Статті в журналах з теми "Shade treatment"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Shade treatment.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Shade treatment".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Hakim, M. Arif Rohman, Sumarsono Sumarsono, and Sutarno Sutarno. "Pertumbuhan dan produksi dua varietas selada (Lactuca sativa l.) pada berbagai tingkat naungan dengan metode hidroponik." Journal of Agro Complex 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/joac.3.1.15-23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The study aims to determine the growth and production of two varieties of lettuce at various levels of shade by hydroponic methods. This research was done by using serie experiment by Randomized Block Design with 3 bloks. Treatment of varieties with 3 series groups on each shade treatment. The shade treatment consisted of four shaded treatment levels (N0), 50% Shade (N1), 60% Shade (N2), and 70% Shade (N3). every shade was tested 2 varieties of lettuce Romain Romain green varieties (V1) and Romain lettuce varieties Tiberius (V2). Parameters observed for plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of plant, and dry weight of plant. The results showed that shade levels increased plant height in 50% and 60% shade, but decreased leaf number, leaf area, wet weight, and dry weight as shade level increased. Tiberius varieties produce higher plant height, leaf number, and wet weight significantly higher than Green Romain varieties. Keywords :Lettuce, shades, varieties, hydroponic ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan dan produksi dua varietas selada pada berbagai tingkat naungan dengan metode hidroponik. Penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan seri dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 kelompok. Perlakuan varietas dengan 3 kelompok seri pada setiap perlakuan naungan. Perlakuan naungan terdiri dari empat taraf perlakuan yaitu tanpa naungan (N0), Naungan 50% (N1), Naungan 60% (N2), dan Naungan 70% (N3). Pada setiap naungan dicobakan 2 varietas selada yaitu selada Romain varietas Green Romain (V1) dan selada Romain varietas Tiberius (V2). Parameter yang diamati tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, berat segar tanaman, dan berat kering tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat naungan menaikkan tinggi tanaman pada naungan 50% dan 60%, tetapi menurunkan jumlah daun, luas daun, berat basah, dan berat kering seiring dengan meningkatnya tingkat naungan. Varietas Tiberius menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan berat basah lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan varietas Green Romain. Kata kunci : Selada, naungan, varietas, hidroponik
2
Wildridge, Ashleigh M., Sergio C. Garcia, Peter C. Thomson, Ellen C. Jongman, Cameron E. F. Clark, and Kendra L. Kerrisk. "The impact of a shaded pre-milking yard on a pasture-based automatic milking system." Animal Production Science 57, no. 7 (2017): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16491.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During hot weather cows typically reduce feed intake and actively seek shade and water to reduce the metabolic stress on their bodies. This can have a negative impact on the occurrence of voluntary milking visits to an automatic milking system (AMS) operating with voluntary traffic, thus reducing milking frequency. Shade is known to be effective in alleviating heat stress in dairy cattle; however, the impact of providing shade at the milking facility of a pasture-based AMS on time taken to voluntarily enter a milking unit is unknown. A herd of ~300 lactating cows milked in a pasture-based AMS were divided into two groups during the summer of 2016. Each group spent 4 weeks in a SHADE (predominately shaded pre-milking yard) and a NO-SHADE (predominantly non-shaded pre-milking yard) treatment, with two periods in a crossover design. Cow respiration rates, time spent in pre- and post-milking areas, concentrate consumption and milk yield were recorded. On average, cows in the SHADE treatment were found to take longer to enter the milking unit than did cows in the NO-SHADE treatment (SHADE = 11.40 min, NO-SHADE = 8.70 min, P < 0.001). SHADE was also associated with lower average respiration rates (SHADE = 68 breaths per minute (bpm), NO-SHADE = 73 bpm, P < 0.001), increased concentrate consumption (SHADE = 6.50 kg/cow.day, NO-SHADE = 6.39 kg/cow.day, P = 0.03) and increased milk yield (SHADE = 11.44 kg/cow.milking, NO-SHADE = 10.95 kg/cow.milking, P < 0.001). Overall, SHADE made available to the cows pre-milking appeared to improve cow performance and comfort (as indicated by reduced respiration rates).
3
Asharp, G., and S. Sivachandiran. "Effect of Partial Shade and Weeding Intervals on Growth and Yield Performance of Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka." Journal of Agricultural Studies 6, no. 4 (November 25, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i4.13880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the most important cash crop cultivated in the Sri Lanka. Though, chilli cultivation has been tremendously influenced by the adverse climatic conditions and weed infestations. To solve these issues, a field experiment was conducted at Integrated Farm and Training Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jaffna, Kanagarayankulam, during February 2017 to July 2017, to evaluate the impact of partial shade and effect of different weeding intervals on growth and yield performance of chilli. The treatments consisted of two shade levels (partial shade and full sun) and four weeding intervals (weeding at one week, two week, three week intervals and no weeding) in split plot arrangement with three replicates. Light intensity was statistically significant (p < 0.05) between shade levels. The lowest light intensity and the highest relative humidity were recorded in partially shaded treatment as 22.50 klux and 85.42 %, respectively at 8.00 a.m. Weed density was significantly (p < 0.05) differed by shade and weeding interval treatments. The lowest weed density was recorded in full sun (control) and weeding at one week interval treatment. Shade treatments and weeding interval treatments have shown a significant (p < 0.05) effect on plant height, leaf numbers, leaf length, fruit length, fruit fresh weight and total yields. Partial shade and weeding at one week interval have shown significantly higher growth and yield performance compared to the other levels of treatment. Therefore, these results can be recommended for adoption by the farmers to improve the performance of chilli.
4
Sundari, Titik, and Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto. "Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Biji Genotipe Kedelai di Berbagai Intensitas Naungan." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 34, no. 3 (February 10, 2016): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v34n3.2015.p203-217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Intensity and quality of sunlight received by plants during the reproductive period greatly influence the soybean yield and yield components. Growth and seed yield of soybean genotypes at different shade intensities were assessed through research conducted at the Research Station of Kendalpayak, Malang, in the year 2011. Three soybean varieties, namely: Pangrango, Argomulyo, and Grobogan, and twelve soybean promising lines tolerant to shade were tested on four artificial shade intensities, ie without shade (N0), shade of 25% (N1), 50% (N2), and 75% (N3). Placement of treatments in each level of shade was arranged in a randomized block design, replicated three times. Results showed that: shade treatment changed the microclimate under the shading. Shade treatment of 25%, 50%, and 75% caused different stress intensities. Shade intensity of 75% caused an increase in plant height and specific leaf area, a reduction in the number of leaves and leaf area, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorption rate, photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll index, number of filled pods, and seed weight per plant. Number of filled pods was considered effective to be used as a basis for selecting soybean genotypes having high yield in shaded conditions. Plant height and seed weight could be used as an indicator for soybean shade tolerance. Genotype AI26-1114-8-28 and IIj9-299-1-4 were considered as shade-tolerant up to 75% shade based on the stress index tolerance value (ITC).</p>
5
Díaz-Pérez, Juan Carlos, and Kelly St. John. "Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under Colored Shade Nets: Plant Growth and Physiological Responses." HortScience 54, no. 10 (October 2019): 1795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14233-19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Use of colored shade nets has shown benefits in bell pepper and other horticultural crops. There is still, however, limited information on plant growth and physiology of bell pepper crop grown under colored shade nets. The objective was to determine the effects of colored shade nets on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and leaf pigments of field-grown bell pepper. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and five shade treatments (black, red, silver, and white nets, and an uncovered control). Mean and maximal air temperature and midday root zone temperature (RZT) were highest in the unshaded treatment. Differences in air temperatures between shade net treatments were smaller compared with the differences in RZT between treatments. Plant fresh weight and stem diameter were reduced in the unshaded treatment, and there were no plant fresh weight and stem diameter differences among shade nets. The incidence of Phytophthora blight (caused by Phytophthora capsici) was greatest in the unshaded treatment. Leaf stomatal conductance (gS) and photosystem II efficiency were reduced and leaf temperature increased in unshaded conditions. Leaf net photosynthesis, gS, internal CO2, and PSII efficiency decreased with increasing leaf temperature. Differences in leaf temperature among shade net treatments were because of differences in solar radiation captured by leaves. Leaf total carotenoids were lowest in unshaded conditions and there were no differences in total carotenoids among the shade nets. Chlorophyll a concentration and chlorophyll a/b ratio was lowest in unshaded conditions. Leaf total phenols, flavonoids, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) values were highest in red net and in unshaded conditions. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values were highest in red net and lowest in silver net. In conclusion, compared with unshaded conditions, shade nets resulted in improved bell pepper plant growth and leaf gas exchange. These responses were due primarily to the reduced leaf and root zone temperatures under shaded conditions, regardless of the color of shade net. The differences in plant growth and function due to color of shade net were inconsistent or minor for most of the plant variables measured.
