Статті в журналах: "SHEAR CORE WITH OUTRIGGER"

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Kushwaha, Vandana, and Neeti Mishra. "A Review on Dynamic Analysis of Outrigger Systems in High Rise Building against Lateral Loading." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41317.

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Abstract: In this research dynamic analysis of outrigger system was carried out for a 60-storey building having an overall height of 180 m. First of all, comparison of performance between single and multi-outrigger was drawn, then analysis was carried out on different outriggers such as X, V, Inverted V and shear wall. Outriggers were placed according to Taranto theory i.e. (1/n+1), (2/n+1), (3/n+1), (4/n+1) … (n/n+1) of height [30]. Frame with only shear wall core and other outrigger models were analysed in ETABS software and different parameters as Maximum Story Displacement, Maximum Story Drift and Story Shears was compared. By analysing all the models by dynamic analysis for Earthquake Load (Response Spectrum) and static analysis for Wind Load it was concluded that structure becomes more resistive to lateral load with increase in no. of outriggers. Between X, V and inverted V type steel outrigger, inverted V is most effective but when shear wall was used as an outrigger, it gave better results than steel outriggers. Also belt trusses or shear bands increases the effect of outriggers even more. Keywords: Outrigger System, ETABS, Dynamic Analysis, Static Analysis, Lateral Load

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Patel, Pankaj. "Comparative analysis of Wall Belt Systems, Shear Core Outrigger Systems and Truss Belt Systems on Residential Apartment." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38686.

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Abstract: The outrigger structural system is one of the horizontal load resisting systems. In this system the belt truss ties all the external columns on the periphery of the structure and the outriggers connect these belt trusses to the central core of the structure thus restraining the exterior columns from rotation. The shear wall was implemented to oppose lateral loads. To complete these characteristic the Outrigger & wall belt system used in the structure. In this project a G+10 Storey structure has analysed using seven different cases named as RA1 to RA7-OTB. 1 to 7 indicates single outrigger system, shear core outrigger system truss belt support system with optimized trusses, at various locations under seismic zone III. The built up area used for various case as 315 sq. m. After performing result analysis, the comparative analysis of all the cases shows that the most efficient case for the above study is Case RA4. Here for efficiency of the project, two types of optimized truss belt support which has performed well and observed as most optimized and correspondingly minimum in all the cases. Keywords: Truss wall belt support, core wall belt support, outrigger, wall belt, CSI-ETABS, multi-storey

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3

Xu, Ze Yao, Qian Lin, and Jian Lin Zhang. "Dynamic Response of Damped Outrigger System for Frame-Core Tube Structure under Earthquake Loads." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1203.

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The novel passive energy dissipation system named Damped Outrigger System for frame-core tube structure is introduced in recent years, in which the outrigger and perimeter columns are separate, and the vertically acting fluid-viscous dampers connect the end of each of the outrigger walls to the adjacent perimeter column. In this paper, a new simplified model of this structure is studied by considering the damping force and shear stiffness of the core tube and lateral stiffness of the frame with finite element method. The shear correction factor is also employed to consider the shape of the core tube cross section. The numerical example shows that the displacement and the inter-story drift of the structure are reduced effectively under earthquake loads. It means that the damped outrigger is an innovative solution to resisting earthquake loads for frame-core tube structure.

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Çelebi, Mehmet. "Responses of a 58-Story RC Dual Core Shear Wall and Outrigger Frame Building Inferred from Two Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 4 (November 2016): 2449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/011916eqs018m.

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Responses of a dual core shear-wall and outrigger-framed 58-story building recorded during the Mw6.0 Napa earthquake of 24 August 2014 and the Mw3.8 Berkeley earthquake of 20 October 2011 are used to identify its dynamic characteristics and behavior. Fundamental frequencies are 0.28 Hz (NS), 0.25 Hz (EW), and 0.43 Hz (torsional). Rigid body motions due to rocking are not significant. Average drift ratios are small. Outrigger frames do not affect average drift ratios or mode shapes. Local site effects do not affect the response; however, response associated with deeper structure may be substantial. A beating effect is observed from data of both earthquakes but beating periods are not consistent. Low critical damping ratios may have contributed to the beating effect. Torsion is relatively larger above outriggers as indicated by the time-histories of motions at the roof, possibly due to the discontinuity of the stiffer shear walls above level 47.

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5

Swati Nigdikar and V. S. Shingade. "A seismic behavior of RCC high rise structure with and without outrigger and belt truss system for different earthquake zones and type of soil." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.1.0156.

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In the present era, there is more demand for high-rise buildings. The growing de- mand for high-rise buildings brings new difficulties and comes up with new safety precautions. With an increase in height of the structure, its rigidity reduces, making it difficult to withstand earthquake and wind effects, hence some preventative structural systems must be used. Some of them are bracings, shear walls, outrig- ger systems and belt truss systems etc. The outrigger and belt truss system is investigated in this study since it is the most effective method for high-rise buildings and skyscrapers. To prevent story drift and the rotational action of the core caused by seismic and wind forces, the external columns in an outrigger system are attached to the main inner or outer core using outrigger beams, walls, and trusses etc. at various floor levels. All external columns that are situated at the peripheral are connected together with truss elements in a belt truss system. This study investigates the comparison of the behavior of high-rise buildings with and without an outrigger system, and belt truss system for all seismic zones (zone II, III, IV and V) with different types of soil (hard, medium, soft). This study is carried out for 40 story buildings using response spectrum analysis. Analysis of the building is carried out by using ETABS 2018 software. The results are in the form of seismic responses like storey displacement, Storey drift, base shear are studied. Results show that the provision of an outrigger and belt truss system reduces the story displacement of the structure. After analysis and comparing the seismic responses of the structure, the building provided with the combination of outrigger and belt truss system perform better as compared to the only outrigger and belt truss system.

