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1
Prados, María J., Thomas Baker, Audrey N. Beck, D. Brian Burghart, Richard R. Johnson, David Klinger, Kyla Thomas, and Brian Karl Finch. "Do Sheriff-Coroners Underreport Officer-Involved Homicides?" Academic Forensic Pathology 12, no. 4 (December 2022): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19253621221142473.
Анотація:
Introduction: In the United States, each state sets its own standards for its death investigation system. These may require independent medical examiners and coroners or allow for the sheriff to assume the role of coroner. Motivated by the well-established fact that counts of officer-involved homicides in official data sets grossly undercount the number of these incidents, we examine the possibility that different death investigation systems may lead to different death classification outcomes. Methods: To examine the potential differences in officer-involved homicide underreporting by presence of sheriff-coroner and violent death type (gunshot, intentional use of force, pursuit, or other vehicle accident), we compare ratios of incidents from both the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Supplementary Homicide Reports and the restricted Multiple-Cause of Death files from the National Vital Statistics System to the Fatal Encounters data across coroner contexts in California between 2000 and 2018; we quantify differences descriptively and examine bivariate tests of means. Results: We find significantly greater underreporting of officer-involved deaths in sheriff-coroner counties in both official data sets for all incidents compared with non-sheriff-coroner counties, independently of the period considered. These underreporting differences in the National Vital Statistics System are robust to restricting to gunshot and intentional use of force deaths, the type of incident expected to be less prone to misclassification in that data set. Conclusions: Officer-involved death underreporting in sheriff-coroner counties necessitates further scrutiny. Disparities in officer-involved death reporting suggest political pressure may play a role in classifying deaths.
2
Perez, Nicholas Michael, Max Bromley, and John Cochran. "Organizational commitment among sheriffs’ deputies during the shift to community-oriented policing." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-04-2016-0051.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the environment in which law enforcement officers operate is a main source of their job satisfaction, which is related to their overall work performance. In this line of research, a recent study by Johnson (2015) examined the organizational, job, and officer characteristics that may predict a police officer’s organizational commitment. Design/methodology/approach The current study replicates and extends the analyses performed in that study using an alternative data source to understand the influence of these measures on sheriff deputies’ organizational commitment during their organization’s shift to community-oriented policing. Findings Our results, while similar to those of Johnson (2015), revealed some unique findings. For example, in the current analyses, several organizational- and job- factors were significantly associated with deputies’ commitment to the sheriffs’ office. Specifically, deputies who report receiving higher supervisor feedback, higher peer cohesion, higher job variety and autonomy, and lower job-related stress were more highly committed to their law enforcement agency. Practical implications Key implications emerge for police administrators aspiring to influence employee organizational commitment during major agency shifts. Originality/value Overall, the present paper largely supports and progresses the findings of Johnson (2015) by extending them to sheriffs’ deputies, who are still largely underrepresented in policing research, and to an agency undergoing a dramatic organizational change. As such, the present study represents an important next step in understanding the factors that influence organizational commitment in law enforcement organizations.
3
Modlin, Steve. "County Government Fleet Acquisition Practices: Service Demand or Budget Limitations." Public Works Management & Policy 23, no. 3 (February 14, 2018): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x18756119.
Анотація:
Service provision through automobile use prompts the need for periodic replacement. Questions arise concerning service need versus popular trends. Any change has some type of cost impact and budget implications. The finance officer is charged with finding the balance between need and affordability. Very limited information exists concerning budget actor influence on fleet acquisition. This study examines fleet acquisition practices of professionally administered county governments. Findings indicate that the sheriff and departments can acquire specific makes and models, but only in conjunction with finance officer need assessment and the presence of appropriate facilities and financing mechanisms.
4
Adams, Kevin, and Khal Schneider. ""Washington is a Long Way Off": The "Round Valley War" and the Limits of Federal Power on a California Indian Reservation." Pacific Historical Review 80, no. 4 (November 1, 2011): 557–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2011.80.4.557.
Анотація:
In 1887 the Office of Indian Affairs requested that the Army evict the handful of white trespassers who claimed over 90 percent of the Round Valley Reservation in Northern California. The trespassers turned to local courts to block their evictions, and a county judge dispatched the Mendocino County sheriff to arrest the federal officer who persisted with his orders. The ensuing "Round Valley War" shows that, although elites associated with Indian affairs took federal supremacy on Indian Reservations for granted, and while historians have also tended to treat the West, and "Indian Country" in particular, as a domain where federal prerogatives reigned supreme, in the aftermath of the Civil War anti-statism and Democratic localism presented effective counterclaims to the coercive power of the federal state.
5
Cordner, Gary. "Police culture: individual and organizational differences in police officer perspectives." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2016-0116.
Анотація:
Purpose Much of the commentary about police culture treats it as a monolithic and problematic feature of the police occupation that inhibits change and progress. The purpose of this paper is to draw on surveys completed by over 13,000 sworn police to describe officers’ occupational outlooks and explore the extent to which they vary across individuals and police agencies. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws upon employee survey data from 89 US police and sheriff departments collected in 2014-2015 to examine police culture through officers’ views of the community, police work, and police administration and to explore the extent to which these beliefs and opinions are affected by personal characteristics and organizational affiliation. Findings Results indicate that officers’ perspectives are more positive than might be expected and do not vary greatly by officer personal characteristics. They differ more substantially across police agencies. This suggests that police culture is to a significant extent an organizational phenomenon, not simply an occupational one. Originality/value Examining the views and perspectives of over 13,000 sworn police employed in 89 different police organizations provides a more representative and generalizable picture of police culture than previous studies that typically analyzed officers in only one police department.
6
Galinsky, Alixander M. W., Angela Stokes, and Jan Berkhout. "Reconstruction of the Visual Environment of a Police Pursuit Incident from Several Points of View." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601604.