6
Jones, Lakesha, Desmond R. Layne, and Michael G. Kwantes. "PAWPAW (ASIMINA TRILOBA) SEEDLING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: INFLUENCE OF INCIDENT LIGHT INTENSITY AND FERTILIZATION REGIME." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 437b—437. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.437b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The role of incident light intensity (light) and fertilization regime (Fert) on early growth and development of pawpaw seedlings in the greenhouse was investigated. Three-hundred and fifty stratified seeds were sown in 45 cubic inches. Rootrainer cells in Promix BX potting medium. A two-factor factorial design was used. Light was either ambient (Amb) or 80% shaded (Shade) Fert was 500 ppm of Peter's 20N–20P–20K plus soluble trace elements (+ Fert) or water (–Fert) applied twice weekly to runoff. Thirty uniform seedlings were selected at the two- to three-leaf stage for each of the four treatments. Treatment imposition was for 5 weeks until the 10- to 11-leaf stage (when seedlings would be transplanted). Plant height and leaf number was recorded three times weekly. After 5 weeks, 15 uniform plants per treatment were destructively harvested and leaf chlorophyll (chl) analysis was performed. Amb/+ Fert plants were 25% taller and had two more unfolded leaves, on average, than the other treatments.–Fert plants (Amb or Shade) had set terminal buds. The effect of Fert on chl was much greater under Amb than Shade conditions. For–Fert plants, total chl was reduced by 52% under Amb but only 30% under Shade compared to +Fert plants. Total biomass for Amb/–Fert seedling was double that in either Shade treatment and 40% greater than for Amb/–Fert seedlings.
7
Hikmawati, Rensy Faradina, and Sugeng Prijono. "ANALISIS STABILITAS AGREGAT DAN SIFAT FISIK TANAH DENGAN PENAUNG BERBEDA PADA SISTEM AGROFORESTRI DI LAHAN KOPI SUMBERMANJING WETAN, KABUPATEN MALANG." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2022.009.2.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the damages that can occur in the soil structure is a decrease in aggregate stability. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the stability of soil aggregates on a land by considering the level or type of land cover and the influence of several physical properties of the soil on coffee grounds. In this study there were four treatments with five replicates using a randomized block design at 2 depths, namely 0-20 cm deep and 20-40 cm deep. The treatments were based on different types of shade plants, namely P1 (cocoa shade), P2 (sengon shade), P3 (lantoro shade), and P4 (gamal shade). The results showed that lowest and highest soil aggregate stability values at the top depth (0-20 cm) were found in treatment P1 (cocoa shade) of 1.76 mm and P4 (gamal shade) of 3.33 mm. While at the depth of 20-40 cm, the highest and lowest values were found in the treatment P3 (lamtoro shade) of 1.92 mm and P1 (cocoa shade) of 2.37 mm. The stability of soil aggregates significantly affected soil bulk density, specific gravity, porosity, and organic matter. All treatments gave a significant effect on the thickness of the litter. The highest and lowest values were found in the treatment P4 (shade gamal) and P2 (shade sengon) of 3.4 cm and 1.7 cm, respectively.
8
Akintan, C. I., A. O. Akintan, O. O. Sobola, and L. A. Akomolede. "Growth response of Garcinia kola (Heckel) plant to natural shade in a rainforest environment of Nigeria." Agro-Science 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable production of Garcinia kola can be achieved through the establishment of its plantation with the right silvicultural requirements. The growth response of Garcinia kola (Heckel) plant under a Tectona grandis L. plantation and open field was studied for three years. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving three replicates per treatment. The treatments were shade from Tectona grandis (Teak) and control (open field without shade where fresh clear-felling/harvesting of Tectona grandis (Teak) has just been carried out). Measurement of treatment effects on growth of Garcinia kola commenced six months after planting and was repeated at six-month intervals, while soil temperature was measured at two week intervals. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher differences were observed after the first year in height, collar diameter, and crown width on the shaded plant. The soil temperature for the shaded field was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than the control field. Hence it is recommended that sustainable production of Garcinia kola through plantation establishment should be done under the shade of older trees.
9
Liu, Guofan, and Kent D. Kobayashi. "249 Shading Effects on Vegetative Growth and Fruiting of Coffee." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 485B—485. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.485b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A shade experiment for pruned coffee trees was conducted on Maui, Hawaii, in 1996. Nine-year-old `Guadalupe' trees were stumped at 70 cm above the ground, and three main verticals were allowed to remain on the main trunk. Each stumped tree was randomly selected and covered with shade cloth. The shade cloths were 30%, 50%, and 70% shade, and each shade structure had a length × width × height of 1.5 × 1.5 × 2.5 m. Data were collected in 1997. In general, the basal diameters of the verticals were similar in all treatments, as were the lengths of the verticals. The total number of laterals in the full-light treatment was slightly more than that of the other treatments. The numbers of flowering laterals were similar in all treatments. The numbers of fruit per tree in the full light, 30%, 50%, and 70% shade treatments were 1876, 3434, 2399, and 403, respectively. Fruit per flowering node was the best index relating to yield. Fruit per node was highest under 30% shade, followed by full light and 70% shade. At the beginning, fruit ripened faster in the full light treatment than in the other treatments, but at the end of September, fruit in 70% shade ripened slower than the other treatments. Therefore, after stumping, coffee trees grew best under 30% shade. For coffee, pruning under the field condition, stumping every other row of trees may be a satisfactory way to obtain the best yield in the future.
10
Gent*, Martin P. N. "Effect of Shade on Quality of Greenhouse Tomato." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 759A—759. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.759a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shading a greenhouse increased the fraction of tomatoes that were marketable, and the marketable yield, in a comparison of greenhouse tomato yields across years, in some of which the greenhouses were shaded. In 2003, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes were compared directly when grown in spring and summer in Connecticut in identical greenhouses that differed only in the degree of shade. Each half of four greenhouses was either unshaded or shaded using reflective aluminized shade cloth rated to reduced light transmission by 15%, 30%, or 50%. Each shade treatment was repeated in two houses. Tomatoes were germinated in February and transplanted in March The houses were shaded when fruit began to ripen in early June. Picking continued through August. The effect of shade on total yield developed gradually. Yields in June were unaffected by shade, but in August yield under no shade was about 30% higher than under 50% shade. In contrast, there was an immediate effect of shade on fruit size. Fruit picked in June from plants under 50% shade was 16% smaller than from plants grown under no shade. This difference declined later in the season, to 6 and 9%, in July and August respectively. The highest yield of marketable fruit in 2003 was picked from houses under no shade, but this was only 10% more than picked from the houses under 50% shade. Shade increased the fraction of marketable fruit, from 54% under no shade to 63% under 50% shade. Certain defects were decreased by shade. For instance the fraction of fruit with cracked skin was decreased from 33% to 25%. In general, effects on fruit quality varied linearly with the degree of applied shade.
11
Murphree, Brian H., Jeff L. Sibley, D. Joseph Eakes, and J. David Williams. "Shade Influences Propagation of Golden Barberry `Bailsel'." HortTechnology 10, no. 4 (January 2000): 752–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influence of three shade levels on propagation of golden barberry (Berberis koreana Palib. × B. thunbergii DC.) selection `Bailsel' was evaluated in studies initiated 29 Apr. and 18 Sept. 1998. After 57 days, root ratings were higher in plants under 70% and 80% shade treatments than 60% shade for both studies. In study one, viability was lower among plants under the 60% shade level than those under 70% or 80% shade levels. Viability among treatments was similar in study two. Based on visual observations, leaf retention appeared greater under the 70% and 80% shade treatments than the 60% shade treatment for both studies. Cuttings rooted under 70% and 80% shade levels generally had a uniform golden hue, whereas the foliage of those rooted under 60% shade often had a red hue and showed signs of desiccation for both studies. Root dry weights were greater for cuttings under the 60% shade levels than 70% or 80% shade.
12
Kusmana, Cecep, and Yolan Yussy Sukaesih. "Pengaruh Media dan Intensitas Naungan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tancang (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.)." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 12, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.12.3.123-128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is a mangrove species that can be used to rehabilitate mangrove forest. The information about the response of mangrove seedlings to the factors that affect its growth is needed to ensure its survival rate. This study aimed to examine the response of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings to the factors that affect its growth such as media and shade level. This research used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) with the treatments of growing media (A) and shade level (N) of 3 levels on each factors, that are mud (A0); mud and compost (A1); and mud, compost, sand (A2); also 0% shade (N0); 50% shade (N1); and 70% shade (N2) on the 3 months old seedlings. The results showed that the treatment of shade level significantly affected the growth response of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings, while the treatment of growing media and interaction of both treatments did not show a significant response. The 0% shade level gave the best growth response of B. gymnorrhiza seedlings.