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Wang, Zhi Hao. "Free Vibration Analysis of Frame-Core Tube Structures Attached with Damped Outriggers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.648.

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The classical outrigger in frame-core tube structure cantilevering from the core tube or shear wall connected to the perimeter columns directly, which can effectively improve the lateral stiffness of the structure. A new energy-dissipation system for such structural system is studied, where the outrigger and perimeter columns are separate and vertical viscous dampers are equipped between the outrigger and perimeter columns to make full use of the relative big displacement of two components. The effectiveness of proposed system is evaluated by means of the modal damping ratio based on the proposed simplified model. The mathematic models of the structural system are obtained with both the assumed mode shape method and finite element method according to the simplified calculation diagram. Based on the modal damping ratio, the optimal damping coefficients of linear viscous dampers are determined, and effectiveness of proposed system is confirmed.

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7

Shin, Sung Woo, Cheul Kyu Jung, and Kwang Soo Lee. "Control of Lateral Displacement for Super Tall Building by Floor & Partial 3D Brace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1251.

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Present control system of lateral displacement for super tall building has problems as follows, stress concentrate on some floor, shear lag, restriction on architectural design, etc. Thus in spite of superior structural ability the efficiency of system is so lessened. This study is about the system that using X type Floor brace and Partial 3D brace, for the purpose of lateral displacement control. This system is a method that distribute lateral loads equally inner wall. According to analysis result, Floor brace and Partial 3D brace system have equal or superior lateral displacement control ability of Outrigger system, by control of brace shape, arrangement, stiffness. When reducing core ratio, Floor brace system shows similar displacement control as outrigger system. If core shape becomes rectangular, Partial 3D brace system does not show difference in maximum displacement in X and Y directions as large as in Outrigger system. Also in case of Outrigger system, abrupt lateral displacement occurs by wind load nearby the outrigger floor. On the contrary, Partial 3D brace system is a structural system advantageous for habitability near specific floor since smaller lateral displacement is shown to reduce the effects of wind vibration and wind acceleration.

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8

Samat, Roslida Abd, Nasly Mohamed Ali, Abdul Kadir Marsono, and Abu Bakar Fadzil. "The Role of Belt Wall in Minimizing The Response Due To Wind Load." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926601009.

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Outrigger is one of the tall building structural systems that are used to reduce the building responses due to the wind. Outrigger is a stiff beam that connects the core wall to exterior columns and this enables the vertical shear to be transferred from the core to the external columns, thereby forcing the perimeter columns to participate in carrying the overturning moment due to the wind. Belt wall is often added to a building with outrigger system to further reduce the displacement and acceleration of a tall building having an outrigger system. However, it is not known how effective the belt wall is in further reducing the building responses. Thus, 64 story reinforced concrete buildings are studied in order to determine how the belt wall improves the building responses due to the wind. Buildings with an outrigger system and buildings with a combination of the outrigger and belt wall system are analysed by a structural engineering software in order to determine the natural frequencies and eigenvectors in the along-wind, across-wind and torsional direction. The along-wind responses are determined by employing the procedures from the ASCE 7-16 while the across-wind responses of the buildings are calculated based on the procedures and wind tunnel data available in a database of aerodynamic load. Results from the analysis show that the belt wall reduces the along-wind and across-wind responses slightly. However, belt wall reduces the torsional acceleration of the buildings significantly, which otherwise cannot be reduced by the outrigger system.

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9

Kharade, S. S., and P. B. Salgar. "Review on High Rise Building with Outrigger and Belt Truss System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46211.

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Abstract: In present era there is more demand of high rise building. The growing demand for high-rise buildings brings new difficulties and comes up with new safety precautions. With increase in height of structure its rigidity reduces, making it difficult to withstand with earthquake and wind effects, hence some preventative structural systems must be used. Some of them are bracings, shear wall, outrigger system and belt truss system etc. The outrigger and belt truss system is investigated in this study since it has been found to be the most effective method for high rise buildings and skyscrapers. To prevent story drift and the rotational action of the core caused by seismic and wind forces, the external columns in an outrigger system are attached to the main inner or outer core using outrigger beams, walls, trusses etc. at various floor levels. All external columns that are situated at the peripheral are connected together with truss elements in a belt truss system. A number of studies on this subject that have been done in the past are reviewed in this paper. Reviewing research papers let us know about the conclusive results, which served as the basis for the objective of our future study. One of the best systems for controlling excessive drift and lateral displacement caused by lateral loads is the outrigger and belt truss system. By using this system, the risk of structural and non-structural damage can be reduced during small or medium lateral loads caused by either wind or earthquake load

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10

Ahmed, Mohammed Mudabbir, and Khaja Musab Manzoor. "A Comparative Study On The Seismic Performance Of Multi-storey Buildings With Different Structural Systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012020.

