Статті в журналах: "Shell ornaments"

1

Dimitrijević, Vesna, and Boban Tripković. "Spondylus and Glycymeris bracelets: trade reflections at Neolithic Vinča-Belo Brdo." Documenta Praehistorica 33 (December 31, 2006): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.33.21.

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In the provision, production and exchange of prestigious items and materials in prehistoric Europe, marine shell ornaments play important role. The marine shell collection at the Vinča-Belo Brdo site is the largest in the central and northern Balkans. More than 300 ornament items manufactured from marine shells have been collected since the first excavations in 1908 up until the most recent campaign. The majority of ornaments were made using recent shells that were obtained through trade with contemporaneous Neolithic communities; few ornaments were made of fossil bivalve shells. Bracelets were the most common type. Two bivalve genera, Spondylus and Glycymeris, were used in their production. These are easily recognizable when complete valves are compared, but difficult to distinguish in highly modified items where shell morphology is obscured. The defining characteristics for shell identification are presented, particularly to differentiate ornaments manufactured from the Spondylus and Glycymeris genera, as well as those made of recent and fossil shells. The possible exchange routes for these are discussed, as well as their diachronic distribution at the Vinča site.

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2

Anggriani, Swastika Dhesti, Lisa Sidyawati, and Abdul Rahman Prasetyo. "Kerajinan Kayu Ornamen Cukli dengan Teknik Mozaik untuk Menambah Nilai Estetik." INVENSI 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/invensi.v6i1.4441.

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Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menambah nilai fungsi (multifungsi) pada produk kerajinan kayu dengan menambahkan ornamen kerang cukli. Produk kerajinan yang digunakan adalah nampan dan sendok-garpu dari material kayu. Ornamen ditambahkan pada permukaan kayu dengan mengaplikasikan material kerang cukli. Pemilihan produk nampan dan sendok-garpu kayu didasari dari melimpahnya material kayu di Indonesia dan produk kayu dinilai relatif mudah untuk dikombinasikan dengan material lain dengan menggunakan teknik mozaik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode perancangan yang meliputi tahap eksplorasi, perancangan, dan perwujudan. Hasil yang diproleh adalah karya kerajinan kayu nampan dan sendok-garpu yang telah diberi ornamen dari kerang cukli. Hasil karya kerajinan memiliki banyak fungsi/multifungsi setelah diberi ornamen dari kerang cukli. Cukli Ornament Wood Craft with Mosaic Techniques to Add Value to the Function ABSTRACTThis article aims to add value to the function (multifunction) of wooden handicraft products by adding ornament from cukli shells material. Craft products used are wooden trays and cutlery. Ornaments are added to the surface of the wood by applying cukli shell material. The selection of wooden trays and cutlery is based on the abundance of wood materials in Indonesia and wood products are considered relatively easy to combine with other materials using mosaic techniques. The method used is the design method which includes the exploration, design, and embodiment stages. The results obtained are the work of woodcraft trays and cutlery that have been given ornaments from cukli shells material. The handicraft works have many functions (multifunction) after being given ornamentation from cukli shells material.

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3

Feinman, Gary M., and Linda M. Nicholas. "Shell-Ornament Production in Ejutla." Ancient Mesoamerica 4, no. 1 (1993): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610000081x.

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AbstractFindings from recent survey and excavation projects in Ejutla, Oaxaca, enable a broader examination of marine shell use and exchange in ancient Mesoamerica. A variety of shell ornaments were manufactured from Pacific Coast species at the Ejutla site during the Terminal Formative/Early Classic periods. Comparisons of the Ejutla mollusc assemblage with shell ornaments found at other highland Oaxaca sites indicate shifts in the nature of shell-ornament manufacture and exchange during the Formative and Early Classic periods. These changes, in conjunction with other findings, signal shifting relationships late in the Formative period among Monte Albán, the Ejutla Valley, and the Pacific Coast. The recognized shifts in highland-lowland Oaxaca relations generally coincide with an expanded importance of Pacific Coast shell at Teotihuacan and in the Lowland Maya region.

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4

Stiner, Mary C. "Palaeolithic mollusc exploitation at Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Italy): food and ornaments from the Aurignacian through Epigravettian." Antiquity 73, no. 282 (December 1999): 735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00065492.

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This study considers exploitation of marine molluscs at Riparo Mochi (Italy) in cultural and ecological context. Five shell assemblages from this site represent the early Upper Palaeolithic (c. 36,000 BP) through Late Epigravettian (c. 9000 BP) periods. Taphonomic analysis reveals four kinds of shell debris: ornaments, food refuse, marine sponge inclusions, and land snails. While human foraging agendas at Riparo Mochi shifted over the five Palaeolithic phases, the kinds of marine shells favoured as ornaments remained nearly constant.

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5

Kurzawska, Aldona, and Anna Głód. "Muszle – zawieszki – amulety we wczesnym średniowieczu z terenu Polski na przykładzie znalezisk z Kruszwicy." Slavia Antiqua. Rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim, no. 64 (December 13, 2023): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sa.2023.64.8.

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In this article, the author takes a closer look at the finds of sea shell ornaments in the early Middle Ages, based on artefacts discovered at two sites (Nos. 2 and 4) in Kruszwica. The four pendants in question come from settlement levels dating from the 11th to the 12th centuries. A malacological analysis suggests that the ornaments reached Kruszwica from the Mediterranean area (Acanthocardia tuberculata and Bolinus brandaris), and probably the Red Sea (Monetaria moneta), and from southern Poland (Turritella sp). These objects had been in use for a long time, as evidenced by the microtraces and damage visible on their surface. During the early medieval period, among the various species of shells that were ‘imports’, money cowrie shell ornaments with the most ‘exotic’ origins were the most common in Europe. It is highly probable that during this period of time, they were used in the exchange/trade and their value as a female symbol object and an amulet. Most likely, the shell pendants reached Kruszwica via trade routes that have been previously documented, alongside other artifacts. These ornaments provide additional evidence of long-distance trade.

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6

Tripković, Boban, Vesna Dimitrijević, and Dragana Rajković. "Marine shell hoard from the Late Neolithic site of Čepin-Ovčara (Slavonia, Croatia)." Documenta Praehistorica 43 (December 30, 2016): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.17.

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The focus of this paper is the ornament hoard from the Sopot culture site of Čepin-Ovčara in eastern Slavonia (the Republic of Croatia). The hoard contained pendants and beads made of shells of marine clam Spondylus gaederopus and scaphopod Antalis vulgaris. The paper analyses the context and use wear of the objects in the hoard. The results form a basis for: the reconstruction of the role of some of the items and the ways in which they were worn; the premise that the dynamics and mechanisms of acquisition of ornaments made of the two Mediterranean mollusc species could have differed; and the identification of a cross-cultural pattern of deposition of ornament hoards.