Анотація:
This paper describes the reconstruction of a police-pursuit incident involving the visual perceptions of two individuals for the purposes of determining whether the resulting arrest and charge of Attempted Murder could be substantiated. “Mens Rea”; that is, whether the defendant in this case had the intention to threaten or severely injure or murder a police officer. A Deputy Sheriff (we will refer to him as PO, short for police officer) attempted to use “Stop Sticks” to disable the vehicle of the driver (referred here as DR) who was described as leading police on a “high-speed” chase. The driver evaded the maneuver and in the process, threatened the life of PO, by the PO’s accounting of events. Multiple sources of data were reviewed, interviews, and a reconstruction of events was conducted. We provided a version of events that did not support the Attempted Murder charge. The charge was later dropped. DR and PO are used for de-identification purposes to preserve the anonymity of the individuals involved.
7
Meitl, Michele Bisaccia, Ashley Wellman, and Patrick Kinkaid. "Texas sheriffs’ perceptions on firearm regulations and mass shootings." International Journal of Police Science & Management 23, no. 3 (April 9, 2021): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14613557211004621.
Анотація:
Criminal justice research often focuses exclusively on municipal police departments. Sheriffs’ departments are largely ignored in this research despite this population’s reach and role. There are nearly 3,000 sheriffs’ offices around the United States and they often serve as the only law enforcement body in rural areas. This study sought to address the scarcity of this research and focused on Texas sheriffs’ views regarding firearm regulations and the causes of mass shootings. An 18-question instrument created in consult with the Texas Narcotic Officers Association was sent to each sheriff in the 254 counties of Texas to assess their perceptions regarding solutions to mass shootings, disqualification criteria for gun ownership, and civilian access to certain types of firearms and ammunition. Responding sheriffs, as a whole, were reluctant to limit access to guns and ammunition as a general matter, but strongly agreed that certain discrete populations should have limited or no access to firearms. Policy implications are discussed.
8
Muñoz, Arnold D., Christine Joyce V. Montes, John Patrick V. Ayaay, Florinda G. Vigonte, Bernandino P. Malang, and Marmelo V. Abante. "Problems and Concerns at the Sheriff’s Office of the National Labor Rela-tions Commission – National Capital Region Arbitration Branch (Nlrc-Ncrab) with the Writ of Execution." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 3, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 2266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.11.13.
Анотація:
This study aims to address the encountered problems and concerns of the National Labor Relations Commission – National Capital Region Arbitration Branch (NLRC-NCRAB) Sheriffs in implementing the writ of execution. A quantitative and descriptive research approach was used, with a survey questionnaire as the research instrument tool. 29 active sheriffs in the NLRC-NCRAB were the respondents of this study. Findings show that most of the incumbent sheriffs at the NLRC- NCRAB are 51-65 years old, have been in the service for at least 6-10 years, and are college graduates. A substantial number received more or less 11-20 writs of execution in a month; a more significant number satisfied an average of 1-10 writs. It was concluded that among the problems and concerns at the Sheriff’s Office regarding the issuance of the writ is the “non-issuance of the break-open, contempt order, and show-cause order” being the top compared to other raised issues encountered by them (M=3.93). It also reveals that parties' compliance relative to the writ, a predominant calculated mean of 3.86, points to the “no coordination by the prevailing parties with the sheriff assigned to the case” and is considered similarly “serious.” Correlatively, the results reveal that in terms of writ implementation, the “non-provision of bonded warehouse and towing vehicles” exhibited the most rated among the enumerated issues and was interpreted “very serious” problem being encountered by the NLRC-NCRAB Sheriffs with a determined mean average of 4.28.
9
Chand, Daniel E., M. Apolonia Calderon, and Daniel P. Hawes. "Immigrant-Serving Organizations and Local Law Enforcement: Do Nonprofits Predict Cooperation with ICE?" Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.8.3.423-444.
Анотація:
Relatively little research has examined the role of immigrant-serving organizations (ISOs) as policy advocates, and virtually no studies have sought to empirically determine whether ISOs shape local policy implementation decisions. Here we study the relationship between ISOs and the policy decisions of sheriff offices, which oversee county jails. Sheriff offices are vital to implementing federal immigration enforcement programs. We determine whether the presence of ISOs predicts sheriff office cooperation with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Using a sample of 630 sheriff offices that responded to a national U.S. Bureau of Justice survey, we find the concentration of ISOs registered to provide pro bono legal aid in immigration court does predict sheriff office cooperation. The presence of these legal-aid nonprofits predicts whether sheriff offices will adopt anti-detainer (or ‘sanctuary’) policies. Additionally, these legal-aid nonprofits also correspond to fewer immigration background checks submitted to ICE from county jails.
10
Lande, Brian, and Laura Mangels. "The Value of the Arrest." European Journal of Sociology 58, no. 1 (April 2017): 73–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000397561700008x.
Анотація:
AbstractDeputy sheriffs make arrests for many reasons: to solve problems, generate statistics, rectify perceived moral wrongs, or enforce compliance with the law. Many studies of discretion in arrests have looked at situational and structural determinants of the decision to arrest. Citizen demeanor, race, gender, and the nature of the crime have all been examined. Turning from these approaches, this study considers the institution of policing, focusing on the relations among deputies to try and explainwhomakes an arrest, especially when more than one deputy is on scene. Drawing from data collected during a year and a half of ethnographic research as a deputy sheriff in a rural California county, we show that arrests are a form of symbolic capital. Arrests are given, taken, and fought for as deputies struggle to work with each other and compete for prestige and positions within the Sheriff’s Office. Exchanged, gifted, and stolen as a valuable good, an arrest has the power to solidify existing relationships as well as foster divisions. As such, the arrest is a vehicle of social meaning and bonding, and a valued social commodity.
11
THOMPSON, DANIEL M. "How Partisan Is Local Law Enforcement? Evidence from Sheriff Cooperation with Immigration Authorities." American Political Science Review 114, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055419000613.
Анотація:
Is local law enforcement conducted differently based on the party in power? I offer an answer to this question by focusing on a case in which law enforcement is elected and has meaningful independent discretion: sheriff compliance with federal requests to detain unauthorized immigrants. Using a regression discontinuity design in a new dataset of over 3,200 partisan sheriff elections and administrative data on sheriff behavior, I find that Democrats and Republicans comply at nearly the same rate. These results contribute to ongoing research into the role that partisanship plays in local policy making, indicating that law enforcement officers make similar choices across party lines even when they have broad authority. I also present evidence that sheriffs hold more similar immigration enforcement views across party than the general public, highlighting the role of candidate entry and selection in determining the level of partisan polarization.
