Статті в журналах: "Sharpening of internal grooves"

1

Allen, J. R. L. "Tilestones into Whetstones in Seven Steps: the Brownstones, Pennant Sandstone and Stonesfield Slate at Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum), North Hampshire." Britannia 50 (May 6, 2019): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x19000047.

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ABSTRACTRoughly two-thirds of an assemblage of 156 whetstones from three collections representing two late Roman sites at Silchester can be assigned geologically to the Brownstones (Devonian), Pennant sandstone (Carboniferous) or Stonesfield Slate (Jurassic), imported from the west and north into the town as roof-tiles. The latter were put to further, secondary use as whetstones, some small and portable but others large and laid flat and kept stationary. The whetstones are polished through use, typically on both faces, and a high proportion carry grooves. On some the grooves are short and fine and could represent the sharpening of such items as pins, needles, meat skewers, styli and engraving tools. These grooves are typically found on whetstones from Insula IX, where artisanal and, at best, ‘light-industrial’ activities are recorded. At the forum-basilica, by contrast, the whetstones are more substantial and typically show large grooves of two kinds that point to the shaping and finishing in considerable numbers of iron objects such as knives, cleavers, swords and even possibly ladles. The industrial activity at this site had a distinctly ‘heavier’ quality. The biography of these whetstones — objects seemingly simple and unpretentious — was complex, wherever they were found.

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2

Metel, Alexander, Marina Volosova, Enver Mustafaev, Yury Melnik, Anton Seleznev, and Sergey Grigoriev. "Plasma-Beam Processing of Tools Made of SiAlON Dielectric Ceramics to Increase Wear Resistance When Cutting Nickel–Chromium Alloys." Coatings 12, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040469.

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This research aimed at an increase in wear resistance of round cutting plates manufactured with SiAlON dielectric ceramics through deposition of wear-resistant coatings. To increase effectiveness of the coatings, their adhesion was improved by the removal of defective surface layers from the cutting plates before the deposition. As the depth of caverns and grooves appearing on the cutting plates due to manufacturing by diamond grinding reached 5 µm, a concentrated beam of fast argon atoms was used for the removal of defective layers with a thickness exceeding the depth of caverns and grooves. At the equal angles of incidence to the front and back surfaces of the cutting wedge amounting to 45 degrees, two-hour-long etching of rotating cutting plates provided removal of defective layers with thickness of ~10 µm from the surfaces. After the removal, the cutting edge radius of the plates diminished from 20 to 10 µm, which indicates the cutting plates’ sharpening. Wear-resistant TiAlN coatings deposited after the etching significantly improve the processing stability and increase wear resistance of the cutting plates by not less than 1.7 times.

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3

Sun, Meng, Zhen Yu Zhang, and Wen Jun Kong. "Design of Sealing Structure and Analysis of the Flow Field in Micro Internal Combustion Swing Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.930.

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A multistage groove sealing structure in Micro Internal Combustion Swing Engine (MICSE) was designed. By machining several grooves on the center-swing, it provides non-contacting control of internal leakage. The sealing principle of this structure may be described as follows. Gas at high pressure enters through the clearance of adjacent grooves to accelerate, then expands isentropically in the grooves. Once crossing several such grooves, gas emerges at the other end of the sealing structure at significantly reduced pressure. Numerical simulations were utilized to analyze the influences of pressure ratio and groove depth on leakage characteristics. The results demonstrate that at pressure ratio smaller than 2.0, turbulence eddy dissipation process in grooves cannot dissipate kinetic energy obtained during the throttling process completely, which results in poor sealing effect, at pressure ratio lager than 2.5, the two processes reach dynamic balance and sealing effect no longer changes. There is an optimal value in groove depth, undersize or oversize may lead to imperfect throttling effect or turbulence eddy dissipation process.

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4

Zeng, Yuan Song. "Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Research on the Internal Rolling Connection for Titanium Alloy Tubes." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3287.

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In this paper, the internal rolling process is presented to connect the titanium tubes to the tube fitting with the mechanical method. The material flow, the distribution of stress and strain and the connecting mechanics are analyzed by using the finite element method(FEM) for two kinds of the tube fitting structures, the triangle grooves and the rectangle grooves. Rolling experiments and tests for pressure durability, gas-sealing ability, surface finish and contact percent are also introduced. Results show that the tube joints with the triangle grooves has very excellent connecting strength, and the FE analysis agrees well with the experiments.

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5

Lin, Mingtuan, and Chenglong Lin. "2D Gain Enhancement Based on Single-Layer SIW Corrugated Technique with Slot Array Feeder." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3684197.

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Novel slot-array-based SIW corrugated technique is demonstrated to achieve 2D gain enhancement, namely, sharpening the beamwidths in both E-plane and H-plane. Compared to other metallic corrugated methods to realize 2D gain enhancement, the proposed design, with SIW grooves to reduce the beamwidth in E-plane and slot array to increase the directivity in H-plane, has a lower profile, weight, and design complexity, which can be easily fabricated with the common printed circuit board (PCB) technique. A prototype is designed and fabricated, with measurement presenting a low reflection coefficient less than −10 dB from 26.4 GHz to 28.2 GHz and an enhanced gain up to 18 dB. Overall, our proposed technique will be beneficial for the design of high-gain antenna in 5G wireless terminals.

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6

Jenkins, C. "Sharpening the clinical diagnostic borders of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Internal Medicine Journal 33, no. 12 (December 2003): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2003.00498.x.

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7

Sobczak, K., H. Dyja, and A. Kawałek. "The Influence of the Shape of Grooves on the Intensity of Closing Axial Material Discontinuities During Rolling." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0075.

