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Статті в журналах з теми "Sharka Disease"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 листопада 2022

Оновлено: 24 грудня 2022

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1

Slováková, Ľ., and I. Dávidová. "Annual herbs – possible reservoirs of sharka disease?" Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10492-pps.

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Nineteen annuals – herbaceous indicators – were used for elucidation of Plum pox potyvirus seed transmission possibility after artificial inoculation with 9 different naturally infected PPV M and D strain sources. The seeds of positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tested herbaceous indicators were collected and planted for germination. Successful seed transmission was detected after ELISA in 3 weeks old plants as follows: Nicotiana benthamiana 3.75% (source of PPV M Prunus domestica L. cv. unknown); N. clevelandii 3.5% (source of PPV M P. armeniaca (L.) Batsch cv. V 66052); N. benthamiana 8.42% and N. acuminata 1.97% (source of PPV D P. domestica L. cv. Althane); N. benthamiana 12.73% (source of PPV M P. domestica L. cv. Bystrická); N. acuminata 1.84% and N. occidentalis 15.1% (source of PPV D Rubus fruticosus Agg.); N. occidentalis 19.23% (source of PPV M Juglans regia L. isolate O 15); N. occidentalis 12.0% (source of PPV M J. regia L. isolate H1). These preliminary results suggest that PPV seed transmission by annual species may serve as a potential source of a virus spreading to the new plantations of the stone fruit trees by aphids transmission.

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2

Ilardi, V., E. Di Nicola-Negri, A. Brunetti, A. Gentile, S. Monticelli, and C. Damiano. "RNA INTERFERENCE FOR SHARKA DISEASE RESISTANCE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 738 (March 2007): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.738.77.

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3

Budzanivska, I., L. Usko, A. Gospodaryk, M. Melnyk, and V. Polischuk. "EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SHARKA DISEASE IN UKRAINE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 899 (June 2011): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.899.6.

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4

Labonne, G., and S. Dallot. "Epidemiology of sharka disease in France." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00985.x.

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5

Cambra, M., N. Capote, M. A. Cambra, G. Llácer, P. Botella, and A. López-Quílez. "Epidemiology of sharka disease in Spain." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00986.x.

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6

Virček, M., and I. Mavrič. "CURRENT STATUS OF SHARKA DISEASE IN SLOVENIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 657 (September 2004): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.657.36.

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7

Gottwald, T. R. "Epidemiology of sharka disease in North America." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00988.x.

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8

Çağlayan, K., C. Ulubaş Serçe, and M. Gazel. "FOURTHY-FIVE YEARS OF SHARKA DISEASE IN TURKEY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1063 (January 2015): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1063.4.

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9

Ravelonandro, M., and R. Scorza. "TRANSGENIC PLUMS - FRUIT-TREES RESISTANT TO SHARKA DISEASE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 663 (December 2004): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.663.76.

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10

Llácer, G., and M. Cambra. "THIRTEEN YEARS OF SHARKA DISEASE IN VALENCIA, SPAIN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 472 (November 1998): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.472.44.

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11

Ozer Elibuyuk, I. "Current situation of sharka disease in Ankara, Turkey." Phytoparasitica 32, no. 4 (August 2004): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02979855.

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12

Kamenova, I., and S. Milusheva. "Sharka Disease in Bulgaria: Past, Present and Future." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 19, sup3 (January 2005): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2005.10817283.

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13

Ádám, J., L. Palkovics, I. Tóbiás, and A. Almási. "PRESENCE OF SHARKA DISEASE IN THE NORTH-HUNGARIAN COUNTIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1063 (January 2015): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1063.6.

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14

Rimbaud, Loup, Sylvie Dallot, Claude Bruchou, Sophie Thoyer, Emmanuel Jacquot, Samuel Soubeyrand, and Gaël Thébaud. "Improving Management Strategies of Plant Diseases Using Sequential Sensitivity Analyses." Phytopathology® 109, no. 7 (July 2019): 1184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-18-0196-r.