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7

Kurzawska, Aldona, and Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka. "Uncovering the tradition of shell ornaments in Neolithic Poland." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 55 (May 2024): 104476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104476.

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8

Trubitt, Mary Beth. "Crafting Marine Shell Prestige Goods at Cahokia." North American Archaeologist 26, no. 3 (July 2005): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4nr2-8c4h-awxb-jvpe.

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Acquired from coasts and exchanged inland across North America, marine shell was an important raw material for making prestige goods, valued objects that “materialized” relationships between individuals or groups. Of interest here is how marine shell prestige goods production and exchange was organized, including the social identities of crafters and consumers. At Cahokia, shell working was associated with higher-status households, especially in the later phases of the Mississippian sequence. Shell ornaments crafted by elite households may have been used locally, but since prestige goods often passed through many hands, some shell objects may have ultimately been deposited far from Cahokia.

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9

Debruyne, Sofie. "Tools and souvenirs: the shells from Kilise Tepe (1994–1998)." Anatolian Studies 60 (December 2010): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600001071.

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AbstractIn the summers of 1994–1998 a rescue excavation took place at Kilise Tepe, an archaeological site occupied from the Early Bronze Age to the Byzantine period, located in the Göksu valley in Cilicia in southern Turkey. This article analyses the shell finds from environmental and archaeological perspectives. Three categories of molluscs are identified: terrestrial, freshwater and marine. The first two are the remnants of local fauna that lived on or near the site; the marine shells came from the Mediterranean shore adjacent to the Göksu delta and the delta itself. There are indications that freshwater mussels served as tools. Marine shells were worn as ornaments.

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10

Halstead, Paul. "Spondylus shell ornaments from late Neolithic Dimini, Greece: specialized manufacture or unequal accumulation?" Antiquity 67, no. 256 (September 1993): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00045816.

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Rings and buttons and beads cut from the marine shell, Spondylus gaederopus, are among the most distinctive exchange items of Neolithic Europe. From sources on the coast of the Mediterranean, these highly valued objects were widely distributed across central Europe. A re-examination of the nature and contexts of shell objects and manufacturing waste at Dimini, a key late Neolithic site on the coast of northern Greece, explores their social role within a Spondylus-working community.

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11

Pettitt, P. B., M. Richards, R. Maggi, and V. Formicola. "The Gravettian burial known as the Prince (“Il Principe”): new evidence for his age and diet." Antiquity 77, no. 295 (March 2003): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00061305.

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The famous upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian) burial with shell ornaments known as “Il Principe” was discovered in Italy sixty years ago. Here the authors present recent scientific research on his skeleton, leading to new assessments of the date of the burial and indications of diet.

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12

Baysal, Emma, and Burçin Erdoğu. "Frog in the Pond: Gökçeada (Imbros), an Aegean Stepping-stone in the Chalcolithic use of Spondylus Shell." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 80 (December 2014): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2014.13.

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The use of marine shells in the manufacture of bracelets and beads is a well-attested phenomenon of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods of Western Anatolia, the Aegean, and the Balkans. The site of Gökçeada-Uğurlu, located on an island in the Aegean between mainland Europe and Anatolia, shows evidence for the manufacture and use of bracelets and beads from Spondylus and Glycymeris shell. This use of personal ornamentation ties the site into one of the widest material culture production and trade networks of the prehistoric period. This article explores the possible role of, and influences on, an island site within the wider context of long-distance exchange. The life history of shell products is investigated, showing that a bracelet may have gone through processes of transformation in order to remain in use. The article also questions whether there was a relationship between the use of marine shell and white marble from which similar products were manufactured in contemporary contexts. In its conclusions the article addresses the value of materials and of the personal ornaments they were used to make.

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13

Shunkov, M. V., A. Yu Fedorchenko, and M. B. Kozlikin. "Upper Paleolithic Ornaments from the South Chamber of Denisova Cave: 2021 Collection." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 27 (2021): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0362-0368.

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This article presents a new collection of the Early Upper Paleolithic personal ornaments from layer 11 in the South Chamber of Denisova Cave. The collection contains items of several types: a flat round bone bead, pendants made of teeth of predators and ungulates with cutting and perforation, a pendant from a freshwater mollusk shell with a hole, a fragment of a bracelet, a ring and a pendant with cutting made of marble, a small flake from serpentine. As a result of the study, the technologies for ornament production were reconstructed, the main methods of their use were determined, and examples of ornaments reshaping for using according to a new function were recorded. The technology for the teeth pendants production included a short sequence of operations: obtaining blanks, processing by planing or scraping, applying circular cuts or perforating by drilling. The production of flat beads was carried out by cutting out elongated plates from the walls of the tubular bone of large mammals, preparing blanks by planing, cutting out preforms, biconical drilling and grinding. The finished pendants and beads were massively used to decorate clothes and as personal apparel. The technology for the production of ornaments from marble involved a short or longer sequence of actions. To create the most complex marble products, i.e. rings and bracelets, a similar technological sequence was used, including the selection and transportation of raw materials, perforation followed by boring of the resulting hole, grinding, and polishing. Rings and bracelets were used as apparel, and probably had a special status.

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14

Aizpurúa, Ilean Isel Isaza, and Patricia A. McAnany. "ADORNMENT AND IDENTITY." Ancient Mesoamerica 10, no. 1 (January 1999): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653619910107x.

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Excavations in Formative and Early Classic contexts at the Maya site of K'axob have produced a sample of 2,568 worked-shell ornaments crafted from both marine and freshwater species. Predominantly shell beads, the sample also includes unique pendants, figurines, and tinklers. A high frequency of unfinished beads in Middle Formative and early Late Formative midden contexts provides strong evidence of localized shell working and trading connections with the Caribbean. Personal adornment crafted from shell is an important item in many burials, including those of children. The most lavish disposal of shell, however, occurs in one of the earliest Middle Formative interments at K'axob. An adult male—who may have been a “founder” of K'axob—was buried with 2,019 shell beads. Through time, fewer individuals were buried with worked shell as the intricacy of shell working became more elaborate and possibly iconic of roles of authority. Interpretation of archaeological patterns indicates that shell beads can provide significant insight into the construction of social identities.

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15

Demarchi, Beatrice, Sonia O'Connor, Andre de Lima Ponzoni, Raquel de Almeida Rocha Ponzoni, Alison Sheridan, Kirsty Penkman, Y. Hancock, and Julie Wilson. "An Integrated Approach to the Taxonomic Identification of Prehistoric Shell Ornaments." PLoS ONE 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2014): e99839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099839.

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16

Sharpe, Ashley E. "THE ANCIENT SHELL COLLECTORS: TWO MILLENNIA OF MARINE SHELL EXCHANGE AT CEIBAL, GUATEMALA." Ancient Mesoamerica 30, no. 3 (2019): 493–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536118000366.