12
Zoorob, Michael. "Going National: Immigration Enforcement and the Politicization of Local Police." PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 3 (April 21, 2020): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096520000207.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThis article develops a theory of when and how political nationalization increases interest in local elections using evidence from county sheriff elections. A quintessentially local office, the sheriff has long enjoyed buffers from ideological or partisan politics. However, many sheriff elections since 2016 were waged on ideological grounds as progressive challengers—often backed by outside money—linked their campaigns to opposition to President Trump. I argue that this “redirected nationalization” becomes possible when a salient national issue impinges on a local government service, enabling challengers to expand the scope of conflict against valence-advantaged incumbents. In the highly nationalized 2018 midterm election, the question of cooperation with Immigration and Customs Enforcement in the nation’s jails provided a compelling link between local sheriffs and national politics, infusing new interest and energy in these races. Although redirected nationalization can help align local policies with voter preferences, the politicization of local law enforcement also might undermine police professionalism and credibility.
13
Bangs, Jeremy Dupertuis. "Dutch Contributions to Religious Toleration." Church History 79, no. 3 (August 16, 2010): 585–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640710000636.
Анотація:
Historians have neglected a seventeenth-century hero whose actions and words laid the groundwork for America's democratic diversity and religious toleration—at least that is the theme of a best-selling history of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, the predecessor of New York. This courageous but forgotten lawyer, Adriaen van der Donck, went out from Holland in 1641 as a young man to serve as “schout” (chief judicial officer, both sheriff and prosecutor) of Rensselaerwyck, then moved to New Amsterdam where he eventually became the spokesman of colonists irked by the arbitrary highhandedness of the Director General, Petrus Stuyvesant. Van der Donck is now proclaimed to have ensured that Dutch religious toleration became the basic assumption and pattern that evolved into modern American religious pluralism. The great popularity of this recent revelation ensures that thousands of people, from general readers to professional historians whose specialty lies elsewhere, now believe that religious toleration in America originated in New Amsterdam/ New York, where Dutch customs of toleration contrasted with the theocratic tendencies of English colonies. Is this claim true? In my opinion—no. Should historians pay attention to journalistic jingoism? Perhaps—because unexamined assumptions affect topics treated more seriously. What, then, can be said about the fabled Dutch tradition of toleration and its contribution to the discussion of religious freedom in America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
14
Eyongndi, David Tarh-Akong, and Oluwakemi Oluyinka Odeyinde. "Examining the Propriety of Section 84(1) of the Sheriffs and Civil Process Act of Nigeria from the Lens of the Supreme Court’s Decision in Central Bank of Nigeria V Insterstella Com Ltd." Journal of Comparative Law in Africa 10, no. 1 (2023): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/jcla/v10/i1a7.
Анотація:
Where a person has litigated a case against anybody or the government and judgment is given in monetary value, where the judgment debtor fails to voluntarily settle the judgment sum, the judgment creditor must enforce the judgment. In enforcing the judgment which is usually via garnishee proceedings, the Sheriff and Civil Process Act (SCPA) provides that the consent of the Attorney General (AG) must be sought and obtained once the funds to be used in satisfying the judgment are in the possession of the public officer. This paper, while underscoring the rationale for this prerequisite, examines its propriety vis-à-vis the finality of a court judgment, by adopting doctrinal methodology. It raises the question that since the AG’s consent is to be sought and same can be denied, what option, if any, is open to a person after such denial? Can a mandamus be used to compel the AG to consent, seeing that the giving of consent is not a duty to be performed but a discretion? The paper argues that this practice amounts to subjugating the implementation of Court’s determination/decision to the discretion of the AG which is inimical to the smooth delivery of justice. It may undermine the sanctity of court’s pronouncements as well as democracy. Therefore, the paper calls for the abolition of this practice as way forward.
15
Britton, Iain, Ross Wolf, and Matthew Callender. "A comparative case study of Reserve Deputies in a Florida sheriff’s office and Special Constables in an English police force." International Journal of Police Science & Management 20, no. 4 (December 2018): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355718816710.
Анотація:
Volunteers operating as ‘sworn’ police personnel with full policing powers are a common feature of policing organizations in many countries, including Special Constables in the UK and Reserve and Auxiliary police officers and deputy sheriffs in many law enforcement agencies in the USA. There has been only limited research into the experience of serving as a volunteer in such policing roles in either the US or UK settings, together with very little comparative research into volunteer officer experience across different international settings. This article presents a small-scale, comparative qualitative case study based upon interviews with volunteers from a Reserve Unit in a sheriff’s office in Florida and with volunteer Special Constables from an English police force, exploring their perspectives and experiences of volunteering in their respective policing organizations. The research identifies key differences between the settings in respect of past experience and volunteer pathways, models of training and confidence of operational capability, development and management of roles, the opportunities to develop specialization for volunteers, and leadership. The article points to the value of comparative research in police voluntarism and calls for more research in this area.
16
McCarty, William P., and Stacy Dewald. "Sheriff’s deputies and police officers: comparing their views." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2016-0110.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare views of the community, views of the organization head, and perceptions of organizational justice between deputies working in sheriff’s offices and officers working in municipal police departments. Design/methodology/approach This study used surveys of 2,012 sworn deputies representing 19 full-service county sheriff’s offices and 10,590 sworn officers representing 70 municipal police departments. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the three dependent variables between sheriff’s offices and municipal police departments. Findings Deputies in sheriff’s offices expressed more positive views of the community and organization head, and more favorable perceptions of organizational justice than officers in municipal police departments. Regression analyses indicated that views of the organization head and perceptions of organizational justice remained significantly more positive in sheriff’s offices than municipal departments, even after controlling for agency size and concentrated disadvantage. Research limitations/implications The sample of agencies should not be considered as a representative of all sheriff’s offices and municipal police departments in the USA. The number and scope of agency-level variables included in the regression models were limited. Practical implications The results suggest the importance of ensuring more equitable systems of rewards and organization heads taking steps to communicate more effectively with sworn personnel, especially in municipal departments. Originality/value By its focus on sheriff’s offices, the study broadens knowledge of law enforcement agencies and sworn personnel, which is usually based on studies of municipal police departments and officers.