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Abstract The article discusses the influence of rolling in the newly designed slitting-bending grooves on closing internal material discontinuities in continuous ingots. The defects located in the axial area of a strand, i.e. axial porosity and contraction cavity, were analysed. Numerical and experimental studies of the rolling process of flat bars for feedstock with marked materials discontinuities simulating actual defects occurring in an ingot were conducted. For comparison purposes, rolling of feedstock with discontinuities in traditional grooves was conducted. The numerical simulations were carried out using the Forge 2008¯software programme. The experimental studies were conducted in a D150 laboratory rolling mill. In the research, the S355J2G3 structural steel and lead were used. Distributions of temperature, intensity of deformation and stress in a cross-section of strands after rolling were analysed. Changes in the surface areas of the discontinuities in feedstock after rolling in shape and traditional grooves were examined. It was concluded that introduction of grooves with complex shapes may contribute to the improvement of internal quality of finished products. The complex shape of the tools has allowed for an almost 100% closure of the discontinuities located in the central part of a strand, already at the initial stages of the process, unlike in case of the traditional production method, where the discontinuities were transferred even until the final product. Applying the newly designed slitting-bending grooves enables utilisation of a smaller number of edge grooves at the initial stage of the rolling process, where reopening of freshly welded defects might occur.

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8

Zhou, Mingxue, Cheng Wu, Fengjiang An, Shasha Liao, Dongyu Xue, and Jian Liu. "Dynamic Disintegration of Explosively-Driven Metal Cylinder with Internal V-Grooves." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030584.

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Machining V-shaped grooves to the internal surface of cylindrical shells is one of the most common technologies of controlled fragmentation for improving warhead lethality against targets. The fracture strain of grooved shells is a significant concern in warhead design. However, there is as yet no reasonable theory for predicting the fracture strain of a specific grooved shell; existing approaches are only able to predict this physical regularity of non-grooved shells. In this paper, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, a new model was established to study the fracture strain of explosively driven cylindrical shells with internal longitudinal V-grooves. The model was built based on an energy conservation equation in which the energy consumed to create a new fracture surface in non-grooved shells was provided by the elastic deformation energy stored in shells. We modified the energy approach so that it can be applicable to grooved shells by adding the elastic energy liberated for crack penetration and reducing the required fracture energy. Cylinders with different groove geometric parameters were explosively expanded to the point of disintegration to verify the proposed model. Theoretical predictions of fracture strain showed good agreement with experimental results, indicating that the model is suitable for predicting the fracture strain of explosively driven metal cylinders with internal V-grooves. In addition, this study provides an insight into the mechanism whereby geometric defects promote fracturing.

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9

Elangovan, S., and E. Rathakrishnan. "Studies on high speed jets from nozzles with internal grooves." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1079 (January 2004): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000192400000498x.

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Experiments were carried out on jets issuing from circular nozzles with grooved exits and the results compared with those of the plain nozzle. The plain nozzle had an exit diameter of 10mm. Because of the introduction of semi-circular grooves at the exit, the effective or equivalent diameter of the grooved nozzles was 10·44mm. The groove lengths were varied as 3, 5 and 8mm. The nozzles were operated at fully expanded sonic and underexpanded exit conditions. The corresponding fully expanded Mach numbers were 1·0 and 1·41. The shock cell structure of the underexpanded jets from grooved nozzles appeared to be weaker than that of the plain nozzle, as indicated by lesser amplitudes of the cyclic variation of the Pitot pressure. The iso-Mach contours indicate that the jet spread along the grooved plane is significantly higher than that along the ungrooved plane. Off-centre peaks were observed in the mean pressure profile of underexpanded jets from grooved nozzles. They were probably due to the streamwise vortices shed from the grooves.

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10

Li, Wei, Sen Li, Yeheng Wang, and Junying Yun. "Study on Personnel Detection Based on Retinex and YOLOv4 in Building Fire." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2185, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2185/1/012039.

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Abstract When a fire occurs in a building, the internal environment is full of dense smoke, which will greatly hinder the evacuation and rescue of the trapped persons. If the evacuation and rescue are not in time, the life safety of the trapped persons will be seriously threatened. In response to this problem, this paper proposes a method for quickly detecting trapped persons in building fires. This method uses a combination of multi-scale Retinex image sharpening algorithm and YOLOv4 person detection algorithm. First obtain the image information of the fire scene, use the multi-scale Retinex algorithm based on the Gaussian pyramid to perform the sharpening process, and then use the YOLOv4 model to perform the personnel detection on the sharpened fire scene image. The experimental results show that the confidence of image person detection after Retinex sharpening processing has been significantly improved.

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11

Jandečka, Karel. "Error Size of the Helix (screw) Groove by Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 496 (December 2011): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.496.19.

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This paper presents further results in addressing this issue and builds upon the results obtained within the project GACR No. 101/07/0751 (research was supported by Czech Grant Agency), and the findings and information obtained from grant project GACR No. 101/05/2562. The problems are oriented to the production and sharpening of rotary tools, especially because all the know-how is owned by foreign companies. The main chapter is devoted to "Solution of the dependance of undercutting of the helical grooves on the grinding wheel diameter, its thickness and depth of the cut" at zero thickness of the grinding wheel. This method is an original analytical method for calculating the undercutting and is a part of the theoretical studies of the grinding helix slot. Then follows a passage, which defines the actual width of the spiral groove profiles at various grinding wheels. The present article summarizes only part of a broad range of problems in the area.

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12

Kawamoto, Fernando Y. K., Bruno W. Minto, Lucia M. I. Diogo, Luis G. de Faria, Antonio C. Shimano, Ana P. Macedo, José A. A. Camassa, and Luis G. G. G. Dias. "Photoelastic Analysis of Two Different Cementless Femoral Stems for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Canine Model." VCOT Open 02, no. 01 (January 2019): e36-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691792.

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Objectives The aim of this article was to analyse and compare internal stress generated at different points of a femoral photoelastic model after insertion and axial load application using two different cementless femoral stems for total hip arthroplasty in dogs: a collared stem combined with limited textured surface and absence of grooves and a collarless stem with fully textured surface and grooves. Methods Ten femoral photoelastic models, divided into two groups, were created using two different designs of cementless femoral stems. The models were submitted to axial loading on the femoral head in a universal test machine. The internal stress (kPa) around the femoral stems was evaluated at seven predetermined points using a transmission polariscope. Results The internal stress at the femoral calcar was larger in the models with collared stem combined with limited textured surface and absence of grooves (p < 0.05). No differences were identified between the groups in the other points (p > 0.05), corresponding to the tip of the stems and proximal lateral region of the femur. Conclusions The collar of femoral stem combined with the absence of grooves and more limited textured surface increase the axial load transmission to the femoral calcar, and in vivo, it may act to reduce complications, such as subsidence and stress shielding. However, other biomechanical tests and clinical evaluations must be performed to determine other important aspects for the implantation of these prostheses.