Keywords: growth rate, light level, mangrove, rehabilitation, seedbed
13
Kusmana, Cecep, and Yolan Yussy Sukaesih. "Pengaruh Media Dan Intensitas Naungan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tancang (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.)." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 11, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.3.194-198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is a mangrove species that can be used to rehabilitate mangrove forest. The information about the response of mangrove seedlings to the factors that affect its growth is needed to ensure its survival rate. This study aimed to examine the response of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings to the factors that affect its growth such as media and shade level. This research used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) with the treatments of growing media (A) and shade level (N) of 3 levels on each factor, that are mud (A0); mud and compost (A1); and mud, compost, sand (A2); also 0% shade (N0); 50% shade (N1); and 70% shade (N2) on the 3 months old seedlings. The results showed that the treatment of shade level significantly affected the growth response of B. gymnorrhiza seedlings, while the treatment of growing media and interaction of both treatments did not show a significant response. The 0% shade level gave the best growth response of B. gymnorrhiza seedlings.
Keywords: Growth rate, light level, mangrove, rehabilitation, seedbed
14
Bello, Iliya A., Micheal D. K. Owen, and Harlene M. Hatterman-Valentp. "Effect of Shade on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Growth, Seed Production, and Dormancy." Weed Technology 9, no. 3 (September 1995): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00023678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growth, seed production, and dormancy of velvetleaf in response to shading were evaluated in the field. Velvetleaf plant height, leaf number, number of branches, and plant dry weight decreased linearly with increasing shade. No differences were observed for plant height, number of leaves, or branches/plant when plants were shaded 30% or not shaded throughout the growing season. However, the 76% shade treatment reduced velvetleaf height (1984 only), leaf number, stem branches, and plant dry weight. These reductions were greater in 1984 than 1985 except for plant dry weight that decreased by 88% each year. The number of capsules and the number of seeds/plant decreased linearly with increasing shade levels, while the seed weight increased with increasing shade level. Shading also decreased seed dormancy. These results demonstrate that shade suppresses velvetleaf growth and seed production, and shortens the dormancy of seeds that are produced by these plants.
15
Oliveira, PRPde, and LR Humphreys. "Influence of level and timing of shading on seed production in Panicum maximum cv. Gratton." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 4 (1986): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9860417.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Artificial swards of P. maximum cv. Gatton were shaded to 25% (L25) or 54% (L54) of the sunlight received in a glasshouse for various periods related to the floral initiation, exsertion, anthesis and ripening stages of the first-formed inflorescences. Shading did not significantly reduce shoot yield. Seed yield was 93 g m-2 in the control treatment, relative to 32-48 g m-2 in the L54 series; in the L25 series, yields varied from 4 g m-2 in the continuously shaded treatment to 29 g m-2 in a late-shaded treatment. Reduction in seed yield was caused by a substantial decrease in the ratio of spikelets setting seed, and to a lesser extent by a decreased number of spikelets differentiated per inflorescence primary branch. A brief period of shading or early shading reduced seed setting in inflorescences emerging subsequent to the removal of shades. Shade slightly reduced 100-seed weight, and slightly increased branch number per inflorescence, and early shade delayed the time at which inflorescences reached anthesis. These findings require field confirmation. It is postulated that districts with high radiation receipt may have higher potential seed production and that crop management should be directed to promoting developmental phases in non-cloudy periods.
16
Yulmetova, O. S. "Investigating oxidation of niobium by laser treatment." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 2(94) (January 10, 2019): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2018-94-2-61-69.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Composition, structure, and optical properties of films formed on the surface of niobium during laser processing are presented. Two modes of laser oxidation of niobium are empirically determined. The first mode, using single-pass laser processing, create the blue shade oxide film, the second mode, using multipass laser processing, forms the green shade oxide film. The optical contrast, determined as a difference of reflection coefficients, in the infrared spectrum of the blue oxide film is equal to 0.2 and the green oxide film forms the contrast equal to 0.5. It was found that the niobium blue shade oxide films, obtained after laser processing, has stoichiometry NbO and the green oxide film has stoichiometryNbO2.
17
Faust, James E., and Pamela Korczynski. "570 The Poinsettia Stock Plant Light Environment Impacts Poinsettia Stem Breakage." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 544E—545. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.544e.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1998, `Freedom Red' poinsettia stock plants were grown outdoors under 0%, 60%, and 80% shade cloth. The stock plants received a single pinch leaving 10 nodes below the pinch. Cuttings were harvested once per week for 3 weeks. The cuttings were propagated, transplanted, pinched, and grown to anthesis in the same greenhouses. After anthesis, the plants were dropped onto a concrete pad from increasing heights ranging from 10 to 70 cm. Stem breakage was recorded each time the plants were dropped. Stem breakage of the finished plants increased as the percentage of shade cloth over the stock plants increased and as cutting harvest week number increased. From the Week 1 cuttings, 0%, 8%, and 10% of the lateral stems broke off of plants from the 0%, 60%, and 80% shade cloth treatments when the plants were dropped 20 cm. From Week 2 cuttings, 6%, 30%, and 36% of the lateral stems broke off the 0%, 60%, and 80% shade treatments. From Week 3 cuttings, 0%, 29%, and 43% of the lateral stems broke off of the 0%, 60%, and 80% shade treatments that were dropped 20 cm. Thirty-six percent of the Week 3 cuttings broke off of the 80% shade treatment plants before anthesis, while none of the lateral shoots broke off of the 0% shade treatment until the plants were dropped from 40 cm.
18
Wilkinson, William H., Philip M. McDonald, and Penelope Morgan. "Tanoak Sprout Development After Cutting and Burning in a Shade Environment." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.1.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Mean height and number of sprouts from tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) stumps treated by repeated burning (propane weed burner) and by double decapitation (cutting twice within 24 hr) were compared to sprouts from untreated stumps in a shaded environment on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation in northern California. Much is known about tanoak sprout growth in full sunlight, but little is known about its development in shade. Four years after burning or cutting, sprouts from stumps treated by burning were significantly (P < 0.001) more numerous and shorter than sprouts in the double decapitation and control treatments. Double decapitation was ineffective as a sprout manipulation technique. Some natural events affected the treatments. Mold negatively affected vigor and growth of sprouts in the control and double-decapitation treatments; deer browsing shortened sprout length in the burning treatment; shade delayed sprouting for up to 1 yr after treatment. West. J. Appl. For. 12(1):21-26.
19
Barrett, DR, and JED Fox. "Early Growth of Santalum album in Relation to Shade." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 1 (1994): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Morphological features of the hemi-parasite Santalum album Linn. (Indian sandalwood) were examined on tree seedlings raised under different shade treatments. Treatment levels were full sun and 32, 50, 70 and 80% shade. The level of shade significantly affected many morphological characteristics. Leaf area was least in full sun and greater under all shade levels. Leaves were thicker, shorter and narrower in full sun than in 80% shade. Leaf length/width ratio was greater when shade exceeded 50%. Petioles were shorter in 50% and more shade. Leaves in 80% shade had more chlorophyll and were of greater weight. Stomatal numbers were higher and internodes longer in 80% shade than in full sun. None of the following showed significant differences: plant heights, leaf numbers, crown widths and stem diameters. Chlorophyll concentrations are within the range of those possessed by non-parasitic land plants. On balance 80% shade plants had adaptive attributes more favourable to growth than plants from less shade. Survival was least in full sun.
20
Zaczek, J. J., C. W. Heuser, and K. C. Steiner. "Effect of Shade Levels and IBA During the Rooting of Eight Tree Taxa." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 15, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-15.1.56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Softwood shoot cuttings of Acer griseum, A. rubrum ‘Bowhall’, A. rubrum ‘Franksred’ Red Sunset™, A. saccharum ‘Legacy’, Cornus kousa, Quercus alba, Q. ellipsoidalis, and Q. palustris were subjected to hormone treatments (IBA and control) and placed in a fog-humidified polyethylene tent rooting chamber under one of three levels of shade (83% or control, 91%, and 97% of ambient sun). Percentage rooting, the number of roots per cutting, and the number of days to root were significantly influenced by shade levels and hormone treatment, but responses were dependent on species or cultivar. For most taxa, percentage rooting was greatest at 91% or 97% shade. Only for A. griseum was the control shading treatment best for rooting. Generally, under the greater shade levels, the IBA treated cuttings rooted more often, had more roots, and rooted faster than cuttings without IBA. However, in some cases, the hormone treatment did not provide a clear advantage. Results of this study demonstrate that high shade levels in the rooting environment can increase the rooting performance of cuttings of a number of woody plant taxa.
