alexia Jeanne Christiane. "Linkages between upper-tropospheric flow and European seasonal weather /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13300.
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Lombardi, Denis. "Alpine crustal and upper-mantle structure from receiver functions /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17508.
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Maurer, Hansruedi Maurer Hansruedi Maurer Hansruedi. "Seismotectonics and upper crustal structure in the western swiss alps /." Zürich, 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10268.
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Griesser, Thomas. "Reconstruction of global upper-level circulation 1880-1957 for analyzing decadal climate variability /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17962.
Повний текст джерела
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Persson, Anders. "Visa-att-uppgifter på gymnasiet : Hur bevisar och förklarar elever på gymnasiet matematiska påståenden?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I den här uppsatsen undersöks en grupp gymnasieelevers förmågor när det gäller att lösa den typ av matematikuppgifter som kallas visa-att-uppgifter. Denna typ av uppgifter består i att verifiera matematiska påståenden. Uppgifter har valts från underområdena heltal, geometri och avancerade aktuella begrepp. Gymnasiets båda studieförberedande spår och två av inledande matematikkurserna är representerade.Undersökningen är kvasi-empirisk och bygger på elevers lösningar och dessa analyseras uti-från forskning på området. Främst används Balacheffs fyra utförandenivåer och de tre förmågorna begrepps-, resonemangs- och kommunikationsförmågan.Resultatet är en kvantitativ beskrivning av elevernas lösningar där nivåer och förmågor utgör variabler. En kvalitativ beskrivning utan specifik metod är också med.In this thesis, a group of secondary school students’ competencies are investigated specific to a certain type of exercises called show-that-exercises. These exercises consist of demonstrating the correctness of mathematical propositions and have been chosen from the sub contents whole numbers, geometry and advanced concepts. Both secondary schools’ preparatory tracks and two of the first mathematic courses are represented.The survey is a quasi-empirical field experiment and rests on students’ solutions to exercises and these are analysed in accordance with research on the topic. Primarily Balacheffs’ four levels of proofs are used, and the three competencies key concepts, reasoning and communica-tion are in focus.The result is a quantitative description of the pupils’ solutions with the four levels and the three competencies as variables. A qualitative description without specific method is included.
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Mård, Grinde Josefin. "“She is such a B!” – “Really? How can you tell?” : A qualitive study into inter-rater reliability in grading EFL writing in a Swedish upper-secondary school." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42885.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This project investigates the extent to which EFL teachers’ assessment practices of two students’ written texts differ in a Swedish upper-secondary school. It also seeks to understand the factors influencing the teachers regarding inter-rater reliability in their assessment and marking process. The results show inconsistencies in the summative grades given by the raters; these inconsistencies include what the raters deem important in the rubric; however, the actual assessment process was very similar for different raters. Based on the themes found in the content analysis regarding what perceived factors affected the raters, the results showed that peer-assessment, assessment training, context, and time were of importance to the raters. Emerging themes indicate that the interpretation of rubrics, which should actually matter the most when it comes to assessment, causes inconsistencies in summative marking, regardless of the use of the same rubrics, criteria and instructions by the raters. The results suggest a need for peer-assessment as a tool in the assessment and marking of students’ texts to ensure inter-rater reliability, which would mean that more time needs to be allocated to grading.
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Oinonen, Marta. ""Isolate a honeybee from her sisters and she will soon die" : Discussing sensitive issues in the Swedish EFL classroom based on Sue Monk Kidd's The Secret Life of Bees." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-82399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay argues that literature enhances the discussions of sensitive issues in a Swedish EFL classroom. Building on reader-response theory and Judith A. Langer's envisionment building, the themes affinity, suicide and discrimination found in Sue Monk Kidd's novel The Secret Life of Bees could be discussed. The reader-response theory gives the pupils an emotional outlet that the envisionment builds on. However, the identified themes also need to be critically analysed to create rewarding discussions, and to be able to fulfil Langer's envisionment. This will hopefully make the pupils think more deeply about these social issues and question their own possible prejudices.
