Готові списки джерел за темами / Shaft-hole axes

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Shaft-hole axes"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Shaft-hole axes"

Borodovsky, A. P. "A Bronze Age Shaft-Hole Axe from the Northwestern Baraba Forest-Steppe." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 50, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2022.50.2.041-048.

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This study introduces a crested shaft-hole axe found on the southern shore of Lake Maidan, Vengerovsky District, Novosibirsk Region. Such random finds are regarded as markers of Bronze Age landscape zones and transportation routes in southwestern Siberia. Shaft-hole axes with slight crests occurred on this territory from the mid to late 2nd millennium BC. In addition to such axes, several casting molds made of clay, stone or metal have been found, possibly suggesting that axes were not only imported but also manufactured locally. These random finds of shaft hole axes can be considered markers of the complex, mirroring not only Middle and Late Bronze Age distribution areas, but also a considerable northward shift of landscape borders during an episode of climatic change, as well as indicating key routes for the migration of people associated with various traditions and objects. The mapping of various subtypes of shaft-hole axes from the Baraba forest-steppe revealed one such route, leading northward from southwestern Siberia to the Vasyugan Swamp. Apart from the series of axes from Baraba, certain cemeteries, such as Stary Tartas-4, yielded miniature replicas used as personal adornments. This feature links the north of the western part of the axes’ distribution area (the forest-steppe zone of the Ob-Irtysh watershed) with its eastern part – the Minusinsk Basin.

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Apakidze, Joni, and Svend Hansen. "Two Bronze Age Hoards with Shaft-Hole Axes from West Georgia." Slovenská archeológia LXVIII, Suppl. 1 (December 31, 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/slovarch.2020.suppl.1.1.

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BERNARDINI, F., A. DE MIN, D. EICHERT, A. ALBERTI, G. DEMARCHI, A. VELUŠČEK, C. TUNIZ, and E. MONTAGNARI KOKELJ. "SHAFT-HOLE AXES FROM CAPUT ADRIAE: MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ABOUT THE PROVENANCE OF SERPENTINITIC ARTEFACTS*." Archaeometry 53, no. 2 (March 16, 2011): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00547.x.

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Williams-Thorpe, O., P. C. Webb, and M. C. Jones. "Non-destructive geochemical and magnetic characterisation of Group XVIII dolerite stone axes and shaft-hole implements from England." Journal of Archaeological Science 30, no. 10 (October 2003): 1237–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4403(02)00274-1.

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BERNARDINI, F., A. DE MIN, G. DEMARCHI, E. MONTAGNARI KOKELJ, A. VELUŠČEK, and D. KOMŠO. "SHAFT-HOLE AXES FROM SLOVENIA AND NORTH-WESTERN CROATIA: A FIRST ARCHAEOMETRIC STUDY ON ARTEFACTS MANUFACTURED FROM META-DOLERITES*." Archaeometry 51, no. 6 (June 16, 2009): 894–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2009.00472.x.

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Chindina, L. A., and N. M. Zinyakov. "Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 48, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098.

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Анотація:

This study addresses Russian iron artifacts from the Narym Selkup cemetery Migalka, dating to the late 1600s to early 1700s. Two most important categories of tools are described—knives and axes. In terms of morphology, knives fall into two groups: straight-backed and those with convex (“humped”) backs. The combination of a “humpbacked” blade, typical of native manufacture, and Russian hilt plates precludes an unambiguous ethnic attribution. Special attention is paid to knives with fi ligree-enamel hilt plates as markers of high socio-economic status. The garniture evidences northern Russian origin. The metallographic analysis of knives (22% of the sample) revealed two technological groups: made of solid steel and welded. Axes, made by Russian artisans, are of the shaft-hole type and fall into four types. The analysis, relating to 42% of the sample, indicates two techniques: welding of a steel blade onto an iron base or a piece of raw steel, and using irregularly carbonized metal for forging the entire axe. Ferrous metal items follow the Russian technological traditions. Three key factors accounted for the spread of Russian artifacts among the natives: “Tsar’s gift” for paying the yasak (tribute); colonization of Siberia followed by the emergence of trade manufacture; and the involvement of natives, specifi cally the Narym Selkups, in the all-Russian market. Our fi ndings attest to the relevance of iron artifacts from archaeological sites to the historical and cultural studies of the colonization period in western Siberia.

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Il’inykh, Viktor. "Evaluation of quality parameters of conical profile compounds in nodes of multi-purpose machines." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914002003.