17
Yukins, Elizabeth. "The Law’s Business: Peculiar Profits in Edward Jones’s The Known World." MELUS 46, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlab041.
Анотація:
Abstract This essay examines Edward Jones’s radical historiography in The Known World (2003), specifically how he represents law as a mercurial, illogical, and generative force in the workings of American slavery. Centrally, Jones highlights the viability and profitability of the American nineteenth-century legal system’s absurdities. The essay extends current scholarship to reckon with a central tension in Jones’s novel: his linking of the quotidian with the bizarre. Jones’s understated realism is, paradoxically, rife with freakish phenomenon, from two-headed chickens to cannibalistic lawmen, and his juxtaposition of the commonplace and the freakish compels readers to recognize the absurd and potent powers of American slave law. Beginning with Jones’s anachronistic reference to a historian and a local story of two-headed chickens, the essay shows how conjoined entities and other anomalous phenomenon in Jones’s novel enable three key historiographic interventions. First, the symbol of conjoined entities connects with the dual and dysfunctional status of slaves before the law—namely, a slave’s legal identity as coexistent person and property. Second, “two-headedness” serves as means to interrogate the mental acrobatics necessitated by antebellum law. Specifically, Jones creates an intensely ambivalent officer of the law—a sheriff of two minds, I argue—to explore the psychological exertions needed to administer a nonsensical legal paradigm. Finally, and most importantly, Jones’s metaphors of conjoined entities illuminate the interconnected, interdependent workings of law and economics in fictional Manchester County, Virginia. Two-headed chickens link with a far more profitable conjoining in American history—namely, what Jones calls “the law’s business” in slavery.
18
Delgado, Daniel Justino. "“My Deputies Arrest Anyone Who Breaks the Law”: Understanding How Color-blind Discourse and Reasonable Suspicion Facilitate Racist Policing." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 4, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649218756135.
Анотація:
In 2010, Arizona passed Senate Bill 1070. Although the Department of Justice has since deflated some of the racist tones contained within the bill, it set into motion several similar bills in other states. The author argues that this bill represents state-level color-blind racial ideology and facilitates white supremacy at the macro (state) and meso (police institutions) levels. Analyzing the state’s guidelines for determining “reasonable suspicion” implemented by the Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office (MCSO) in 2010 and 95 press releases from the desk of MCSO’s head sheriff, Joe Arpaio, from 2011, the author shows that these discourse have enabled racial profiling, racial discrimination, and racial attacks on the Latino/a community in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The use of this color-blind discourse masks state-sanctioned white supremacy perpetrated by the MCSO. The guidelines for reasonable suspicion shape the MCSO’s justificatory narratives (press releases) after racial profiling has occurred. In light of the Department of Justice’s findings that the sheriff’s office did indeed practice racial profiling of Latinos/as, this project peels back the discursive layers on how these racist practices are justified and how color-blind racism does more than create racialized discursive environments but fundamentally shapes, constructs, and enables the state’s police departments practices of white supremacy.
19
Neely Jr., Phillip R., and Joseph Cillo JD. "UNDERSTANDING THE LEGAL ASPECT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT HIRING AND RETENTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.680.
Анотація:
Law enforcement agencies struggle to hire officers. Law enforcement agencies are compelled to hold applicants to higher standards. Often, due to the danger that may occur, some applicants feel the pay is not worth the risk. Other applicants cannot complete the series of test such as physical agility, psychological, background checks and their criminal history. Even after an officer is hired, they are held to certain standards they must maintain to remain employed. In the State of Georgia, the Peace Officer Standard Training keeps a record of each officer in Georgia that provides the citizens with qualified, professional, trained, ethical and competent peace officers in law enforcement. Any violations could result in the officer certification being suspended or revoked and will show if a person has been fired or quit voluntarily. Hiring and Retention of law enforcement officers will need to be addressed. Police officers or Deputy Sheriffs are needed to maintain order, investigate crimes whether misdemeanors or felonies and crimes against children or the elderly. If agencies cannot retain officer’s criminals would not have consequences for their actions and society would revert to the days of outlaws and common law citizens. Not being able to hire and retain officers can have an impact externally and internally. If officers are not hired or retain the following could cause long term problems such as; officer burnout due to the overtime, case overloads for investigators or detectives, new recruits using the agency as a steppingstone until another job is found.
20
Nix, Justin, Scott E. Wolfe, and Brandon Tregle. "Police officers’ attitudes toward citizen advisory councils." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-01-2018-0019.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents of sheriff deputies’ perceived legitimacy of their agency’s citizen advisory council (CAC). Design/methodology/approach The authors obtained survey data from 567 sheriff deputies in a southeastern state. The authors first asked whether respondents knew their agency had a CAC, and then asked those who responded affirmatively a series of questions about the legitimacy of the council. The authors then ran an ordinary least squares regression that included organizational justice, self-legitimacy and public scrutiny as independent variables predicting perceived legitimacy of the CAC. Findings Deputies who perceived greater organizational justice from command staff were significantly more likely to perceive the CAC as legitimate. Originality/value In response to strained police/community relations, reform advocates have urged the police to embrace a more democratic style of policing, including allowing for more citizen oversight of agencies. The study sheds light on how line-level officers perceive such oversight.
21
Meitl, Michele Bisaccia, Ashley Wellman, and Patrick Kinkade. "Armed and (potentially) dangerous: exploring sheriffs' perspectives of police militarization." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 5 (August 13, 2020): 845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2020-0079.