21
Alshethri, SE. "Evaluation of Color Changes in the Vitapan Classical Shade Guide After Disinfection." Operative Dentistry 39, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/13-125-l.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate how one, two, and three years of simulated treatments affect the colors of Vitapan Classical Shade Guide tabs after being chemically disinfected. Ten shade tabs (one, control; nine, disinfection) were evaluated visually and by chromameter for color changes after disinfection. Results showed that 0.62 ΔE was found after three years of disinfection. The color changes in the shade guide tabs were perceptible or noticeable to the human eye in eight out of 45 shade tabs (17.8%) after two years and in 13 out of 45 shade tabs (28.9%) after three years of treatment. It was concluded that one shade guide should be retained as a control and periodically compared with the shade guide in use to determine when the shade tabs in use should be replaced or discarded.
22
Fukuoka, Nobuyuki, Takamoto Suzuki, Keisuke Minamide, and Tatsuro Hamada. "Effect of Shading on Anthocyanin and Non-flavonoid Polyphenol Biosynthesis of Gynura bicolor Leaves in Midsummer." HortScience 49, no. 9 (September 2014): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.9.1148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of shading in midsummer on anthocyanin and non-flavonoid polyphenol biosynthesis of Gynura bicolor DC leaves was examined using a control (full solar radiation) and a shade treatment (50% shading of full solar radiation). Leaf temperature in the shade plot remained ≈40 °C in the daytime, ≈6 °C lower than in the control. Plants in the shade plot grew better than the control. The content of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in leaves decreased with leaf maturation for both treatments, and a larger amount of CGA was detected in leaves from the control than the shade treatment. The profiles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity exhibited an identical pattern to the content of CGA. Although there was an abrupt increase in the content of anthocyanin in the early stage of leaf expansion, the content decreased rapidly as the leaves matured. The increase in anthocyanin early during leaf expansion was much more limited in control leaves than shaded leaves. There were no correlation between the profiles of anthocyanin and gene expression such as GbPAL, GbC4H, Gb4CL, GbCHS, GbCHI, GbF3H, and GbUFGT. However, the profiles of expression of genes such as GbMYB2, GbF3′H, GbDFR, and GbANS were similar to the anthocyanin profiles. These results suggest that artificial shading in midsummer is an effective method to promote anthocyanin accumulation but reduces ROS scavenging capacity as a result of lowered CGA production.
23
Pomper, Kirk W., Snake C. Jones, and Eddie B. Reed. "342 Shading Influences the Growth and Development of Pawpaw Seedlings Grown Outside." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 502B—502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.502b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In an effort to determine the optimal light level for growing pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] seedlings outside, seedlings were germinated in a greenhouse until the two- to three-leaf stage, at which time they were placed outside and shade treatments were imposed that reduced incident light intensity by 30%, 55%, 80%, and 95%. Control seedlings were left unshaded outside. A randomized block design was used, with 20 replicate seedlings in each experimental treatment per block. Plants were destructively harvested 11 weeks after the start of the experiment. After 11 weeks, the height and number of leaves per seedling were about 35% higher with light to moderate shading (30%, 55%, and 80%) than in control (unshaded) seedlings. Shoot and leaf dry weights of seedlings grown in 30%, 55%, and 80% shade were almost 2-fold greater than control plants. Root dry weight of seedlings in 30% and 55% shade was 2-fold higher than in control plants. Total plant biomass was greatest in the 30%, 55%, and 80% shade treatments, about 2-fold higher than control plants. Total leaf area per seedling increased significantly with up to 80% shading. Seedlings growing under 95% shading had fewer and smaller leaves and reduced biomass production compared to control plants. There was a trend for shaded plants to display a higher leaf chlorophyll content than control plants. Overall, the best seedling growth was achieved in the 30% and 55% shade treatments outdoors.
24
Hakobyan, G., L. Essayain, N. Vanyan, A. Hakobyan, A. Khachatryan, M. Кhudaverdyn, L. Gilamiryan, and I. Gazazyan. "Assessment efficiency aesthetic results of modern methods for determining the color of teeth in prosthodontics." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 103, no. 4 (2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2020-4-46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstracts. Shade matching is one of the most important factor in a successful and esthetically restoration. The number of mistakes made by dentists when choosing a color is 14 % (according to Barna), 9.9 % (according to Moser) and 8.2 % (according to Mc Maugh). The ability to consistently match shades accurately can help reduce the number of unsatisfactory esthetic results treatment. Matching the right color leads to a pleasing appearance and satisfaction for the patient and the clinician. Color determination in dentistry can be divided into two categories visual and instrumental. The most popular shade guides include visual classical shade the Vita Classical and are clustered into letter groups A (red-yellow), B (yellow), C (grey), D (red-yellow-gray), and chroma designated with the numerical values (e.g. A1). Used computerassisted shade analysis is more accurate and more consistent compared with human shade assessment. The objective of the study a comparative assess of the esthetic indicators of the prosthodontics treatment when determining color using visual and instrumental methods. For the period from 2015–2020 prosthodontic treatment of 158 patients with dental defects was performed. To assess the esthetic results of treatment, the patient was divided into 2 groups. In 1 group (n = 82) patients, the color determination of the prosthodontics design was carried out using standard colors according to the usual VITA scale. In 2 group (n = 76) patients, the color determination of the prosthodontics design was carried out using a color measuring device VITA Easy shade Compact. The results showed that the Vita Easy Shade machine was accurate 97.5 %, visual evaluation method was accurate 85.2 %. This study reveals that esthetic results is a significant factor in patient satisfaction, which should be evaluated. Instrumental methods for determining the color of teeth are more accurate than visual and do not depend on the subjective sensations and psychological factors of the dentist. At the moment, the combination of the Vita Easy shade system and the 3D Vita scale is the most effective in determining tooth shade or restoration. However, the instrumental method cannot replace traditional methods. Digital techniques should be a must in addition to visual analysis.
25
Lees, A. M., J. C. Lees, V. Sejian, M. L. Sullivan, and J. B. Gaughan. "Influence of shade on panting score and behavioural responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus feedlot cattle to heat load." Animal Production Science 60, no. 2 (2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context Feedlot cattle can be negatively impacted by hot conditions, such that they have reduced performance and wellbeing. This study was conducted at the research feedlot located at The University of Queensland during a southern hemisphere summer (October to April). Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of shade on the behaviour and panting score of Bos taurus and Bos indicus feedlot cattle during summer. Methods Thirty-six steers (12 Angus, 12 Charolais and 12 Brahman) with an initial non-fasted liveweight of 318.5 ± 6.7 kg were used in a 154-day feedlot study consisting of two treatments: unshaded and shaded (3 m2/animal). Observational data were obtained for each steer at 2 h intervals between 0600 and 1800 hours daily from Day 1 to Day 154. Additional night time observational data were collected at 2-h intervals between 2000 and 0400 hours on 12 occasions. Data collected included activity (feeding, drinking, or ruminating), posture (standing or lying) and panting score. Panting scores were used to calculate a mean panting score for each breed × treatment group. Observational data were converted to a count for each breed × treatment group for each observation time point and were analysed using a binomial generalised linear model. Key results Maximum shade utilisation was the greatest at 1200 hours for Angus (85.5%), Charolais (32.7%) and Brahman (33.3%) steers. All breed × treatment groups exhibited a notable increase in mean panting score as heat load increased. Average increase in mean panting score was 0.36, where shaded Brahman exhibited the smallest increase (0.13) and unshaded Angus had the greatest increase (0.71). When heat load conditions were very hot (heat load index (HLI) ≥ 86) the mean panting score of all breed × treatment groups differed (P < 0.05). Conclusions Overall these results emphasise the importance of providing shade to feedlot cattle, irrespective of genotype. Implications These results further highlight the importance of providing shade to feedlot cattle. These results challenge the general perception that Bos indicus feedlot cattle do not require access to heat load alleviation strategies.
26
Umari, Iskandar, Wiwit Widarti, Insan Wijaya, and Hudaini Hasbi. "PENGARUH WARNA NAUNGAN PLASTIK DAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)." Jurnal Agroqua: Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan 16, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/ja.v16i2.458.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the research was to study the effect of calors plastic shade and dosage organic fertilizer and the interaction on the growth analyze of Shallots. The experiment was conducted in experiment field of Agriculture Faculty, University Muhammadiyah of Jember.The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design consisted of 4 x 3 factorial treatments with three replications. The first factor were 3 levels of Transparent Plastic Shelter, i.e.: clear, blue, and red. The second factor were 4 levels of compost organic fertilizer application, i.e.: 15, 20, 25 and 30 t/ha. The results showed a significant interaction between the color shade of plastic and a dose of organic fertilizer on the parameters of leaf area age 60 days after planting and leaf area index age 60 days after planting, treatment shade of blue with organic fertilizer 30 tons / ha showed the best effect on leaf area and treatment shade of blue with dosages of 25 tons / ha showed the best effect on leaf area index. Use of shade of blue give the best effect on leaf area age 60 hst and shade of red gives the best effect on the growth rate of plants. The treatment dose of organic fertilizer 25 tons / ha gives the best effect on leaf area index age of 60 days after planting, the rate of plant growth, and relative growth rate, and treatment with a dose of fertilizer 30 ton / ha.