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Анотація:

Improvement of management strategies of epidemics is often hampered by constraints on experiments at large spatiotemporal scales. A promising approach consists of modeling the biological epidemic process and human interventions, which both impact disease spread. However, few methods enable the simultaneous optimization of the numerous parameters of sophisticated control strategies. To do so, we propose a heuristic approach (i.e., a practical improvement method approximating an optimal solution) based on sequential sensitivity analyses. In addition, we use an economic improvement criterion based on the net present value, accounting for both the cost of the different control measures and the benefit generated by disease suppression. This work is motivated by sharka (caused by Plum pox virus), a vector-borne disease of prunus trees (especially apricot, peach, and plum), the management of which in orchards is mainly based on surveillance and tree removal. We identified the key parameters of a spatiotemporal model simulating sharka spread and control and approximated optimal values for these parameters. The results indicate that the current French management of sharka efficiently controls the disease, but it can be economically improved using alternative strategies that are identified and discussed. The general approach should help policy makers to design sustainable and cost-effective strategies for disease management.

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15

Rimbaud, Loup, Claude Bruchou, Sylvie Dallot, David R. J. Pleydell, Emmanuel Jacquot, Samuel Soubeyrand, and Gaël Thébaud. "Using sensitivity analysis to identify key factors for the propagation of a plant epidemic." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 171435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171435.

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Identifying the key factors underlying the spread of a disease is an essential but challenging prerequisite to design management strategies. To tackle this issue, we propose an approach based on sensitivity analyses of a spatiotemporal stochastic model simulating the spread of a plant epidemic. This work is motivated by the spread of sharka, caused by plum pox virus , in a real landscape. We first carried out a broad-range sensitivity analysis, ignoring any prior information on six epidemiological parameters, to assess their intrinsic influence on model behaviour. A second analysis benefited from the available knowledge on sharka epidemiology and was thus restricted to more realistic values. The broad-range analysis revealed that the mean duration of the latent period is the most influential parameter of the model, whereas the sharka-specific analysis uncovered the strong impact of the connectivity of the first infected orchard. In addition to demonstrating the interest of sensitivity analyses for a stochastic model, this study highlights the impact of variation ranges of target parameters on the outcome of a sensitivity analysis. With regard to sharka management, our results suggest that sharka surveillance may benefit from paying closer attention to highly connected patches whose infection could trigger serious epidemics.

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16

Rankovic, M., D. OgaÅ¡anovic, and S. Paunovic. "BREEDING OF PLUM CULTIVARS RESISTANT TO SHARKA (PLUM POX) DISEASE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 359 (May 1994): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.359.8.

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17

Ravelonandro, M., A. Callahan, C. Dardick, P. Briard, and R. Scorza. "Development and improvement of detection technologies to control sharka disease." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1163 (June 2017): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1163.7.

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18

Soriano, J. M., M. L. Domigo, E. Zuriaga, C. Romero, G. Llacer, and M. L. Badenes. "GENETIC TOOLS FOR SELECTING RESISTANCE TO SHARKA DISEASE IN APRICOT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 966 (November 2012): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.966.40.

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19

Pavlova, S., O. Stakhurska, I. Budzanivska, and V. Polischuk. "GISTECHNOLOGY FOR THE MONITORING OF SHARKA DISEASE IN THE ODESSA REGION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 72, no. 2 (2016): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2016.72.28-31.

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Plant virus causes many important plant diseases and are responsible for huge losses in crop production and quality in all parts of the world, and consequently, agronomists and plant pathologists have devoted considerable effort toward controlling virus diseases. One the most important virus on many Prunus species, causing great economic losses is Plum pox virus (PPV),casual agent of Sharka disease. Since its discovery, Sharka has been considered as a calamity in stone orchards. The virus has been detected in almost every country where any significant commercial stone fruit cultivation occurs [1]. The virus is entered into the list of regulated pests common in Ukraine. In Ukraine, the total area of PPV spread totals 4013,2764 ha. In Odessa region, 18.5 ha districts are in PPV quarantine. Six hotbeds of PPV infection totalling 28 hectares were found in Odessa region. For the first time in Odessa region, PPV was found on cherry trees. Peach and plum trees are hit equally. In this study, we use geographic information systems technology to identify potential locations in a Odessa region for controlling the spread of Plum pox virus. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to employ GIS technology for controlling plant diseases in Ukraine. Provided it is properly maintained, the geospatial data, and the ability to generate detailed maps with it, is key to the success of PPV containment. Information management will be a key to improving for controlling the spread of Plum pox virus.