Анотація:
PurposeDomestic law enforcement increasingly utilizes military tools and techniques in traditional policing activities. An increased militaristic approach is not without controversy, given the many high-profile incidents involving such tactics that have resulted in tragedy. We seek to assess specific views of policymakers who implement such strategies by measuring the attitudes of Texas sheriffs on these measures.Design/methodology/approachIn late 2019 and early 2020, a census was completed with Texas sheriffs to better understand their attitudes about the use of military tactics. A robust return rate captured the views of 142 (56%) respondents from a diverse set of rural and urban counties. Opinions on the appropriateness, effectiveness and necessity of military techniques were measured.FindingsResults indicate Texas sheriffs strongly support the use of military tools and techniques, believe they protect officer safety and should continue to be taught and utilized by law enforcement when appropriate.Practical implicationsSecondary consequences of police militarization may counteract its desired positive outcomes and lead to significant risks for officers and citizens alike. Strong police support makes the reduction in use of these tactics unlikely, but these results give opportunity for consideration of such policy to all law enforcement agencies.Originality/valueIt is the first study to examine county sheriffs' perceptions of militarization since the events of Ferguson, Missouri and provides a very recent assessment of views from a population of leaders both integrated into policy decisions and intimately accountable for policy implementation.
22
Mughan, Siân, Danyao Li, and Sean Nicholson-Crotty. "When Law Enforcement Pays: Costs and Benefits for Elected Versus Appointed Administrators Engaged in Asset Forfeiture." American Review of Public Administration 50, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074019891993.
Анотація:
The billions of dollars in assets seized by law enforcement each year represent a crucial source of revenue for these organizations, but also raise important constitutional questions and can create significant tensions within the jurisdictions they administer. Research on asset forfeiture to date has focused heavily on municipal police, largely neglecting forfeiture activities by sheriffs. Thus, it has missed an important opportunity to build theory about the differences between appointed and elected administrators and neglected an important source of institutional variation that may help to explain this particular administrative activity. To develop expectations about the relative levels of asset forfeiture and the response to intergovernmental incentives related to forfeiture, we draw on and extend scholarship comparing the behavior of elected versus appointed administrators in other settings. We test those expectations in analyses of more than 1,200 sheriff’s offices and over 2,200 municipal police departments between 1993 and 2007. Results suggest that sheriffs receive less forfeiture revenue than municipal police and are less responsive to state-level policies that change the financial rewards of asset forfeiture for agencies. These results hold whether we examine forfeitures made through the federal Equitable Sharing Program, where civil and criminal forfeiture cases can be distinguished, or jurisdictional level data on forfeiture, where civil and criminal forfeitures are combined. We conclude with a discussion of implications for both the research on asset forfeiture and on elected versus appointed public administrators more generally.
23
Hayes, Colin. "The Office of Sheriff in the United States." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 74, no. 1 (March 2001): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x0107400106.
24
Williams, Jimmy J., and Gary Hester. "Sheriff law enforcement officers and the use of force." Journal of Criminal Justice 31, no. 4 (July 2003): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(03)00030-8.
25
Malega, Ron, and Joel H. Garner. "Sworn Volunteers in American Policing, 1999 to 2013." Police Quarterly 22, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611118785168.
Анотація:
This study describes changes in the use of sworn volunteers among the nation’s local law enforcement agencies and identifies those state-level certification, community, and agency characteristics associated with agencies using such volunteers in 2013. Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics data from 1999 through 2013 were analyzed to document trends in both the number of sworn volunteers and the prevalence of agencies using sworn volunteers. While there has been a modest decline in the use of sworn volunteers since 1999, in 2013, about 36% of all local law enforcement agencies used sworn volunteers; furthermore, these volunteers comprised 7% of all local sworn personnel having arrest authority nationwide in 2013. A survey of peace officer standards and training agencies found that approximately two thirds of states required state-level certification of sworn volunteers. Multivariate analyses of state-level certification standards, census data, and agency characteristics found that agencies were more likely to use sworn volunteers if they (a) are a sheriff's office, (b) serve jurisdictions with larger populations, (c) have greater levels of social disadvantage, (d) do not require recruits to have more than a high school education, or (e) are located within states offering graduated levels of sworn volunteer certifications. Agencies were less likely to use volunteer officers if they (a) hire part-time sworn officers, (b) have a greater entry-level salary, or (c) are accredited.
26
Crank, John P., and Andrew Giacomazzi. "A Sheriffs Office as a Learning Organization." Police Quarterly 12, no. 4 (November 18, 2009): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611109348468.
27
Wolf, Ross, Stephen T. Holmes, and Carol Jones. "Utilization and satisfaction of volunteer law enforcement officers in the office of the American sheriff: an exploratory nationwide study." Police Practice and Research 17, no. 5 (April 13, 2015): 448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2015.1031750.
28
Prost, Stephanie Grace, Daniel G. Saunders, and Karen Oehme. "Childhood family violence and officer responses to officer-involved domestic violence: Effects of cumulative and resolved trauma." International Journal of Police Science & Management 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2020): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355720907641.
Анотація:
Law enforcement officers who witness or experience abuse in their family of origin are at higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol abuse. These trauma effects may, in turn, affect officers’ responses to domestic violence victims who call on them for help. The purpose of this study was to examine how these childhood traumas, PTSD, and alcohol abuse affect officers’ supportive responses to victims and perpetrators of officer-involved domestic violence (OIDV). We hypothesized that officers who witnessed or experienced family of origin violence would have higher levels of PTSD and abusive drinking than those without trauma. Furthermore, we hypothesized that officers with resolved trauma (i.e., no current PTSD or abusive drinking) would be more likely to support victims of OIDV than officers with unresolved trauma. Survey respondents were law enforcement officers ( n = 1661) in police and sheriff’s departments throughout the United States. Results partially supported the hypotheses regarding the separate and cumulative effects of witnessing family violence and experiencing child abuse. In addition, officers who endured these childhood traumas, but resolved these concerns reported a significantly greater average likelihood of helping an OIDV victim than those with unresolved trauma. Implications include the promotion of employee assistance programs and professional counselors to support officers with unresolved trauma, which may lead to improved responses to OIDV.