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Abstract The increasing need of shelter in urban cities due to overpopulated spaces and land inadequacy has forced people to limit their needs and spaces. High-rise buildings are the best solution for providing people space for living and to work on, as the buildings are getting higher and slender, they are exposed to different loading condition, which leads the building to experience higher lateral deformations. With the help of different structural systems, the lateral stiffness of the buildings can be improved, there are many structural systems introduced for the high-rise structures which can provide the buildings adequate strength and stability against lateral loading. This paper examines behaviour of Special Moment Resisting Frame System with shear wall, Outrigger Core Belt Truss Structural System and Braced Frame System on a 30 storey building under worst seismic conditions in India i.e. Zone V. To understand effectiveness of the structural systems subjected to lateral loads, three different structural system are modelled using 3D finite element software ETABS 2018, all the models are subjected to the same loading conditions with same geometrical dimension and typical storey height. Comparison is examined on the basis of different parameters like Modal Mass Participation, Base shear, storey shear, Time period, Lateral displacement, storey drift, storey stiffness, and performance points. It was observed by the dynamic analysis method i.e., response spectrum analysis, and non-liner static analysis, the parameters which were compared between three structural system observed that building with outrigger core belt truss system performs better than Special Moment Resisting Frame + Shear Wall and Braced Frame Structural System.

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11

Davari, Seyed Mozafar, Mohsen Malekinejad, and Reza Rahgozar. "Static Analysis of Tall Buildings with Combined System of Framed Tube, Shear Core, Outrigger and Belt Truss." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 1071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/ijet/2019/v11i5/191105003.

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12

Dangi, Archit, and Sagar Jamle. "Determination of Seismic parameters of R.C.C. Building Using Shear Core Outrigger, Wall Belt and Truss Belt Systems." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 9 (2018): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.5.9.36.

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13

Kamgar, Reza, and Reza Rahgozar. "Determination of optimum location for flexible outrigger systems in tall buildings with constant cross section consisting of framed tube, shear core, belt truss and outrigger system using energy method." International Journal of Steel Structures 17, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-014-0172-8.

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14

Sun, Fei F., Lei Xiao, and Hu Cao. "Test and analysis on a novel self-restoring uplift column." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 11 (January 19, 2018): 1620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217753693.

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A novel self-restoring uplift column was proposed to allow uplift of exterior column bases of core-outrigger structures, which may make upper structure rock and hence mitigate seismic damage. The self-restoring uplift column consists of two steel sub-columns, a steel shear panel and several post-tensioned strands. Besides uplift mechanism, energy dissipating and self-restoring mechanisms were involved to dissipate energy and reduce structural residual drift, respectively. Low cycle test of four one-seventh scaled specimens were conducted and then simulated by finite element analysis. Self-restoring capability and satisfactory energy dissipating ability were observed in experimental results. The calibrated finite element models were then used to explore key design issues of the self-restoring uplift column. It was indicated that the elastic state of post-tensioned strands and sufficient restoring force were the two main factors influencing the restoring behavior most. A simplified model for axial behavior of the self-restoring uplift column was developed to simplify the design of the self-restoring uplift column. Finally, key design requirements about gap opening, shear panel, and self-centering capability were discussed.

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15

Allawi, Abbas AbdulMajeed, and Amneh Hamid Al-Mukhtar. "Seismic Effects and Static Analysis for the Artificial Damped Outrigger Systems in Tall R.C Buildings." Journal of Engineering 22, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.06.03.

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This paper studies the combination fluid viscous dampers in the outrigger system to add supplementary damping into the structure, which purpose to remove the dependability of the structure to lower variable intrinsic damping. It works by connecting the central core, comprising either shear walls or braced frames, to the outer perimeter columns. The modal considered is a 36 storey square high rise reinforced concrete building. By constructing a discrete lumped mass model, and using frequency-based response function, two systems of dampers, parallel and series systems are studied. The maximum lateral load at the top of the building is calculated, and this load will be applied at every floor of the building, giving a conservative solution. For static study Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) was conducted. MATLAB software, has been used in this study. From analysis data, it is observed that the parallel system of dampers result lower amplitude of vibration and achieved more efficiently compared to the series system, and the horizontal displacement for each configurations by using MATLAB software is less than the analytical solution using a uniformly distributed load of 36 nodal point forces that divided the total height.

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Sharifi, Yasser, and Hamed Aviz. "Effect of outrigger-belt truss location on the dynamic response of high-rise building subjected to blast loading." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 14, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-12-2013-0084.

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Purpose – Nowadays, with the expansion of terrorist operations around the world and also the dangers of accidental explosions, the need to design structures resistant to this phenomenon for the protection and safety of its citizens is inevitable. Tall buildings are one of the most important issues because of which those behavior should be investigated against the blast loading. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors used a simple method for investigating the dynamic response of tall buildings with the combined system of framed tube, shear core and outrigger-belt truss located at different heights of the building’s that were subjected to blast loading. This proposed model is based on the development of a continuum model and the ruling equations that have been obtained using the energy principle predict the whole structure idealized as a shear and flexural cantilever beam with rotational springs at the belt truss location. Findings – The mathematical procedure shows a good understanding of the structural behavior and is suitable for a quick evaluation during the preliminary design stage, which requires less time. Moreover, it was concluded that the present blast load idealization can be used to reasonably assess the response of tall buildings subjected to blast load. Originality/value – The comparative analysis in this paper could give other engineers a simple analysis method for the preliminary analysis and design of tall building analysis. Numerical example is given to illustrate the ease of application and the accuracy of the suggested model.

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17

Vaishnavi, Mariyala, G. V. V. Satyanarayana, and V. Naresh Kumar Varma. "Seismic analysis of high-rise building with tuned mass damper and core column." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101199.

