Готові списки джерел за темами / Sewer sediments

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sewer sediments"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024
Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Sewer sediments":

1

Schellart, A., R. Veldkamp, M. Klootwijk, F. Clemens, S. Tait, R. Ashley, and C. Howes. "Detailed observation and measurement of sewer sediment erosion under aerobic and anaerobic conditions." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0070.

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A greater understanding of the erosion behaviour of sewer sediments is necessary in order to reliably estimate the amount and nature of the sewer sediments released from deposits in sewers and transported either to waste water treatment plants or discharged into the environment. Research has indicated that microbial activity in sediment can influence the physical release of sediment from in-pipe deposits. This paper reports on a series of erosion tests in which sewer sediments from different sewer networks are kept under different environmental conditions and their resistance to erosion is examined. The erosion tests are carried out under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and two temperatures, one representing ambient sewer temperatures and a lower temperature that significantly suppresses bacterial activity.
2

Tait, Simon J., Peter J. Rushforth, and Adrian J. Saul. "A laboratory study of the erosion and transport of cohesive-like sediment mixtures in sewers." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0040.

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Surveys of sewers in the UK have indicated that many sewer systems have significant in-sewer deposits. Many of these existing combined sewers have been constructed at such a gradient and experience such a range of hydraulic conditions that over a period of time they experience repeated phases of sediment deposition, erosion and transport. Deposition of sediment in sewers with its consequent loss of discharge capacity can lead to the surcharging of sewerage systems and the premature operation of combined sewer overflows. The sudden erosion and transport of large quantities of deposited in-sewer sediments during periods of increased flow can significantly contribute to the pollution load imposed on receiving water courses and sewerage treatment plants. It is therefore important not only to be able to estimate the hydraulic performance of sewers but also the conditions under which significant erosion of deposited sediments occur. This paper reports on the rationale behind and the initial results from a laboratory study which aims to investigate the erosion and transport of “cohesive-like” sediment mixtures in controlled laboratory conditions. The choice of the sediments used was aimed at representing the characteristics of sewer sediment mixtures found in the field. These deposits have been found to exhibit a significant degree of cohesion not found in previously studied granular sediment beds.
3

Schmitt, F., and C. F. Seyfried. "Sulfate Reduction in Sewer Sediments." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 8 (April 1, 1992): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0182.

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The Institute of Sanitation Engineering and Waste Management of the University of Hannover made investigations on sediments in sanitary sewers. These were aimed to assess how sediments influence the sewer environment, with regard especially to water quality, gas atmosphere and corrosion progress. The sulfate reduction from sediments could be determined. It was 82 % higher than the reduction rate of biofilm. A prediction of sulfate reduction with equations from biofilm theory is possible. The biologically active sediment layer for sulfate reduction has a thickness of 5 to 7.5 cm. The sulfide formation in a large sanitary sewer in Hannover depends only on water temperature with a correlation of 91 %.
4

Crabtree, R. W., R. Ashley, and R. Gent. "Mousetrap: modelling of real sewer sediment characteristics and attached pollutants." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 7 (April 1, 1995): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0197.

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A dynamic, pollutograph based sewer flow quality simulation model is an essential tool to aid in the control of intermittent pollution from combined sewer overflows (CSOs). Such a model can be used in conjunction with river impact models to provide an objective methodology for the control of intermittent sewage discharges. A new component to the MOUSE package has been developed, called MOUSETRAP, which is composed of a series of deterministic modules to represent the quality of surface run-off, sediment and pollutant transport within the pipe network, and the biological and chemical reactions within the sewer system. MOUSETRAP can be used to predict sewer flow quality and, hence, CSO spill concentrations and loads over time. The results of recent research into the behaviour of sediments and associated pollutants in sewers have shown that these aspects are crucial to the development of a reliable, deterministic sewer flow quality model. MOUSETRAP, by representing the physical and chemical characteristics and behaviour of real sewer sediment types has the ability to simulate storm event pollutographs incorporating first foul flush phenomena. MOUSETRAP achieves this by representing pollutants associated with dissolved phase liquid transport and pollutants associated with sediments including bed deposits, bed load and settleable suspended solids. The results of data collection are used to characterise sewer sediments and a theoretical basis for the modelling of sediments and sediment attached pollutants in MOUSETRAP is considered. Finally, the model default values for characteristics of the surface, deposited foul flow and in-pipe sediment types in MOUSETRAP are presented.
5

Luo, Yongpeng, Shenxu Bao, Siyuan Yang, Yimin Zhang, Yang Ping, Chao Lin, and Pan Yang. "Characterization, Spatial Variation and Management Strategy of Sewer Sediments Collected from Combined Sewer System: A Case Study in Longgang District, Shenzhen." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147687.