29
POGREBIN, MARK R., and ERIC D. POOLE. "The Sexualized Work Environment: A Look at Women Jail Officers." Prison Journal 77, no. 1 (March 1997): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855597077001004.
Анотація:
This article examines the nature of a sexualized work environment and adjustment strategies of female deputy sheriffs working in four county jails and three local adult detention centers. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 108 women deputies. The findings suggest that women experience various problems stemming from sexism and sexual harassment by their male coworkers. The impact of and response to these work problems are explored.
30
Croom, Nicole A., and Judy Melinek. "Dissecting and Streamlining the Medical Record Acquisition Process in Death Investigation Systems." Academic Forensic Pathology 6, no. 4 (December 2016): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2016.064.
Анотація:
Though medicolegal death investigation (MDI) systems are generally associated with criminal justice, they serve an integral role in the realm of public health and safety. Medicolegal death investigation offices collect information, including medical records, from a variety of outside sources. For data to travel efficiently, transmission should be fully integrated between the MDI office and external organizations. This is often not the case. Delays in the transmission of medical records in particular lead to subsequent delays in autopsy report completion and death certification or to resource waste in cases where a timely record would have let the pathologist know an autopsy was not required. Almost no peer-reviewed literature currently exists regarding the problem of record acquisition by MDI systems. To develop a better understanding of how electronic medical records have impacted MDI systems, we conducted a mixed methods survey through the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) e-mail listserv. We inquired about the medical records acquisition processes at MDI systems around the nation to gauge opinions about the use of electronic health data and the integration of MDI data in public health. Concurrently, we piloted a quality improvement project at the Alameda County Sheriff-Coroner's Office (ACSCO) in Oakland, California, in which we worked with various hospitals to get ACSCO employees direct access to decedents' electronic health records. With data from the survey and pilot project, we were able to document the barriers encountered when attempting to reform medical record acquisition and to suggest systemic changes to reduce delays and wasted resources.
31
Rosenbaum, Dennis P., and William P. McCarty. "Organizational justice and officer “buy in” in American policing." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2016-0114.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the dimensions of organizational justice in police organizations and evaluate how they contribute to organizational commitment, job satisfaction and compliance with agency rules. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 15,236 sworn officers from a national sample of 88 agencies was used, as well as other agency- and community-level variables. Multi-level models assessed how four dimensions of organizational justice affected these outcomes. Findings More favorable perceptions of organizational justice were strongly related to increased commitment to the organization, job satisfaction and compliance with agency rules. Perceptions of organization-wide justice, leadership justice and diversity justice were especially important in predicting those outcome measures. Research limitations/implications While the sample of agencies was broad and diverse, it should not be considered representative of smaller municipal police departments and sheriff’s offices in the USA. Practical implications The findings suggest that “buy in” to reforms and police compliance with rules is much more likely when supervisors and leaders are fair, respectful, give officers input, provide growth opportunities and show concern for officers’ welfare. As such, agencies would benefit from leadership and leadership training that values the core principals of organizational justice. Originality/value The study provides clarity about how organizational justice is perceived by police officers, including women and officers of color, and provides an unprecedented test of organizational justice theory in diverse police agencies.
32
Burton, Nancy Clark, and Yvonne Boudreau. "Assessment of a Sheriff's Office Evidence Drying Room." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 15, no. 4 (January 2000): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/104732200301412.
33
Stinson, Philip Matthew, John Liederbach, L. Fleming Fallon, and Hans Schmalzried. "Assessing sheriff’s office emergency and disaster website communications." Criminal Justice Studies 27, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2013.873202.
34
Cochran, John K., Max L. Bromley, and Lisa V. Landis. "Officer work orientations, perceptions of readiness and anticipated effectiveness of an agency-wide community policing effort within a county Sheriff’s office." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 14, no. 1 (March 1999): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02813862.
35
Ward, Kyle C., Paul A. Lucas, and Alexandra Murphy. "The Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Law Enforcement in States Surrounding Colorado." Police Quarterly 22, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611118819902.
Анотація:
Since the legalization of recreational marijuana occurred in Colorado, politicians, academics, and the public have been paying close attention to what impact, if any, the legalization of recreational marijuana has on crime, substance use and abuse, and state revenue gains. However, research has not identified the potential impact that marijuana legalization has had on law enforcement officers in neighboring states. This study used survey methodology to explore how the legalization of recreational marijuana in Colorado has affected law enforcement officers and their duties in states that border Colorado. Using multistage cluster sampling, municipal police departments and sheriff’s offices in Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming were selected for inclusion in this study based off their proximity to Colorado and because none had legalized either medical or recreational marijuana at the time of this study. Results indicate that law enforcement officers view Colorado’s legalization of recreational marijuana as having a negative impact on their enforcement duties. Respondents note an increase in potency, perceived juvenile use, and strain on their resources as major issues they are now having to deal with. Analysis indicates that departments further away from Colorado perceive less of an impact than counties closer to Colorado’s border. Compared with Nebraska and Kansas, respondents from Wyoming perceived a larger impact on enforcement, but these differences were diminished when controlling for personal perceptions of marijuana.
36
Shiels, Robert S. "The Mid-Victorian Codification of the Practice of Public Prosecution." Scottish Historical Review 98, Supplement (October 2019): 410–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2019.0427.
Анотація:
The Book of Regulations of 1868 seems to have been the first comprehensive and printed collection of administrative instructions of general application from crown counsel in crown office, as representatives of centralised government, for implementation by procurators fiscal in the sheriff courts. The latter, acting locally, were engaged in the actual investigation of crime within the Scottish system of public prosecution. The comprehensive contents of the book, a benchmark in its own right, established the mode of investigating serious crime and reporting it for consideration for prosecution, and brought up to date a collection of relevant statutory authorities without subsuming or compromising Scottish autonomy in these matters, nor any closer association with comparable institutions in England.
37
Dulla, Joe, Kate Baran, Rodney Pope, and Robin Orr. "Duty loads carried by the LA sheriff's department officers." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (November 2017): S5—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.010.
