Статті в журналах: "SGSY"

1

Dr. P. RAMALAKSHMI, Dr P. RAMALAKSHMI. "Women Empowerment Through SGSY Program in Virudhunagar." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/213.

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2

Chatterjee, Shankar. "ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL BPL HOUSEHOLDS THROUGH SHGS: A STUDY AT AURANGABAD DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i3.2019.978.

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This study was carried out among the members of self-help groups (SHGs) at Aurangabad District of Maharashtra in the Month of March 2019. Altogether, two SHGs located in two different areas along with the few members of SHGs were contacted to get an idea about the functioning of self-help group (SHG) in the district as well as earning (income) of members after joining in the SHG. The SHGs were part of earlier Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY), a self-employment scheme sponsored under Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. In view of this few lines about SGSY and its progress are presented here for the benefit of readers. So, the study is based on both primary and secondary data.

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3

Ray, Sthitapragyan. "Alleviating Poverty through Micro-finance: SGSY Experience in Orissa." Sociological Bulletin 57, no. 2 (May 2008): 211–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920080204.

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4

SINGH, RAHUL KUMAR, R. K. DOHAREY, N. K. TIWARI, and CHANDAN KUMAR SINGH. "Constraints in efficient functioning of dairy enterprise under SGSY." VETERINARY SCIENCE RESEARCH JOURNAL 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/vsrj/7.1/39-41.

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5

Sivasankar, P. R., M. Madhusudan Varma, and K. Ekambaram. "Evaluation of Swamajayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): A Case Study." SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies 33, no. 2 (June 2006): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0970846420060203.

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6

Tadalapur, Dr Veershetty C. "Role of NGOs in Social Mobilization in the context of SGSY." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 9 (October 1, 2011): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jun2012/74.

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7

Pankaja, HK, SV Suresha, and NS Shivalinge Gowda. "Impact of swarna jayanthi gram swarozgar yojana (SGSY) on women empowerment." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1s.8442.

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8

Narasaiah, P. V., Sudarsana Murthy, and P. Suresh. "Development of Women Entrepreneurship through Swamajayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) - A Review." SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies 33, no. 2 (June 2006): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0970846420060204.

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9

P, Dona. "Performance of Activity Group under the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) in Kerala." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 6, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7067.

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10

Bori, Bhumika. "Impact of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (Sgsy) On Poverty Alleviation in Golaghat District, Assam." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 9 (2014): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-19955356.

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11

Khaki, Audil Rashid, and Mohiuddin Sangmi. "Financial Inclusion & Social Capital A Case Study of SGSY Beneficiaries in Kashmir Valley." Independent Journal of Management & Production 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1005–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v7i4.424.

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12

Arora, Manpreet, and Swati Singh. "Disbursement of Credit Under the SGSY Scheme : A Comparison of SHGs’ Swarozgaris and Individual Swarozgaris." Indian Journal of Finance 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2016/v10i11/104918.

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13

Khaki, Audil Rashid, and Mohi-ud-Din Sangmi. "Does access to finance alleviate poverty? A case study of SGSY beneficiaries in Kashmir Valley." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 8 (August 7, 2017): 1032–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-10-2015-0277.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to question and analyse the basic tenets of financial inclusion and to understand the relationship between access to finance and poverty reduction. The paper attempts to elaborate the importance of unrestrained access to finance in building an inclusive financial sector, which is believed to reduce poverty by enabling poor and excluded people to participate in the economic process by employing their skill sets, labour and innovations in the productive activities of the economy, thereby not only increasing their own welfare and standards of living but also contributing at very high marginal returns to the overall economic growth. Design/methodology/approach This study evaluates the progression of the participants/beneficiaries of National Rural Livelihood Mission Scheme (erstwhile Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana Scheme) across various dimensions of poverty by making use of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). Findings The results suggest that the participation has in fact lead to increase in the standard of living, thereby reducing multidimensional poverty. Further, the results suggest that participation does not reduce deprivations in the “education” dimension, whereas in all other dimensions reduction in deprivations is significant. The results also suggest that the programme under study seems to be seriously mistargeting by allocating the programme to non-poor sections rather than absolute poor. Research limitations/implications The study has been conducted without following the participants over a longer period of time. The study has adopted a pre-post methodology, collecting the responses at only one point using a reflexive quasi-experimental design which leads to a recall limitation. Originality/value The paper tries to evaluate the impact of access to financial inclusion through a new perspective – the MPI. The paper examines the targeting of government-sponsored programmes and the utility of such intervention in the changing milieu of financial services.

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14

Panda, Nirupama, A. S. Mahapatra, and Rasmiprava Samal. "Impact evaluation of SGSY on socio-economic development of women in aquaculture in Eastern Hills of Orissa." Aquaculture International 20, no. 2 (June 7, 2011): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-011-9452-x.

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15

Ahamad, Shaik Fasi. "A Case Study on Implementation and Growth of the Self- Employment Among Men and Women in India." Technoarate Transactions on Entrepreneurship and International Business 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/tteib/01.01.art001.

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The article mentions an aspect of gender equality through offering employment to both men and women. Self-employment is the key to gender equality that helps to improve the financial condition of the nation. In the past, women in India have faced financial issues due to gender discrimination. Along with that, this research study has discussed the implementation and growth of self-employment among men and women in India. In the nation self-employment has helped to increase the financial profit of the organization. Along with that, the Indian government has taken different schemes that help to increase self-employment rate that help to improve social structure in India. Keyword :Self-employment, Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM, Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)

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16

Yadav, Rekha, M. P. Sagar, Parveen Kumar, Jyoti Yadav, Deepa Singh, and Amit Kumar. "Socio-Economic Status of Dairy Based Women Self Help Group Members under SGSY in Rewari District of Haryana, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2017): 5385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.515.

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17

Chatterjee, Shankar. "Self-help Group (SHGs) Activities under DAY-NRLM at Kolar district of Karnataka." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 5, no. 3 (December 17, 2016): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v5.n3.p3.