27
Qian, Y. L., M. C. Engelke, M. J. V. Foster, and S. Reynolds. "Trinexapac-ethyl Restricts Shoot Growth and Improves Quality of `Diamond' Zoysiagrass Under Shade." HortScience 33, no. 6 (October 1998): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.6.1019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Turfgrass is grown under extremely variable light intensities. This presents difficult management problems, and methods are needed to improve turf performance under variable shade conditions. Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on turf performance and physiological responses of `Diamond' zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] under several light intensities. In a polyethylene-roofed greenhouse, `Diamond' was sodded in 12 wooden boxes (1.2 × 1.2 × 0.16 m) (Expt. 1) and 18 fiber containers (55 × 38 × 12 cm) (Expt. 2). Treatments applied to boxes or containers included three levels of shade (40%, 75%, and 88%) with and without multiple TE applications at 48 g·ha-1 of active ingredient. Without TE treatment, vertical shoot growth increased linearly with increasing shade levels. Excessive shoot growth under 75% and 88% shade exacerbated energy depletion, as evidenced by the 45% and 67% lower rhizome mass and the 37% and 65% lower total nonstructural carbohydrate content (TNC), respectively, compared with turf under 40% shade. Trinexapac-ethyl reduced excessive vertical shoot growth and increased rhizome mass and TNC. Mean turf quality was increased by 0.7 and 1.4 units for turf receiving multiple TE applications under 75% and 88% shade, respectively. Trinexapac-ethyl did not increase turf quality or TNC under 40% shade. Canopy photosynthetic rate (Pn) was not affected 4 weeks after the initial TE treatment under any shade level. However, 34 weeks after the initial TE treatment a 50% higher Pn was observed for turf treated with TE under 88% shade, possibly because of higher tiller density. Repeated TE application increased turf quality and provided more favorable physiological responses (such as TNC and Pn) under 75% and 88% shade, where conditions favored vertical shoot growth. However, little or no improvement in turf quality was observed under 40% shade, where conditions favored slow vertical shoot growth. Chemical name used: 4-(cyclopropyl-α-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (trinexapac-ethyl).
28
Khurana, Punit RS, P. Vivek Thomas, Soudhamini V. Rao, R. Balamuragan, and Mohan Preet Singh. "A Clinical Study to Correlate Maxillary Anterior Natural Teeth with that of the Commercially Available Acrylic and Porcelain Shade Guides." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 3 (2013): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The success of the dental treatment as perceived by our patients is often preferentially evaluated on the appearance of the restoration. Usually visual determination is unreliable and inconsistent, complicated by the inability of the shade guide to cover the entire dental color range and also there is lack of logical order of arrangement of the tabs. Hence a clinical study is planned to perform visual shade selection in standardized conditions to correlate the shades of maxillary anterior natural teeth in adult subjects of Davengere district origin to one acrylic and three porcelain shade guides commercially available in India. How to cite this article Khurana PRS, Thomas PV, Rao SV, Balamuragan R, Singh MP. A Clinical Study to Correlate Maxillary Anterior Natural Teeth with that of the Commercially Available Acrylic and Porcelain Shade Guides. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):427-433.
29
Ardika, I. Putu Tantra, Yohanes Setiyo, and Sumiyati . "Dampak Penggunaan Naungan Plastik Terhadap Profil Iklim Mikro Pada Budidaya Kentang Bibit (Solanum Tuberosum L) Varietas Granola Kelompok G0." Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) 7, no. 1 (October 27, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbeta.2019.v07.i01.p03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengetahui profil iklim mikro pada naungan plastik dengan warna plastik berbeda dan (2) mengetahui warna plastik untuk naungan yang sesuai terhadap peningkatan kualitas kentang varietas granola G0. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap masing-masing terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu perlakuan tanpa naungan, perlakuan naungan plastik warna bening, perlakuan naungan plastik warna biru dan perlakuan naungan plastik warna merah. Untuk pengukuran iklim mikro digunakan alat temperature and humidity meter dan light meter. Pengukuran iklim mikro dilakukan seminggu sekali yaitu setiap pukul 12.00 WITA. Analisis data intensitas cahaya matahari dilakukan membuat gambar dalam naungan menggunakan metose garis kontur, sedangkan data hasil pengukuran suhu udara, suhu tanah, kelembaban dan variabel kualitas yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan program komputer Microsoft Excel untuk memperoleh grafik, lalu dianalisis dengan metode deskiptif, dan dilanjutkan analisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian intensitas cahaya matahari menunjukkan kontur profil saat tanaman berusia 2 minggu profil sebaran naungan warna bening 975-1025 lux, naungan warna merah 675-725 lux, naungan warna biru 575-595 lux, sedangkan pada tanaman berusia 8 minggu naungan warna bening 100-800 lux, naungan warna merah 100-700 lux, dan naungan warna biru 100-400 lux. Rata-rata suhu udara tanpa naungan 26,20C, naungan bening 26,80C, naungan merah 26,60C, naungan biru 26,20C. Rata-rata kelembaban tanpa naungan 76%, naungan bening 77%, naungan merah 78%, naungan biru 79%. Perlakuan naungan bening menunjukkan kualitas terbaik yaitu rata-rata 4,4 umbi per pohon, rata-rata berat 257,6 gram per pohon dan rata-rata 1 umbi per pohon.
Kata kunci: naungan plastik, kentang varietas granola G0, iklim mikro.
The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the microclimate profile of plastic shade with different plastic colors and (2) find out the color of plastic for the appropriate shade to increase the quality of granola G0 potato varieties. This study used a completely randomized design, each consisting of four treatments and three replications, namely treatment without shade, transparent plastic shade treatment, blue plastic shade treatment and red plastic shade treatment. For microclimate measurement, the temperature and humidity meter and light meter are used. Microclimate measurement is done once a week, which is at 12.00 p.m. Analysis of sunlight intensity data was carried out to make profile image in the shade using metose contour lines, while the results of measurements of air temperature, soil temperature, humidity and quality variables obtained were processed using a Microsoft Excel computer program to obtain graphics, then analyzed using the deskiptive method and continued the analysis using variance analysis (ANOVA). The result of the intensity of sunlight is made profile countur, and the result of measurement of air temperature, soild temperature, moisture and variable quality is made graph. The results of the study of solar light intensity show the contour of the profile when the plant is two weeks old, the clear shade distribution profile is 975-1025 lux, the shade is read 675-725 lux, the shade is blue 575-595 lux, while in the eight week old plant, the clear shade is 100-800 lux, the shade is red 100-700 lux, and the shade is blue 100-400 lux. Average air temperature without shade 26,20C, clear shade 26,80C, red shade 26,60C, blue shade 26,20C, average moisture without shade 76%, clear shade 77%, red shade 78%, and blue shade 79%. The treatment of clear shade shows the best quality, that is an average of 4,4 tubers every single tree, average 257,6 grams every single tree and average of 1 tuber every single tree.
Keyword : plastic sharps, potatoes varietas granola G0, microclimate
30
Marutani, Mari, and Veronica Endirveersingham. "Shadecovers Affect Degradation of Carbaryl on Field-grown Pakchoi." HortTechnology 13, no. 4 (January 2003): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.4.0637.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of shade covers on degradation of insecticide, carbaryl on field-grown pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) was examined by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Carbaryl at a.i. 10.6 g·L-1 (1.42 oz/gal) was applied to the plants grown under five different shade treatments including control without any coverings. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Pesticide residue on leaf tissues was examined on dates of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after pesticide application. On all sampling dates, pesticide residue was greater with treatments with higher shade percentage. Both linear and quadratic relationship of shade (independent variable) and the concentration of remained carbaryl (dependent variable) were significant (P < 0.05). The half-life of carbaryl on pakchoi leaves ranged from 2 days for control to 9 days for the heaviest shade (75%) treatment with rain protection.