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AbstractThis study examines 2,000 years of marine trade to the ancient Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala. Located almost 150 kilometers from the nearest coast in Belize, Ceibal was a large community spanning the Middle Preclassic through early Postclassic periods (1000b.c.–a.d.1200). It therefore provides an excellent opportunity to assess the marine resources imported through the southern Maya lowlands over many centuries, offering insight into trade networks, uses of shell ornaments, religious beliefs and rituals, and other activities involving marine species. The study compares marine invertebrate data from Ceibal to a neighboring subordinate community, Caobal, as well as data previously reported from sites in the southern Mesoamerican lowlands, in order to understand regional sociocultural and trade connections over time. The majority of Ceibal's marine taxa are Atlantic species and reflect shell trends observed elsewhere in Guatemala and Belize, suggesting strong ties to trade networks eastward to the coast that lasted many centuries.

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17

Falci, Catarina Guzzo, Annelou Van Gijn, M. Magdalena Antczak, Andrzej T. Antczak, and Corinne L. Hofman. "Challenges for microwear analysis of figurative shell ornaments from pre-Colonial Venezuela." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 11 (February 2017): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.11.029.

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18

Pietak, Lynn Marie. "Body Symbolism and Cultural Aesthetics: The Use of Shell Beads and Ornaments by Delaware and Munsee Groups." North American Archaeologist 19, no. 2 (October 1998): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0bv6-q0n1-37vu-peq7.

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The important role of wampum in trade relations, and other social contexts, among indigenous groups and Europeans in the coastal and interior New York state areas is well-documented. The use and meaning of ornaments of shell and wampum among neighboring groups, such as the Munsee and Delaware, however, has not been comprehensively examined. Recent research, which focused on how these two indigenous groups integrated Europan trade goods, also identified notable trends in their use of shell, which became increasingly accessible through trade during the post-contact era. These trends are best understood within the context of indigenous symbolic systems focused on the body.

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19

Bar-Yosef Mayer, Daniella E. "Shell ornaments and artifacts in Neolithic Cyprus and correlations with other Mediterranean regions." Quaternary International 464 (January 2018): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.034.

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20

Sánchez De La Torre, Marta, F. Xavier Oms, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Sara Aliaga, Oriol Mercadal, Artur Cebrià, and Xavier Mangado. "Bone or shell? Using ED-XRF to determine the nature of prehistoric ornaments." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 21 (October 2018): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.06.036.

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21

Fitzpatrick, Scott M., and Jenna E. Boyle. "The Antiquity of Pearl Shell (Pinctada Sp.) Burial Artifacts in Palau, Western Micronesia." Radiocarbon 44, no. 3 (2002): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200032148.

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Pearl shell was an important and highly valued resource for producing tools and ornaments in Oceania. One pearl shell artifact type that is quite rare in Micronesia, however, is the crescent-shaped scraper/grater. These artifacts have recently been found in 2 burial caves in Palau, Western Caroline Islands, suggesting they may have played important social and symbolic roles in society. The first direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of this tool type, found in association with an in-situ female burial at the Chelechol ra Orrak site, provides a date of AD 150–270, while associated dates range from 770 BC–AD 180. These dates help contextualize human burials and associated artifacts from one of the earliest and most diverse burial sites in Austronesia.

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22

Peschaux, Caroline, Pierre Bodu, Pierre Lozouet, and Marian Vanhaeren. "Mont Saint-Aubin in Oisy (Nièvre, France): a Badegoulian manufacturing site for shell ornaments." Gallia Préhistoire, no. 62 (March 11, 2022): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/galliap.3876.

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23

Tong, Donna T. "Oriental Ornaments: Yellowface and Painful Object(ification)s in Sanders’s Ghost in the Shell." Science Fiction Studies 50, no. 1 (March 2023): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.0003.

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24

Baysal, Emma L., and Sera Yelözer. "From prehistoric shores: Marine shell ornaments, landscape, interaction and the Neolithic transition in Anatolia." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 53 (February 2024): 104312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104312.

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25

Gonzalez, Manoel M. B. "Use of Pristis spp. (Elasmobranchii: Pristidae) by Hunter-Gatherers on the Coast of São Paulo, Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 3, no. 3 (September 2005): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252005000300010.

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Artifacts made from rays (rostral teeth and spine) are very common in shell mounds on the coast of São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of the genus Pristis among the studied species of elasmobranch fishes in this shell mounds reinforces the hypothesis these animals occurred in southeastern Brazil, and were used by hunter-gatherers. I analyzed twelve rostral teeth of the genus Pristis from shell mounds. The teeth have artificial marks left from making arrows and harpoons. The basic function of the teeth found in these shell mounds was the production of tools and ornaments. From the analyzed teeth, ten (83%) were associated to the faunal remain and two (17%) were associated with burials, and they can be considered as ceremonial or votive elements. There had been no new records of occurrence of the genus Pristis on the coast of São Paulo State in Brazil, and there are a few studies on the use of their products in many ancient and contemporary human communities. This paper provide data about the distribution of rays of this genus in archaeological sites and the use of this resource by hunter-gatherers on the coast of São Paulo.

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26

Lenneis, Eva. "Mesolithic heritage in early Neolithic burial rituals and personal adornments." Documenta Praehistorica 34 (December 31, 2007): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.34.10.

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Some burial rituals such as cremation or the use of colorants, especially ochre, have old roots in the preceding Mesolithic and even in the Palaeolithic. The evidence for these old rituals is more dense in central or western Europe than in south east Europe, whence most of the new Neo- lithic ideas came. Among the personal adornments a small amount of snail-shell ornaments, stag tusks, tusks of wild boar and pendants made from antler are of special interest. People wearing these very traditional, old adornments are generally equipped with precious ‘new’ things such as Spondylus, ceramics, adzes etc, and therefore show them as high status people in early Neolithic society.

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27

Meggers, Betty J. "Advances in Brazilian Archeology, 1935-1985." American Antiquity 50, no. 2 (April 1985): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280494.

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Although Brazil occupies almost half the continent of South America, its archeology attracted little interest until recently from either nationals or foreigners. This is attributable to the characteristics of the remains. There are no buildings of stone, tools and ornaments of metal, or elaborate artifacts of cloth, wood, and bone. Except along the Amazon, pottery is not noted for its aesthetic qualities; even there, complete vessels with well preserved decoration are scarce. Shell middens along the southern coast are spectacular in size but deficient in cultural content. Other sites are predominantly shallow middens containing fragments of pottery, or flakes and minimally shaped tools of stone.