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20

García, Juan Antonio, Miroslav Glasa, Mariano Cambra, and Thierry Candresse. "Plum pox virusand sharka: a model potyvirus and a major disease." Molecular Plant Pathology 15, no. 3 (January 8, 2014): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12083.

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21

Cambra, M., N. Capote, A. Myrta, and G. Llácer. "Plum pox virus and the estimated costs associated with sharka disease." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.01027.x.

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22

Valentina, Usenik, Star Franci, and Kastelec Damijana. "How does sharka affect the phenolics of plum fruit (Prunus domestica L.)?" Horticultural Science 44, No. 2 (May 11, 2017): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/196/2015-hortsci.

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Plum pox virus (PPV), the causal agent of the sharka disease, is the most important viral disease in plums. To understand plant defense response against PPV-infection, changes in the composition of phenolics were studied in plum fruit (Prunus domestica L.). The phenolics were determined in visually undeformed and necrotic tissue during the last three ripening stages. The results indicated a significantly modified composition of anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids, in necrotic tissue the most. The phenolics differed significantly also between developmental stages and give insight into the phenolic profile of fallen unripe fruit. This study shows how PPV infection induces the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plum fruit.

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23

Dicenta, F., P. J. Pérez-Campoy, P. Martínez-Gómez, J. García-Brunton, and M. A. Botella. "NATURAL SPREAD OF SHARKA DISEASE IN FRUIT TREE ORCHARDS IN MURCIA (SPAIN)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 488 (May 1999): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.488.129.

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24

Çağlayan, K., and S. Yurdakul. "Sharka disease (Plum pox virus) in Turkey: the past, present and future." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1163 (June 2017): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1163.11.

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25

Yurtmen, M., A. Hazır, P. Gök Güler, and H. Fidan. "Attempts to eradicate sharka disease in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1163 (June 2017): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1163.23.

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26

Staniulis, J., J. Stankiene, K. Sasnauskas, and A. Dargeviciute. "First Report of Sharka Disease Caused by Plum Pox Virus in Lithuania." Plant Disease 82, no. 12 (December 1998): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.12.1405c.

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Plum pox (sharka) disease caused by plum pox potyvirus (PPV) is considered the most important virus disease of stone fruit trees in Europe and the Mediterranean region. Nearly all those countries that produce stone fruits are affected (3). The causal virus of the disease is a European Plant Protection Organization A2 quarantine pathogen. Symptoms of leaf mottling, diffuse chlorotic spots, rings, and vein banding of varied intensity characteristic for plum pox virus infection were observed in the plum (Prunus domestica) orchard tree collection of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in Babtai in 1996. Presence of this virus in the diseased trees was confirmed by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with kits from BIOREBA (Reinach, Switzerland) and by polyclonal antibodies raised against a Moldavian isolate of PPV courtesy of T. D. Verderevskaya (Institute of Horticulture, Kishinev, Moldova). ELISAs with both sources of antiserum were positive for presence of PPV. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of potyvirus-like particles averaging 770 nm in extracts of mechanically inoculated plants of Chenopodium foetidum (chlorotic LL [local lesions]) and Pisum sativum cvs. Rainiai and Citron (mottling). For molecular diagnosis and characterization of this isolate, PPV-971, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed. Total RNA from the leaves of infected pea was isolated as described (2). High molecular weight RNA selectively precipitated with 2 M lithium chloride was used for RT-PCR amplification of the coat protein encoding sequence by use of specific primers complementary to 5′ and 3′ parts of PPV coat protein L1 (GenBank accession no. X81081). Amino acid sequence comparison with GenBank data indicated 98.2% similarity with coat protein of PPV potyvirus isolated by E. Mais et al. (accession no. X81083) and 97.3% with PPV strain Rankovic (1).The specific DNA fragment, corresponding to predicted coat protein sequence size, was cloned into Escherichia coli pUC57 for DNA sequencing. Expression of the cloned sequence in bacteria and yeast expression systems is under investigation. The presence of PPV in plum trees in the 9-year-old collection at Babtai was confirmed by DAS-ELISA in 1997 and again in 1998. PPV was then detected in 20% of symptomatic trees of three cultivars. The Lithuanian PPV isolate reacted positively with “universal” Mab.5b and with a Mab (Mab.4DG5) specific for PPV-D. No reaction was observed with Mabs specific for PPV-M (Mab.AL), PPV-C (Mab.AC and Mab.TUV), and PPV-El Amar (Mab.EA24). PPV-971 seems to be a typical member of the less aggressive Dideron strain cluster of PPV (D. Boscia, personal communication). This is the first report of PPV in Lithuania and confirms the necessity for continuing the precautionary measures established in this country for indexing of nursery plum trees used for graft propagation. References: (1) S. Lain et al. Virus Res. 13:157, 1989. (2) J. Logemann et al. Anal. Biochem. 163:16, 1987. (3) M. Nemeth. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 24:525, 1994.