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In the urban drainage system, the formation of sewer sediments is inevitable, and the removal of sewer sediments is necessary for system maintenance. Disposal of arisings from sewer sediment removal is becoming a serious environmental issue. The current knowledge of sewer sediments is limited, which is restrained to sewer sediments management. To better understand this municipal waste, the sewer sediments of a combined sewer system in Longgang District, Shenzhen were collected and characterized, and the spatial distribution characteristics of contaminants were analyzed. Based on the bivariate correlation analysis, it is found that many contaminants in sewer sediments have a strong relationship with spatial variables. Compared to the sewer sediments in industrial areas, those in residential areas contain higher concentrations of Hg and phosphorus. The sediments in the sewage conduit also contain more organic matter (OM), phosphorus, Cu, and Ni, and the sediments in the rainwater conduit contain a higher concentration of Cd. Moreover, the sediments produced in different catchments also show huge differences in the content of contaminants. These spatial distribution characteristics may provide help for the further classification of sewer sediments, thereby making the disposal of sediments more targeted. According to the local standards of sludge disposal, land application and incineration are not suitable for managing sewer sediments due to the low OM content and poor lower heating value (LHV). Although sanitary landfill is feasible for sewer sediments disposal, the complicated composition of sewer sediments still poses the risk of polluting the surrounding environment. The management of sewer sediments via the production of building materials is a promising technical route that can avoid the migration of hazardous contaminants and produce valuable products. This study may improve our understanding of sewer sediments and provide a reliable recommendation for sewer sediment management.
6

Seco, I., M. Gómez Valentín, A. Schellart, and S. Tait. "Erosion resistance and behaviour of highly organic in-sewer sediment." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 3 (November 26, 2013): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.761.

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Reliable prediction of time-varying pollutant loads in combined sewer systems during storm periods can aid better management of the release of pollution into natural environments as well as enhancing storage tank design. Better understanding of the behaviour of sewer sediments is crucial for the development of models that adequately describe the transport of in-sewer solids and accurately predict the changes in pollutant concentration within combined sewers during storm events. This paper reports on the results of a test programme to examine the erosion of highly organic sewer sediment under the application of time-varying shear stress. The tests were carried out with and without supplying oxygen, and varying simulated dry-weather periods. The aim was to investigate the behaviour of real in-sewer sediment with a high organic content (around 80%) in an attempt to improve prediction of the transport rates under the particular Mediterranean conditions of long dry-period/build-up and intense rainfall/wash-off, and understand how this environment affects the erosional resistance and subsequent sediment release. Results have been compared with previous work on lower organic content sewer sediments and artificial organic sediment.
7

Crabtree, R., H. Garsdal, R. Gent, O. Mark, and J. Dórge. "MOUSETRAP — A DETERMINISTIC SEWER FLOW QUALITY MODEL." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0011.

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Recent research into the behaviour of sediments and associated pollutants in sewers has formed the foundation for a dynamic pollutograph-based sewer flow quality simulation model called MOUSETRAP. This is a new component to the MOUSE sewer system hydraulic modelling package. MOUSETRAP has been developed by an international consortium of sewer model developers and users to predict short term variations in sewer flow quality and sediment transport in response to storm events. MOUSETRAP is composed of a series of modules to represent: the quality of surface run off; sediment and pollutant transport, erosion and deposition within pipes; and the biological and chemical processes within the sewer system. By representing the current understanding of real sewer sediments, this new tool gives the user the capability to simulate storm event pollutographs incorporating first foul flush phenomena. The paper describes the basis of the new MOUSETRAP modules. Results of initial theoretical testing and pilot study applications are presented to illustrate the model's capabilities and potential for use in the management of urban wastewater discharges.
8

Ashley, R. M., D. J. J. Wotherspoon, M. J. Goodison, I. McGregor, and B. P. Coghlan. "The Deposition and Erosion of Sediments in Sewers." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1992): 1283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0571.

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The problems caused by sediments in sewers are now universally acknowledged. A number of countries have set up comprehensive programmes to study all aspects of sewer sediments; their occurrence, nature and movement. In the UK the Water Research centre and others have funded a comprehensive study of the sediments in the Dundee sewer system. The rate of sedimentation and the yield strength of the sediments have been investigated and considered in terms of the subsequent erosion by increasing flows. The sediments have been found to be cohesive in nature and highly resistant to erosion in the main interceptor sewer, whereas in the trunk sewers the sediments are more granular and less cohesive in nature. A sewer classification system is suggested which is based on physical characteristics, and also relates to the nature of the sediments deposited, and the bed-load material conveyed close to the bed.
9

Tait, S. J., A. Marion, and G. Camuffo. "Effect of environmental conditions on the erosional resistance of cohesive sediment deposits in sewers." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 4 (February 1, 2003): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0213.