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Bajnóczi, Bernadett, Gabriella Schöll-Barna, Nándor Kalicz, Zsuzsanna Siklósi, George H. Hourmouziadis, Fotis Ifantidis, Aikaterini Kyparissi-Apostolika, Maria Pappa, Rena Veropoulidou, and Christina Ziota. "Tracing the source of Late Neolithic Spondylus shell ornaments by stable isotope geochemistry and cathodoluminescence microscopy." Journal of Archaeological Science 40, no. 2 (February 2013): 874–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.09.022.

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Ciarla, Roberto, Fiorella Rispoli, and Pakpadee Yukongdi. "SHELL PERSONAL ORNAMENTS CRAFT AT THE SITE OF THA KAE, LOPBURI PROVINCE, CENTRAL THAILAND. TRACING THE SOUTHWARD DISPERSAL OF THE DRILLING TECHNIQUE." Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 41 (July 10, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v41i0.15011.

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<p>The collection of mollusk remains excavated at Tha Kae has been recently re-analyzed and identified as to genera or family level. Out of 5 main fresh/salt-water mollusk families, only Conus and Tridacna were used to make personal ornaments and, for Tridacna, small adzes, during the local Bronze Age (BA) (c. 1100-500 BCE).</p><p>The study of 100 kg of production debris and of whole/fragmentary ornaments demonstrated the manufacturing cycle consisted of two main steps: 1) Procurement of the raw material; 2) Transformation in a sequence of six stages of the raw material into the base material for luxuries that arguably entered inter-regional exchange circuits. The manufacturing cycle, possibly part of a system organized at the community level, implied procurement expeditions and skilled craftspeople able to organize and use the relevant tool kit, whose origin can be traced back to the lower Yangtze valley (late fourth millennium BC). The shell-craft cycle also sheds light on the cognitive processes of the craftsmen, who had to make a choice in order to maximize the output of their work.</p>The study provides newly organized data of direct archaeological interest to the field of Southeast Asian pre-protohistory, as well as to those of social and cultural anthropology, cognitive science, marine palaeobiology and to palaeogeography.

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30

Marshall, Lydia Wilson. "Typological and Interpretive Analysis of a 19th-Century Bead Cache in Coastal Kenya." Journal of African Archaeology 10, no. 2 (October 25, 2012): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10224.

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This article provides a typological and interpretive analysis of 3968 beads unearthed at Amwathoya, a late 19th-century Giriama homestead site in Kenya’s central coastal hinterland. These beads are predominantly imported glass specimens, and most were recovered from a single cache. The typological analysis of Amwathoya’s assemblage draws on both historical bead terms from 19th-century Eastern Africa and broader classificatory schemes developed by archaeologists in other world areas. Smaller glass bead assemblages from two nearby contemporaneous settlements are also examined for comparative purposes. The interpretive analysis of Amwathoya’s beads focuses on such ornaments’ potential role in the expression of cultural and gendered identities; the use of locally produced shell beads in divination and healing practices is also explored.

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Manca, Laura, Marjan Mashkour, Sonia Shidrang, Aline Averbouh, and Fereidoun Biglari. "Bone, shell tools and ornaments from the Epipalaeolithic site of Ali Tappeh, East of Alborz Range, Iran." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 21 (October 2018): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.06.023.

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Ulinata, Ulinata, Jessica Miracella, and Yolanda Napitupulu. "Utilizing Waste from the Natural Resources of Harapan Island to Become Kitchen/Pantry Decoration Elements in Residential Homes." Asian Journal of Community Services 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ajcs.v3i2.8033.

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Lecturers and students of the Architecture Study Program at the Christian University of Indonesia together in partnership with Antheia and Fempire once again held a Community Service on Harapan Island by raising the title "Utilizing Waste from the Natural Resources of Harapan Island to Become Kitchen/Pantry Decoration Elements in Residential Homes.” This is the fourth Community Service activity on Harapan Island where the method that were used involved conducting socialization with the Harapan island’s housewives as participants with the approach involved providing instructional material from the speaker and then guiding the participants in practicing the material presented. The results showed that almost all participants were able to complete the products in form of table decorations for the pantry/kitchen as well as used bottles with shell ornaments added to them.

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Aksionov, Viktor. "Shells as a Costume Element of the Turkic-Ugric Population of the Saltiv Culture (Based on Materials from the Krasna Hirka Biritual Burial Ground)." Arheologia, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.01.101.

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In eight burials (seven inhumations and one cremation) of the Krasna Hirka burial ground in Kharkiv region, there were found the pendants made of sea shells of the mollusk «Cypraea moneta» (burials Nos. 53, 176, 180, 191, 195, 311) (figs. 1: 2, 19, 20; 2: 15, 32; 3: 11; 4: 19; 5: 9) and pendants made of the valves of river mollusks («Unió pictorum» or «Anodonta») (burials Nos. 53, 185, 309) (figs. 2: 16, 33, 34; 6: 23—29). The pendants were present in the child’s burials (burials Nos. 53, 180, 185, 191, 195, 309) and young women of childbearing age (burials Nos. 176, 311). The location of shells jewelry in the burials indicates that they were sewn on clothes and headwear (burial No. 309), they were a part of removable breast ornaments (burial No. 176) (fig. 5: 15), a handbag decoration that was hung to the belt (burial Nos. 185, 191, 311) (figs. 2: 17; 3: 1; 4: 1), also they were woven together with glass beads, bronze bells and bronze spiral beads into the braids of buried people (burials Nos. 53, 180, 195) (fig. 2: 1). The arrangement of the pendants in the burial No. 309 allows asserting that three pendants adorned the child’s cap, being sewn at the area of the temples and on the crown (fig. 7: 2). By the location of the beads, bronze beads, bells and four more pendants of mollusks shells (fig. 7: 1), it can be seen that the collar of the child’s clothes in the neck area was decorated with monochrome beads and small beads sewn on, and four shell pendants that were sewn onto the child’s clothes in the chest area (fig. 7: 3). Polychrome beads (eye-shaped and striped), together with cast bronze bells and bronze beads, were threaded into the child’s braids (fig. 7: 4). In the investigated burials, the shell pendants resembled protective amulets. The connection of these jewelry with the water element, their shape and colour (white/ pearl) indicate that they are related to the cult of the Moon and are a symbol of the Great Goddess — the mother/ progenitor of all living beings and the giver of all life’s blessings.

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Perlès, Catherine, and Marian Vanhaeren. "BlackCyclope neriteaMarine Shell Ornaments in the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Franchthi Cave, Greece: Arguments for Intentional Heat Treatment." Journal of Field Archaeology 35, no. 3 (September 2010): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/009346910x12707321358874.

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Delaere, Christophe, José M. Capriles, and Charles Stanish. "Underwater ritual offerings in the Island of the Sun and the formation of the Tiwanaku state." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 17 (April 1, 2019): 8233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820749116.