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Earthquakes are one of the most vulnerable disasters that effected many countries including India. Due to continuous ground motions caused by an earthquake the structure gets damaged or even collapses causing human loss, property loss and psychological fear among humans. Many techniques are available to resist the structure from seismic loads like base isolation devices, seismic dampers, shear walls, outrigger structure, braces. All of these devices aid in lowering the structure’s responsiveness, but they also have their limitations. Once a major earthquake strikes the structure, these devices must be replaced. The newest technology structures that use Tunes Mass Damper (TMD) and ancient technology Core Column (central pillar or shinbashira) function better during earthquakes. In order to reduce the vibration of the building, the TMD is tuned to the same damping ratio of the main structure, whereas Core Column is placed at the centre of the building throughout the height. In this project, a 40-storey three dimensional RCC building without any devices, with TMD and with Core Column in seismic zones V, with soil type-medium will be modelled and analysed using SAP2000 v.20 software. As to IS 1893: 2016 Part-1, dynamic analysis, such as Time History analysis of Bhuj 2001 earthquake and El – Centro 1940 earthquake will be performed. Maximum displacement, storey drift, and maximum accelerations are recorded as responses to the analysis. The data from the results are plotted using MATLAB software.

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Kamgar, Reza, and Mohammad Mehdi Saadatpour. "A simple mathematical model for free vibration analysis of combined system consisting of framed tube, shear core, belt truss and outrigger system with geometrical discontinuities." Applied Mathematical Modelling 36, no. 10 (October 2012): 4918–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2011.12.029.

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Kushwaha, Mr Harsh, and Prof Rahul Sharma. "Analysis of Tall Building by Various Types of Structural Forms under Earthquake Analysis." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48312.

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Abstract: In the current world scenario, high-rise buildings are favoured due to the rapid rise in land values, land shortages, and to conserve land in rural areas for agricultural use. The construction of high-rise buildings primarily depends on wind and seismic loads. The performance of buildings depends on the structural configuration. The structural system of a high-rise building is designed to work with vertical gravity loads and mainly with lateral loads caused by wind and seismic activity. The structural system consists only of elements designed to transfer loads, all other elements that are not involved in the transfer of loads are called non-structural element. The research assist the analysis of G+16 Storey level with various mode of structural form used in tall building construction. The G+16 Tall building is modelled on CSI ETBAS for Zone 4 under seismic analysis by Response spectrum analysis. The various types of struural form used in the model 1 to model 6. The structural form consists of 1) Moment resisting frame 2) Building with Braced Frame Structure 3) Building with Hull-Core (Tube-in-Tube Structure) 4) Building with Shear Wall 5) Building with Composite 6) Building with Outrigger Structure. The research concluded that the model cases no 3 is optimised under the G+16 Storey building. Other than model 2, 4, 1 & 6 recommended for optimised case in descending order

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Çelebi, Mehmet, S. Farid Ghahari, Hamid Haddadi, and Ertugrul Taciroglu. "Response study of the tallest California building inferred from the Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake of 5 July 2019 and ambient motions." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 1096–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020906836.

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The newly constructed tallest building in California, the 73-story Wilshire Grand in Los Angeles, California, is designed in conformance with performance-based design procedures. The building is designed with concrete core–shear walls, three outriggers with buckling restrained braces (BRBs) located along the height, and two three-story truss-belt structural systems. The building is equipped with a 36-channel accelerometric seismic monitoring array that recorded the recent Mw7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake of 5 July 2019, as well as the Mw6.4 Ridgecrest earthquake of 4 July 2019. In this article, only the Mw7.1 event of 5 July 2019 is studied because of a larger response of the subject building during that earthquake. The earthquake records of 5 July 2019 are specifically studied to determine its dynamic characteristics and building-specific behavior. The structure exhibits torsional behavior most likely due to abrupt asymmetrical changes in the thickness and size in-plan of the core–shear walls. The translational and torsional modes during the earthquake are not closely coupled, which does not lead to a beating effect even though there is an appearance of it in the records. Available ambient records are used only to identify modal frequencies of the building and compare them with those from the Mw7.1 event of 5 July 2019. Due to the relatively low amplitude of shaking during the earthquake, the drift ratios are too small to cause any damage. It is expected that during stronger shaking levels likely to be caused by future events, these characteristics may change and the effect of BRBs can be better assessed.

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Kim, Han-Soo, Yi-Tao Huang, and Hui-Jing Jin. "Influence of Multiple Openings on Reinforced Concrete Outrigger Walls in a Tall Building." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224913.

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Outrigger systems have been used to control the lateral displacement of tall buildings. Reinforced concrete (R.C.) outrigger walls with openings can be used to replace conventional steel outrigger trusses. In this paper, a structural model for an R.C. outrigger wall with multiple openings was proposed, and the effects of the multiple openings on the stiffness and strength of the outrigger walls were evaluated. The equivalent bending stiffness of the outrigger wall was derived to predict the lateral displacement at the top of tall buildings and internal shear force developed in the wall. The openings for the passageway in the wall were designed by the strut-and-tie model. The stiffness and strength of the outrigger wall with multiple openings was analyzed by the nonlinear finite element analysis. Taking into consideration the degradation in stiffness and strength, the ratio of the opening area to the outrigger wall area is recommended to be less than 20%. The degradation of stiffness due to openings does not affect the structural performance of the outrigger system when the outrigger has already large stiffness as the case of reinforced concrete outrigger walls.