38
Dobrin, Adam, Ross Wolf, Ian K. Pepper, and Seth W. Fallik. "Volunteer Police: What Predicts Confidence in Training?" Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, no. 7 (December 31, 2017): 1010–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403417749875.
Анотація:
Volunteer police are used in both the United States and the Unite Kingdom to expand the services provided by full-time police personnel. The models of volunteer policing that have developed in the United States and the United Kingdom are based on the same concept, but differ in their level of operational preparedness and training. The utilization and confidence of these volunteer police in performing the functions of the police has been understudied. This current study builds on previous studies to develop a broader understanding of the confidence in training of part-time volunteer police officers by using a convenience sampling of three U.K. Northern Police Forces and three U.S. Florida Sheriff’s Offices. Results show the impact of individual-level variables on confidence in training preparation, with time since initial training having the largest impact. Later formal professional training appears to have little to no impact on confidence. Limitations and policy implications are discussed.
39
Coon, Michael. "Local Immigration Enforcement and Arrests of the Hispanic Population." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 3 (September 2017): 645–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500305.
Анотація:
Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which was added to the INA by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA), allows the federal government to enter into voluntary partnerships with state and local law enforcement agencies to enforce immigration law. Upon entering these agreements, law enforcement officers are trained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and receive delegated authority to enquire about an individual's immigration status and, if found to be removable, to detain the individual while ICE makes a determination of whether to initiate deportation proceedings. In some instances, this inquiry about immigration status takes place as part of the intake process when a criminal defendant is arrested and placed into a criminal jail. In other instances, task force officers are trained to inquire in the field about immigration status and enforce immigration law against people who have not committed any criminal offense. The key difference between the two models is that task force agents can arrest for immigration violations undocumented individuals who have not committed any criminal offense, whereas in the jail model individuals must be arrested on some other criminal charge before immigration status can be determined. The 287(g) program has raised several concerns regarding its implementation and results. First, the program could lead to racial and ethnic profiling. In particular, given that the majority of undocumented immigrants hail from Latin American countries, it is highly plausible that Hispanics, regardless of immigrant status, might be disproportionally affected by this program. That is, in a jurisdiction that participates in the jail model, an officer might arrest a Hispanic individual for a very minor offence in order to process them through the jail and determine their immigration status, when perhaps without the program they may have only issued a citation. Another concern with the program is that it may lead to tensions between state and local law enforcement and the local community. If the program creates an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust by community members toward state and local law enforcement agents, even law abiding individuals may choose to avoid interaction with law enforcement agents. This can make victims and witnesses hesitant to come forward, for fear that their undocumented status will be uncovered. Such a situation inhibits law enforcement's ability to do its job and can, ironically, make communities less safe. This study explores the effects of implementation of the 287(g) program in Frederick County, Maryland on the arrests of Hispanics. Using data from individual arrest records from the Frederick County Sheriff's Office, which has a 287(g) agreement with ICE, and the Frederick Police Department, which does not, I analyze the changes in arrests between the two agencies before and after the 287(g) program was implemented in 2008. I find that overall, the arrests of Hispanics fell, suggesting that the Hispanic community avoided interaction with law enforcement when the program began. However, I also find that the program led to a significantly higher number of arrests of Hispanics by the Sheriff's Office than would have occurred in its absence, indicating that attention was focused toward the Hispanic community as a result of the program. These results suggest that, if the program is to continue, additional safeguards are needed to prevent abuses and civil rights violations.
40
Fielding, John. "Opposition to the Personal Rule of Charles I: The Diary of Robert Woodford, 1637–1641." Historical Journal 31, no. 4 (December 1988): 769–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00015508.
Анотація:
Robert Woodford was an obscure man, the steward of Northampton from 1636 until his death in 1654, whose diary, which covers the period 1637 until 1641, tells us much about how provincial men viewed the growing political crisis which was to culminate in civil war. There are very few sources available from which to assemble a biography of the diarist. He warrants no article in Dictionary of national biography, he is not recorded as having attended either university, nor to have registered at any of the inns of court. In a brief biography, his eldest son Samuel stated that his father was born in 1606, the son of a gentleman, Robert Woodford of Old in Northamptonshire, that ‘he had but Ordinary Education’, and that his ‘meane Fortune’ meant that ‘he could never provide for us in Lands or Money’. He married Hannah, daughter of Robert Hancs, citizen of London, in 1635 at the church of Allhallows-in-the-Wall. The minute book of the Northampton Town Assembly furnishes us with a few brief details of his career as a provincial legal practitioner. In 1636, he was elected steward of the town of Northampton by the good offices of his patron John Reading, the outgoing steward, who relinquished the office in his favour. The climax of his career would seem to have been his appointment as under-sheriff of the county in 1653 until his death in 1654: he remained a provincial lawyer.
41
Patten, Ryan, Emily La Rue, Jonathan W. Caudill, Matthew O. Thomas, and Sarah Messer. "Come and Knock on Our Door: Offenders’ Perspectives on Home Visits Through Ecological Theory." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 3 (June 5, 2016): 717–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16653741.
Анотація:
The use of home visits has a long and storied history in the United States from different disciplines, such as nursing, prenatal mothers, young families, health promotion, and community corrections. Ecological theory explains how formal actors play a role in the promotion in the health field through home visits, but does not address community corrections home visits. Through the use of 30 semi-structured interviews, this research seeks to expand the understanding of ecological theory by capturing the perceptions of offenders sentenced to home visits conducted by a sheriff’s office. The findings suggest the participants supported the home visits by formal agents and, in general, the home visits created an atmosphere of respect between the participants and sheriff’s office personnel. This study creates the context for future research to understand the role of formal agents in recidivism and evaluate the efficacy of home visits by community corrections agencies.