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This article is based on field study based carried out in Kolar district of Karnataka by contacting Self-help Group (SHGs) formed under Deendayal Antyaodaya Yojana- National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM)/Aajeevika which is presently in implementation in the country. This DAY-NRLM is the massive self-employment programme which is the off-shoot of restructured scheme of Swarnajayanati Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY). It was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India based on Prof Radhakrishna Committee. The study reveals that DAY-NRLM is yet to start with full swing in Kolar district, Karnataka. However, by contacting the two SHGs formed and nurtured under DAY-NRLM it was observed that they were matured enough and earning substantially. It is pertinent to mention that initially the name of the programme was National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)/Aajeevika but from 26 February 2016, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India through a notification has rechristened as Deendayal Antyaodaya Yojana so presently it is known as Deendayal Antyaodaya Yojana- National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM).

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18

Chen, Ko-Ting, Ian Yi-Feng Chang, Peng-Wei Hsu, Chi-Cheng Chuang, Yin-Cheng Huang, Pin-Yuan Chen, Chen-Nen Chang, et al. "PATH-05. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GLIOSARCOMA: RADIOLOGICAL AND PROGNOSTIC DIFFERENCES USING COMPREHENSIVE MULTI-OMICS ANALYSIS." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (November 1, 2023): v167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0635.

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Abstract Purpose Gliosarcoma (GS), a rare variant of glioblastoma (GB), is further classified into primary (de novo) gliosarcoma (PGS), and secondary gliosarcoma (SGS), which is defined as recurrence after a diagnosis of diffuse glioma. Poorer survival of SGS than PGS has been reported, however, the detailed mechanism remains unknown. METHODS: A retrospective retrieval of pathological confirmed GS was performed. All the clinical, radiological, and pathological comparisons were based on the diagnosis of GS. A multi-omics, including whole exome sequencing, transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome, approach was used to acquire the molecular profiles of these specimens. RESULTS: From 2003 to 2020, a total of 28 GSs were identified, including 19 PGSs and 9 SGSs. The age tended to be younger in SGS group than PGS group (52.1 ± 10.9 vs. 60.8 ± 11.5, p=0.069). SGSs tended to present with dural attachment (p=0.071) and were significantly associated with major vessel encasement (p=0.002) than PGSs. The Ki-67 index tended to be higher in SGSs than PGSs (p=0.081). The GS survival was significantly shorter in SGS group than PGS group (median: 7.9 vs. 32.4 months, p< 0.001). The multi-omics analysis demonstrated SGSs had significantly higher expression of negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation, telomere capping, and DNA replication nucleosome assembly pathways than PGSs. Next, using proteome / phosphoproteome nonnegative matrix factorization analysis, PGS was categorized into two clusters (PGS_C1 versus PGS_C2) with distinct multi-omics features. Of which, PGS_C1 (n=4) tended to have shorter survival than PGS_C2 (n=15, p=0.054). Notably, the survival of patients in PGS_C1, who had similar multi-omics signature to SGS, were as poor as those of SGSs. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study provides, for the first time, in depth evidence for understanding GS and presents multi-omics biomarkers with prognostic significance. Further therapeutic translation should based on current findings to benefit GS patients.

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19

Mukherjee, Arghya Kusum. "Empowerment through government subsidized microfinance program." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2013-0036.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to see whether the government subsidized microfinance program has been able to expand physical, economic, political and socio-cultural spaces across castes, creeds and religious beliefs. Design/methodology/approach – The District of Murshidabad, West Bengal, India has been chosen as field of investigation. Initial survey was conducted in 2006. Same households were resurveyed in 2008. Therefore, the data are two period panel data. During survey a stratification was done according to socio-cultural status. To remove unobserved heterogenity, difference in difference method has been applied. Findings – The program has been found to succeed in impacting upon physical, economic and political components of empowerment, but has failed to expand socio-cultural spaces of four socio-religious communities (SRCs) namely, upper castes, other backward castes, schedule castes (SCs) and Muslims (Ms). This study also examines the impact of the program on different measures of empowerment across SRCs, and shows that program participation has significant impact on the likelihood of empowerment for members of UC community. Research limitations/implications – Participation in SGSY program enable women to negotiate gender barriers, increase their control over their own lives, and improve their relative position in their households, though to some extent. But we do not mean to suggest that participation in SHGs is the only panacea to gender subordination. The authors acknowledge the need for consciousness raising, organizing and struggling for women’s right for women empowerment. Originality/value – There is hardly any study measuring the empowerment potential of microfinance program across SRCs.

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20

Butel, Nicolas, Ivan Le Masson, Nathalie Bouteiller, Hervé Vaucheret, and Taline Elmayan. "sgs1 : a neomorphic nac52 allele impairing post-transcriptional gene silencing through SGS3 downregulation." Plant Journal 90, no. 3 (March 30, 2017): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13508.

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21

Girman, S. V., and R. D. Lund. "Most Superficial Sublamina of Rat Superior Colliculus: Neuronal Response Properties and Correlates With Perceptual Figure–Ground Segregation." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 1 (July 2007): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00059.2007.

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The uppermost layer (stratum griseum superficiale, SGS) of the superior colliculus (SC) provides an important gateway from the retina to the visual extrastriate and visuomotor systems. The majority of attention has been given to the role of this “visual” SC in saccade generation and target selection and it is generally considered to be less important in visual perception. We have found, however, that in the rat SGS1, the most superficial division of the SGS, the neurons perform very sophisticated analysis of visual information. First, in studying their responses with a variety of flashing stimuli we found that the neurons respond not to brightness changes per se, but to the appearance and/or disappearance of visual shapes in their receptive fields (RFs). Contrary to conventional RFs of neurons at the early stages of visual processing, the RFs in SGS1 cannot be described in terms of fixed spatial distribution of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Second, SGS1 neurons showed robust orientation tuning to drifting gratings and orientation-specific modulation of the center response from surround. These are features previously seen only in visual cortical neurons and are considered to be involved in “contour” perception and figure–ground segregation. Third, responses of SGS1 neurons showed complex dynamics; typically the response tuning became progressively sharpened with repetitive grating periods. We conclude that SGS1 neurons are involved in considerably more complex analysis of retinal input than was previously thought. SGS1 may participate in early stages of figure–ground segregation and have a role in low-resolution nonconscious vision as encountered after visual decortication.