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The article presents a study of the mandrel spindle assembly for accuracy, contact stiffness and strength. The study was made on the basis of conical profile connections with an equiaxed contour. Experiments were carried out for multi-purpose machines of various layouts on the basis of the previously developed program-mathematical complex of evaluating the parameters of the shaft-sleeve coupling. The analysis of the simulation modeling results of the accuracy of the shaft (mandrel) installation in the hole of the sleeve (spindle) is carried out taking into account the error in shape, taper, the magnitude of the assembly force and the external conditional load in the spatial setting. With respect to the three coordinate axes, the possible displacements and rotations of the tool mandrels with a modified shank design are determined when they are based and secured in the spindle. In each design case, the accuracy of the relative position of the parts of the conical profile connections was compared during reusable assembly for the horizontal and vertical machine, respectively, and during the operation of the spindle-mandrel assembly under the condition of an external load. As a result of research, it was found that the layout of the machine does not significantly affect the quality parameters of the profile connection in conditions of reusable assembly. A significant effect of the error in the shape of the mating parts of the connection has been determined, which leads to an increase in maximum contact pressures till 22MPa, a displacement of the mandrel along the Z axis up to 25 µm, and a significant influence on the ultimate external load, which leads to elastic displacements of the mandrel along the Y axis to 2 µm for tapering 1:10.

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Preda, Bianca. "Considerations regarding Barrow Burials and Metal Depositions during the Early Bronze Age in the Carpathian-Danube Area." Hiperboreea 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 5–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.2.2.0005.

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Abstract The beginning of the Early Bronze Age brought significant changes in the Carpathian-Danube Area, including new burial customs, a different economy and innovative technologies, most of them with eastern steppe origins. Thus, burial barrows appeared in the landscape raised over rectangular grave-pits, sometimes with wood or stone structures containing individuals lying in contracted or supine position with flexed legs, stained with ochre, rarely accompanied by grave-goods like wares, ornaments or weapons made of stone, bone and precious metals. Among the metallurgical innovations, items such as silver hair rings, copper shaft-hole axes and tanged daggers are considered specific to the new era. However, a careful approach of the deposition contexts of these artifacts, as compared with the eastern space, indicates that in some cases the objects were not just adopted, but reinterpreted and involved in different social practices. This paper aims to analyze the manner in which metal pieces were disposed of and to identify the rules governing this behavior.

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Brown, A., N. M. Soonawala, R. A. Everitt, and D. C. Kamineni. "Geology and geophysics of the Underground Research Laboratory site, Lac du Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-037.

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The lease area of the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Underground Research Laboratory covers 3.8 km2 and is located 2.5 km north of the south contact of the Lac du Bonnet Batholith. A shaft to 255 m and 130 boreholes up to 1100 m deep expose the third dimension.The underlying granite is largely of two types: (i) pink porphyritic, which may be biotite rich, gneissic, and (or) xenolithic; and (ii) grey homogeneous and equigranular. Composition layering, including xenolith-rich zones, outlines domes along an antiform trending north-northeast through the western part of the lease area. The southeast-dipping flank underlies the eastern half of the site, including the shaft. Axes of folding trend 065 °and 140°. Homogeneous grey granite, being relatively fresh and unfractured, is associated with a magnetic field that is about 100 nT higher and with a resistivity that is up to 5000 Ω∙m higher than those of other units. A pattern of highs in the magnetic field, caused by the high magnetite content of some xenoliths, can be used to map the antiform.Three thrust faults that dip 10–30° east-southeast are partly controlled by the compositional layering. Anomalies in the very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) field occur at the surface projections of faults. One fault has been mapped at depth by a high-resolution seismic reflection survey. A suite of downhole geophysical methods, including cross-hole seismic, has been used to map discontinuities in boreholes.Subvertical penetrative foliations and pegmatitic dykes are part of the late crystallization fabric, providing (with filled fractures) a continuous deformation history in response to north- to northeast-trending compressive stress.

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BERNARDINI, F., A. DE MIN, D. LENAZ, P. ŠÍDA, C. TUNIZ, and E. MONTAGNARI KOKELJ. "SHAFT-HOLE AXES FROM CAPUT ADRIAE MADE FROM AMPHIBOLE-RICH METABASITES: EVIDENCE OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN NORTHEASTERN ITALY AND CENTRAL EUROPE DURING THE FIFTH MILLENNIUM BC." Archaeometry 54, no. 3 (November 18, 2011): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00637.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Shaft-hole axes"

Heeb, Julia Maria. "Copper shaft-hole axes and early metallurgy in south-eastern Europe : an integrated approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3636.