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13

França, P. H. P., and L. R. R. Da Silva. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIAMETER OF MODIFIED TOOLS WITH INTERNAL COOLING CHANNELS UNDER DIFFERENT THERMAL FLOWS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 20, no. 3 (October 10, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v20i3.83265.

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In this work, the effect on heat generation at the chip-machine tool interface was studied by varying the diameter of internal grooves of a tool for the turning process. This tool is modified with internal channels that circulate water as a coolant through a closed system. As an output parameter, the maximum cutting temperature at the chip-tool interface was studied. The input parameters were the thermal flux present at the chip-tool interface and the diameter of the internal channels present in the cutting tool. All the analysis of variation of the internal channels of the tools and also of the thermal flow exerted on the chip-tool interface were carried out using the finite element method by the Ansys® Workbench 19.2 software. The main one was that the variation in the diameter of the tool's internal grooves does not expressly impact the machining specifications.

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14

Aji, Supa Kusuma, Denny Widhiyanuriyawan, and Lilis Yuliati. "Pressure Drop dan Pola Aliran Dua Fase (Air-Udara) Melewati Pipa Groove Vertikal." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2020.011.03.7.

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This research was conducted to observe the effect of adding grooves in the two-phase flow of water-air in the same direction through a vertical pipe to changes in pressure and fluid flow patterns. Test section in the form of pipes with grooves made of acrylic material with a length of 100 cm and an internal diameter of 2.54 cm. The geometric shape of the acrylic pipe is modified by giving a groove in the direction of the pipe along the test section. Grooves used amounted to 4 and 16 and pipes without grooves used as a comparison. Tests are carried out by flowing water and air that has been mixed through the inlet side upward. The ratio of air velocity to water velocity (VG / VL ) is 0.24-1.13. The method used in this study is experimental. Retrieval of pressure drops data is done by using a differential pressure transmitter. Visual observations are also made using a DSLR camera equipped with a flash and video observations using a smartphone with slow-motion mode. The results showed changes in flow patterns and pressure drop values. Slugs in pipes with grooves disappear faster and pressure drops are lower than pipes without grooves.

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15

Peng, X. F., G. P. Peterson, and X. J. Lu. "Analysis of capillary-induced rewetting in circular channels with internal grooves." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 7, no. 2 (April 1993): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.424.

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16

Sooraj, V. S., and V. Radhakrishnan. "Feasibility Study on Fine Finishing of Internal Grooves Using Elastic Abrasives." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 28, no. 10 (October 3, 2013): 1110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2013.792418.

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17

Song, J., and J. F. Ding. "Amorphous-Si-based planar grating demultiplexers with total internal reflection grooves." Electronics Letters 45, no. 17 (2009): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2009.0789.

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18

Malachschenko, Vladimir, Olexsandr Orel, and Vоlodimir Fedik. "Loading capacity of ball bending clutch with straight slots." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 95 (December 16, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.95.0.124.

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Based on previous research results, a more advanced design of ball coupling of freewheel (BCFH) of axial action for starters of internal combustion engines is developed, force interaction and maximum torque for the case when the grooves of one half-clutch are straight, which simplifies manufacturing technology. Calculation schemes for different positions of the main elements are offered, loading of all working surfaces of the new coupling taking into account friction of balls with lateral surfaces of grooves is established.

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19

Algar, Antonio, Javier Freire, Robert Castilla, and Esteban Codina. "Simulation of Hydraulic Cylinder Cushioning." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020494.

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The internal cushioning systems of hydraulic linear actuators avoid mechanical shocks at the end of their stroke. The design where the piston with perimeter grooves regulates the flow by standing in front of the outlet port has been investigated. First, a bond graph dynamic model has been developed, including the flow throughout the internal cushion design, characterized in detail by computational fluid-dynamic simulation. Following this, the radial movement of the piston and the fluid-dynamic coefficients, experimentally validated, are integrated into the dynamic model. The registered radial movement is in coherence with the significant drag force estimated in the CFD simulation, generated by the flow through the grooves, where the laminar flow regime predominates. Ultimately, the model aims to predict the behavior of the cushioning during the movement of the arm of an excavator. The analytical model developed predicts the performance of the cushioning system, in coherence with empirical results. There is an optimal behavior, highly influenced by the mechanical stress conditions of the system, subject to a compromise between an increasing section of the grooves and an optimization of the radial gap.

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20

Paladiychuk, Yuriy, and Vasyl Kordonsky. "SUBSTANTIATION OF CHIPPING FRACTURE MECHANICS DURING DRAWING OF CYLINDRICAL SURFACES WITH ALLOWANCE." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 4(99) (December 18, 2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-4-9.