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22

Gangloff, S., C. Soustelle, and F. Fabre. "Sgs1 et Sgs2 : des hélicases au carrefour de la réplication et de la recombinaison ?" médecine/sciences 16, no. 10 (2000): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/1532.

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23

BOU-ZEID, ELIE, CHAD HIGGINS, HENDRIK HUWALD, CHARLES MENEVEAU, and MARC B. PARLANGE. "Field study of the dynamics and modelling of subgrid-scale turbulence in a stable atmospheric surface layer over a glacier." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 665 (November 10, 2010): 480–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010004015.

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A field experiment – the Snow Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (SnoHATS) – has been performed over an extensive glacier in Switzerland in order to study small-scale turbulence in the stable atmospheric surface layer, and to investigate the role, dynamics and modelling of the subgrid scales (SGSs) in the context of large-eddy simulations. Thea prioridata analysis aims at comparing the role and behaviour of the SGSs under stable conditions with previous studies under neutral or unstable conditions. It is found that the SGSs in a stable surface layer remain an important sink of temperature variance and turbulent kinetic energy from the resolved scales and carry a significant portion of the fluxes when the filter scale is larger than the distance to the wall. The fraction of SGS fluxes (out of the total fluxes) is found to be independent of stability. In addition, the stress–strain alignment is similar to the alignment under neutral and unstable conditions. The model coefficients vary considerably with stability but in a manner consistent with previous findings, which also showed that scale-dependent dynamic models can capture this variation. Furthermore, the variation of the coefficients for both momentum and heat SGS fluxes can be shown to be better explained by stability parameters based on vertical gradients, rather than vertical fluxes. These findings suggest that small-scale turbulence dynamics and SGS modelling under stable conditions share many important properties with neutral and convective conditions, and that a unified approach is thus possible. This paper concludes with a discussion of some other challenges for stable boundary-layer simulations that are not encountered in the neutral or unstable cases.

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24

Mourrain, Philippe, Christophe Béclin, Taline Elmayan, Frank Feuerbach, Christian Godon, Jean-Benoit Morel, David Jouette, et al. "Arabidopsis SGS2 and SGS3 Genes Are Required for Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing and Natural Virus Resistance." Cell 101, no. 5 (May 2000): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80863-6.

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25

Agwa, Ahmed M., Salah K. Elsayed, and Ehab E. Elattar. "Extracting the Parameters of Three-Diode Model of Photovoltaics Using Barnacles Mating Optimizer." Symmetry 14, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081569.

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Modeling of solar generating systems (SGSs) is necessary for recognizing their performance under various conditions of solar irradiance, temperature, and loading. There are nine unbeknown parameters (UPs) in the three-diode model (3-DM); if they are accurately determined, it can exactly identify the real characteristics of SGSs. Parametrization of the 3-DM of SGSs is a nonlinear problem that can be solved via optimization due to its effectivity in determining the optimal parameters to a variety of symmetrical and asymmetrical problems with nonlinearity. Root-mean-squared errors amongst measured and extracted electric current points are the fitness functions to be minimized. The main contributions of this article are the innovative utilization of the barnacles mating optimization algorithm (BMOA) for precise parametrizing of the 3-DM of SGSs and the experimental validation of the SGS. The optimization procedure is based on real measurements of I/V at specific circumstances, in which BMOA is employed to identify the nine UPs of 3-DM of SGSs. Two SGSs are under study, the first of which (Kyocera KC200GT) is widely utilized in the literature for performing comparisons, and the second (Copex P-120) is experimentally set up during different sun irradiances and temperatures. The results of BMOA emphasize its preference over other optimizers for identifying the nine UPs of 3-DM of SGSs.

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26

Chen, Ben, Hui Chen, Meng Li, Sebastian Fiedler, Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint, Arkadiusz Nowak, Karsten Wesche, Britta Tietjen, and Jianshuang Wu. "Climate Sensitivity of the Arid Scrublands on the Tibetan Plateau Mediated by Plant Nutrient Traits and Soil Nutrient Availability." Remote Sensing 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 4601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184601.

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Climate models predict the further intensification of global warming in the future. Drylands, as one of the most fragile ecosystems, are vulnerable to changes in temperature, precipitation, and drought extremes. However, it is still unclear how plant traits interact with soil properties to regulate drylands’ responses to seasonal and interannual climate change. The vegetation sensitivity index (VSI) of desert scrubs in the Qaidam Basin (NE Tibetan Plateau) was assessed by summarizing the relative contributions of temperature (SGST), precipitation (SGSP), and drought (temperature vegetation dryness index, STVDI) to the dynamics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during plant growing months yearly from 2000 to 2015. Nutrient contents, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in topsoils and leaves of plants, were measured for seven types of desert scrub communities at 22 sites in the summer of 2016. Multiple linear and structural equation models were used to reveal how leaf and soil nutrient regimes affect desert scrubs’ sensitivity to climate variability. The results showed that total soil nitrogen (STN) and leaf carbon content (LC), respectively, explained 25.9% and 17.0% of the VSI variance across different scrub communities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that STN and total soil potassium (STK) mediated desert scrub’s VSI indirectly via SGST (with standardized path strength of −0.35 and +0.32, respectively) while LC indirectly via SGST and SGSP (with standardized path strength of −0.31 and −0.19, respectively). Neither soil nor leave nutrient contents alone could explain the VSI variance across different sites, except for the indirect influences of STN and STK via STVDI (−0.18 and 0.16, respectively). Overall, this study disentangled the relative importance of plant nutrient traits and soil nutrient availability in mediating the climatic sensitivity of desert scrubs in the Tibetan Plateau. Integrating soil nutrient availability with plant functional traits together is recommended to better understand the mechanisms behind dryland dynamics under global climate change.

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27

Feng, Yulin, Zilong Wang, Xi Zuo, and Guoying Gao. "Electronic phase transition, spin filtering effect, and spin Seebeck effect in 2D high-spin-polarized VSi₂X₄ (X = N, P, As)." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 9 (February 28, 2022): 092405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086990.