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27

Syrgianidis, G. D., and A. Ch Mainou. "SELECTION OF SOME PROMISING APRICOT HYBRIDS RESISTANT TO SHARKA (PLUM POX VIRUS) DISEASE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 488 (May 1999): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.488.39.

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28

Karayiannis, I., A. Mainou, D. Styianidis, T. Thonidis, N. I. Karayiannis, and A. Tsaftaris. "RESISTANT TO SHARKA DISEASE (PPV) APRICOT HYBRIDS OF HIGH QUALITY, SELECTED IN GREECE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 701 (February 2006): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.701.53.

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29

İnce, E., P. Gök Güler, M. Yegül, M. Yurtmen, P. Keleş Öztürk, Ş. Yavuz, and H. Fidan. "Domestic quarantine studies of sharka disease in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1163 (June 2017): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1163.9.

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30

Herrera, G., P. Sepúlveda, and M. Madariaga. "SURVEY OF SHARKA DISEASE (PLUM POX VIRUS) ON STONE FRUIT TREES IN CHILE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 472 (November 1998): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.472.46.

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31

Zotto, A. Dal, J. M. Ortego, J. M. Raigón, S. Caloggero, M. Rossini, and D. A. Ducasse. "First Report in Argentina of Plum pox virus Causing Sharka Disease in Prunus." Plant Disease 90, no. 4 (April 2006): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0523c.

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Анотація:

Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is probably the most important disease of stone fruits crops worldwide because of tremendous yield losses from infected trees (1). During November 2004, symptoms resembling sharka disease were observed in a plum and apricot orchard consisting of 5,000 trees in Pocito, San Juan Province, Argentina. Apricot leaves showed chlorotic spots while plum leaves showed chlorotic rings, spots, and irregular edges. Plum fruits were deformed and much smaller than those from symptomless trees. Samples collected from 70 symptomatic trees were tested using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with a polyclonal antiserum anti-PPV from BIOREBA (Reinach BL1, Switzerland), and immunosorbent electron microscopy with a polyclonal antiserum from our laboratory made against a recombinant PPV capsid protein (CP). The samples were also tested using double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the REAL kit (Durviz, Valencia, Spain) with two different monoclonal antibodies including Mab 5b that recognizes all strains of PPV and Mab 4DG5 that is specific for PPV strain D. Samples were positive with both antibodies in 80% of the cases. Leaf extracts from symptomatic plum samples were also analyzed by immuno-capture reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. A 1,209-bp fragment was amplified with specific primers that anneal at the 5′ end of the coat protein coding region and the viral 3′ end poly A tail. The amplified fragment was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined for two of the resulting clones (Gen-Bank Accession Nos. DQ299537 and DQ299538). The sequences were 98% identical with the PPV-strain D from the United States (GenBank Accession No. AF360579) and Germany (GenBank Accession No. X81081). The restriction sites for AluI and RsaI, previously described (2) as typical for the PPV-D strain, were present in the expected positions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PPV-D in Argentina. Reference: (1) M. Németh. Virus, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia Disease of Fruit Trees. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1986. (2) T. Wetzel et al. J. Virol. Methods 33:355, 1991.

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32

Jevremovic, Darko, and Svetlana Paunovic. "Plum pox virus strains: Diversity and geographical distribution in Serbia." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 29, no. 2 (2014): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1402097j.