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The mechanics of chip fracture when cutting the allowance of pre-divisible technological grooves was studied for the first time, and the relationship between the profile and depth of the latter and the characteristics of the stress-strain state in the chip formation zone (relative shear, chip shrinkage, shear angle, front angle, contact processes . This article discusses a more complex problem - the longitudinal division of chips or allowance. Most researchers are inclined to believe that this problem should be solved by pre-dividing the allowance by a network of special chip-splitting ring or screw grooves. The depth of these grooves should be 0.6… 0.95 of the amount of rise on a single tooth of the broach. The results of the study of the mechanics of chip destruction are described when the tool meets the process groove in the drawing process. The connection between the structure of the pipe and the intensively deformed state in the zone of chip formation is shown. From the obtained results the following follows. Preliminary deformation hardening by means of deforming drawing allows to increase hardness of OM twice (steel 10), to 60% (steel 35), to 50% (steel 45) and to 25% (aluminum alloy AK6). This significantly reduces the shrinkage coefficient of chips (respectively 2; 1.4; 1.4 and 1.3 times) and the actual previous angle (at a sharpening angle γ = 15⁰, respectively: from 36⁰ to 18⁰; from 25⁰ to 17⁰; from 21⁰ to 16⁰ and from 22⁰ to 17⁰). All this indicates a decrease in the intensity of the cutting process with increasing intensity of the previous HPD The following minimum values of the groove profile angle for the investigated materials 2φmin were determined: 80⁰ (steel10); 60⁰ (steel 35); 50⁰ (steel 45 and alloy AK6). It is established that the minimum depth of the chip-splitting groove hC is determined from the condition of chip destruction when the tangential stresses in the shear zone are exceeded above the shear resistance of the processed material. The following values of the minimum depth of the chip-splitting groove for the studied materials were obtained: hCmin = (0.4… 0.55) Sz - steels 35 and 45; hCmin = (0.55 (0.6) Sz - AK6 alloy.

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21

Dou, Xiangyuan, Tong Wang, and Xiaoyun Qu. "Investigation on the circumferential grooves effects in a two-stage axial flow compressor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012056.

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Abstract The performances of a two-stage industrial axial-flow compressor were tested to investigate the effects of circumferential grooves. The corresponding numerical models with four-blade cascade were set up. The numerical and test results showed that the operation range of the compressor near stall point can be extended obviously by the circumferential grooves. The internal flow field of the compressor was analysed numerically in detail, especially the tip leakage flow. It was found that stall occurred originally in the first stage and the local flow rate of the tip leakage was approximately proportional to the corresponding blade load. In addition, the local flow rate of tip leakage tended to decrease gradually along the flow direction near stall point. The tendency indicated that there were the most part of the blade load in the front of the rotor. It was proposed that the circumferential grooves could be set up at a specific stage in the multistage axial flow compressor where stall might occur originally to extend the operation range with lower manufacturing cost. Meanwhile, several circumferential grooves in the front segment of the rotor would be enough to play the effect on the stability enhancement for the axial compressor.

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22

Yan, Wenqiang, Guanghua Xu, Yuhui Du, and Xiaobi Chen. "SSVEP-EEG Feature Enhancement Method Using an Image Sharpening Filter." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 30 (2022): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2022.3142736.

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23

Ushomirskaya, Ludmila A., Yuri Mikhailovich Baron, and Ivan Sergeevich Kuzmichev. "Design of Special Device for the Forced Electrolytic-Plasma Polishing of Internal Surfaces by Counter Flows." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.610.

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The practice shows availability of an electro plasma method polishing. The lack of a method, namely impossibility of its application for processing extended grooves and apertures is known. Creation of a special equipment and revealing of optimum modes have allowed to receive the given roughness on the named surfaces on products from cuprum.

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24

Mohammadi, M. M., and M. H. Sadeghi. "Simulation and Physical Modeling of Forging Sequence of Bj Type Outer Race." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.150.

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The outer race of a constant velocity (CV) joint is an important automotive component that is difficult to be forged because its shape is very complicated and the required precision is high. Since traditional cold forging methods are not always capable of producing complexly shaped parts, such parts are often made by processes, which require intense machining operations at relatively high costs. Thus near net shape forging is an attractive option for producing of outer race. Actual problems in final ironing sequence are prevention of ductile fracture and surface defects in final product and true formation of internal ball grooves of the workpiece. In this study Cockroft&Latham failure criterion was applied to final ironing sequence. Finally physical modeling is down using lead. In order to investigate the flow of the billet material during forging, the experimentally obtained section profile of internal grooves as measured by a CMM is compared with simulation based profile.

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Sundararaj, M. "Computational Analysis of Mixing Characteristics of Jets from Rectangular Nozzle with Internal Grooves." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 6, sp5 (December 20, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2013/v6isp5.1.

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26

Game, Simon E., Marc Hodes, and Demetrios T. Papageorgiou. "Effects of slowly varying meniscus curvature on internal flows in the Cassie state." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 872 (June 10, 2019): 272–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.366.

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The flow rate of a pressure-driven liquid through a microchannel may be enhanced by texturing its no-slip boundaries with grooves aligned with the flow. In such cases, the grooves may contain vapour and/or an inert gas and the liquid is trapped in the Cassie state, resulting in (apparent) slip. The flow-rate enhancement is of benefit to different applications including the increase of throughput of a liquid in a lab-on-a-chip, and the reduction of thermal resistance associated with liquid metal cooling of microelectronics. At any given cross-section, the meniscus takes the approximate shape of a circular arc whose curvature is determined by the pressure difference across it. Hence, it typically protrudes into the grooves near the inlet of a microchannel and is gradually drawn into the microchannel as it is traversed and the liquid pressure decreases. For sufficiently large Reynolds numbers, the variation of the meniscus shape and hence the flow geometry necessitates the inclusion of inertial (non-parallel) flow effects. We capture them for a slender microchannel, where our small parameter is the ratio of ridge pitch-to-microchannel height, and order-one Reynolds numbers. This is done by using a hybrid analytical–numerical method to resolve the nonlinear three-dimensional (3-D) problem as a sequence of two-dimensional (2-D) linear ones in the microchannel cross-section, allied with non-local conditions that determine the slowly varying pressure distribution at leading and first orders. When the pressure difference across the microchannel is constrained by the advancing contact angle of the liquid on the ridges and its surface tension (which is high for liquid metals), inertial effects can significantly reduce the flow rate for realistic parameter values. For example, when the solid fraction of the ridges is 0.1, the microchannel height-to-(half) ridge pitch ratio is 6, the Reynolds number of the flow is 1 and the small parameter is 0.1, they reduce the flow rate of a liquid metal (Galinstan) by approximately 50 %. Conversely, for sufficiently large microchannel heights, they enhance it. Physical explanations of both of these phenomena are given.