31
Suparwata, Dewa Oka. "RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KACANG HIJAU (VIGNA RADIATA L.) TERHADAP PERLAKUAN PERBEDAAN NAUNGAN." Akademika : Jurnal Ilmiah Media Publikasi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/akademika.v7i1.93.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aimed to study the respond of the growth and production of green beans toward shade treatment. The research location is in Pentadio Timur, Telaga Biru Gorontalo, which was done for 3 months from Desember 2016 to Februari 2017. The research design is RAK or group randomized design, with four level of treatment, which is, P0 = without shade, P1 = 1 layer of paranet thickness treatment, P2 = 2 layer of paranet thickness treatment, P3 = 3 layer of paranet thickness treatment. These four treatments was repeated 3 times that obtains 12 trial plots. The data were analyzed through Anova with SAS data processing. The result of variant investigation analysis on BNT (P
32
SENEVIRATHNA, A. M. W. K., C. M. STIRLING, and V. H. L. RODRIGO. "ACCLIMATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GROWTH OF BANANA (MUSA SP.) TO NATURAL SHADE IN THE HUMID TROPICS." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 3 (July 2008): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYGrowth and photosynthetic performance of banana (Musa sp.) grown in three levels of natural shade (33, 55 and 77% reduction in incoming radiation) were compared to an unshaded control treatment. Net CO2 assimilation rates generally decreased with increasing shade. Chlorophyll fluorescence revealed short-term dynamic photoinhibition under high light conditions but no evidence of sustained photoinhibitory damage to photosystem II. Dynamic photoinhibition decreased with increasing shade, with the greatest depression in the variable to maximal fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) occurring in unshaded plants during the middle of the day. Specific leaf area and leaf area ratio increased proportionately with increasing shade, whilst the chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased, reflecting a greater efficiency of light utilization under shady conditions. The optimum shade level for photosynthetic productivity would be one at which the level of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) is high enough to saturate CO2 assimilation but low enough to induce shade acclimation and to reduce photoinhibition. Under the conditions studied here, the saturation level of PPFD was around 1000 μmol m−2 s−1, a light level typical of the tree-based intercropping systems in which banana is commonly grown in the tropics.
33
Bender, B., E. S. Capellesso, M. E. Lottici, J. Sentkovski, A. A. Mielniczki-Pereira, L. M. G. Rosa, and T. L. Sausen. "Growth responses and accumulation of soluble sugars in Inga marginata Wild. (Fabaceae) subjected to flooding under contrasting light conditions." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 2 (August 15, 2016): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.11315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Flood events in riparian forests of southern Brazil, can be characterized as unpredictable and of low magnitude with an average duration of less than 15 days. Inga marginata is an evergreen tree which grows in Southeast South America on a wide range of environments, including riparian forests. In this paper, the interactive effects of the light environment and soil flooding on morphological parameters of I. marginata were examined. Seedlings were acclimated in two contrasting light conditions: sun or shade for 30 days. Sun and shade plants were subjected to soil flooding for two periods; five or 15 days. After 5 days, the interaction between flooding and light did not affect growth, chlorophyll content and dry mass or the root-shoot ratio. After 15 days, flooded plants from the sunny treatment had a lower shoot dry mass compared to control sun plants and flooded plants from the shaded treatment. Moreover, the higher dry mass observed for shade plants compared to sun plants, following flooding, can also be directly associated with a higher content of soluble sugars. Shade plants of I. marginata showed a greater acclimation to soil waterlogging. This acclimation appears to be associated with a larger accumulation of soluble sugars compared to non-flooded plants. The responses observed on the shade plants appear to be decisive to indicate the use of I. marginata in degraded areas.
34
Susanto, Tri, Basir Achmad, and Gusti Syeransyah Rudy. "PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccana L.WILLD) DI LAHAN TERBUKA SETELAH DIBERI PERLAKUAN NAUNGAN DI PERSEMAIAN." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 4, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v4i2.3346.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of candlenut seeds (Aleurites moluccana L. Willd) in open land after being given shade treatment in the nursery. The method used for observing the growth of candlenut seedlings is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment in the nursery was shade levels consisting of 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. Each treatment consisted of five samples and each treatment was repeated three times so that 4 × 5 × 3 = 60 seedlings were needed. Subsequent research was conducted on open land with 100% sunlight intensity. The parameters measured were height, diameter and number of leaves. Based on observations of candlenut seedlings in open land after being given shade treatment at the nursery for 12 weeks showed that the percentage of seedling life was 80%. The results of the variance analysis showed that the shade treatment significantly affected the growth of candlenut seedling height, but had no effect on the increase in diameter and the number of leaves.Keywords: Candlenut seedling growth; Open land; Shade
35
LeBlanc, Mark R., and James N. McCrimmon. "Turfgrass Evaluation Under Artificial Shade in the Greenhouse." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 520F—521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.520f.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Establishing and maintaining turfgrass in the shade is one of the most challenging problems facing turfgrass managers and home owners. A greenhouse study was initiated to determine the shade tolerance of centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack.], carpetgrass [Axonopus affinis Chase], and selected St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] cultivars (`Floratam', `FX-10', `Seville', and `TR 6-10'). Plants were grown under artificial shade (85% polypropylene shade cloth) and full sun. Actual percent shade (%shade={PAR under shade/PAR under sun}*100) was determined by measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under shade cloth and full sun adjacent to the shade structure using a quantum sensor. Pots were arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. All turfgrasses, except `TR 6-10', had a significant reduction in total dry weight in the shade compared to those in the sun. `TR 6-10' had the highest root, leaf, and total dry weight in the shade. `FX-10' had the lowest root, leaf, and total dry weight in the shade. Plants grown under the shade treatment compared to those in the sun resulted in an average decrease in stolon number of 13 and in total stolon length of 170 cm. In the shade, `Floratam' and `Seville' had the longest stolon internode lengths, while `Floratam' had the longest in the sun. There were significant differences for leaf length between the shade and sun treatments, except for carpetgrass and `FX-10'. `Floratam' and `FX-10' had differences in leaf width between the sun and shade.
36
Komariah, Ai, Erwin Christian Waloeyo, and Odang Hidayat. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN NAUNGAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL DUA VARIETAS TANAMAN KACANG MERAH ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. )." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 5, no. 1 (October 7, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v5i1.35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research aims to obtain varieties of red beans was tolerant oflow light intensity under this shade.The research implemented in the experimental garden UNWIM BojongSeungit campus, from late June to early September 2016, with a height of 850 meters above sea level and precipitation type C (Dampish ).The experimental design used was split plot design consisting of 16 treatments and 4 Deuteronomy .Treatment consists of two levels : size of the shade (P), p0 = 0%Shade, p1 = 50% Shade, p2 = 65% Shade, p3 = 75%Shade, and varieties (v), v1 = Garut and v2 = Tasik.The results of this experiment showed the effect of growth and different results in higher plants in shade 65% and 0% in the varieties of Garut and Tasik age 35 days after planting, number of leaves per plant and the number of branches per plant at 28 days after planting in the shade of 75%, the number of pods contents per plant and the number of pods per plant in the shade of 0% whereas 50% shade highest yield of dry grain weight per plant, weight of 100 grains of seed varieties Garut and percentage (%) number of pods per plant were highest in varieties Tasik Varieties of Garut and Tasik are sensitive to shade 75%, moderate to 65% shade and still tolerant to shade 50%.
37
Dewi, Riska Kurnia, Irfan Suliansyah, Aswaldi Anwar, Auzar Syarif, and Mela Rahmah. "Effect of shading on plant growth of 4 varieties of hybrid corn." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1097, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1097/1/012011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Agricultural land in Indonesia continues to decrease every year so that the use of plantation areas can be an alternative in increasing corn production. This study aimed to obtain corn varieties that can grow and produce well in shaded conditions. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors. The first factor on the main plot is the shade (S) i.e., no shade (S1), 25% light interception shade (S2), and 50% light interception shade (S3). The second factor in the sub-plot is the hybrid corn variety (V) consisting of Bima 20 (V1), JH-37 (V2), Nasa 29 (N3), and Pioneer P32 (V4). The results showed that two varieties produce a high yield in 50% light interception conditions, which are JH-37 and Bima 20 with kernel dry weights of 6.04 and 6.43 tons/ha, respectively. On plant growth, shade treatment did not have a significant effect on the plant height, the number of leaves, and the leaf area, but affects the diameter of the stems.