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Анотація:

Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causal agent of Sharka disease. Since its discovery, Sharka has been considered as a calamity in plum orchards. PPV is present worldwide in many Prunus species, causing great economic losses. In highly susceptible plum varieties, such as Pozegaca, PPV causes a premature fruit drop and reduces fruit quality, which leads to total yield loss. Eight PPV strains (PPV-M, PPV-D, PPV-EA, PPV-C, PPV-Rec, PPV-W, PPV-T and PPVCR) have been recognized so far. Three major strains (PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec) are the most widely dispersed and occur frequently in many European countries. Other strains are of minor importance due to their limited host preferences or geographic distribution. So far, all three major strains have been identified in Serbia. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research into Plum pox virus variability in Serbia.

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33

Deligöz, İlyas, Kemal Değirmenci, and Miray Sökmen. "Determination of Plum pox virus, the causal agent of Sharka Disease, in Samsun Province." ANADOLU JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 30, no. 3 (December 8, 2015): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2015.30.3.227-235.

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34

TERLIZZI, B., M. DIGIARO, and V. SAVINO. "Current status of sharka disease in Puglia (Italy) and implementation of an eradication programme." EPPO Bulletin 24, no. 3 (September 1994): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1994.tb01082.x.

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35

Salvador, B., J. A. García, and C. Simón-Mateo. "Causal agent of sharka disease: Plum pox virus genome and function of gene products." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00979.x.

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36

Polák, Jaroslav, Jiban K. Kundu, Boris Krška, Eva Beoni, Petr Komínek, Jitka Pívalova, and Jana Jarošová. "Transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone C5 ( cv. HoneySweet) for protection against sharka disease." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16, no. 3 (March 2017): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(16)61491-0.

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37

Rimbaud, Loup, Sylvie Dallot, Agnès Delaunay, Sonia Borron, Samuel Soubeyrand, Gaël Thébaud, and Emmanuel Jacquot. "Assessing the Mismatch Between Incubation and Latent Periods for Vector-Borne Diseases: The Case of Sharka." Phytopathology® 105, no. 11 (November 2015): 1408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-15-0014-r.

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The relative durations of the incubation period (the time between inoculation and symptom expression) and of the latent period (the time between inoculation and infectiousness of the host) are poorly documented for plant diseases. However, the extent of asynchrony between the ends of these two periods (i.e., their mismatch) can be a key determinant of the epidemic dynamics for many diseases and consequently it is of primary interest in the design of disease management strategies. In order to assess this mismatch, an experimental approach was developed and applied using sharka, a severe disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) affecting trees belonging to the genus Prunus. Leaves of infected young peach trees were used individually as viral sources in aphid-mediated transmission tests carried out at different time points postinoculation in order to bracket symptom onset. By fitting a nonlinear logistic model to the obtained transmission rates, we demonstrated that the first symptoms appear on leaves 1 day before they rapidly become infectious. In addition, among symptomatic leaves, symptom intensity and transmission rate are positively correlated. These results strengthen the conclusion that, under our experimental conditions, incubation and latent periods of PPV infection are almost synchronous.

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38

Karayiannis, I. "PROGRESS IN APRICOT BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO SHARKA DISEASE (PLUM POX VIRUS, PPV) IN GREECE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 717 (September 2006): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.717.17.

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39

Rimbaud, Loup, Sylvie Dallot, Tim Gottwald, Véronique Decroocq, Emmanuel Jacquot, Samuel Soubeyrand, and Gaël Thébaud. "Sharka Epidemiology and Worldwide Management Strategies: Learning Lessons to Optimize Disease Control in Perennial Plants." Annual Review of Phytopathology 53, no. 1 (August 4, 2015): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120140.

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40

Candresse, T., and M. Cambra. "Causal agent of sharka disease: historical perspective and current status of Plum pox virus strains." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00980.x.

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41

James, D., and M. Glasa. "Causal agent of sharka disease: new and emerging events associated with Plum pox virus characterization." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00981.x.

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42

Loera-Muro, Abraham, Rafael Gutiérrez-Campos, Mireya Delgado, Sandra Hernández-Camacho, and Ramón Jaime Holguín-Peña. "Identification of Plum pox virus causing sharka disease on peach (Prunus persica L.) in Mexico." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 39, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2017.1292549.

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43

Levy, L., V. Damsteegt, and R. Welliver. "First Report of Plum pox virus (Sharka Disease) in Prunus persica in the United States." Plant Disease 84, no. 2 (February 2000): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.202b.