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27

Shen, Zhengjing, Wuli Chu, Song Yan, Xiangyi Chen, Zhengtao Guo, and Yiming Zhong. "Study of the performance and internal flow in centrifugal pump with grooved volute casing." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 25 (July 3, 2020): 2050268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920502681.

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An innovative structure of longitudinal grooves was designed on the volute casing of a centrifugal pump to improve the performance and internal flow characteristics. Comparisons were made between the model with grooved volute casing (GVC) and the model with original volute casing (OVC) operating in different working conditions. To get a better understanding of the influence of grooves on the centrifugal pump, some preliminary studies were performed with a simplified model. The results indicated that the application of GVC offers better pump performance under the large flow rate, also can stabilize the operating range of the centrifugal pump. In addition, the drag reduction effect of GVC is quite considerable compared with the pump with OVC. The pump with modified volute casing can suppress and eliminate the instability flow inside the impeller channels and volute casing. By using the GVC, the pressure and velocity distribution inside the impeller channel ameliorated especially for the 0.85 [Formula: see text] near the region of rotor–stator interaction between impeller and volute casing. Furthermore, the effects of GVC on flow passing ability may be recognized clearly for the flow area of the model with GVC increased by 5% at one impeller channel compared to the pump with OVC.

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Petersont, G. P., X. J. Lu, X. F. Peng, and B. X. Wang. "Analytical and experimental investigation of the rewetting of circular channels with internal V-grooves." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 35, no. 11 (November 1992): 3085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(92)90328-p.

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29

Skaansar, Jo Fougner, Bruno Laeng, and Anne Danielsen. "Microtiming and Mental Effort." Music Perception 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2019.37.2.111.

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The present study tested two assumptions concerning the auditory processing of microtiming in musical grooves (i.e., repeating, movement-inducing rhythmic patterns): 1) Microtiming challenges the listener's internal framework of timing regularities, or meter, and demands cognitive effort. 2) Microtiming promotes a “groove” experience—a pleasant sense of wanting to move along with the music. Using professional jazz musicians and nonmusicians as participants, we hypothesized that microtiming asynchronies between bass and drums (varying from −80 to 80 ms) were related to a) an increase in “mental effort” (as indexed by pupillometry), and b) a decrease in the quality of sensorimotor synchronization (as indexed by reduced finger tapping stability). We found bass/drums-microtiming asynchronies to be positively related to pupil dilation and negatively related to tapping stability. In contrast, we found that steady timekeeping (presence of eighth note hi-hat in the grooves) decreased pupil size and increased tapping performance, though there were no conclusive differences in pupil response between musicians and nonmusicians. However, jazz musicians consistently tapped with higher stability than nonmusicians, reflecting an effect of rhythmic expertise. Except for the condition most closely resembling real music, participants preferred the on-the-grid grooves to displacements in microtiming and bass-succeeding-drums-conditions were preferred over the reverse.

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30

Müller, Ancla, Moritz Hackstein, Maksim Greiner, Philipp Frank, Dominik J. Bomans, Ralf-Jürgen Dettmar, and Torsten Enßlin. "Sharpening up Galactic all-sky maps with complementary data." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (November 30, 2018): A64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833604.

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Context. Galactic all-sky maps at very disparate frequencies, such as in the radio and γ-ray regime, show similar morphological structures. This mutual information reflects the imprint of the various physical components of the interstellar medium. Aims. We want to use multifrequency all-sky observations to test resolution improvement and restoration of unobserved areas for maps in certain frequency ranges. For this we aim to reconstruct or predict from sets of other maps all-sky maps that, in their original form, lack a high resolution compared to other available all-sky surveys or are incomplete in their spatial coverage. Additionally, we want to investigate the commonalities and differences that the interstellar medium components exhibit over the electromagnetic spectrum. Methods. We built an n-dimensional representation of the joint pixel-brightness distribution of n maps using a Gaussian mixture model and investigate how predictive it is. We study the extend to which one map of the training set can be reproduced based on subsets of other maps? Results. Tests with mock data show that reconstructing the map of a certain frequency from other frequency regimes works astonishingly well, predicting reliably small-scale details well below the spatial resolution of the initially learned map. Applied to the observed multifrequency data sets of the Milky Way this technique is able to improve the resolution of, for example, the low-resolution Fermi-LAT maps as well as to recover the sky from artifact-contaminated data such as the ROSAT 0.855 keV map. The predicted maps generally show less imaging artifacts compared to the original ones. A comparison of predicted and original maps highlights surprising structures, imaging artifacts (fortunately not reproduced in the prediction), and features genuine to the respective frequency range that are not present at other frequency bands. We discuss limitations of this machine learning approach and ideas how to overcome them. In particular, with increasing sophistication of the method, such as introducing more internal degrees of freedom, it starts to internalize imaging artifacts. Conclusions. The approach is useful to identify particularities in astronomical maps and to provide detailed educated guesses of the sky morphology at not yet observed resolutions and locations.

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Chernykh, I. N., K. V. Shendyapin, E. A. Geim, D. V. Ovchinnikov, I. N. Krivonogov, and K. V. Bol’nykh. "Study of deformation conditions at longitudinal pipes rolling from austenite steel grades." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 3 (March 28, 2021): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-3-312-319.

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Stainless steels of austenite class 08–12Х18Н10Т have a high corrosion resistance, which stipulates for their wide application in various areas of industry. Technology of pipes production of the steels is rather specific and requires observation of some conditions. It was shown that temperature of a work-piece heating before deformation is an important parameter of the technology. It was noted that for the piercing of a steel work-piece with various chrome content, there is a rational temperature interval. Nonobservation of the temperature can lead to defects formation on internal pipe surface because of earlier destruction and opening of metal cavity during piercing. The choice of the rolling-out scheme has a direct effect on the work-piece forming in cross-sections. Results of hot rolling of Ø37×2,5 tube samples, manufactured of 08–12Х18Н10Т steel and carbon steel of grade 40 presented. The rolling was done at a laboratory mill. As a result of the experiment the lower limit of ovality of rolls grooves was specified for conditions of rolling of pipes from 08–12Х18Н10Т steels by 2-roll scheme. At the rolling with ovality B/H ≤1,07, defects appeared on the internal tube surface in the form of scratches caused by the mandrel. The rational range of ovality of grooves at multi-stand rolling can be from 1.08 to 1.15. According to criterion of groove overfilling by metal for steels 08–12Х18Н10Т, requirements were formed towards the groove width of the first stand of longitudinal rolling mill. The groove width must be larger than the sleeve diameter: for 3-roll scheme – at least by 2–3%, for 2-roll scheme – at least by 7.0–7.5%. Potential advantages of 3-roll scheme comparing with 2-roll scheme for rolling of 08–12Х18Н10Т steels were established as follows: lower probability of grooves overfilling by metal of the work-piece, absence of defects (scratches caused by mandrel), on the tube internal surface at minimal ovality level of 1.07, lower level of transverse pipe wall non-uniform thickness.