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Spin gapless semiconductors (SGSs) and bipolar magnetic semiconductors (BMSs) are highly desirable for advanced spintronic applications due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties. Being inspired by the recent synthesis of the 2D MA2X4 family with various electronic properties, including nontrivial topological properties, 2D ferromagnetism, Ising superconductivity, and robust valley polarization, we systematically studied the electron structure, magnetism, and spin transport properties for VSi2X4 (X = N, P, As) monolayers by the density functional theory combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. The results show that VSi2X4 monolayers are ferromagnetic type-II SGS and BMS with high Curie temperatures 230–250 K. The interesting electronic phase transitions of type-II-SGS-to-metal-to-type-I-SGS for VSi2P4 and BMS-to-type-I-SGS-to-type-II-SGS for VSi2As4 can be achieved by applying the biaxial strain. Furthermore, the VSi2P4 monolayer exhibits the bias-dependent spin filtering effect and the temperature-driven spin Seebeck effect. The high Curie temperature, the versatile strain-tuned electronic phase transitions, and the excellent spin transport characteristics make 2D VSi2X4 the promising candidate for spintronic applications and will stimulate intensive studies on this class of high-spin-polarized 2D systems.

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28

Fan, Xiaoguang, Jincheng Li, and Yingjiu Jin. "Effects of strain on the half-metallicity and spin gapless feature of Ti2YSi (Y = Fe, Co) alloys." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 14 (May 20, 2018): 1850153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918501531.

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Half-metals and spin gapless semiconductors (SGSs), which exhibit 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level, are considered important candidates for spintronics. Using first-principles calculations, we have investigated the effects of uniform strain and tetragonal distortion on the half-metallicity and spin gapless feature of inverse Heusler Ti2YSi (Y = Fe and Co) alloys. Results show that for uniform strains, the half-metallicity occurs in the ranges of lattice parameters from 5.938 Å to 6.535 Å for Ti2FeSi and from 5.924 Å to 6.840 Å for Ti2CoSi. Tetragonal distortions over the ranges of −2.0% to +2.5% and −2.6% to +4.1% could destroy the half-metallicity for Ti2FeSi and Ti2CoSi, respectively. On the other hand, Ti2CoSi is an SGS at lattice constants of 5.968–6.023 Å. An interesting finding is that Ti2CoSi reproduces the SGS character with increasing the lattice parameters to 6.784–6.840 Å. Small tetragonal distortions with ±0.2% will destroy the SGS character of Ti2CoSi.

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29

Mazurek, Adam, Krzysztof Malinowski, Kenneth Rosenfield, Laura Capoccia, Francesco Speziale, Gianmarco de Donato, Carlo Setacci, et al. "Clinical Outcomes of Second- versus First-Generation Carotid Stents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 4819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164819.

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Background: Single-cohort studies suggest that second-generation stents (SGS; “mesh stents”) may improve carotid artery stenting (CAS) outcomes by limiting peri- and postprocedural cerebral embolism. SGS differ in the stent frame construction, mesh material, and design, as well as in mesh-to-frame position (inside/outside). Objectives: To compare clinical outcomes of SGS in relation to first-generation stents (FGSs; single-layer) in CAS. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies with FGSs and SGS (PRISMA methodology, 3302 records). Endpoints were 30-day death, stroke, myocardial infarction (DSM), and 12-month ipsilateral stroke (IS) and restenosis (ISR). A random-effect model was applied. Results: Data of 68,422 patients from 112 eligible studies (68.2% men, 44.9% symptomatic) were meta-analyzed. Thirty-day DSM was 1.30% vs. 4.11% (p < 0.01, data for SGS vs. FGS). Among SGS, both Casper/Roadsaver and CGuard reduced 30-day DSM (by 2.78 and 3.03 absolute percent, p = 0.02 and p < 0.001), whereas the Gore stent was neutral. SGSs significantly improved outcomes compared with closed-cell FGS (30-day stroke 0.6% vs. 2.32%, p = 0.014; DSM 1.3% vs. 3.15%, p < 0.01). At 12 months, in relation to FGS, Casper/Roadsaver reduced IS (−3.25%, p < 0.05) but increased ISR (+3.19%, p = 0.04), CGuard showed a reduction in both IS and ISR (−3.13%, −3.63%; p = 0.01, p < 0.01), whereas the Gore stent was neutral. Conclusions: Pooled SGS use was associated with improved short- and long-term clinical results of CAS. Individual SGS types, however, differed significantly in their outcomes, indicating a lack of a “mesh stent” class effect. Findings from this meta-analysis may provide clinically relevant information in anticipation of large-scale randomized trials.

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Peragine, A. "SGS3 and SGS2/SDE1/RDR6 are required for juvenile development and the production of trans-acting siRNAs in Arabidopsis." Genes & Development 18, no. 19 (September 15, 2004): 2368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1231804.

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Kokusho, Takuma, Hiroki Torii, Hidehiro Kaneda, Yasuo Fukui, and Kengo Tachihara. "Properties of Star Formation of the Large Magellanic Cloud As Probed by Young Stellar Objects." Astrophysical Journal 953, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace10e.

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Abstract We perform a systematic study of the evolutionary stages and stellar masses of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to investigate the properties of star formation in the galaxy. There are 4825 sources in our YSO sample, which are constructed by combining the previous studies identifying YSOs in the LMC. Spectral energy distributions of the YSOs from optical to infrared wavelengths were fitted with a model consisting of stellar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and dust emissions. We utilize the stellar-to-dust luminosity ratios thus derived to study the evolutionary stages of the sources; younger YSOs are expected to show lower stellar-to-dust luminosity ratios. We find that most of the YSOs are associated with the interstellar gas across the galaxy, which are younger with more gas, suggesting that more recent star formation is associated with larger amounts of the interstellar medium (ISM). N157 shows a hint of higher stellar-to-dust luminosity ratios between active star-forming regions in the LMC, suggesting that recent star formation in N157 is possibly in later evolutionary stages. We also find that the stellar mass function tends to be bottom-heavy in supergiant shells (SGSs), indicating that gas compression by SGSs may be ineffective in compressing the ISM enough to trigger massive star formation. There is no significant difference in the stellar mass function between YSOs likely associated with the interface between colliding SGSs and those with a single SGS, suggesting that gas compression by collisions between SGSs may also be ineffective for massive star formation.