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Although the copper axes with central shaft-hole from south-eastern Europe have a long history of research, they have not been studied on a transnational basis since the 1960s. What has also been missing is an integrated or holistic approach, trying to use as many methods as possible and better understand the production, use and context of these enigmatic objects. This present research therefore approaches the axes from different angles. A database was compiled in order to find answers on questions such as the patterns of distribution, context, fragmentation and deformation of axes. For the distribution of axes in general as well as different attributes like fragmentation and typology, the content of the database was imported into GIS software and analysed. Aspects of production were considered through experimental archaeology, metallographic analysis and a re-discovered axe blank with missing shafthole. Especially the missing moulds make it difficult to fully understand the production sequence. The typology was re-evaluated and modified to ensure comparability across modern national boundaries. The context and background was developed through a thorough review of the literature and combined with theoretical considerations. The integration of all these approaches yielded some interesting results. The great variability in shape combined with the results of metallographic analyses clearly shows that a variety of production techniques were used, but it is as yet difficult to relate these to specific geographic areas or even cultural groups. In fact the typology as well as the practice of marking the axes indicate that traditional archaeological ‘cultures’ rarely correspond to the distribution of a type or to the practice of marking the axes. They show instead that there were different spheres of influence, some even more localised and others much larger (like the Carpathian Basin) than specific ceramic traditions. These different levels of belonging, as well as the increasing visibility of the individual in the archaeological record, show that it was a period of complex cultural patterns and interactions. The axes were a part of these networks of the daily life on many different levels from the strict utilitarian to the ritualised placement in burial contexts.

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Oberrauch, Hanns. "Alle origini del rogo votivo e della metallurgia alpina Il culto del fuoco nell’Età del Rame nel caso del Pigloner Kopf." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/322594.

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The archaeological site Pigloner Kopf (Vadena/Pfatten, South Tyrol, Italy) has revealed unexpected elements related to the local Bell Beaker culture, like the local production of shaft-hole axes, typologically linked to the Balkans and the Danube region. The site also shows the oldest evidence of ritual burnt offerings in the Eastern Alps. The mostly burnt animal bones, cereals, flint tools and fragments of pottery could be interpreted as the remains of a rock sanctuary with burnt offerings. The site can be considered as a prototype of the alpine places of worship and mountain sanctuaries. These burning rituals were practised from the beginning of the Bronze Age until the late Roman Empire. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the study of materials and their analyses, focussing on the metallurgical industry, composed mostly by objects produced with local copper, like 10 miniaturised shaft-hole axes, 7 awls and a pin and also by imported objects like a dagger blade and spiral ornaments. The deposition of copper tools in hoards in association with burnt offerings suggest a ritual interpretation of the site, dated to the late Copper Age with Bell Beaker elements in lithics and pottery.

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Книги з теми "Shaft-hole axes"

Heeb, Julia. Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach. Archaeopress, 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "Shaft-hole axes"

"A New Typology for the Copper Hammer-Axes and Axe-Adzes." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 67–75. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.12.

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"Context and Background of the Copper Hammer-Axes and Axe-Adzes from South-Eastern Europe." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 16–25. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.7.

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"Copper Age Metallurgy and Shaft-Hole Axes from South-Eastern Europe – Evidence, Problems and Potential." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 31–41. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.9.

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"Front Matter." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.1.

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"The Experiments." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 42–49. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.10.

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"Metallography." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 50–66. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.11.

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"Patterns and Trends in the Copper Axe Assemblage." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 76–101. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.13.

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"The Copper Axes and Living Practices during the Copper Age in South-Eastern Europe – Considerations and Conclusions." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 102–17. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.14.

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"Appendix I." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 118–20. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.15.

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"Appendix II." In Copper Shaft-Hole Axes and Early Metallurgy in South-Eastern Europe: An Integrated Approach, 121–27. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jzt.16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Shaft-hole axes"

Pfau, A., J. Schlienger, A. I. Kalfas, and R. S. Abhari. "Unsteady, 3-Dimensional Flow Measurement Using a Miniature Virtual 4 Sensor Fast Response Aerodynamic Probe (FRAP)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38128.

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This paper introduces the new fast response aerodynamic probe, which was recently developed at the ETH Zurich. The technique provides time-resolved, three-dimensional flow measurements using the virtual four sensor technique. The concept and the evaluation of the virtual four sensor probe is discussed in detail. The basic results consist of yaw and pitch flow angles as well as the total and static pressure. They combine to form the unsteady, three dimensional flow vector. The outer diameter of the cylindrical probe head was miniaturized to 0.84mm, hence probe blockage effects as well as dynamic lift effects are reduced. The shape of the probe head was optimized in view of the manufacturing process as well as aerodynamic considerations. The optimum geometry for pitch sensitivity was found to be a cylindrical surface with the axis perpendicular to the probe shaft. The internal design of the probes led to a sensor cavity eigenfrequency of 44kHz for the yaw sensitive and 34kHz for the pitch sensitive probe. Data acquisition is done with a fully automated traversing system, which moves the probe within the test rig and samples the signal with a PC-based A/D-board. An error analysis implemented into the data reduction routines revealed acceptable accuracy for flow angles as well as pressures for many turbomachinery flows. Depending on the dynamic head of the application the yaw angle is accurate within ±0.35° and pitch angle within ±0.7°. In the final section, a comparison of time averaged results to five hole probe measurements is discussed. The advantages of the new probe, beside its unique smallness, are the complete unsteady kinematic information and the improved recording of unsteady total pressure measurement as it is pointed out in a comparison against a 2D virtual three sensor probe.

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