38
Joy, Aleena, Frank R. Dunshea, Brian J. Leury, Iain J. Clarke, Kristy DiGiacomo, Pragna Prathap, Minghao Zhang, and Surinder S. Chauhan. "275 Access to Shade Mitigate Heat Stress and Improves Growth Performance in Lambs During Summer." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of provision of shade on behavior, physiology, and growth of Merino lambs exposed to natural Australian summer conditions. Sixty Merino lambs were randomly allocated to either pasture with shade (n = 30;paddock with trees) or a pasture without shade (n = 30;paddock without any trees) for one month during southern-Australian summer (February-2021). Sheep were grazing on the pastures as per standard protocols followed on the farm with ad libitum access to water. Lambs were monitored twice daily between 0900-1000h and 1400-1600h to record their behavior, and physiological parameters were recorded on hot days (environmental temperature (T) >30°C). Behavioral patterns were represented as the proportion of animals doing specific activities in each treatment group. Grazing was the most frequent activity observed in animals during morning measurement (> 60% in both groups). However, high temperature (T > 30°C) decreased grazing behavior in sheep to < 5% in both treatments. Standing behavior was significantly greater (65.2 vs 21.6%; P < 0.05) for animals under non-shade treatment, while lying behavior was more frequent (17.3 vs 76.3%; P < 0.01) in animals having access to shade. Significantly more animals were seeking water troughs (P < 0.05) in the non-shade group (33.2%) compared to the shade group (10.3%). On an average hot day (T >28°C), most lambs in the shade group were seeking shade (P < 0.01), and when the temperature exceeded >32°C, 90% of the lambs were seeking tree shade. Sheep with access to shade exhibited lower (P < 0.01) respiration rate (117breaths/min) and rectal temperature (39.7°C) than non-shade group (151breaths/min;40.2°C). Overall, access to shade improved (P < 0.001) average daily gain (+0.047kg/day) in sheep compared to the non-shade group (-0.028kg/day). In conclusion, our research confirms that providing access to shade is an effective ameliorative strategy to mitigate heat-stress in sheep during summer heatwaves.
39
Shree Ranjan Pandey, Subash Sharma, and Sowmya K. "Occurrence of most common shade for crown fabrication in anteriors and posteriors in south Indian population - A retrospective study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 20, 2020): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shade selection is a very important part of the treatment as it dictates the final outcomes of treatment and patient satisfaction. The most prevalent shade used in dentistry is A2/B2 shade for crown fabrication. This study was conducted on the south Indian population of the Saveetha dental college university where out of 617 patients were analysed so that the shade choices used in crown fabrication is assessed. This university based study involved the collection of data from the database from which cases of crown fabrication shade were selected and cross verified. All the data was compiled and tabulated in Microsoft Excel and exported to IBM SPSS 20. Data was represented through frequency distribution tables and Chi square tests. The highest frequency of shade used for crown fabrication amongst the South Indian population was A2 in males and females, the second most commonly used shade was A1 in females and A3 in males. Within the limitation of this study, it was found that the most common shade for crown fabrication used in the south Indian population was A2 shade, followed by A3 shade in males and A1 shade in females. The least commonly used shade was A4. The maximum cases which had a requirement of crown fabrication with esthetically pleasing shade were under the age group of 21 - 30 yrs.
40
Garcia, M. E., C. R. Rom, and J. B. Murphy. "Shading and Leaf Age Effects on Total Phenolic Content and Specific Leaf Weight of Apple." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 507C—507. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.507c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of shading and leaf age on the production of foliar phenolics of two apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars, `Liberty' and `Red Rome Beauty', were studied. Potted trees were grown outdoors and their leaves tagged weekly when they reached 20 mm in length. This process continued for the duration of the experiment. At 3 weeks from budbreak, the trees were placed in three shade treatments: 0% shade (control), 60% shade, and 90% shade. After 5 weeks, the leaves were collected for phenolic assay. Specific leaf weight (SLW) was determined from the leaf below the tagged leaf. Shade significantly affected the total phenolic content. Leaves in 0% shade had the highest levels of total phenolics. The phenolic content decreased with increasing shade, with trees in 90% shade having a 72% reduction in total phenolics. There was a significant shade by leaf age interaction. There was a decrease in total phenolic content with increasing leaf age except for those leaves whose development occurred before the experiment was started. The 1-week-old leaf had the highest phenolic content, while 4-week-old leaf had the lowest amount. The 5- and 6-week-old leaves that had been tagged prior to the onset of the shade treatments has similar phenolic content in all treatment. SLW significantly decreased with increasing shade and increased with leaf age. Results of this study indicate that light and leaf developmental stage are important factors in the total foliar phenolic content, but, once phenolics are synthesized, shading does not affect their content.
41
Hernandez, Shane r., William M. Sims, Alexander M. Stelzleni, Dylan B. Davis, Luís Fernando Glasenapp De Menezes, Robert W. McKee, and Lawton Stewart. "114 Monitoring the impact of shade and housing on physiological response in finishing beef cattle during the summer months in the Southeastern United States." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of heat stress on blood-gas parameters of beef steers finished with or without shade in the Southeastern United States. Thirty-two steers (BW 453kg +/-4 kg) were assigned to one of four treatment groups including: inside with fans (CWF), inside no fans (CNF), outside with shade (SHADE), and outside without shade (OUT). All animals were placed into their treatment on d-10 and were given 10 days to acclimate. Animals were fed individually and served as the experimental unit. Animals were weighed and arterial blood was collected on d-10, 0, and 50. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized designed utilizing a one-way ANOVA. Initial (d-10) pCO2 values were similar for all treatments (P >0.05). On d0, covered treatments (SHADE, CWF, and CNF) pCO2 values were greater than d-10 (P< 0.01), OUT values did not differ from d-10 to d0 (P = 0.95). The change in pCO2 values between d-10 to d0 values were similar for covered groups (P >0.14) and greater than OUT (P < 0.02). On d50 all treatment pCO2 values returned to baseline values (P = 0.50), and the change in pCO2 from d0 to d50 was greater for covered groups than the OUT group (P < 0.04) Initial d-10 pO2 values were similar for all treatments (P >0.05). On d0, covered treatments (SHADE, CWF, and CNF) pO2 values were less than d-10 (P < 0.01), OUT values did not differ from d-10 to d0 (P = 0.75). pCO2 values between d-10 to d0 were similar across all groups (P = 0.38). On d50 SHADE and CNF pO2 values were less than base line (P < 0.02). d50 pO2 values for OUT and CWF returned to baseline values (P >0.20). The change in O2 from d0 to d50 was similar across all groups (P = 0.84). These results suggest that there is a physiological difference between beef steers fed with cover versus beef steers outside.
42
Marler, Thomas Edward. "Diurnal Serianthes nelsonii Merr. leaflet paraheliotropism reduces leaflet temperature, relieves photoinhibition, and alters nyctinastic behavior." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 9 (July 26, 2019): 14112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4958.11.9.14112-14118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The diel cycle of Serianthes nelsonii leaflet movements was characterized under four levels of shade from full sun to 22% sunlight transmission to determine the photoprotective components of diurnal leaflet movements and the relationship to patterns of nocturnal leaflet movements. Treatments also included negating paraheliotropism by re-orienting plants every 15min throughout the photoperiod such that the plants never experienced a predictable solar vector. The timing of leaflet closure to avoid high light, the shape of the diurnal curve depicting leaflet angle, and the maximum extent of leaflet closure were influenced by the shade treatments. Protection of leaf function by paraheliotropism was also influenced by shade treatment, with the full sun plants exhibiting the greatest level of protection. Leaflet heat gain was reduced 50% by leaflet movement as determined by direct measurements of leaf-to-air temperature differences. Midday quantum efficiency of photosystem II was increased 120% by leaflet movement as determined by direct measurements of pulse modulated chlorophyll fluorescence. The extent of nyctinastic leaflet closure was greatest in the high light plants that moved the most midday and least in the shaded plants that moved the least midday, indicating the extent of diurnal paraheliotropism controlled the amplitude of nocturnal leaflet movement. Serianthes nelsonii is highly skilled at using movement to reduce leaflet exposure to the solar vector, providing instantaneous behavioral control over heat gain and photoinhibition. This case study of an endemic tree species in Micronesia has added to the nascent field of conservation physiology, and indicated that heliotropism of S. nelsonii leaves may provide the species with the ability to minimize high light damage during increased temperatures associated with climate change.
43
Yuliasmara, Fitria, Ucu Sumirat, Karuniawan Puji Wicaksono, and Eko Widaryanto. "Growth and Plant Architecture of Several Introduced Coffea canephora Clones Under Different Shade Levels." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 38, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v38i3.517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introducing superior plants is one of the efforts to increase coffee produc- tivity in Indonesia. Three clones from France de Torino (FRT), FRT 07, FRT 09, and FRT 65, have been introduced to Indonesia. However, their cultivation is not widely distributed yet. Analysis of the responses of FRT clones against differences in climate and cultivation is needed to determine the right cultivation system to produce maximum growth and productivity. This study examines the vegetative growth of FRT clones introduced at some levels of shade. The study employed a split-plot design with 36 experimental units. The primary factor was the levels of shade consisting: without shade, 25% of shade, 50% of shade, and 100% of shade. The three introduced FRT clones (FRT 07, FRT 09, and FRT 65) were used as the subplot. Observations were done on several growth variables. The results showed that shade treatment affected all growth parameters and plant architecture. Clones significiantly affected plant height, orthotropic internode length, number of leaves, and average leaf area. Increased levels of shade caused an increase in internode length, branch angle, and crown diameter but decrease in number of internodes and leaves. A low level of shade (25%) produced an optimal value on parameters related to the productivity of FRT coffee plants, such as the number of plagiotropic internodes and the number of leaves. Parameters related to vegetative growth, such as plant height, stem diameter, and internode length, showed optimal values in a moderate level of shade (50%). Treatment without shade and a heavy shade resulted in impaired growth of FRT coffee. There was no interaction between levels of shade and clone treatment on most of the variables related to plant morphology, which indicated that the three introduced FRT clones gave relatively similar response to shade; thus, the three clones can be managed with the same shade management.