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32

Han, Ku-Il, Dong-Hyun Cho, and Jong-Un Park. "Investigation of boiling heat transfer characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphons with various internal grooves." KSME International Journal 17, no. 11 (November 2003): 1739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02983604.

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33

Görög, Augustín, Ingrid Görögová, and Maroš Martinkovič. "Analysis of the Surface Roughness of a Tube Drawn by a Fixed Mandrel." Materials Science Forum 994 (May 2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.70.

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The manufacture of tubes by a fixed mandrel drawing is one of the technologies in the manufacture of seamless tubes. This is the oldest tube drawing method. It uses a mandrel at the end of the die to shape the internal diameter of the tube. This process is slow and the area reductions are limited (lengths of tubes are limited), but it gives the best inner surface finish of any of the processes. The use of a fixed mandrel by the drawing of small-diameter tubes makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the inner surface and improve the quality. The paper presents the results of solving a partial task in this area. It deals with the reconstruction of the microgeometry of the inner surface of a tube drawn by a fixed mandrel. Tubes (STN 41 1353) were drawn through dies with different reduction angles. There were grounds the straight and spiral grooves on used fixed mandrels. On the inner surface of the tube were formed grooves after drawn that had a different surface roughness compared to the mandrel surface. The paper graphically presents the morphology of obtained surfaces under various conditions (reduction angles, straight/spiral grooves on the fixed mandrel) as well as measured surface roughness values. At the end of the paper, the knowledge gained through experimental research are summarized.

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34

Plotnikov, L. V., N. I. Grigoryev, L. E. Osipov, and O. A. Plotnikov. "Features of thermomechanics of pulsating gas flows in inlet systems with grooves applicable to automotive engines." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2021): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2021-2-85-89.

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Reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) are widely used as heat engines for converting the chemical energy of a fuel into mechanical work on the crankshaft. Aerodynamic and thermophysical processes in gas exchange systems significantly affect the efficiency of the RICE. This paper examines the possibility of influencing the gas dynamics and heat transfer of pulsating gas flows in the inlet system by placing a channel with grooves. It is known that the presence of grooves in the channel leads to the formation of significant secondary vortices, which radically change the physical picture of the gas flow. The studies were carried out on a laboratory bench, which was a singlecylinder model of a turbocharged RICE. A system of measurements of basic physical quantities is described, taking into account their high dynamics. Techniques for processing experimental data are presented. Primary data on instantaneous values of gas-dynamic and heatexchange characteristics of pulsating flows are presented. It was found that the presence of a channel with grooves in the inlet system leads to a decrease in the degree of turbulence to 40 % and an intensification of heat transfer in the range of 5–50 % compared to the basic inlet system. A positive effect is shown in the form of an increase in engine power by 3 % when using the modernized system.

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35

WRÓBLEWSKI, Piotr, and Antoni ISKRA. "Geometry of shape of profiles of the sliding surface of ring seals in the aspect of friction losses and oil film parameters." Combustion Engines 167, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2016-404.

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The article describes the results of simulations of the approved variations of sliding surfaces of ring seals in relation to a reference symmetrical barrel profile which is most often used in piston internal combustion engines. In particular the paper discusses the impact of the five assumed variants of sliding profiles of ring seals onto the thickness of oil film left on the cylinder face by a bottom and upper ring seal, the distribution of internal friction force in oil film between the ring seal set and the cylinder face, finally the oil film cover on a sliding surface of the upper ring seal. The results presented in the article show a close relationship between the sliding surface profile of ring seals and a unit oil consumption. A relationship between these parameters for the elements lying in the movement plane of a wrist pin axis was proven, as well as for the one lying in the plane perpendicular to it. Exemplary parameters of oil film and friction losses were presented while assuming a constant total axial values of the height and depth of circumferential grooves. The shapes of these grooves on the sliding surface of the ring seals in free state can be made with electroerosion microprocessing or ablative laser microprocessing.

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36

INOUE, NORIHIRO, and JUNYA ICHINOSE. "SINGLE-PHASE HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP INSIDE INTERNALLY HELICAL-GROOVED HORIZONTAL SMALL-DIAMETER TUBES." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 20, no. 04 (December 2012): 1250022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132512500228.

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An experimental study on pressure drop and heat transfer in single-phase was carried out using 10 types of internally helical-grooved and smooth small-diameter tubes with an outside diameter of 4 mm. The results are listed below: (1) In the turbulent flow region, fin height had the greatest effect, helix angle had only a minor effect, and the number of grooves had almost no effect upon the pressure drop versus the mass flow rate of the 4-mm grooved small-diameter tubes. In the laminar flow region, except for fin height, the shapes of the internal grooves had scarcely any effect upon pressure drop. (2) In the turbulent flow region, the heat transfer coefficients of the 4-mm grooved small-diameter tubes were greatly affected by fin height. The heat transfer coefficients became the maximum when a helix angle was near 15°, and there is a different tendency in the experiments of the pressure drop. On the other hand, there is almost no effect of the number of grooves. In the laminar flow region, there were no large differences in the heat transfer coefficients between the internally helical-grooved tubes and smooth small-diameter tube. (3) New empirical correlations for the friction factor and heat transfer coefficient in the laminar and turbulent flow regions were developed based on the experimental values. (4) The performance assessment in consideration of both heat transfer and pressure drop was indicated by using Colburn's analogy.