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Considerable debate surrounds the economic, political, and ideological systems that constitute primary state formation. Theoretical and empirical research emphasize the role of religion as a significant institution for promoting the consolidation and reproduction of archaic states. The Tiwanaku state developed in the Lake Titicaca Basin between the 5th and 12th centuries CE and extended its influence over much of the south-central Andes of South America. We report on recent discoveries from the first systematic underwater archaeological excavations in the Khoa Reef near the Island of the Sun, Bolivia. The depositional context and compositional properties of offerings consisting of ceramic feline incense burners, killed juvenile llamas, and sumptuary metal, shell, and lapidary ornaments allow us to reconstruct the structure and significance of cyclically repeated state rituals. Using new theoretical tools, we explain the role of these rituals in promoting the consolidation of the Tiwanaku polity.

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Levin, Maureece J., Katherine Seikel, and Aimee Miles. "A Partial Chronological Sequence of Human Habitation for Pingelap Atoll (Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia)." Radiocarbon 61, no. 03 (April 23, 2019): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.30.

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ABSTRACTPingelap Atoll, 1.8 km2 in area and nearly 70 km from the nearest island, presents a clear example of anthropogenic niche-building in physically isolated circumstances with limited resources. This paper presents the first radiocarbon (14C) dates (n=8) from an archaeological project examining settlement and subsistence practices on the atoll, specifically how Pingelapese people have constructed the environment to meet their needs over centuries of occupation. These dates confirm that human occupation of Pingelap occurred by 1700–1550 cal BP (2σ) at the latest, only a few centuries after the earliest securely-dated settlement of high islands in the region (Kosrae and Pohnpei), and with strikingly similar timing to another atoll in the region, Mwoakilloa. Evidence of early settlement includes shell tools, ornaments, extensive marine faunal remains, and charred botanical domesticates. These preliminary data build a framework for the settlement history and environment building of Pingelap.

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Simakova, Yu, S. Kravchuk, and N. Garin. "THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH AS AN OBJECT OF DESIGN INTERPRETATION (REGARDING OB UGRIC PEOPLE)." Technical Aesthetics and Design Research 2, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2687-0878-2020-2-2-5-17.

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The article presents the study of the design application, namely practical use of the elements of the traditional culture of Ob Ugric people, that include scenic compositions of rites and rituals as well as contextual attributes and decorations (ornaments). The research goal is to formulate a method of design interpretation that provides for ethically and efficiently embedment of elements of traditional culture into the semantic and image-bearing field of contemporary multicultural reality. This method is expected to further address the challenge of the deliberate development of a new/hybrid culture in the studied region (and, in a broad sense, in the entire territory of the Russian North). The novelty of the research is the detailed exploration of structural elements of the chosen culture in combination with the synchronous selection of tools, such as concepts of social and human sciences, as well as the means of a design that include formal, spatial, social, economic, ecological and technological representations. The basic methodology for analyzing research materials a systemic approach and structural elements of culture such as ornaments, rituals, and rituals were examined in a united figurative and semantic context. The combination of the methods of historical analysis and field ethnography allowed to identify the content and evolution of the studied phenomenon, as well as to consider individual cultural patterns and actions in real place and time. The proposed method of interpretation includes two following logical steps of identification: (1) the non-changeable content of the cultural core, which provides an inherent connection with the environment where the given culture takes place, and (2) the outer layer (material shell) that is available for transformation/modernization. As a result, the proposed method is presented through, first, the theoretical principles of a proper design interpretation based on the existing examples of cultural borrowings (with the case of traditional ornaments); and second, an educational experiment of designing a new Northern culture through borrowing and interpreting the traditional festivity “The Crow’s Day,” with a potential implementation within the local tourism industry. The final part describes the broad research relevance of the findings, along with the limitations and directions for further research.

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Kim, Jae Youn. "Comparison of Hongshan Culture and Neolithic Burial Customs in Northeast Asia." KOREA NEOLITHIC RESEARCH SOCIETY 43 (June 30, 2022): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35186/jkns.2022.43.57.

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The Hongshan culture, which represents the Neolithic culture of the northeast region of China, has distinct characteristics that the tombs and their burials represent this culture. This characteristic was more clearly revealed when compared with the Neolithic culture of coexisting Northeast Asia including Korea. A stone tomb called Jeokseokchong was also discovered in the Xiaozhushan upper-class culture, which is adjacent to the Hongsan culture. In Primorsky and Korea, earthen graves are found in tomb groups. However, in Korea, in addition to earthen graves, there are various types of coffin graves and mass burial tombs compared to those of Primorsky Krai. In the tomb of the Hongsan culture, not only the representative stamping earthenware of this culture, but also colored earthenware and jade instruments of various shapes were excavated. On the other hand, from the Xiaozhushan Upper Culture, not only earthenware such as feet, high plates, and cup-shaped earthenware, but also earthenware from the Shandong Longshan culture were excavated. It is different from the Hongshan culture. Not only earthenware, but also various ornaments and hunting implements were excavated from the Boisman Cultural Tomb in Primorsky Krai. The custom of deliberately deforming skulls in male and female human bones is also found. In Korea, during the period of coexistence with Hongsan culture, earthen graves were identified as groups in Janghang and Yeondaedo in Gadeokdo. Round-bottomed earthenware is mainly excavated, and it is a raised gate. In addition to earthenware, there are ornaments and hunting tools such as anklets, shell bracelets, crown jewels, and jade earrings. In Primorye and Korea, in addition to earthenware and ornaments, hunting tools are also stored, but it was not found in the Hongsan culture using stone graves and in the upper culture of Xiaozhushan. It was also found that among the burials of Northeast Asian tombs, Hongsan culture, Boisman culture, and Gadeok also differ according to gender in Janghang ruins. Among burial items, jade earrings are commonly identified, and they are classified and compared with the period of coexistence with the Hongsan culture. As a result, the relics of Hongsan culture are different in size and shape from those of Korea and Primorsky Krai. Rather, in Korea, there has been a tradition of making jade earrings since earlier than the Yoseo region.

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Then-Obłuska, Joanna. "Early Makuria Research Project. Royal ornaments of the Late Antique African kingdom, Early Makuria, Nubia (AD 450–550)." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 26, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 687–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1817.