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Spencer, David A. "Tectonics of the higher- and tethyan Himalaya, Upper Kaghan Valley, NW Himalaya, Pakistan : implications of an early collisional, high pressure (eclogite facies) metamorphism to the Himalayan belt /." Zürich, 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10194.
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Van, Hamme Angèle. "La marche de l'enfant : évolution de la marche pieds nus et étude comparative de l'influence des éléments de conception de la chaussure." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Durant les premières années de marche indépendante, l'enfant voit sa stratégie de marche évoluer. De plus, il est rapidement amené à porter des chaussures dont l'influence sur sa marche est peu connue, même si documentée dans certains domaines particuliers (e.g. cas pathologiques, sport). Cette thèse consiste en la mesure de plus de 100 enfants sains, âgés entre 1 et 7 ans, marchant pieds nus et avec des chaussures spécifiquement développées pour l'étude (3 éléments variables : hauteur de talon, dureté de semelle et hauteur de tige). Des âges-clés, correspondant à l'âge où les paramètres biomécaniques sont semblables à ceux de l'adulte, ont été mis en évidence : 4 ans pour la cheville, 6 ans pour la hanche, et 7 ans pour le genou. Des régressions sur les paramètres biomécaniques en fonction de l'âge et de la vitesse de marche ont également été développées afin de servir de référence de population saine pour les études cliniques. Les mesures avec les chaussures ont révélé une influence prépondérante de la hauteur de talon sur la marche (e.g. mobilisation plus importante de la cheville avec un talon plus haut). À l'inverse, une tige haute sollicite moins la cheville au cours de l'appui. La dureté de semelle est relativement peu influente sur les paramètres de marche. Cette thèse a permis de préciser les résultats mis en évidence sur la maturation de la marche pieds nus et d'apporter des premières réponses aux industriels français de la chaussure enfant sur l'influence des éléments de conception de leurs produits sur la marche. Des futures mesures, plus nombreuses, permettraient de conclure sur l'influence croisée de ces éléments de conception
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MEDEIROS, Rex Antonio da Costa. "Zero-Error capacity of quantum channels." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2008. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Nesta tese, a capacidade erro-zero de canais discretos sem memória é generalizada para canais quânticos. Uma nova capacidade para a transmissão de informação clássica através de canais quânticos é proposta. A capacidade erro-zero de canais quânticos (CEZQ) é definida como sendo a máxima quantidade de informação por uso do canal que pode ser enviada através de um canal quântico ruidoso, considerando uma probabilidade de erro igual a zero. O protocolo de comunicação restringe palavras-código a produtos tensoriais de estados quânticos de entrada, enquanto que medições coletivas entre várias saídas do canal são permitidas. Portanto, o protocolo empregado é similar ao protocolo de Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland. O problema de encontrar a CEZQ é reformulado usando elementos da teoria de grafos. Esta definição equivalente é usada para demonstrar propriedades de famílias de estados quânticos e medições que atingem a CEZQ. É mostrado que a capacidade de um canal quântico num espaço de Hilbert de dimensão d pode sempre ser alcançada usando famílias compostas de, no máximo,d estados puros. Com relação às medições, demonstra-se que medições coletivas de von Neumann são necessárias e suficientes para alcançar a capacidade. É discutido se a CEZQ é uma generalização não trivial da capacidade erro-zero clássica. O termo não trivial refere-se a existência de canais quânticos para os quais a CEZQ só pode ser alcançada através de famílias de estados quânticos não-ortogonais e usando códigos de comprimento maior ou igual a dois. É investigada a CEZQ de alguns canais quânticos. É mostrado que o problema de calcular a CEZQ de canais clássicos-quânticos é puramente clássico. Em particular, é exibido um canal quântico para o qual conjectura-se que a CEZQ só pode ser alcançada usando uma família de estados quânticos não-ortogonais. Se a conjectura é verdadeira, é possível calcular o valor exato da capacidade e construir um código de bloco quântico que alcança a capacidade. Finalmente, é demonstrado que a CEZQ é limitada superiormente pela capacidade de Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland.