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Wang, Xiaotian, Zhenxiang Cheng, Guodong Liu, Xuefang Dai, Rabah Khenata, Liying Wang, and Abdelmadjid Bouhemadou. "Rare earth-based quaternary Heusler compoundsMCoVZ(M= Lu, Y;Z= Si, Ge) with tunable band characteristics for potential spintronic applications." IUCrJ 4, no. 6 (October 6, 2017): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252517013264.

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Magnetic Heusler compounds (MHCs) have recently attracted great attention since these types of material provide novel functionalities in spintronic and magneto-electronic devices. Among the MHCs, some compounds have been predicted to be spin-filter semiconductors [also called magnetic semiconductors (MSs)], spin-gapless semiconductors (SGSs) or half-metals (HMs). In this work, by means of first-principles calculations, it is demonstrated that rare earth-based equiatomic quaternary Heusler (EQH) compounds with the formulaMCoVZ(M= Lu, Y;Z= Si, Ge) are new spin-filter semiconductors with total magnetic moments of 3 µB. Furthermore, under uniform strain, there are physical transitions from spin-filter semiconductor (MS) → SGS → HM for EQH compounds with the formula LuCoVZ, and from HM → SGS → MS → SGS → HM for EQH compounds with the formula YCoVZ. Remarkably, for YCoVZEQH compounds there are not only diverse physical transitions, but also different types of spin-gapless feature that can be observed with changing lattice constants. The structural stability of these four EQH compounds is also examined from the points of view of formation energy, cohesive energy and mechanical behaviour. This work is likely to inspire consideration of rare earth-based EQH compounds for application in future spintronic and magneto-electronic devices.

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Daadaa, Mouna, Stephan Brettschneider, Christophe Volat, and Guy Simard. "Numerical Investigation of the Use of Electrically Conductive Concrete-Encased Electrodes as Potential Replacement for Substation Grounding Systems." Energies 16, no. 11 (May 30, 2023): 4410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114410.

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This paper presents a numerical investigation regarding the possibility of using electrically conductive concrete (ECON) combined with concrete-encased electrode (CEE) technology to develop new substation grounding systems (SGSs) called ECON-EE as a replacement for conventional copper or galvanized steel grounding grids. In the first step, the validation of the commercial FEM software used to perform grounding system analysis was performed in terms of the grid resistance (RG), ground potential rise (GPR), and step and touch voltages, using a symmetrical 70 m × 70 m conventional copper SGS. Next, several numerical simulations of an ECON-EE grounding system with the same dimensions as the conventional copper grid used for FEM software validation were performed. Thus, several parameters of the ECON-EE grounding system were studied, such as the geometry, dimensions, and resistivity of ECON and the diameter of the rebar. The numerical results obtained permit us to demonstrate that ECON-EE grounding systems can perform better than conventional SGSs equipped with vertical rods, particularly in the case of high ground resistivity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the two main ECON-EE parameters affecting the grounding resistance and the touch and step voltages are the section area and the resistivity of the ECON. As discussed in detail in this paper, the proposed ECON-EE grounding system can offer several advantages compared to conventional SGSs in terms of efficiency and durability, as well as in terms of simplicity of conception and implementation.

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Gearon, James H., Cornel Olariu, and Ronald J. Steel. "The supply-generated sequence: A unified sequence-stratigraphic model for closed lacustrine sedimentary basins with evidence from the Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 92, no. 9 (September 20, 2022): 813–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.096.

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Abstract Closed lakes and oceans are stratigraphically distinct systems. However, closed-lake stratigraphy is often interpreted using conventional sequence stratigraphic concepts which were generated for marine settings. As a consequence, lacustrine stratigraphy has long been vexing and applied on an ad-hoc basis. To remedy this, we present a novel, unified sequence stratigraphic model for hydrologically closed (endorheic) basins: the Supply-Generated Sequence (SGS) Model. This model was generated to interpret our outcrop-based correlation—the largest to date at ∼ 30 km—across the Sunnyside Interval member of the middle Green River Formation in Nine Mile Canyon near Price, Utah, USA. The SGS model is based on the fundamental sedimentological and hydrodynamic differences between closed lakes and marine settings wherein the relationship between water discharge and sediment discharge is highly correlated. The SGS model divides packages of genetic lacustrine strata by bounding correlative surfaces, conformable or unconformable, separating facies and surfaces associated with low clastic supply (e.g., carbonates, mudstones, or exposure surfaces) from facies characteristic of relatively higher amounts of clastic supply (subaerial channelized sandstones, subaqueous siltstones, and pedogenic mudstones). We use the SGS model to correlate regional sequences at a higher resolution than previous interpretations and find the greatest amount of clastic deposition occurs during periods of lake-level rise, indicating that the SGSs are characteristically transgressive. Additionally, this model removes the implicit and explicit base-level assumptions of previous sequence stratigraphic models while being agnostic to the source of increased sediment discharge and therefore generalizable to other closed lacustrine settings. We use the high-resolution supply-generated sequences (meters thick) to argue for a climatic origin of the cyclic Sunnyside interval deposits based on sequence durations (40–50 kyr), and aligning sequences with recognized early Eocene transitory hyperthermal event timing and their associated climatic shifts across the region, increasing riverine discharge of sediment and water.

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Muangsan, Nooduan, Christophe Beclin, Herve Vaucheret, and Dominique Robertson. "Geminivirus VIGS of endogenous genes requires SGS2/SDE1 and SGS3 and defines a new branch in the genetic pathway for silencing in plants." Plant Journal 38, no. 6 (June 2004): 1004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02103.x.

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Rani, Deepika, Devendra K. Pandey, Yuta Kimura, Rie Y. Umetsu, and Ratnamala Chatterjee. "Structural, magnetic, and transport properties of epitaxial thin films of equiatomic quaternary CoFeCrGa Heusler alloy." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 19 (November 21, 2022): 193907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127548.