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Shoraka, Majid Baradaran, David Woo, Manuel Archila, and Lanny Flynn. "Stantec Tower: Shear Wall and Outrigger Design." Structural Engineering International 27, no. 1 (February 2017): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686616x1445.

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23

Hari, Liana Widya, and Agustinus Agus Setiawan. "Analisis Efektivitas Penerapan Outrigger Pada Bangunan Bertingkat Dalam Mengurangi Simpangan Dengan Variasi Bentuk Outrigger." Dinamika Rekayasa 17, no. 1 (November 24, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.dr.2021.17.1.325.

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Gedung bertingkat tentu harus aman dan handal untuk menghadapi gempa yang sering terjadi di Indonesia, sehingga muncul inovasi bernama struktur outrigger. Sistem outrigger adalah suatu sistem struktur yang menghubungkan shear/corewall dengan kolom terluar dari suatu bangunan bertingkat. Desain outrigger sendiri memiliki banyak variasi bentuk outrigger, misalnya bentuk truss (X), V, dan Λ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan outrigger pada gedung bertingkat dalam mengurangi simpangan yang terjadi dengan variasi dari bentuk outrigger. Analisis akan dilakukan pada gedung 40 lantai dengan variasi tujuh model yaitu, model bangunan tanpa outrigger, model bangunan dengan outrigger berbentuk (X), (V), dan (Λ) yang masing-masing terletak di dua ketinggian yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bangunan dengan outrigger terbukti dapat mengurangi simpangan dan model bangunan dengan outrigger berbentuk (X) pada ketinggian 0.25h dan 0.75h merupakan yang paling efektif dalam memikul beban gempa yang terjadi. Pada model tersebut, penerapan outrigger dapat mengurangi simpangan hingga 10.75% pada arah X dan 5.52% pada arah Y.

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Kumar N, Sharath. "Study on Dynamic analysis of Diagrid and Outrigger Structures Subjected to Seismic and Wind Load." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 30, 2021): 2813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36975.

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A Comparative study of G+30 story regular, diagrid, outrigger structure is presented. A square shaped floor plan of 18 m × 18m size was considered. ETABS 2016 was used in modeling and analysis of structural members. All structural members were designed as per IS 456:2000, load combinations such as dead load, live load, earthquake and wind loads were considered for analysis and design of the structure. Later Regular, Diagrid and outrigger structural systems were compared; the key results like Base shear, story displacement and story drift are obtained. It is found that diagrid system is efficient in resisting seismic loads and outrigger system is found efficient in resisting wind loads.

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Hu, An Feng, Hang Rao, and Jing Yuan. "Deformation and Internal Force Analysis of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation with Outrigger-Type Diaphragm Wall." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1983.

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As a new technique of excavation support structures, outrigger-type diaphragm wall has got an application in deep pit engineering, though the design of its parameters still lacks theoretical guidance. Based on a large-scale deep pit case, a 3-D finite element model is presented to simulate the behavior of outrigger-type diaphragm wall using the software ABAQUS. The soil is assumed to behave as a modified Cam-clay model. The effect of the outrigger length on deformation and internal force of the supporting structure is studied. It is found that the basal heave ,the ground settlement and the horizontal displacements of the retaining wall will increase with the increase of the outrigger length, when the bottom elevation of the supporting structure keeps unchanged. When the outrigger length goes beyond a certain length, the rate of increasing becomes larger. In the outrigger-type diaphragm wall, the vertical stress of inside and outside wall approaches the maximum in the vicinity of the variable cross-section. At the same time, the variable cross-section produces a shear stress mutation because of the abrupt change of stiffness. There exists a reasonable length of the outrigger, which could meet not only the technical requirements of the supporting structure, but also the needs of saving the cost and reducing the difficulty during the construction.

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26

Kulikov, Vladimir, and Magomed Magomedov. "MODELING OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE LOCATION OF THE OUTRIGGER SYSTEM ON THE DEFORMATIVE BEHAVIOR OF BUILDINGS UNDER IMPACT." Construction and Architecture 10, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2021-10-1-51-55.

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It is known that outrigger technology enables builders, designers and other participants in the construction process to design and erect stable high-rise and other types of buildings of various shapes. Outrigger systems, in principle, can be horizontal, diagonal, two-storey or without girdling trusses or vertical connections. The design for each type of building is unique, and depending on the location in height, it can be different within the same object. Outrigger floors help to redistribute the load between the core and load-bearing elements and structures. Even if a building is exposed to a simultaneous destructive impact (for example, a blow), the consequences can be minimized. The paper considers the influence of a single-storey reinforced concrete outrigger located on the 13th floor of a 25-storey building in the Moscow region of Russia on the impact of wind load.

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27

Shattarat, Nasim K., and David I. McLean. "Seismic Retrofitting of Outrigger Knee Joints." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1928, no. 1 (January 2005): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192800121.

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Experimental tests were conducted on one-third-scale outrigger knee joint specimens to define the vulnerabilities of existing outrigger bents under seismic in-plane loading and to develop appropriate retrofit measures to address the identified vulnerabilities. The specimens incorporated deficiencies present in the outrigger knee joints in the WA-99 Spokane Street overcrossing in western Washington State. The as-built specimens exhibited poor behavior with failure at low ductility levels because of shear distress and reinforcement bond failures within the joint. Threshold principal tension stress values describing the expected condition of the joints were established and compared with values obtained by other researchers. Elbow-shaped circular steel jacketing around the joint and beam region was used to retrofit the as-built specimens. The retrofitted specimens formed a plastic hinge in a gap introduced at the top of the column with improved ductility and energy dissipation capacities when compared to the behavior of similar as-built specimens. Retrofitted outrigger knee joint systems can be expected to achieve ductility levels of at least 5 as well as drift capacities exceeding 6%.