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Hsieh, Chih-Yu, and 謝誌宇. "'Formation of Hallux Valgus on Different Shoe Upper Designs of High-heeled Ladies' Shoes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10424715776347239905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立陽明大學
醫學工程研究所
97
Today, high-heels are typically worn by women. High-heeled shoes slant the foot forward and down while bending the toes up. When the foot slants forward, a much greater weight is transferred to the forefoot, increasing the likelihood of damage. In many high heel shoes tip the foot forward are compressing the toes, or forcing them together, possibly resulting in hallux valgus and many other medical conditions, most of which are permanent, and will require surgery to alleviate the pain. The objective of this study is thus to use a 3D FE model of the female foot and ankle together with a high-heeled support to investigate bony force during the mid-stance to push-off position. And the effect of toe last width and heel height with hallux valgus. The foot model in this research was edit from a 24 years of male foot model. Current model is a contrast with a 23 years female x-ray photo. The developed FE model consisted of 28 distinct bony segments, cartilage, ligament, plantar fascia. The mechanical properties of the foot bones and soft tissues were assigned reference and boundary conditions by experiment. For forefoot contacted ground, it induced 5 Mpa on hallux similar the scholar. Because of heel height, the foot slide forward and induced a peak stress 59 Mpa when wearing width 71 mm sandal shoe and 80 Mpa with last shoes. The principle stress on hallux was 11.7 Mpa with width 71 mm sandal shoe, the stress of the width 77mm wass more than three times the sandal shoes of 71mm. Ater changing the last wide, the stress acting on first proximal phalange outward will be increase, exceeding more than 3 times of general high heel sandals. That may cause the halux to be valgus for a long time.
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LIN, CHIA-WEI, and 林家威. "The Analysis for Upper Injection Molding for Rubber Shoe-Making." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qh92rb.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士逢甲大學
智能化機電系統設計產業碩士專班
107
The shoe manufacturing industry is always a labor-intensive industry. In order to avoid chasing areas with lower labor costs, the development of automated equipment and processes have become the primary development goals to the all footwear industry. In this thesis, we will introduce the traditional process of rubber shoes, to understand the complicated,time-consuming and costly process, and try to combine with the injection molding machine with upper that has been developed by a few shoe factories in recent years, to achieve the purpose of automation of rubber shoes manufacturing. A lot of data and parameters need to be collected before the development of the injection molding with upper system. To obtain the parameters related to injection molding, executing a simulation analysis is necessary. The purpose of this thesis is establishing a model of the injection molding with upper system, and then use the simulation analysis software to simulate the phenomenon of the outsole and the shoe sidebar in the mold. These results will be used to design injection molding machine of rubber shoes, and discuss the results and future prospects.