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We present the first report on the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of epitaxial thin films of equiatomic quaternary CoFeCrGa, grown on a single crystal MgO(001) substrate. From the structure and surface morphology analyses, we have shown that the films grown are ordered, epitaxial, and homogeneous. Magnetic measurements confirm the soft ferromagnetic nature of the film along the in-plane direction with a coercivity of 4.6 Oe. The resistivity measurements indicate semiconducting nature with a very low temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) value, suggesting an almost temperature independent resistivity, similar to other reported spin-gapless semiconductors (SGSs) among the Heusler alloys. A non-saturating, quantum linear magnetoresistance is observed even in high fields of up to 12 kOe, another prerequisite for gapless materials. Hall measurements are also performed, and a detailed analysis has been carried out to estimate the ordinary and anomalous Hall contributions. The conductivity value ([Formula: see text]) at 300 K is found to be 4280 S cm[Formula: see text], which is comparable with the other reported SGS materials. We have also studied the effect of L2[Formula: see text] and B2 type disorder on the electronic properties based on the first principle calculations and found that the SGS nature in CoFeCrGa is quite robust against the Co–Fe swap disorder (L2[Formula: see text] disorder); however, with swap disorder ([Formula: see text]%) between Cr and Ga sites, the system transits from SGS to half-metallic state. All these results indicate the possibility of spin-gapless semiconducting nature in the CoFeCrGa film, making it highly suitable for spin-based device applications.

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Chen, Zongbin, Habib Rozale, Yongchun Gao, and Heju Xu. "Strain Control of the Tunable Physical Nature of a Newly Designed Quaternary Spintronic Heusler Compound ScFeRhP." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091581.

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Recently, an increasing number of rare-earth-based equiatomic quaternary compounds have been reported as promising novel spintronic materials. The rare-earth-based equiatomic quaternary compounds can be magnetic semiconductors (MSs), spin-gapless semiconductors (SGSs), and half-metals (HMs). Using first-principle calculations, we investigated the crystal structure, density of states, band structure, and magnetic properties of a new rare-earth-based equiatomic quaternary Heusler (EQH) compound, ScFeRhP. The results demonstrated that ScFeRhP is a HM at its equilibrium lattice constant, with a total magnetic moment per unit cell of 1 μB. Furthermore, upon introduction of a uniform strain, the physical state of this compound changes with the following transitions: non-magnetic-semiconductor-(NMS) → MS → SGS → HM → metal. We believe that these results will inspire further studies on other rare-earth-based EQH compounds for spintronic applications.

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Turhan, Evren. "An Investigation on the Effect of Outliers for Flood Frequency Analysis: The Case of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, Turkey." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416558.

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Flood frequency analysis is accepted as one of the most important applications of water resource engineering. Measurements with higher and lower values, such as outliers, can be seen in hydrological data sets based on longer observation periods that extend the overall range. This study used 50 and 25 years of annual maximum flow data from 1962 to 2011 and from 1987 to 2011 from the Stream Gauging Stations (SGS) numbered 1712, 1717, and 1721 located within the borders of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. The flood discharges were estimated using Normal, Gumbel, and Pearson Type III probability distributions. The study adopted Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) and Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests to investigate the suitability of probability distribution functions. The maximum flow rates were obtained by utilizing Normal distribution in the 2-year and 5-year return periods for the flood values calculated with the raw data; however, after the modification of the outliers, maximum flood discharges were estimated by adopting the Pearson Type III function. While the maximum discharges for the 1717 SGS were determined using the Gumbel distribution, the Pearson Type III distribution function was utilized for the 1712 and 1721 SGSs. As a result of the K-S and Chi-squared tests, it was determined that adjustment of the outliers resulted in positive goodness-of-fit results with the Pearson Type III function.

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Kumakura, Naoyoshi, Atsushi Takeda, Yoichiro Fujioka, Hiroyasu Motose, Ryo Takano, and Yuichiro Watanabe. "SGS3 and RDR6 interact and colocalize in cytoplasmic SGS3/RDR6-bodies." FEBS Letters 583, no. 8 (March 28, 2009): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2009.03.055.

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Chierici, Andrea, Donato de Girolamo, Guido Guizzunti, Stefano Longo, Gaetano Maron, Barbara Martelli, Cristina Vistoli, Stefano Zani, Gastone Castellani, and Enrico Giampieri. "SGSI project at CNAF." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 08017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921408017.

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The Italian Tier1 center is mainly focused on LHC and physics experiments in general. Recently we tried to widen our area of activity and established a collaboration with the University of Bologna to set-up an area inside our computing center for hosting experiments with high demands of security and privacy requirements on stored data. The first experiment we are going to host is Harmony, a project part of IMI’s Big Data for Better Outcomes programme (IMI stands for Innovative Medicines Initiative). In order to be able to accept this kind of data we had to make a subset of our computing center compliant with the ISO 27001 regulation. In this article we will describe the SGSI project (Sistema Gestione Sicurezza Informazioni, Information Security Management System) with details of all the processes we have been through in order to become ISO 27001 compliant, with a particular focus on the separation of the project dedicated resources from all the others hosted in the center. We will also describe the software solutions adopted to allow this project to accept in the future any experiment or collaboration in need for this kind of security procedures.

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Davies, S., J. Castañer, and R. M. Castañer. "SGS-742." Drugs of the Future 30, no. 3 (2005): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2005.030.03.889852.

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Klein, Hannah L., and Lorraine S. Symington. "Sgs1—The Maestro of Recombination." Cell 149, no. 2 (April 2012): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.020.

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43

Han, Seunggu J., Isaac Yang, Jose J. Otero, Brian J. Ahn, Tarik Tihan, Michael W. McDermott, Mitchel S. Berger, Susan M. Chang, and Andrew T. Parsa. "Secondary gliosarcoma after diagnosis of glioblastoma: clinical experience with 30 consecutive patients." Journal of Neurosurgery 112, no. 5 (May 2010): 990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.9.jns09931.