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Plum pox (Sharka) is the most important virus disease of Prunus in Europe and the Mediterranean region and is caused by Plum pox potyvirus (PPV). In September 1999, PPV-like symptoms were observed in peach fruit culls in a packinghouse in Pennsylvania. All symptomatic fruit originated from a single block of peach (P. persica cv. Encore) in Adams County. Trees in the block exhibited ring pattern symptoms on their leaves. A potyvirus was detected in symptomatic fruit using the Poty-Group enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test from Agdia (Elkhart, IN). Reactions for symptomatic peach fruit and leaves also were positive using triple-antibody sandwich ELISA with the PPV polyclonal antibody from Bioreba (Carrboro, NC) for coating, the Poty-Group monoclonal antibody (MAb; Agdia) as the intermediate antibody, and double-antibody sandwich ELISA with PPV detection kits from Sanofi (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur, Marnes-La-Coquette, France) and Agdia and the REAL PPV kit (Durviz, Valencia, Spain) containing universal (5B) and strain typing (4DG5 and AL) PPV MAbs (1). PPV also was identified by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) amplification and subsequent sequencing of the 220-bp 3′ noncoding region (2) (>99% sequence homology to PPV) and by IC-RT-PCR amplification of a 243-bp product in the coat protein (CP) gene (1). The virus was identified as PPV strain D based on serological typing with strainspecific MAbs and on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the CP IC-RT-PCR product with Rsa1 and Alu1 (1). This is the first report of PPV in North America. References: (1) T. Candresse et al. Phytopathology 88:198, 1998. (2) L. Levy and A. Hadidi. EPPO Bull. 24:595, 1994.

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44

Sidorova, T. N., A. S. Pushin, D. N. Miroshnichenko, and S. V. Dolgov. "Generation of transgenic rootstock plum ((<i>Prunus pumila</i> L.×<i>P. salicina</i> Lindl.)×(<i>P. cerasifera</i> Ehrh.)) using hairpin-RNA construct for resistance to the Plum pox virus." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 3 (June 14, 2022): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2022-3-5-14.

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The use of Prunus rootstocks that are resistant to plum pox virus (PPV) is an important agronomic strategy to combat the spread of the Sharka disease in nurseries and orchards. Despite remarkable progress in developing stone fruit rootstocks to adapt to various stresses, breeding that ensures durable virus resistance has not yet been achieved. For this reason, the engineering of PPV resistant plants through genetic transformation is a very promising approach to control sharka disease. The aim of the present study is to produce transgenic plants of the clonal rootstock `Elita`, which is resistant to PPV using ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) technology. The genetic construct containing the self-complementary fragments of the Plum pox virus coat protein (PPV-CP) gene sequence were used to induce the mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing to ensure virus resistance. Transgenic plants have been produced after agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro explanted leaves. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting analyses confirmed the stable genomic integration of the PPV-CP sense and antisense intronhairpin-RNA sequence. Th e functionality of the introduced expression cassette was confirmed by the activity of including the uidA gene into the transferring T-DNA. To our knowledge, this is the first interspecific plum rootstock produced by genetic engineering to achieve PPV resistance.

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Milošević, Tomo, Nebojša Milošević, Jelena Mladenović, and Darko Jevremović. "Impact of Sharka disease on tree growth, productivity and fruit quality of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)." Scientia Horticulturae 244 (January 2019): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.09.055.

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46

Ravelonandro, M., P. Briard, R. Renaud, and R. Scorza. "TRANSGENE-BASED RESISTANCE TO PLUM POX VIRUS (SHARKA DISEASE) IS TRANSFERRED THROUGH INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION IN PRUNUS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 546 (February 2001): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2001.546.79.

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47

Hosseinzadeh, Hasan, Saeid Nasrollanejad, Zahra Dordiani, and Vahid Jamshidnezhad. "Serological detection of Sharka quarantine disease (Plum pox virus) on stone fruit trees in Golestan province." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 45, no. 16 (October 2012): 1879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.718178.

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Decroocq, V., M. Foulongne, P. Lambert, O. Le Gall, C. Mantin, T. Pascal, V. Schurdi-Levraud, and J. Kervella. "Analogues of virus resistance genes map to QTLs for resistance to sharka disease in Prunus davidiana." Molecular Genetics and Genomics 272, no. 6 (January 22, 2005): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-004-1099-0.