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Chen, Yi Lin, and 陳毅璘. "Upper Limb Resistance Training for Disable Olympic Shot Putters- Technique Analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7ec3kh.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士中國文化大學
體育學系運動教練碩博士班
103
The purpose of this study was to analyze the physically disabled shot put players’ throwing motion using sports biomechanics equipments, and to investigate the differences after upper limbs weight training and compare the parameters with the 2000 Sydney Paralympic Games players. Methods: There were two F57 physically disabled shot put players involved in this study and the throwing motion were recorded by cameras before and after 4-month upper extremity resistance training. The data collected before and after training were compared. The results showed that the throwing angular velocity of elbow and shoulder, the raising working distance, working time and raising height during thrusting were increased after training. The first conclusion was that the two subjects showed the similar throwing shot release velocity to the Sydney Paralympic Games players but they didn’t achieve the same performance. It could be affected by other factors except the throwing shot release velocity. The subjects have to improve the upper extremity strength to enhance the thrusting power to close the Sydney Paralympic Games gold medalist’s 42 degrees. Second, it is not an ideal kinetic chain for the subjects’ throwing angular velocity of elbow and shoulder. The peak angular velocity of elbow and shoulder values showed at same time rather than in a sequence. Final, the thrusting horizontal displacement was limited to the throwing shot release height. Therefore, increasing the thrusting vertical displacement could increase the total thrusting distance. In a constant throwing shot release velocity, increasing the total thrusting distance and time could contribute greater work for the shot. Keywords : physical disability, shot put throwing, kinematics, biomechanics
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Linden, Desere Jean. "The effects of upper cervical spine manipulation on spot tenderness within the erector spinae muscles of show-jumping horses." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: Trigger points may occur when muscle is subject to direct trauma, sustained tension, fatigue, radiculopathy, joint dysfunction and emotional stress, which may cause aberrant nerve conduction and dysfunction of the motor neurons. Any of these factors may increase the possibility of overload stress to a muscle and may convert a latent trigger point to an active one. In humans, due to muscle attachments, spinal manipulation causes reflex relaxation of associated and distal musculature. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of upper cervical spine manipulation, specifically C1, on pain tolerance of trigger points over the erector spinae muscles in show-jumping horses. Method: This study consisted of two groups, the experimental and the control group, each consisting of ten horses. Potential candidates were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The only method of treatment that was administered to each horse was chiropractic manipulation to the most restricted side of the UPPER CERVICAL SPINE joint complex, from which the objective findings were based. Procedure: Both groups were examined for trigger points within the Erector Spinae muscles and these trigger points were assessed, via an algometer, for spot tenderness. All horses were then examined for a cervical restriction of the upper cervical spine. Only the experiment group had the restriction corrected by a chiropractic manipulation and thereafter both groups were reassessed two minutes later, and then again two weeks later, via an algometer, for spot tenderness within the same trigger points. Results: Statistically significant changes were found when comparing the algometer readings before the adjustment with the algometer readings after the adjustment on the right. Otherwise no statistically significant differences were found when comparing algometer readings before the adjustment with the algometer readings after the adjustment on the left, or when comparing the algometer readings before the adjustment with the algometer reading two weeks later bilaterally. Conclusion: The results were inconclusive with regards to immediate and prolonged effects of upper cervical spine manipulation, specifically C1, on pain tolerances over the erector spinae muscle. As this study was directed to a small group of subjects, accurate conclusions cannot be formulated due to the insignificant findings obtained from the study and further research needs to be performed on the effects of upper cervical spine manipulation on trigger points in horses.Dr. Ashleigh Deall Dr. Alex Niven Dr. Chris Yelverton
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Paturi, SHASTRI. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF LAKE ONTARIO HYDRODYNAMICS NEAR PORT HOPE AND IN THE UPPER ST LAWRENCE RIVER." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Ontario Clean Water Act (2006) mandated that eight and two municipal drinking water intakes in the Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority (CRCA) and the Ganaraska River Source Protection Agency (GRSPA) jurisdictions respectively, be protected from contaminants released into the surrounding waters through the delineation of Intake Protection Zones (IPZs).
Toward these objectives, the Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM) was applied to simulate the hydrodynamics and contaminant transport in the eastern Lake Ontario and upper St. Lawrence River. Model hydrodynamics were comprehensively validated against field data collected during April-October, 2006. The flow was found to be predominantly wind induced in the southwestern lacustrine portion of the domain and hydraulically driven in the northeastern riverine portion with storm events resulting in river flow reversals. The modeled surface currents were applied to delineate IPZs surrounding the drinking water intakes. Passive tracers were simulated as surrogates for combined sewer outflows, tributary flows, municipal/wastewater and industrial discharges identified by CRCA as threats to drinking water intakes. Wind was found to be the most dominant forcing to transport contaminants, both in the Kingston Basin and the St. Lawrence River, whereas the St. Lawrence River outflow was found to influence the transport of contaminants along the river.