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28

Kare, Vaibhav, and Murtaza Safdari. "Dynamic Analysis of High-Rise Building with Outrigger System under Seismic Loading." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 03, no. 12 (2022): 2552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2022.31287.

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The present work has been done by observing the behaviour of outrigger structure using non dimensional parameter α and β under the action of earthquake load. The earthquake load calculation has been done by IS 1893 (Part-1):2016. In the structure, the outriggers and belt truss are placed at two different locations. The location has been decided by the study of many research paper that at top level of the building (i.e., floor no. 40) and other at 0.55H of the building (i.e., floor no. 22). In this study the non-dimension parameter α remain constant and β change their value by varying depth of outrigger beams to compare the analysis result. In this research, a 40-story 3D reinforced concrete structure with plan area of 25.0 m X 25.0 m and height of building is 128 m is considered in modelling. Location of first outrigger at 40th floor and second outrigger at 22th floor (0.55H) of the building is also modelled in CSI ETABS V19.0 software considering the time history analysis of proposed work. The depth of first outrigger beam is taken same as the floor height of the 40th floor and for second outrigger beam the depth of beam varied as one storey, one and half storey and two storey depth of floor. Key parameter discussed in this paper includes the lateral displacement, story drift and Base shear. The conclusion comes from the study is that when the stiffness of outrigger beam with belt truss is increased by increasing the depth from one storey to two storeys then it will increase the overall lateral stiffness of model that control storey drift.

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29

HOENDERKAMP, J. C. D. "Shear wall with outrigger trusses on wall and column foundations." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 13, no. 1 (March 2004): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.235.

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Hoenderkamp, J. C. D. "Second outrigger at optimum location on high-rise shear wall." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 17, no. 3 (September 2008): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.369.

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31

Shareef, Mohammed Sanaullah, Khaja Musab Manzoor, and Mohammed Muqeem. "Dynamic Analysis of High-Rise Structures with Outrigger Structural System Subjected To Lateral Loads." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012010.

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Abstract In this age of urban development and rapid modernization the need of high-rise structures is rapidly increasing as buildings have gotten taller and narrower, the structural engineering has been increasingly challenged to meet the desired stability requirements. In tall buildings, stiffness is the key to sustainability, among various types of structural systems available for tall buildings, outrigger system is one of the majorly used efficient system. The present study aims to identify the efficiency of outrigger shear walls and to find out the optimum position of outriggers in high rise structures under lateral loads. The outrigger systems are required to have additional stiffness and adequate damping, by which outrigger can be used as a structural fuse to protect the building under severe earthquake and wind conditions. This research work aims to study the dynamic analysis of high-rise structures with outrigger structural system, for this research two regular buildings of 36 & 50 storeys situated in seismic zone V having a constant area of 900sqm(30mx30m) with a typical storey height of 3m were analysed using ETABS 2018. Optimum position of outrigger is determined by considering 8 models in which positions of outriggers is varied along the building height. Response spectrum analysis is carried out to evaluate the performance of structure for earthquake loads and the Gust factor method is used for the dynamic analysis of wind loads. Parameters such as Modal Mass Participation, Base Shears, Storey Displacements, Storey Drift, Time-periods, and acceleration are compared. Upon comparison it was found that among all 36 storey models outriggers placed at extreme ends performed better than other models and among all 50 storey models’ outriggers placed at regular intervals has performed better to all other models.

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32

Gholipour, M., E. Asadi, and M. M. Alinia. "The Use of Outrigger System in Steel Plate Shear Wall Structures." Advances in Structural Engineering 18, no. 6 (June 2015): 853–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.18.6.853.

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33

Sun, Feifei, Zhibin Hu, Guangyuan Chen, Liming Xie, and Li Sheng. "Shaking table test on seismic resonant behavior of core-outrigger structure." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 26, no. 6 (February 3, 2017): e1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.1349.

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34

Singh, Gurkirat, and S. K. Singh. "Dynamic Analysis of Composite Structures with Outrigger System using Response Spectrum Method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012038.

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Abstract The modern innovative world increases the demand for tall structures with a good aesthetic look and unique design to make it different from other structures that causes irregularity in structure. It is known that, an irregular structure is more vulnerable than a regular structure and irregularity causes instability in the structures. As modern problems require modern solutions, there are modern techniques to make buildings stable and safe like shear wall, belt wall, dual systems, etc. In this study, the analysis of different shape of G+9 composite frame structure using ETABS along with outriggers and belt truss. Seismic load is considered for both static and dynamic analysis (Response Spectrum method). We also considered the parameters like Story drift, Story displacement, base shear of the different structures.

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35

Tong, Geng-Shu, and Yun Weng. "A Simplified Method for the Buckling of Outrigger-Shear Wall Braced Structures." Advances in Structural Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/136943308784069478.

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36

Li, Xian, Wei Wang, Henglin Lü, and Guangchang Zhang. "Seismic behavior of outrigger truss-wall shear connections using multiple steel angles." Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 15, no. 2 (June 2016): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0316-2.