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After the fall of the Meroe kingdom, three entities – Nobadia, Early Makuria, and Alwa (Alodia) – emerged in northeast Africa between the 4th and the 6th centuries AD. Richly furnished elite cemeteries with tombs of the Nobadian kings are known from Qustul and Ballaña in Lower Nubia (Emery and Kirwan 1938), but until now no royal tombs of Early Makuria have been identified. A comparative analysis of some recently excavated adornments and ornaments from the tumulus cemetery of el-Zuma in Upper Nubia have now enabled the Early Makuria royal tombs (AD 450–550) to be placed there. The assemblages from three large tumuli are dominated by personal adornments (beads, pendants, earrings, chains, crosses, and a ring), royal regalia (cabochons and settings), and other decorated items (metal sheets, an intarsia and ivory gaming pieces). Apart from beads of various materials, like marine mollusk shell, ostrich eggshell, faience and stone, which were made probably in local workshops, the remaining items were imports from the Mediterranean and Sri Lanka/South India (glass beads in the latter case). Moreover, many of the decorated objects and the techniques used to make them find parallels in the elite Nobadian cemeteries of Qustul and Ballaña, hinting at the royal origin of some of the Early Makuria tomb owners at el-Zuma. These parallels induce the thought that there was a single workshop in late antique Nubia producing artifacts for the elite.

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Aoyama, Kazuo. "Microwear Analysis in the Southeast Maya Lowlands: Two Case Studies at Copan, Honduras." Latin American Antiquity 6, no. 2 (June 1995): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972148.

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Based on the results of 267 replication experiments with obsidian, chalcedony, and agate tools conducted with a range of working materials, I have classified use-wear patterns using Keeley's high-resolution approach to establish a framework for interpretation of stone-tool use. This paper describes the results of microwear analysis of two assemblages of lithic artifacts from the late Late Classic period (A. D. 763-850) at Copán, western Honduras, and shows how the use-wear data can be interpreted within the archaeological contexts and help to investigate how ancient complex societies functioned as well as how and why they changed. Microwear analysis of chipped-stone artifacts collected in front of Structure 10L-16 and artifacts from Structure 10L-22A show clear differences between the two assemblages. In accordance with the archaeological, epigraphic, and iconographic evidence, the low use-intensity of chipped stone from the first structure could have originated from special use such as ritual, production of marine shell ornaments, etc., during the reign of Yax Pac. Marine shell craft production may have been carried out by members of the royal family or attached specialists serving the ruler. The relatively high use-intensity observable in the second assemblage may reinforce the hypothesis that the building was a Classic Maya popol na (council house) in which feasts or banquets were prepared. If this was the case, use-wear data might support epigraphic and iconographic evidence that suggests the weakening and eventual demise of centralized political authority at Copán in the ninth century.

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Ma, Xueping, and Jed Day. "Revision of selected North American and Eurasian Late Devonian (Frasnian) species of Cyrtospirifer and Regelia (Brachiopoda)." Journal of Paleontology 77, no. 2 (March 2003): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000043638.

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Study of the shell features of Givetian and Frasnian spiriferid brachiopods attributed to the genus Cyrtospirifer shows that the type species C. verneuili has micro-ornament consisting of fine concentric growth lines, radial capillae, with microspines arising from some capillae, spine bases appear to extend into the primary shell layer. Its dorsal interior features a pseudoseptum supporting the cardinalia. Micro-ornament of Cyrtospirifer varies widely and is a useful criterion for characterization of species of the genus. Most Frasnian species retained in the genus have micropustulate shells. Two late Givetian and Frasnian phylogenetic species groups of Cyrtospirifer are recognized based on similarities of shell form and external and internal shell features. Species of the verneuilisyringothyriformis group have transverse alate shells, and are the most abundant and widespread group in Frasnian deposits worldwide. The verneuiliformis group includes the oldest known species of Cyrtospirifer with narrow hinges and more inflated ventral valves where shell width is close to or equal to length. The oldest Cyrtospirifer originated in western Europe during the late Givetian, and subsequently migrated at different times during the Frasnian into other shelf areas of Eurasia, North America and China. The initial migration of Cyrtospirifer into tropical and subtropical shelf settings in North America coincided with the middle Frasnian eustatic sea level rise of Devonian Transgressive-Regressive (T-R) cycle IIc of Johnson and others. A second late Frasnian dispersal from western Canada to subtropical carbonate and clastic shelves in the southwestern and central U.S. coincided with the initial sea level rise of T-R cycle IId of Johnson and others. The Frasnian species Cyrtospirifer glaucus Crickmay, 1952a (middle Frasnian of western Canada) is the type species for Regelia Crickmay, 1952b, and is considered a valid genus, and is not a synonym of C. chemungensis (Conrad, 1842) as previously interpreted by some authors. Regelia differs from Cyrtospirifer in the absence of a delthyrial plate, complete in-filling of the delthyrial cavity by secondary shell material, its simpler rod-like teeth, and its fewer medial sinal shell plications. Species of Regelia are restricted to the middle to late Frasnian of North America.

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Rigaud, S., and I. Gutiérrez-Zugasti. "Symbolism among the last hunter–fisher–gatherers in northern Iberia: Personal ornaments from El Mazo and El Toral III Mesolithic shell midden sites." Quaternary International 407 (July 2016): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.029.

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Ratnawati, Ratnawati, and Ahmad Yani. "Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Kulit Kerang Untuk Barang Kerajinan Masyarakat Daerah Pesisir Kota Bontang." BERDAYA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36407/berdaya.v2i1.168.

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ABSTRAK Kota Bontangmerupakanwilayahnyasebagianbesarberada di dareahpesisi, terutama laut yang mempunyai beraneka ragam biota Pemilihan kerang laut sebagai bahan usaha didasarkan dengan minimnya pemanfaatan kerang laut untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari sehingga kami memiliki ide untuk mengembangkan kerajinan kerang laut tersebut. Selain harga kerang laut itu sendiri relative murah. Pemanfaatan kerang laut sebagai bahan pembuatan souvenir maupun hiasan buatan tangan merupakan peluang usaha yang memiliki prospek menjanjikan Selain itu, souvenir maupun hiasan yang diproduksi secara handmade juga menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi masyarakat di daerah tersebut karena keunikannya. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah melatih masyarakat membuat desain produk kerajinan kerang dari bahanbaku kulit kerang limbah (kulit kerang kualitas jelek/sisa kulit kerang yang biasanya dibuang) menjadi produk kerajinan yang menarik, indah, dan memiliki citarasa seni yang tinggi. Dari hasil pelatihan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada Pelatihan yang telah dilaksanakan memilikimanfaat besar bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan daya saing produk. Manfaat bagi Sekolah Tinggi akan menambah jejaring dan kepercayaan yang besar dari masyarakat pengguna dunia pendidikan dan intansi pemerintah. Kata Kunci: Pemanfaatan, kulitkerang, kerajinan ABSTRACTThe city of Bontang is a large part of its territory in the coastal area, especially the sea which has a variety of biota. The choice of sea shells as a business material is based on the lack of utilization of seashells for daily needs so we have an idea to develop the craft of sea shells. Besides the price of seashells itself is relatively cheap. The use of sea shells as materials for making souvenirs and handmade decoration is a business opportunity that has a promising prospect. In addition, souvenirs and ornaments that are produced handmade are also a special attraction for people in the area because of its uniqueness. The purpose of this training is to train the community to make shell craft product designs from raw materials of waste shells (poor quality shells / left over shells that are usually thrown away) into attractive, beautiful, and high artistic taste handicraft products. From the results of this training, it can be concluded that the training that has been carried out has great benefits for the community to improve product competitiveness. The benefits for tertiary institutions will add to the network and the great trust of the community who use education and government institutions. Keywords: Utilization, seashells, crafts

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Girchenko, Ekaterina A. "Nankuanli and Nankuanli Tung Archaeological Sites in the Context of the Reconstruction of the Economy of the Taiwan Early Neolithic Population." Oriental Studies 18, no. 10 (2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-10-9-15.