The hydrodynamics and contaminant transport in the near-shore region of Lake Ontario, from Port Hope to Cobourg was also simulated using ELCOM and the results were comprehensively validated against field data collected during April-September, 2010. Upwelling and downwelling events caused by south-westerly and north-easterly winds were found to be the predominant hydrodynamic process. These events generated barotropic geostrophic alongshore currents or ‘coastal jets’ of ~20 cm s-1. Discharges from river plumes and sewage treatment plants were simulated as tracer releases.
The tracer concentrations were primarily influenced by the close proximity of the intakes to the effluent release points, the volume and direction of the discharge from the intakes and the physical processes driving the flow dynamics.Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-17 11:41:54.68
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Hsiao, Yen-Hsiang, and 蕭晏翔. "Trade, Head-hunting and Social Order in Borderland Taiwan: Study of Zhiwu She at Upper Wu River, 1874-1898." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kf2q7a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立暨南國際大學
歷史學系
103
This research utilizes historical documents, including files from the Ming and Qing Archives, the Governor General of Taiwan, Taiwan Daily News, and records, and other related investigations, supplemented by information gathered through oral inquiries during fieldwork, to answer the following questions: 1), is the aboriginal appease system still in effect from the establishment of Fu-ken-ju in the late Qing Dynasty’s “Kai-shan-fu-fan” (1874) to the Fu-ken-shu’s closure in early Japanese colonial rule (1898)? 2) What are the changes in trading mode and customs along the border region under the administration of government? 3) What are the impacts on Zhiwu She’s (Japanese named them “Wushe fan” reign, now known as Seediq) traditional society? In addition to the preface and conclusions of this article, I first describe the local society upstream of the Wu River prior to “Kai-shan-fu-fan”, including the distribution of shengfan groups, ethnic relations, and social profiles. Secondly, I analyze the effect of the active involvement of state forces on the local community along the border region upstream, of the Wu River, regarding complicated ethnic relations, and the growth and decline of various ethnic groups. Using, Zhiwu She as a case study, I discuss changes in trading activity and headhunting ritual. Furthermore, the situation in Taiwan during the late Qing Dynasty changes with, the removal of the “Feng-shan” policy. The official rules for “minfan” trading became stricter than before. The government established of a dedicated agency transactions in the Wu-gong-lun area, to handle shengfan affairs regarding goods trading, and the military forces for resistance against the invasion of shengfans. The study found that the Zhiwu She's living areas, are in contact with beifan tribes and Si-zhuang “shufan” villages in Puli. There existed, trade and marital relationships among them, each other, along with rivalry and headhunting incidents. Before the involvement of national forces, these people hasve developed some kind of social network. Faced with the threat of headhunting from “shengfans”, “shufans” in the Puli basin, and the Han Chinese immigrants also the formed a belief called “fang-fan” as a way to stabilize the community. Secondly, the Japanese colonial government continued the Qing regime (although the purpose of "Fu-fan" is not the same). They established Chu-zhang-suo in Wu-gong-lun specializing in bei-fan affairs. By distributing goods, they gradually advancinge the relationship between the government and the “shengfan She”. It appears to bring a better quality of life for the “shengfan She”, but in fact, gradually changes their traditional culture, such as Zhiwu She tribe’s human sacrifice, ritual that prays for good harvest through traditional head-hunting (war culture). The import of foreign substances, struck their traditional life. The Japanese colonial government’s deliberate use of trading goods (and reward items), as well as the “livelihood blockade” policy, has changed the “chu-cao” activity that has both ritual and socio-economic significance. Government control of salt, gunpowder, iron, and other necessities of life, indicated that the livelihood of “shengfan” had gradually changed under national power. Critical factors of their traditional life like hunting, nomadic farming, and headhunting, etc., were gradually lost.