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Object Gliosarcoma can arise secondarily, after conventional adjuvant treatment of high-grade glioma. The current literature on the occurrence of secondary gliosarcoma (SGS) after glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is limited, with only 12 reported cases. The authors present a large series of histologically confirmed SGSs, with follow-up to describe the clinical and radiological presentation, pathological diagnosis, and treatment outcomes. Methods Gliosarcoma cases were identified using the University of California, San Francisco's Departments of Neurological Surgery and Neuropathology databases. Through a retrospective chart review, cases of gliosarcoma were considered SGS if the following inclusion criteria were met: 1) the patient had a previously diagnosed intracranial malignant glioma that did not have gliosarcoma components; and 2) the histopathological tissue diagnosis of the recurrence confirmed gliosarcoma according to the most current WHO criteria. Extensive review of clinical, surgical, and pathology notes was performed to gather clinical and pathological data on these cases. Results Thirty consecutive patients in whom SGS had been diagnosed between 1996 and 2008 were included in the analysis. All patients had previously received a diagnosis of malignant glioma. For the initial malignant glioma, all patients underwent resection, and 25 patients received both external-beam radiation and chemotherapy. Three patients received radiotherapy alone, 1 patient was treated with chemotherapy alone, and 1 patient's tumor rapidly recurred as gliosarcoma, requiring surgical intervention prior to initiation of adjuvant therapy. The median time from diagnosis of the initial tumor to diagnosis of gliosarcoma was 8.5 months (range 0.5–25 months). All but 1 patient (who only had a biopsy) underwent a second operation for gliosarcoma; 8 patients went on to receive radiotherapy (4 had brachytherapy, 3 had external-beam radiation, and 1 had Gamma Knife surgery); and 14 patients received additional chemotherapy. The median length of survival from the time of gliosarcoma diagnosis was 4.4 months (range 0.7–46 months). The median survival from the time of the original GBM diagnosis was 12.6 months (range 5.7–47.4 months). Patients who had received concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide for GBM had worse outcomes than those who had not (4.3 and 10.5 months, respectively; p = 0.045). There was no difference in time to diagnosis of gliosarcoma in these 2 groups (8 and 8.5 months; p = 0.387). Two patients who had not received radiation therapy for GBM had an anecdotally very prolonged survival (20.9 and 46.4 months). Conclusions The data underscore the difficulty associated with management of this disease. The strikingly poor survival of patients with SGS who had previously received combined radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy for GBM may reflect a unique molecular profile of GBM that eventually recurs as SGS. Further work will be required, controlling for multiple prognostic factors with larger numbers of patients.

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Rajamäki, Minna-Liisa, Janne Streng, and Jari P. T. Valkonen. "Silencing Suppressor Protein VPg of a Potyvirus Interacts With the Plant Silencing-Related Protein SGS3." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 11 (November 2014): 1199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-04-14-0109-r.

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Viral genome-linked protein (VPg) of potyviruses is involved in multiple steps of the potyvirus infection cycle, including viral multiplication and movement in plants. Recently, we showed that VPg of Potato virus A (PVA; genus Potyvirus) suppresses sense-mediated RNA silencing, which is linked to one or both nuclear or nucleolar localization. Here, we studied interactions between VPg and components of the plant RNA silencing pathway. Results showed that VPg interacts with the SGS3 protein of Solanum tuberosum and Arabidopsis thaliana, as shown by yeast two-hybrid analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. VPg–SGS3 interactions co-localized with small cytoplasmic bodies that contained plant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) (likely SGS3/RDR6 bodies). The N-terminal zinc finger (ZF) domain of SGS3 was the main determinant of the VPg interaction. Our data also suggest that the ZF domain controls SGS3 localization. SGS3 homodimerization was controlled by multiple protein regions. The VPg–SGS3 interaction appeared beneficial for PVA, as viral RNA levels correlated positively with sgs3 mRNA levels in the SGS3-silenced and SGS3-overexpressing leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The data support the idea that VPg acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing and suggest that an interaction with SGS3 may be important, especially in suppression of sense-mediated RNA silencing.

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Mullen, Janet R., Vivek Kaliraman, and Steven J. Brill. "Bipartite Structure of the SGS1 DNA Helicase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 154, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 1101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.3.1101.

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Abstract SGS1 in yeast encodes a DNA helicase with homology to the human BLM and WRN proteins. This group of proteins is characterized by a highly conserved DNA helicase domain homologous to Escherichia coli RecQ and a large N-terminal domain of unknown function. To determine the role of these domains in SGS1 function, we constructed a series of truncation and helicase-defective (-hd) alleles and examined their ability to complement several sgs1 phenotypes. Certain SGS1 alleles showed distinct phenotypes: sgs1-hd failed to complement the MMS hypersensitivity and hyper-recombination phenotypes, but partially complemented the slow-growth suppression of top3 sgs1 strains and the top1 sgs1 growth defect. Unexpectedly, an allele that encodes the amino terminus alone showed essentially complete complementation of the hyper-recombination and top1 sgs1 defects. In contrast, an allele encoding the helicase domain alone was unable to complement any sgs1 phenotype. Small truncations of the N terminus resulted in hyperrecombination and slow-growth phenotypes in excess of the null allele. These hypermorphic phenotypes could be relieved by deleting more of the N terminus, or in some cases, by a point mutation in the helicase domain. Intragenic complementation experiments demonstrate that both the amino terminus and the DNA helicase are required for full SGS1 function. We conclude that the amino terminus of Sgs1 has an essential role in SGS1 function, distinct from that of the DNA helicase, with which it genetically interacts.

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McVey, Mitch, Matt Kaeberlein, Heidi A. Tissenbaum, and Leonard Guarente. "The Short Life Span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sgs1 and srs2 Mutants Is a Composite of Normal Aging Processes and Mitotic Arrest Due to Defective Recombination." Genetics 157, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.4.1531.

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Abstract Evidence from many organisms indicates that the conserved RecQ helicases function in the maintenance of genomic stability. Mutation of SGS1 and WRN, which encode RecQ homologues in budding yeast and humans, respectively, results in phenotypes characteristic of premature aging. Mutation of SRS2, another DNA helicase, causes synthetic slow growth in an sgs1 background. In this work, we demonstrate that srs2 mutants have a shortened life span similar to sgs1 mutants. Further dissection of the sgs1 and srs2 survival curves reveals two distinct phenomena. A majority of sgs1 and srs2 cells stops dividing stochastically as large-budded cells. This mitotic cell cycle arrest is age independent and requires the RAD9-dependent DNA damage checkpoint. Late-generation sgs1 and srs2 cells senesce due to apparent premature aging, most likely involving the accumulation of extrachromosomal rDNA circles. Double sgs1 srs2 mutants are viable but have a high stochastic rate of terminal G2/M arrest. This arrest can be suppressed by mutations in RAD51, RAD52, and RAD57, suggesting that the cell cycle defect in sgs1 srs2 mutants results from inappropriate homologous recombination. Finally, mutation of RAD1 or RAD50 exacerbates the growth defect of sgs1 srs2 cells, indicating that sgs1 srs2 mutants may utilize single-strand annealing as an alternative repair pathway.