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In the 1960s, K.C. Chang proposed that Tapenkeng (Dabenkeng) inhabitants could be migrants from mainland China to the island and the ancestors of modern indigenous peoples. The first settlers could be characterized by corded pottery, a wide range of fishing tools, polished stone axes and adzes, marine economy and shell ornaments. The article presents the results of investigations of archaeological sites in Tainan County – Nankuanli (Nanguangli) and Nankuanli Tung (Nanguangli Dong) which provide essential and detailed information regarding the question of the peopling of Taiwan approximately 6000 years ago. The article focuses on publications that discuss the economy and way of life of the first settlers of the Taiwanese seaside who strongly relied on marine food resources. Faunal data played an important role in the reconstruction of resource use. A big amount of shell remains indicate their significant role in the diet of ancient inhabitants. About 21 families and 49 species of gastropods and bivalves were identified by Taiwanese scientists. Remnants of dogs, deer, wild boar and muntjac were also found. Fish bones was the most abundant food resource in the Nankuanli region – 17 fish families can be identified. Analyses of the excavated materials indicate a gradual shift of these settlements from temporary to places of permanent habitation and intensive exploration of nearby environments. Taiwanese archaeologists also conclude that the inhabitants of this area were not isolated and had strong long-distance connections with Penghu archipelago and the eastern coast of Taiwan (Pinglin in Hualien) from where they sourced raw materials such as jade and olivine basalt. Therefore, they had sailing crafts suitable for open sea voyaging. Also, according to the finds of carbonized rice and millet remains these settlers had learned advanced farming technology.

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Sukandar, Sri Chiirullia. "PULAU ABIDON: POTENSI ARKEOLOGI DI KAWASAN PULAU TERLUAR RAJA AMPAT [PULAU ABIDON: THE POTENCY OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE RAJA AMPAT OUTER ISLANDS]." Naditira Widya 14, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/nw.v14i2.420.

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Pulau Abidon merupakan suatu pulau karang berbukit-bukit yang berada di kawasan pulau-pulau terluar Raja Ampat di Papua Barat bagian utara. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai potensi arkeologi yang terdapat di situs gua-gua di Pulau Abidon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami potensi arkeologi yang terdapat di Pulau Abidon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif. Berdasarkan data dan hasil analisis diindikasikan adanya persentuhan budaya asing yang masuk ke kawasan Papua. Potensi arkeologis tersebut dibuktikan dengan tinggalan fragmen gerabah dan lukisan dinding gua. Gambar arang di Gua Abidon 3 menggambarkan kontak budaya dengan penutur bahasa Austronesia. Lebih lanjut, hunian gua dibuktikan dengan temuan berupa alat-alat dari batu, tulang, dan kerang, fragmen gerabah, dan perhiasan kerang. Tinggalan budaya di gua-gua pulau Abidon diduga merupakan alat-alat penunjang kehidupan para penghuninya. Pulau Abidon is a hilly coral island located in the outer islands of Raja Ampat in the northern region of Papua Barat. This research discusses the potency of archaeology in cave sites on Pulau Abidon. This research was aimed to comprehend the archaeology of Pulau Abidon. The method used in this research is exploratory. Based on the data and analysis results, it is indicated that there was a cultural contact with a foreign culture that entered the Papua region. This potency of archaeology was evident by potsherds and rock arts. The charcoal drawings in Gua Abidon 3 illustrate a cultural contact with the Austronesian-language speakers. Furthermore, the cave habitation was evident also by the discovery of tools of stone, bones and shells, and shell ornaments. The cultural heritage in the caves on Pulau Abidon is suggested to be a means of supporting the life of the inhabitants.

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Mushi, Ngesa Ezekiel, Edina Meela, and Divina Kaombe. "Effective Enhancement of Post-Harvest Tomato Storage through Wrapping Using Deacetylated Chitin Nanofibril-Plasticized Honey Films." Tanzania Journal of Science 49, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v49i3.14.

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As one of the most grown seasonal fruit, tomato is widely consumed for making food products, drugs and ornaments. However, poor post-harvest handling system, transport and storage facilities deteriorate the quality of tomato fruits resulting into post-harvest losses. These problems have been addressed by the use of nanotechnology in this study. The combination of a chitosan surface and the core shell chitin results into novel deacetylated chitin nanofibril (DeChNF) with good biological activity and mechanical strength. The effectiveness of the DeChNF films for food preservation as an alternative material to chitosan is investigated. The DeChNF with degree of acetylation (DA) = 60.2% and chitosan (DA = 7.1%) were obtained from crab shells. Two appraches were employed to store freshly matured tomatoes harvested at a breaker stage. The tomatoes were coated with the colloidal suspension and wrapped in the films. Flexible wrapping films were prepared from the colloidal suspension through solution casting using bees honey (35%) and compared to those with glycerol (25%) as plastisizers. The main output storage parameters analysed include colour development, surface spoilage, and weight loss over 20 days at a 73% relative humidity. Tomatoes covered with DeChNF-honey and chitosan-honey films remained in good condition after 20 days, while the coated samples lasted for up to 15 days, except those coated with DeChNF, and those covered with a polyethylene films or stored in a refrigerator at 9 °C. The samples covered with DeChNF films plasticized with honey showed the best resistance against weight loss. The tensile strength of the DeChNF-honey films (strength = 21.32 MPa) and the chitosan-honey films (strength = 21.86 MPa) were higher than the polyethylene films (10.9 MPa). The current work increases understanding on DeChNF as an alternative material, with additional of honey as a plasticizer, over the superior chitosan, or commercial films based on fossil resources.

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Yahodynska, M. O., V. V. Ilchyshyn, and M. P. Sokhatsky. "NEW RESEARCH ON BURIALS OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORAE CULTURE IN TERNOPIL REGION." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 46, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.01.05.