44
Wahyudi, Imam, and Muhammad Abror. "Effect of Height and Type of Nursery Shade on Vigor of Big Red Chili (Capsicum Annum L.)." Nabatia 2, no. 1 (July 28, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v1i1.1584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim of this experiment was to study the effect of highness and type of shade material within interaction between highness and types of shade material nurserytowards big red chili vigor (C. annum L.). This research was conducted on February-March 2012 district Turirejo, Cangkringmalang, Beji, Pasuruan denan with the highness of 9 m dpl, pH 5-6, temperature at 30oC, rainfall 420 mL/tahun. This research was design by factorial in Randomized Block Design (RBD), which were run triplicate. The first factor were shade 65, 95 dan 125 cm and the second factor were the type of plastic nursery shade material, paranet and (plastic + paranet). The data showed that was interaction between highness and types of shade material nurseryon parameter of highness, cotyledons emergence time, length of leaf, amount of leaf, diameter rod, the number of nodes grows and plant fresh weight. The combined height 65cm shade and shade types of materials (plastics + paranet) was the best treatment while it was not significantly different to the other treatments.
45
Wahyudi, Imam, and Muhammad Abror. "Effect of Height and Type of Nursery Shade on Vigor of Big Red Chili (Capsicum Annum L.)." Nabatia 2, no. 1 (July 28, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v1i1.1584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim of this experiment was to study the effect of highness and type of shade material within interaction between highness and types of shade material nurserytowards big red chili vigor (C. annum L.). This research was conducted on February-March 2012 district Turirejo, Cangkringmalang, Beji, Pasuruan denan with the highness of 9 m dpl, pH 5-6, temperature at 30oC, rainfall 420 mL/tahun. This research was design by factorial in Randomized Block Design (RBD), which were run triplicate. The first factor were shade 65, 95 dan 125 cm and the second factor were the type of plastic nursery shade material, paranet and (plastic + paranet). The data showed that was interaction between highness and types of shade material nurseryon parameter of highness, cotyledons emergence time, length of leaf, amount of leaf, diameter rod, the number of nodes grows and plant fresh weight. The combined height 65cm shade and shade types of materials (plastics + paranet) was the best treatment while it was not significantly different to the other treatments.
46
Wahyudi, Imam, and Muhammad Abror. "Effect of Height and Type of Nursery Shade on Vigor of Big Red Chili (Capsicum Annum L.)." Nabatia 2, no. 1 (July 28, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v1i1.1584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim of this experiment was to study the effect of highness and type of shade material within interaction between highness and types of shade material nurserytowards big red chili vigor (C. annum L.). This research was conducted on February-March 2012 district Turirejo, Cangkringmalang, Beji, Pasuruan denan with the highness of 9 m dpl, pH 5-6, temperature at 30oC, rainfall 420 mL/tahun. This research was design by factorial in Randomized Block Design (RBD), which were run triplicate. The first factor were shade 65, 95 dan 125 cm and the second factor were the type of plastic nursery shade material, paranet and (plastic + paranet). The data showed that was interaction between highness and types of shade material nurseryon parameter of highness, cotyledons emergence time, length of leaf, amount of leaf, diameter rod, the number of nodes grows and plant fresh weight. The combined height 65cm shade and shade types of materials (plastics + paranet) was the best treatment while it was not significantly different to the other treatments.
47
Ellakany, Passent, Shaimaa M. Fouda, Maram A. AlGhamdi, and Nourhan M. Aly. "Influence of Dental Education on Esthetics Self-Perception and Shade Selection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A discrepancy is encountered between the esthetic self-perception and the actual need for treatment. The aim was to determine the influence of dental education on the patients’ attitude, esthetic self-perceptions, and shade selection. This cross-sectional study asked participants to select the perceived shade of their incisors using a shade guide, and to complete a self-administered questionnaire assessing their attitude regarding teeth shade. The color coordinates (L*, a*, and b*) of their actual shades were recorded clinically, using a digital spectrophotometer. A Pearson correlation assessed the relation between the perceived and actual color coordinates. A linear regression assessed the association between the attitude towards the esthetic self-perception, background factors, and actual shades. A clinical shade selection was done digitally for 536 participants, comprising 40.1% preclinical dental students, 37.3% clinical dental students, and 22.6% non-dental participants. The perceived and actual a* and b* values were significantly correlated in the preclinical students, and L* and b* were correlated in the clinical students. Those who had not received any dental education showed better attitude scores than the clinical students. The color-matching skills were improved by education; therefore, this emphasizes the importance of teaching color selection in dental schools. Dental esthetic self-perception is also improved by increasing knowledge and skills through exposure to a variety of comprehensive dental cases.
48
Chowdhuri, Tapas Kumar, Raghunath Sadhukhan, and Tushar Ghosh. "Assessment of Physiology and Quality Performances of Cut Foliage Plant (Asparagus plumosus) under Coloured Shade Nets." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The investigations were carried out during 2016–17 and 2017–18 under three different coloured shade nets (white, green and red) along with the controlled environment (open condition) at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India to study the production behavior of Asparagus plumosus, India. The experiments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications and maintained in pots. Similar management practices were followed for all the treatments throughout the growing period. The pooled data of two years revealed that plants grown under the green shade net showed significant improvement in all the vegetative parameters i.e. plant height (109.6 cm), plant spread (70.67 cm), leaf length (33.35 cm), leaf breadth (22.00 cm) and petiole girth (0.80 cm), whereas lowest data observed in the plants maintained without any shade net. The leaf production was also better in the plants raised under green shade net than other treatments. The highest number of leaves per plant and leaf longevity was found in green shade net treatment. The leaf production interval was remarkably lowest in the plants grown under green shade net. The leaf quality was better under green shade net in terms of colour intensity, vase life and chlorophyll content. The green shade net gave overall better performance regarding both physiological and quality parameters and can be suitable for commercial cultivation.
49
Sofyan, Antar, Nikmah Nikmah, and Tuti Heiriyani. "PENGARUH PERSENTASE NAUNGAN DAN PUPUK BOKASHI KOTORAN AYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)." EnviroScienteae 18, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v18i1.13009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tomato is a plant that has high economic value in Indonesia. Tomato fruit productivity is decreasing every year, one of the factors that affect tomato production is environmental conditions that do not support plant growth. Providing shade can avoid excess rainwater that can affect the growth process. This study aims to determine the effect of shade percentage, dose of bokashi fertilizer, and the interaction between percentage of shade and dose of bokashi fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato plants. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK), the first factor was shade (N), namely 0% paranet (N0), 40% paranet (N1) and 60% paranet (N2) and the second factor was chicken manure bokashi fertilizer. (B) namely 0 tons/ha (B0), 35 tons/ha (B1), 45 tons/ha (B2), 55 tons/ha (B3), and 65 tons/ha (B4), with 15 treatments and 2 treatments. replications obtained 30 test units. The results showed that the percentage of shade had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, and fruit weight, the best dose of chicken manure bokashi in N1B4 treatment was 40% and shade 65 tons/ha, and there was no interaction between shade and fertilizer. bokashi on growth and yield.
50
Surfleet, Christopher, and Justin Louen. "The Influence of Hyporheic Exchange on Water Temperatures in a Headwater Stream." Water 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111615.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A headwater stream in coastal California was used to evaluate the temperature response of effective shade reduction. Spatial distribution of stream water temperatures for summer low-flow conditions (<0.006 m3 s−1) were highly correlated with net radiation and advective heat transfers from hyporheic exchange and subsequent streambed conduction. Using a heat budget model, mean maximum stream water temperatures were predicted to increase by 1.7 to 2.2 °C for 50% and 0% effective shade scenarios, respectively, at the downstream end of a 300 m treatment reach. Effects on mean maximum stream water temperature changes, as water flowed downstream through a 500 m shaded reach below the treatment reach, were reduced by 52 to 30% from the expected maximum temperature increases under the 50% and 0% effective shade scenarios, respectively. Maximum stream water temperature change predicted by net radiation heating alone was greater than measured and heat-budget-estimated temperatures. When the influence of hyporheic water exchange was combined with net radiation predictions, predicted temperatures were similar to measured and heat-budget-predicted temperatures. Results indicate that advective heat transfers associated with hyporheic exchange can promote downstream cooling following stream water temperature increases from shade reduction in a headwater stream with cascade, step-pool, and large woody debris forced-pool morphology.