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Dallot, Sylvie, Tim Gottwald, Gérard Labonne, and Jean-Bernard Quiot. "Spatial Pattern Analysis of Sharka Disease (Plum pox virus Strain M) in Peach Orchards of Southern France." Phytopathology® 93, no. 12 (December 2003): 1543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.12.1543.

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The spatial pattern of Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV) strain M, was investigated in 18 peach plots located in two areas of southern France. PPV infections were monitored visually for each individual tree during one to three consecutive years. Point pattern and correlation-type approaches were undertaken using the binary data directly or after parsing them in contiguous quadrats of 4, 9, and 16 trees. Ordinary runs generally revealed a low but variable proportion of rows with adjacent symptomatic trees. Aggregation of disease incidence was indicated by the θ parameter of the beta-binomial distribution and related indices in 15 of the 18 plots tested for at least one assessment date of each. When aggregation was detected, it was indicated at all quadrat sizes and tended to be a function of disease incidence, as shown by the binary form of Taylor's power law. Spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) showed a nonrandom arrangement of quadrats with infected trees in 14 plots. The detection of patch clusters enclosing quadrats with above-average density of symptomatic trees, ellipsoidal in shape and generally extending from 4 to 14 trees within rows and from 4 to 10 trees perpendicular to the rows, could be interpreted as local areas of influence of PPV spread. Spatial patterns at the plot scale were often characterized by the occurrence of several clusters of infected trees located up to 90 m apart in the direction of the rows. When several time assessments were available, increasing clustering over time was generally evidenced by stronger values of the clustering index and by increasing patch cluster size. The combination of the different approaches revealed a wide range of spatial patterns of PPV-M, from no aggregation to high aggregation of symptomatic trees at all spatial scales investigated. Such patterns suggested that aphid transmission to neighboring trees occurred frequently but was not systematic. The mechanism of primary virus introduction, the age and structure of the orchards when infected, and the diversity of vector species probably had a strong influence on the secondary spread of the disease. This study provides a more complete understanding of PPV-M patterns which could help to improve targeting of removal of PPV-infected trees for more effective disease control.

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50

Sidorova, T. N., R. V. Mikhailov, A. S. Pushin, D. N. Miroshnichenko, and S. V. Dolgov. "Interference inhibition of Plum pox virus, induced by a hairpin-RNA of viral origin, provides long-term resistance to PPV infection in adult plants of the Startovaya (Prunus domestica L.) variety." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2022-2-42-55.

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In modern horticulture Plum pox virus (PPV) imposes serious threats to commercial plantations of a wide range of fruit species belonging to genera Prunus. Given the lack of natural genetic resources, which display reliable resistance to PPV infection, there has been considerable interest in using genetic engineering methods for targeted genome modification of stone fruit trees to control Sharka disease caused by PPV. Among the many virus defense mechanisms, RNA interference is shown to be the most promising transgenic disease-control strategy in plant biotechnology. The present study describes the production of transgenic PPV resistant European plum `Startovaya` (P. domestica L.) through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro leaf explants. Due to organogenesis from leaves, the established protocol allows the genetic engineering of the plum genome without losing clonal fidelity of original cultivar. Seven independent transgenic plum lines containing the self-complementary fragments of PPV-CP gene sequence separated by a PDK intron were generated using hpt as a selective gene and uidA as a reporter gene. The transformation was verified through the histochemical staining for β-glucuronidase activity, PCR amplification of appropriate vector products from isolated genomic DNA and Southern blot analysis of hairpin PPV-CP gene fragments. To clarify the virus resistance, plum buds infected by PPV-M strain were grafted onto 1-year-old transgenic plants, which further were grown into mature trees in the greenhouse. As evaluated by RT-PCR, DAS-ELISA, Western blot, Immuno Strip test, and visual observations, GM plum trees remained uninfected over 9 years. Infected branches that developed from grafted buds displayed obvious symptoms of Sharka disease over the years and maintained the high level of virus accumulation, whereby host transgenic trees had been constantly challenged with the pathogen. Since the virus was unable to spread to transgenic tissues, the stable expression of PPV-derived gene

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