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37

Bhosale, Swapnil, and Popat Kumbhar. "ANALYSIS OF HIGH-RISE RCC STRUCTURE FOR INVESTIGATING OPTIMUM POSITION OF RCC OUTRIGGERS FOR DIFFERENT EARTHQUAKE ZONES AND TYPE OF SOILS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 7 (November 1, 2021): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i07.035.

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— Rapid growth of infrastructure to accommodate modern civilization is demanding tall structures in cities. As buildings become taller the problem of their lateral stability and sway needs to be tackled by engineering judgment. Outrigger systems have been successfully applied in reducing the lateral displacement of tall buildings under wind and earthquake forces. Numerous studies have been carried out for determining optimum positions of outriggers in high rise structures; however, effect of earthquake zones and soil types on optimum position of outriggers has not been adequately studied. In the present paper, an analysis of a 70 storied RCC highrise structure provided with and without virtual outrigger system is carried out for determining optimum position of RCC outriggers. The structure has been analyzed to study its behavior under wind and earthquake forces, considering its location in different seismic zones (II, III. IV and V) and also in different types of soils (soft, medium and hard) using “ETAB” software. The virtual outriggers (RCC belt) were provided at seven different levels along the height structure (H/4, 3H/8, H/2, 5H/8, 3H/4, 7H/8 and H) with top level outrigger as fixed and others were varied for their locations. Thus, the structure has been analyzed considering it has been provided with two outriggers at a time, one at the top of structure (H) and the other at a specific level along the heights. Results of the analysis shows lower values for storey displacement, drift and base shear when the structure is considered with one outrigger at top (H) and other at 1/4th height (H/4) for all seismic zones (II, III, IV and V) and all soil conditions (soft, medium and hard). Thus, it is concluded that optimum position of outrigger lies at 1/4th height (H/4) along the height of structure and it goes well in agreement with the values found in literature.

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38

Yang, Yue, Xin Zhao, Weixing Shi, and Jiayue Li. "Optimal Design of Mega-Frame Core Wall Structures Equipped with Viscous Damped Outriggers for Human Comfort Performance under Wind Loading." Shock and Vibration 2021 (May 31, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6673682.

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Megatall and supertall buildings often adopt megastructure systems characterized by secondary structure systems, and the serviceability problem caused by wind-induced vibrations often becomes the dominant factor in the structural design. Because the deformation of a supertall building usually presents bending characteristics, a viscous damped outrigger can reduce the wind-induced vibration of a supertall building with the installation of a small number of viscous dampers. However, time history analysis of the prototype model considering the nonlinear characteristics of viscous dampers is time-consuming, which is not conducive for iterative design optimization. Additionally, the conventional simplified model composed of one cantilever beam cannot be used for the analysis and design of a viscous damped outrigger. In this study, a simplified wind-induced vibration prediction model is proposed based on the mechanical characteristics of megastructures. This simplified model is a plane model that includes both core walls and frames whose member size can be extracted from the original structure. Parametric analysis shows that the simplified model has high acceleration prediction accuracy. An optimal design method combined with the simplified model, which aims to minimize the damped outrigger system cost, is proposed. A 600-m supertall building is presented as a case study. The accuracy and effectiveness of the simplified model and the optimal design method proposed in this study are illustrated. Thus, applying this optimal design method in combination with the simplified model can save significant analysis and design time and is conducive to the application of viscous damped outriggers in practical engineering.

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39

Kwan, A. K. H. "Shear Lag in Shear/Core Walls." Journal of Structural Engineering 122, no. 9 (September 1996): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1996)122:9(1097).

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40

Subramani, T., and K. Murali. "Analytical Study of Tall Building with Outtrigger System with Respect to Seismic and Wind Analysis Using ETABS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.10 (July 15, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.10.15635.

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Today the development of structural system goes beyond the unexpected level. To overcome the problems persist in the structural behavior numerous studies has routed out. On this present have a look at is targeted at the performance of multi outrigger structural system for a ten storey constructing with static and dynamic analyses of various fashions were examined the use of ETABS software program. The performance analysis of the tall building for distinctive fashions are performed to discover the surest function of outrigger gadget and belt truss with the aid of the usage of lateral loads. Time history analysis for floor movement statistics of the ten storey building version are carried out. The evaluation includes lateral displacement; storeys go with the flow and base shear for static and dynamic loading. From the acquired results the effective performance of building with outriggers are evaluated. Our project describes the structural layout of similar 10 storey the use of overall performance based totally strategies for seismic and wind movements.

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41

Dhoke, Prof Subodh. "Analysis of Multistoried RCC Building with Shear Wall and Outrigger using ETABS Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 2808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35612.

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During earthquakes, a large number of buildings are destroyed due to the cause of lateral forces and increased load capacity in the structural element, and this is caused by winds, earthquakes and uneven settlement of cargo. The least damage and well-being a healthy level of construction is a necessary requirement for tall buildings. To reduce the impact of damage on all high structures, it may consist of basic insulation techniques and sliding walls, and so on. Buildings are used to increase design performance and limit damage to landslide walls. On tall buildings to prevent earthquake loads, reinforced concrete walls are used as supporting elements. Reinforced concrete structures are mainly implemented in engineering practice in different situations and different applications. Many researchers turn to the effectiveness of sliding walls with boundary conditions based on different types of reinforcement alignment. This document consists of modeling different models for the shear wall housing and the hood system.