42
Lim, Hyeyoung, and John J. Sloan. "Police officer integrity: a partial replication and extension." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 2 (May 16, 2016): 284–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0127.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to partially replicate and extend the work of Klockars et al. and others on police integrity by examining how individual, organizational, and ecological factors affect police supervisors’ perceptions of police misconduct and willingness to report fellow officers’ misconduct. Design/methodology/approach – Surveys containing 17 scenarios developed by Klockars et al. (2000, 2004, 2006) were administered to 553 ranking officers attending training at the Bill Blackwood Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas from June 1, 2009 to March 1, 2010 and employed by municipal police departments, county sheriff’s departments, and constable agencies. Findings – Results suggest that individual and organizational factors affect supervisor willingness to blow the whistle on underling misconduct, although their effects varied by seriousness of the behavior. Originality/value – The current project partially replicates and extends prior studies of factors affecting police integrity by surveying supervisors, measuring their willingness to whistle blow, and including variables in statistical models that prior studies have not included.
43
Chand, Daniel E. "Is it Population or Personnel? The Effects of Diversity on Immigration Policy Implementation by Sheriff Offices." Public Performance & Management Review 43, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 304–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1596821.
44
Compton, Michael T., Beth Broussard, Thomas A. Reed, Anthony Crisafio, and Amy C. Watson. "Surveys of Police Chiefs and Sheriffs and of Police Officers About CIT Programs." Psychiatric Services 66, no. 7 (July 2015): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300451.
45
Rao, Gautham. "The Federal Posse Comitatus Doctrine: Slavery, Compulsion, and Statecraft in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America." Law and History Review 26, no. 1 (2008): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000003552.
Анотація:
In antebellum America, as in pre-industrial England, it was commonplace to witness civilians accompanying sheriffs and justices, scouring the countryside in search of scoundrels, scalawags, and other law-breakers. These civilians were the posse comitatus, or uncompensated, temporarily deputized citizens assisting law enforcement officers. At its core, the posse comitatus was a compulsory institution. Prior to the advent of centralized police forces, sheriffs and others compelled citizens to serve “in the name of the state” to execute arrests, level public nuisances, and keep the peace, “upon pain of fine and imprisonment.” Despite its coercive character, though, the posse was widely understood as one among many compulsory duties that protected the “public welfare.” Americans heeded the call to serve in local posses, explained jurist Edward Livingston, because of communal “ties of property, of family, of love of country and of liberty.” Such civic obligations, wrote Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835, illustrated why Americans had such a pressing “interest in … arresting the guilty man.” At once coercive and communitarian, lamented Henry David Thoreau, the posse comitatus exemplified how those that “serve the state … with their bodies,” were “commonly esteemed good citizens.”
46
Kaminski, Robert J., Jeff Rojek, Hayden P. Smith, and Geoffrey P. Alpert. "Correlates of Foot Pursuit Injuries in the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department." Police Quarterly 15, no. 2 (April 23, 2012): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611112442810.
Анотація:
Police foot pursuits have come under increased scrutiny in recent years because of concerns of officer-involved shootings and fatalities associated with this tactical response. Consequently, there have been calls for police administrators to place strict limits on officer discretion to engage in foot pursuits. Such limits may be premature, however, given limited empirical evidence regarding the hazards of foot pursuits. To help inform this debate, this study analyzed foot-pursuit injuries using data provided by the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department. The findings indicate that in the vast majority of pursuits, deputies and suspects were uninjured or sustained only minor injuries. In this regard, they do not appear to be any more hazardous than resistive encounters generally. However, that suspects were injured in 60% of foot pursuits and that the use of conducted energy devices by deputies was associated with an increased odds of suspect injury suggest the dynamics of foot pursuits may be different.
47
Gardiner, Christie. "College cops: a study of education and policing in California." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 38, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 648–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-02-2015-0015.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the state of police education in California. There is limited national data on the topic and this study aims to improve our knowledge by studying the state with the highest number of law enforcement officers in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 162 local law enforcement agencies (police and sheriffs’ departments) in California completed a 32-question electronic survey about police education and training. Findings – Findings reveal that California agencies are more likely than agencies nationwide to offer incentives to encourage officers to pursue higher education. Although most departments require only a high school diploma, 35 percent of sworn officers are college graduates. Most college-educated officers are employed by medium and large sized agencies in urban counties which pay above-average salaries. Research limitations/implications – This paper demonstrates how the prevalence of educated police officers varies and that higher education requirements do not adversely affect the hiring of female officers. It also provides insight from police managers regarding their concerns about requiring a four-year degree and perceptions of whether college-educated officers are actually better officers than non-college-educated officers. Practical implications – Research findings may be instructive to police managers wanting to increase the number of sworn officers in their agency who hold a college degree. Originality/value – It adds to the literature by describing the education level of police officers in California and providing information about the educational requirements and incentives offered to officers by law enforcement agencies. No previous study has addressed this topic, even though California employs 12 percent of all sworn peace officers in the USA.
48
Bromley, Max L., and John K. Cochran. "A Case Study of Community Policing in a Southern Sheriff's Office." Police Quarterly 2, no. 1 (March 1999): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109861119900200102.
49
Hoenderboom, Michel P., and Toon Kerkhoff. "Corruption and Capability in the Dutch Republic: The Case of Lodewijk Huygens (1676)." Public Voices 10, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.145.
Анотація:
This article presents and exemplifies an approach to the problem of revealing values related to capability in actual historical context. First, a conceptual framework is discussed that allows us to identify values underlying capability. Second, a case study is used to exemplify the conceptual framework and to locate values associated with capability in early modern public office. The case study on the (in)capability of Lodewijk Huygens (1631 – 1699), sheriff of Gorinchem between 1672 and 1684, shows what was considered (un)acceptable, (un)wanted and (in)tolerable behavior for a typical high-ranking seventeenthcentury public official in the Dutch Republic. The Huygens case teaches us that capability mainly consisted of adhering to the everyday rules of conduct among officials on the “shop-floor.” Formal legal standards and public opinion were of limited practical relevance. A capable magistrate should at least maintain harmony and balance on the practical side of the political arena.
50
Pogrebin, Mark R., and Eric D. Poole. "THE WORK ORIENTATIONS OF JAIL PERSONNEL: A COMPARISON OF DEPUTY SHERIFFS AND CAREER LINE OFFICERS." Review of Policy Research 7, no. 3 (March 1988): 606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00857.x.