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The article introduces the results of archaeological research in the tombs of the Globular Amphorae culture near the Bilyi Potik and Ozeriany villages of Chortkiv district, Ternopil region (Western Podillia). The description of the archaeological material found during the excavations has been provided. Both tombs from Bilyi Potik and Ozeriany differ in number and composition of the buried individuals. All those buried in Bilyi Potik were men. There were two men, two women and a child in Ozeriany. The question of their family relations remains open before additional research. The set of accompanying items is also different: in Bilyi Potik — 10 pots and a lid, two flint axes, a chisel, three knife-like plates, four parts of bone buckles, a bone pricker, two fangs and a small pig bone; in Ozeriany — 11 pots, a lid, one flint ax and two fragments from axes, four amber beads, a half of a bone buckle, three pig tusks and one large bone (part of a leg?) of a cattle (?). The pottery also differs in the affinity of the ornaments. The vessels in Bilyi Potik varied by its clay mass (ceramics with chamotte and plant remains predominated, ceramics with predominance of sand admixture was in a smaller amount). The pottery ornamentation was not only with triangles filled with scaly ornamentation, but also with pseudo-cord ornamentation. The bottom of the pots is flat in 8 cases, convex in 2 cases. Pots had two symmetrical handles. In two cases, the engobe is fixed. Handmade vessels from the tomb in Ozeriany are mostly made of clay with the addition of a large amount of sand with crushed flint or crushed shell. All pots have a flat bottom, in three cases the pots have two symmetrical handles, one has 4 handles, and one has 4 pseudo handles. Three pots from a ceramic set have no ornamentation. The surface decoration of other pots is more diverse. In addition to the traditional subtriangular ornament with a scaly filling, the pots are decorated with zig-zags, double horizontal and vertical lines, stamped with round teeth, and bands of short vertical and horizontal lines.

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48

Bosch, Marjolein D., Marcello A. Mannino, Amy L. Prendergast, Tamsin C. O’Connell, Beatrice Demarchi, Sheila M. Taylor, Laura Niven, Johannes van der Plicht, and Jean-Jacques Hublin. "New chronology for Ksâr ‘Akil (Lebanon) supports Levantine route of modern human dispersal into Europe." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 25 (June 1, 2015): 7683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501529112.

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Modern human dispersal into Europe is thought to have occurred with the start of the Upper Paleolithic around 50,000–40,000 y ago. The Levantine corridor hypothesis suggests that modern humans from Africa spread into Europe via the Levant. Ksâr ‘Akil (Lebanon), with its deeply stratified Initial (IUP) and Early (EUP) Upper Paleolithic sequence containing modern human remains, has played an important part in the debate. The latest chronology for the site, based on AMS radiocarbon dates of shell ornaments, suggests that the appearance of the Levantine IUP is later than the start of the first Upper Paleolithic in Europe, thus questioning the Levantine corridor hypothesis. Here we report a series of AMS radiocarbon dates on the marine gastropodPhorcus turbinatusassociated with modern human remains and IUP and EUP stone tools from Ksâr ‘Akil. Our results, supported by an evaluation of individual sample integrity, place the EUP layer containing the skeleton known as “Egbert” between 43,200 and 42,900 cal B.P. and the IUP-associated modern human maxilla known as “Ethelruda” before ∼45,900 cal B.P. This chronology is in line with those of other Levantine IUP and EUP sites and demonstrates that the presence of modern humans associated with Upper Paleolithic toolkits in the Levant predates all modern human fossils from Europe. The age of the IUP-associated Ethelruda fossil is significant for the spread of modern humans carrying the IUP into Europe and suggests a rapid initial colonization of Europe by our species.

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49

Kulakovska, L. V., V. I. Usyk, P. Haesarts, S. Pirson, O. M. Kononenko, and Ph Nigst. "THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE KORMAN’ 9." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 32, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.03.09.

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Near the village of Korman’ (Sokyryany district, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine) several Palaeolithic sites are known. In the 1960s and 70s, O. P. Chernysh conducted archaeological studies of the site Korman’ IV. In 2012 the new Palaeolithic site named as Korman’ 9 was discovered by the Dniester Palaeolithic expedition of the IA NASU. A preliminary fieldwork season was conducted in 2013. The main research focused on the chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental study of the site. In the approximately 4 metres thick Quaternary deposits (dating to the late Pleniglacial), three Upper Paleolithic levels were observed. The main raw materials used by late Pelistocene humans were local Turonian and Cenomanian flint. The faunal remains in all levels are dominated by reindeer. In level I two fireplaces were recorded. One about 1 m in diameter has a layer of burnt loess at its bottom with a thickness of about 10 cm. The collection of 932 lithic artifacts comprises cores, tools, blanks, chips, and chunks. The primary knapping is characterized by parallel uni- and bi-directional blade, bladelet and microblade production. The tools (n = 92) are dominated by backed bladelets / microblades (n = 69). There is a single endscraper, and the few burins are represented by dihedral burins (n = 2), one bruin on a a break and one on a truncation. Other tools represented are bilaterally retouched points, borer, combination tool and retouched pieces. Additionally, in level I, the following personal ornaments were found: one pendant of amber, one pendant of fox tooth, one pendant of a perforated shell and three shell beads. Level II. A collection of 20 flint artifacts is presented exclusively by the products of primary flaking. In level III, a small number of flint artifacts (n = 67) were recovered, including two cores, one endscraper, and three retouched pieces. The lithic industry of level I, according to the technical-typological characteristic and chronostratigraphic position, can be attributed to the Epi-Gravettian technocomplex. It is possible, that the collection of level II also belongs to the same technocomplex, but due to the small number of finds, the authors refrain from concrete conclusions. Collection of level III on the base of morphological features can be attributed to the Gravettian technocomplex and is currently undated.

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50

Crofts, S. B., and A. P. Summers. "How to best smash a snail: the effect of tooth shape on crushing load." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 92 (March 6, 2014): 20131053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1053.

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Organisms that are durophagous, hard prey consumers, have a diversity of tooth forms. To determine why we see this variation, we tested whether some tooth forms break shells better than others. We measured the force needed with three series of aluminium tooth models, which varied in concavity and the morphology of a stress concentrating cusp, to break a shell. We created functionally identical copies of two intertidal snail shells: the thicker shelled Nucella ostrina and the more ornamented Nucella lamellosa using a three-dimensional printer. In this way, we reduced variation in material properties between test shells, allowing us to test only the interaction of the experimental teeth with the two shell morphologies. We found that for all tooth shapes, thicker shells are harder to break than the thinner shells and that increased ornamentation has no discernible effect. Our results show that for both shell morphologies, domed and flat teeth break shells better than cupped teeth, and teeth with tall or skinny cusps break shells best. While our results indicate that there is an ideal tooth form for shell breaking, we do not see this shape in nature. This suggests a probable trade-off between tooth function and the structural integrity of the tooth.

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