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42

Shayanfar, Mohsenali, Vahid Broujerdian, and Ali Ghamari. "Analysis of Coupled Steel Plate Shear Walls with Outrigger System for Tall Buildings." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering 44, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40996-019-00246-2.

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43

Wang, Meng, Xiu-Li Du, Fei-Fei Sun, Satish Nagarajaiah, and Yan-Wen Li. "Fragility analysis and inelastic seismic performance of steel braced-core-tube frame outrigger tall buildings with passive adaptive negative stiffness damped outrigger." Journal of Building Engineering 52 (July 2022): 104428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104428.

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44

Venkatraman, G., V. Vanathi, S. Veeraraghavan, and K. Sornamugi. "Effect of outrigger-belt truss system on the storey drift and maximum displacement of high-rise building." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1258, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1258/1/012065.

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High-rise structures are becoming more common around the world, posing new challenges that necessitate ongoing technological foresight. When a structure’s height rises, it’s anticipated to have a lateral load-resisting system other than shear walls in place to negate the effect of lateral loads. However, advances in structural design and engineering have enabled building systems to withstand lateral forces such as wind and seismic stresses. There are numerous structural solutions tailored to resist lateral forces in the structure without adding to the plan area of the building to stabilize it against lateral load. The Outrigger-belt truss system is a common structural solution for successfully managing excessive drift caused by the lateral load. Hence, in this project, an attempt is made to investigate the characteristics of an Outrigger-Belt truss system. The seismic analysis is limited to the linear static method. A comparative analysis is done using STAAD Pro V8i SS6. Finally, the storey drift and maximum displacements obtained are calculated and the results are compared with the moment-resisting frame and the values are tabulated.

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45

Deschapelles, Bernardo. "Discussion: Shear Lag in Shear/Core Walls." Journal of Structural Engineering 123, no. 11 (November 1997): 1552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1997)123:11(1552).

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46

Atul S. Kurzekar et al.,, Atul S. Kurzekar et al ,. "An Investigation on Structural Performance of Tall Building Embedded with Core , Outrigger System." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 2043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun2020191.

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47

Vasseghi, Akbar, and Vahid Khoshkalam. "Effect of Outrigger Panels on Seismic Performance of Steel Plate Shear Wall Structural System." International Journal of Steel Structures 20, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 1180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-020-00350-4.

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48

Dong, Lijuan, Wei Ning Sui, and Guo Chang Li. "Finite Element Analysis on Joint of Ultra-High Steel Columns and Steel Core Barrel Outrigger Truss." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.834.

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The elastic and plastic characteristics of the Y-joint of frame-core tube structures with steel pipe column and steel pipe outrigger truss is studied in this paper. The finite-element method is adopted in the numerical study. To avoid the damage of the joint, controlling the relatively convex-concave deformation of the column wall through adding internal stiffener plate is discussed. Through the comparison of numerical study of the Y-joint with different shape of stiffener plate, a feasible design of the Y-joint is given.

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49

Aditya A Chawardol and Dr Bhushan H Shinde. "A Review on using Belt Truss at Different Locations on RCC Building." September 2021 7, no. 09 (September 27, 2021): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0709031.

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In past decades, shear walls and x bracing are one of the most appropriate and important structural component in multi-storied building. Therefore, it is very interesting to study the structural response and their systems in multi-storied structure during lateral load i.e earthquake loading. Shear walls and belt truss contribute the stiffness and strength during earthquakes which are often neglected during design of structure and construction. The scope of present paper is to study the effect of seismic loading on placement of belts truss in building at different alternative location. This study shows the effect of belts truss and bracing belts truss which significantly affect the vulnerability of structures. In order to test this hypothesis, RCC building was considered with and without belts truss at different location. The aim of the paper is to detail and conceptualize the varied configurations of belt truss structures system and to integrate current structures into longer structures by use of belt truss system at different location. Additionally, various advantage and disadvantage associated with outriggers and belt truss system also are discussed in this paper. A close of literature review within the field of Outrigger system is applied and therefore the summary on belts truss and gaps encountered within the study are listed during this paper. This paper introduces belt truss at different location. In which, using the belt truss structural within the RCC building so as to extend the performance of the building under the earthquake load and wind loads is studied. Concept of belt truss as Virtual outrigger is reviewed within the paper.

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50

Joo, Hyo-Eun, Sun-Jin Han, Min-Kook Park, and Kang Su Kim. "Shear Tests of Deep Hollow Core Slabs Strengthened by Core-Filling." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051709.

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Prestressed hollow core slabs (PHCSs) have commonly been applied to long-span structures, due to their excellent flexural capacity and deflection control performance. However, in quite a few cases, the web-shear strength at member ends subjected to high shear forces is insufficient, because the web of the PHCS is very thin, making it difficult to place shear reinforcement, and the prestress is not fully effective in transfer length regions. Accordingly, a variety of shear strengthening methods have been proposed to improve the web-shear strength of PHCS ends. In this study, experimental research was conducted to investigate the shear resistance mechanism of PHCS strengthened by core-filling method, which has been most widely used in the construction field. The number of filled cores and the shear reinforcement ratio were set as the main test variables, and the patterns and angles of shear cracks that occurred in the PHCS units and filled cores, respectively, and the strain behavior of the shear reinforcement, were measured and analyzed in detail. This study also analyzed the test results based on the current design codes, and proposed a modified shear strength equation that can be applied to the core-filled PHCS.

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