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37

Malakhov, Alexsandr, Tatiana Likhachyova, Larisa Petrova, Alexsey Perekryostov, and Valeria Perekryostova. "Material-scientific and technological aspects of ICE crankshaft disintegrations." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2021, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2021-2-41-48.

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The examples of crankshaft disintegration in modern internal combustion engines are considered. The cases of ICE crankshaft failure connected with the presence of manufacturing defects in them are analyzed: neck surface strengthening failure or its absence, metallurgic defects in material microstructure, necks and their lubrication grooves rough machining are analyzed. To determine the reasons of crankshaft disintegrations there was used a developed research complex for monitoring a structural state and analysis of motor car parts material disintegration during operation.

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38

Boukera, Abaci, Aleksandar Kari, Damir Jerković, and Nebojša Hristov. "The influence of the internal ballistic pressure on the rifled barrel stress response." Scientific Technical Review 70, no. 2 (2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2002041b.

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This paper focused on the 12.7 mm gun barrel stress response caused by the pressure of the gunpowder gases. During the firing process, the barrel is loaded by different mechanical, chemical and thermal loads. In this paper except the pressure of the propellant combustion, all the other loads were ignored. The pressure loads are obtained with a mathematical model of the interior ballistic. The Lame equations for the thick-walled cylinder were used to calculate the barrel stress response. The loads are applied on a certain barrel cross-section for a defined time. Two 3D models of the barrel with and without grooves were used to perform a numerical simulation. A comparison between results for the two types of barrels shows a good agreement between the stresses obtained by the analytical and numerical methods.

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39

Liu, Tianlong, Shiliang Wang, Lizhen Hou, and Han Huang. "Synthesis of Five-fold-twinned silver microwhiskers by physical vapor deposition." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 31 (December 20, 2019): 1950371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219503715.

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Pentagonal noble metal crystals, with a five-fold-twinned (FFT) structure that exhibits prominent noncrystallographic symmetry, have been the focus of research in the past several decades due to their promising applications in various fields such as chemical and biological sensors, electronics and optoelectronics. A great deal of previous experimental studies and theoretical analyses suggested that such an FFT structure could only exist in the nanoscale crystals, because of the lateral restriction in growth, or in microscale crystals with re-entrant grooves that can effectively release the internal strain. In this study, we synthesized the microscale single-crystalline and multi-twinned Ag crystals with various morphologies, using physical vapor deposition (PVD). FFT Ag microwhiskers with diameters up to 10 [Formula: see text]m were produced, but without re-entrant grooves on their side surfaces. Our findings suggest that FFT whiskers can be formed without the use of any surface-capping agents or without necessitating restriction in lateral growth. This further suggests that the current understanding of the surface passivation or the strain-restriction formation of five-fold-twined micro- and nanowhiskers needs improvement.

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40

Morhart, Tyler A., Stuart Read, Garth Wells, Michael Jacobs, Scott M. Rosendahl, Sven Achenbach, and Ian J. Burgess. "Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectromicroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation and Micromachined Silicon Wafers for Microfluidic Applications." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 12 (August 23, 2018): 1781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818785640.

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A custom-designed optical configuration compatible with the use of micromachined multigroove internal reflection elements (μ-groove IREs) for attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and imaging applications in microfluidic devices is described. The μ-groove IREs consist of several face-angled grooves etched into a single, monolithic silicon chip. The optical configuration permits individual grooves to be addressed by focusing synchrotron sourced IR light through a 150 µm pinhole aperture, restricting the beam spot size to a dimension smaller than that of the groove walls. The effective beam spot diameter at the ATR sampling plane is determined through deconvolution of the measured detector response and found to be 70 µm. The μ-groove IREs are highly compatible with standard photolithographic techniques as demonstrated by printing a 400 µm wide channel in an SU-8 film spin-coated on the IRE surface. Attenuated total reflection FT-IR mapping as a function of sample position across the channel illustrates the potential application of this approach for rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices.

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41

Zhu, Zhenyu, Iftekhar Ahmad, and Amir Mirmiran. "Effect of Column Parameters on Axial Compression Behavior of Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes." Advances in Structural Engineering 8, no. 4 (August 2005): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/136943305774353098.

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Axial compression tests have shown fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes to significantly enhance both strength and ductility of concrete columns. However, most experiments and associated models typically do not account for the internal reinforcement, size effect of the column, and the end load-bearing conditions of the tube. An experimental program was undertaken to evaluate the effect of these parameters on the performance of CFFT columns. Glass FRP tubes filled with plain, steel-reinforced, and glass FRP-reinforced concrete were tested with and without end grooves, which would prevent the tube from directly bearing of the axial load. The experiments showed the dowel action of the internal reinforcement to improve the ductility of the columns by restraining the lateral dilation of concrete core. Anempirically derived confinement model, augmented with the stress-strain response of the internal reinforcement, showed close agreement with test results.

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42

Yang, Zhe, Yangyang Yu, Yanpeng Wei, and Chenguang Huang. "Crushing behavior of a thin-walled circular tube with internal gradient grooves fabricated by SLM 3D printing." Thin-Walled Structures 111 (February 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.11.004.

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43

Bagheri, A. H., S. Nasrazadani, and H. Bostanci. "Impact of Internal Pipe Grooves on Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Small-Bore A-106 Carbon Steel Pipes." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 17, no. 3 (March 17, 2017): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-017-0237-z.

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44

MARTINOVIC, JOZEF, and JOZEF PETERKA. "TECHNOLOGY OF BROACHING – RESEARCH OF THE ROUGHNESS AND MACHINE CAPABILITY." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 6 (December 15, 2021): 5452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_12_2021187.