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Cohen, Matan, and Michael Lichten. "C-Terminal HA Tags Compromise Function and Exacerbate Phenotypes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bloom’s Helicase Homolog Sgs1 SUMOylation-Associated Mutants." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 8 (June 15, 2020): 2811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401324.

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The Sgs1 helicase and Top3-Rmi1 decatenase form a complex that affects homologous recombination outcomes during the mitotic cell cycle and during meiosis. Previous studies have reported that Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 function is regulated by SUMOylation that is catalyzed by the Smc5-Smc6-Mms21 complex. These studies used strains in which SGS1 was C-terminally tagged with three or six copies of a human influenza hemagglutinin-derived epitope tag (3HA and 6HA). They identified SGS1 mutants that affect its SUMOylation, which we will refer to as SGS1 SUMO-site mutants. In previous work, these mutants showed phenotypes consistent with substantial loss of Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 function during the mitotic cell cycle. We find that the reported phenotypes are largely due to the presence of the HA epitope tags. Untagged SGS1 SUMO-site mutants show either wild-type or weak hypomorphic phenotypes, depending on the assay. These phenotypes are exacerbated by both 6HA and 3HA epitope tags in two different S. cerevisiae strain backgrounds. Importantly, a C-terminal 6HA tag confers strong hypomorphic or null phenotypes on an otherwise wild-type Sgs1 protein. Taken together, these results suggest that the HA epitope tags used in previous studies seriously compromise Sgs1 function. Furthermore, they raise the possibilities either that sufficient SUMOylation of the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 complex might still occur in the SUMO-site mutants isolated, or that Smc5-Smc6-Mms21-mediated SUMOylation plays a minor role in the regulation of Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 during recombination.

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Monier, Manon, Isabelle Nuez, Flora Borne, and Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo. "Higher evolutionary dynamics of gene copy number for Drosophila glue genes located near short repeat sequences." BMC Ecology and Evolution 24, no. 1 (February 2, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02178-y.

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Abstract Background During evolution, genes can experience duplications, losses, inversions and gene conversions. Why certain genes are more dynamic than others is poorly understood. Here we examine how several Sgs genes encoding glue proteins, which make up a bioadhesive that sticks the animal during metamorphosis, have evolved in Drosophila species. Results We examined high-quality genome assemblies of 24 Drosophila species to study the evolutionary dynamics of four glue genes that are present in D. melanogaster and are part of the same gene family - Sgs1, Sgs3, Sgs7 and Sgs8 - across approximately 30 millions of years. We annotated a total of 102 Sgs genes and grouped them into 4 subfamilies. We present here a new nomenclature for these Sgs genes based on protein sequence conservation, genomic location and presence/absence of internal repeats. Two types of glue genes were uncovered. The first category (Sgs1, Sgs3x, Sgs3e) showed a few gene losses but no duplication, no local inversion and no gene conversion. The second group (Sgs3b, Sgs7, Sgs8) exhibited multiple events of gene losses, gene duplications, local inversions and gene conversions. Our data suggest that the presence of short “new glue” genes near the genes of the latter group may have accelerated their dynamics. Conclusions Our comparative analysis suggests that the evolutionary dynamics of glue genes is influenced by genomic context. Our molecular, phylogenetic and comparative analysis of the four glue genes Sgs1, Sgs3, Sgs7 and Sgs8 provides the foundation for investigating the role of the various glue genes during Drosophila life.

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Sarkar, Susmita, and Mahesh Kumar. "A Critical Assessment of the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojagar Yojana (SGSY) in India." International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (May 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v3i3.100.

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The present study is a critical assessment of Swarnajayanti Gram SwarojagarYojana (SGSY), a national level anti-poverty program of government of India with regard to poverty eradication and women's empowerment. Though SGSY scheme focuses only on poverty reduction and does not have explicit gender equality objectives, however more number of women members and women Self-help groups are encouraged to be linked with this program than men. The Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, constituted a committee on credit related issues under SGSY to analyze the constraints in the adequate flow of credit to Self-help groups of SGSY and to suggest measures and strategies for promoting effective credit linkages to the SHGs and made two strategy of universalization coverage of SHGs assisted by bank credit and providing skills at least to one youth of a Below Poverty Line (BPL) family necessitates restructuring of SGSY.

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Borne, Flora, Rob J. Kulathinal, and Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo. "Glue Genes Are Subjected to Diverse Selective Forces during Drosophila Development." Genome Biology and Evolution 13, no. 12 (November 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab248.

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Abstract Molecular evolutionary studies usually focus on genes with clear roles in adult fitness or on developmental genes expressed at multiple time points during the life of the organism. Here, we examine the evolutionary dynamics of Drosophila glue genes, a set of eight genes tasked with a singular primary function during a specific developmental stage: the production of glue that allows animal pupa to attach to a substrate for several days during metamorphosis. Using phenotypic assays and available data from transcriptomics, PacBio genomes, and sequence variation from global populations, we explore the selective forces acting on glue genes within the cosmopolitan Drosophila melanogaster species and its five closely related species, D. simulans, D. sechellia, D. mauritiana, D. yakuba, and D. teissieri. We observe a three-fold difference in glue adhesion between the least and the most adhesive D. melanogaster strain, indicating a strong genetic component to phenotypic variation. These eight glue genes are among the most highly expressed genes in salivary glands yet they display no notable codon bias. New copies of Sgs3 and Sgs7 are found in D. yakuba and D. teissieri with the Sgs3 coding sequence evolving rapidly after duplication in the D. yakuba branch. Multiple sites along the various glue genes appear to be constrained. Our population genetics analysis in D. melanogaster suggests signals of local adaptive evolution for Sgs3, Sgs5, and Sgs5bis and traces of selective sweeps for Sgs1, Sgs3, Sgs7, and Sgs8. Our work shows that stage-specific genes can be subjected to various dynamic evolutionary forces.

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