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The work deals with the technology of metal machining with a focus on the technology of broaching the internal shaped surfaces. The design of the drawing tools is a tool with several cutting edges, whereby the final shape of the inner shaped surface is made for one rectilinear movement of the tool. The cost of broaching tools is higher. For these reasons, the broaching technology is suitable for series production. One part of the paper covers the research of the achieved roughness of the internal grooves when changing the cutting environment, an emulsion was used instead of oil. The second part involves the use of statistical methods in the technology of broaching internal contoured surfaces. The research is focused on the machine capability. The results of measuring the accuracy of the tolerated dimension of the inner holes after broaching are used as input values to this statistic.

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45

Subhan, Ali. "Perumusan Strategi Fakultas Teknik Universitas Suryakancana menggunakan Model Gabungan Balanced Scorecard, Sun-Tzu, Quality Function Deployment & Analisis SWOT." Jurnal Media Teknik dan Sistem Industri 1 (December 26, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jmtsi.v1i0.60.

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Abstract— The success of a college is influenced by various factors, both internal and external factors of the organization. Faculty of Engineering Suryakancana University is one of the many universities that manage higher education that must be able to survive from various challenges, obstacles and competition with other university institutions. This study aims to formulate the right strategy for Faculty of Engineering Universitas Suryakancana able to compete with the existing universities in Cianjur and in the West Java Province. The method used in this research is by combining several methods among others Balanced Scorecard, Sun-Tzu, Quality Function Deployment, and SWOT Analysis. Based on the result of research there are several formulation of strategy that must be implemented by Faculty of Engineering Suryakancana University, among others the implementation of quality assurance system, improvement of lecturer's resources, strict student selection, sharpening of vision and mission of college, and implementation of internal supervision system.Keywords: SWOT analysis, BSC, QFD, Sun-Tzu Strategy, Strategy Formulation

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46

Strilets, О. R., V. M. Strilets, and A. A. Stepaniuk. "TENSION AND DEFORMATIONS OF STAR-SHAPED SPRING VERTICES WITH STRANGULATED ENDS OF THE FLEXIBLE COUPLING." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 48 (March 27, 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.48.767.

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The article examines the structure of overload flexible coupling that contains internal and external hubs, connected by a star-shaped spring with the circular vertices inserted in grooves on the outer surface of internal hub and inner surface of the external hub. Position of the star-shaped spring is fixed on the inner hub by the wedge, which allows the spring to be made either solid or of separate circular vertices with strangulated ends. Geometric synthesis of star-shaped spring with vertices of circular shape, depending on its size was conducted. It is assumed that star spring vertices are the double-hinge arches of circular form. Calculations of analytical solutions using the methods of structural mechanics were done. Analytical expressions proved workability of the star-shaped spring of flexible overload coupling during the torque transmission.

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47

Smith, Lonnie A., and Petrus Christiaan Pistorius. "Build Surface Roughness and Internal Oxide Concentration for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of IN718." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6010025.

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Oxidation of hot spatter during laser powder bed fusion results in the deposition of oxides on the build surface. In the case of IN718—as studied in this work—the oxide is alumina. While some of this surface oxide may be incorporated in the build, an oxygen mass balance indicates some oxygen removal during the building process. This work tested an expected effect of the roughness of the build surface on the concentration of micron-sized oxide inclusions that are incorporated in test coupons during building. The roughness of the build surface responded to changes in hatch spacing, in line with a simple geometric model of the overlap between adjacent beads. Samples with deeper grooves retained more oxide, resulting in a much larger concentration of oxide inclusions within the samples. The conclusion is that parts with lower inclusion concentrations can be produced by decreasing the hatch spacing, at the cost of a lower build rate.

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48

Weikusat, Ilka, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Sérgio H. Faria, Nobuhiko Azuma, and Atsushi Miyamoto. "Subgrain boundaries and related microstructural features in EDML (Antarctica) deep ice core." Journal of Glaciology 55, no. 191 (2009): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214309788816614.

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AbstractSubgrain boundaries revealed as shallow sublimation grooves on ice sample surfaces are a direct and easily observable feature of intracrystalline deformation and recrystallization. Statistical data obtained from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) deep ice core drilled in East Antarctica cannot detect a depth region of increased subgrain-boundary formation. Grain-boundary morphologies show a strong influence of internal strain energy on the microstructure at all depths. The data do not support the classical view of a change of dominating recrystallization regimes with depth. Three major types of subgrain boundaries, reflecting high mechanical anisotropy, are specified in combination with crystal-orientation analysis.

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49

Zhang, Chang Fu, Fa Guang Wang, and Shi Yu Xu. "A Small Magnetic Driving ECM Machine." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.72.

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To solve the problems (long transmission chain, poor reachability, complicated structure, etc.) of current electrochemical machining (ECM) machines, a small magnetic driving ECM machine was designed. The working principle of the machine is introduced, magnetic driving system and electrolyte system of the machine are designed in this paper, and strength and deformation analysis of bed is performed by ANSYS software. Drive system and transmission system working as a whole part could directly drive cathode to machine workpieces without long transmission chain. The small magnetic driving ECM machine could machine holes, curved surface, internal grooves and other complicated-shape parts with high accuracy.

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50

Wiens, Eugen, and Werner Homberg. "Internal Flow-Turning – extended manufacturing possibilities in tailored tube production." MATEC Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819011002.

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The motivation behind the development of a new approach to the manufacture of tailored tubes is the need for greater flexibility in the wall thickness variation of semi-finished parts compared with present manufacturing processes. In the so-called Internal Flow-Turning (IFT) process, the wall thickness contour of regular tubes with a uniform wall thickness is adjusted by means of a rolling process employing an innovative roller tool on the inside of the tube and a die on the outside of the tube. The gap between the roller element and the die can be adjusted through the axial infeed of the roller tool. The gap defines the current wall thickness of the tube during the manufacturing process. In this way, the wall thickness contour can be set in a precise manner by varying the gap distance as the tube is being pulled through the die. Besides the possibility of locally adjusting the wall thickness, IFT can also be used to form geometrical rib elements in the radial tube direction by using a radially shaped die. As the material flow in the IFT-process is mainly caused by compressive stress, the grooves of the die can be “filled up” by radial material displacement.

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