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The potential to adjust sewer network operation in order to control the level of transported sediment in sewage so as to enhance the performance of end-of-pipe treatment works is now being investigated. However for this to become a practical management option there is a need to be able to understand the processes which control the movement of sediments that are found in many combined sewers. Crucial to this understanding is an ability to predict how sediments from in-sewer deposits, are released by the action of vigorous flows. This paper reports on a laboratory investigation that aimed to investigate the effect that the environmental conditions during deposit formation can have on the ability of fine-grained organic sediment within in-sewer deposits to resist erosion and subsequent release into transport.
10

Berlamont, Jean E., and Hilde M. Torfs. "Modeling (partly) cohesive sediment transport in sewer systems." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 9 (April 1, 1996): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0204.

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Although the basic mechanisms of sediment transport in sewers are the same as in rivers, it is not necessarily appropriate to use the many models that have been developed for sediment transport in rivers also in sewers. Different reasons are: 1) sewer sediments are often mixtures of cohesive and non cohesive material, and the bed is often stratified; 2) due to consolidation of the (partly cohesive) bed material, the erosion resistance of the bed may vary with time; 3) the flow conditions in sewers are usually unsteady, which is not accounted for in the classical sediment transport models; 4) existing models have been derived from experiments in rectangular flumes: the results are not directly applicable to sewers with circular cross section where the distribution of bed shear stress may be completely different from a rectangular section; 5) the limited availability of erodible material and the varying supply of sediments add additional difficulty to the modelling of sediment transport in sewers.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації

Дисертації з теми "Sewer sediments":

1

Seco, Raquel Irene. "In-sewer organic sediment transport : study of the release of sediments during wet-weather from combined sewer systems in the Mediterranean region in Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284586.

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The accumulation of sediments in combined sewer systems may give rise to significant quality problems, which sometimes are overlooked. Solids deposited in the network may lead to more frequent overflows into natural waters, where are often discharged without treatment during the beginning of storms events. When organic solids, released from in-sewer deposits, reach natural receiving waters, may produce serious impacts. Waters environments are degraded due mainly to the high oxygen biochemical demand, the ammonia contribution and other pollutants. This study focuses on the release of highly-organic sediments having being accumulated inside a combined sewer network. After prolonged dry-periods, typical in Mediterranean region, sediments are re-suspended and conveyed when storm runoff appears. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology able to predict their potential erosion and subsequent mobilization through the network. To achieve that goal, it is needed to improve the knowledge on the processes occurring during long dry-periods, and analyse the variables involved that might affect the erodibility of the deposits. To achieve reliable results in water quality modelling, it is essential the availability of consistent and detailed field data. Highly-organic non-homogeneous sediment samples collected from a combined sewer system were used for the laboratory assessment of the characteristics and the behaviour regarding erosion. Varying strength of the bed with depth allow for a more appropriate representation of the movement of solids in sewerage by introducing in the model a more realistic behaviour. The results obtained have shown that the prediction of organic sediment mobilization and transport is complex but possible to accomplish. However, more effort is needed to ensure the transferability of the results for a more general application of the predictive model obtained. This research has mainly contributed in a more detailed knowledge of the organic sediment bed structure regarding strength to erosion. The acquired knowledge can be applied for improvements in the prediction of pollutant loads that can reach watercourses, pursuing the receiving waters protection as a final goal.
Los depósitos de sedimentos en sistemas unitarios de alcantarillado pueden dar lugar a importantes problemas de calidad de aguas, muchas veces ignorados. La acumulación de sedimentos en estos sistemas puede generar el aumento en la frecuencia de vertidos a medios naturales receptores durante una tormenta. La presencia de sólidos de origen orgánico en los vertidos de aguas sin tratar puede producir impactos perjudiciales en las aguas receptoras. Los medioambientes acuáticos son afectados principalmente por las altas demandas de oxígeno y las contribuciones de nitrógeno originados en los sedimentos orgánicos. Este estudio se centra en los procesos de re-suspensión de sedimentos altamente orgánicos que se han acumulado en las redes de alcantarillado unitario. Luego de largos períodos secos típicos en la región Mediterránea, los depósitos de sedimentos son re-movilizados y transportados a través del sistema por la escorrentía producida por una tormenta. El objetivo de la investigación es desarrollar una metodología que sea capaz de predecir el potencial de erosión y posterior movilización de los sedimentos orgánicos a través del sistema. Para ello, es necesario mejorar el conocimiento que se tiene sobre los procesos que ocurren durante largos períodos sin lluvias y analizar las variables involucradas que puedan influir en la erosión de los depósitos. Contar con la disponibilidad de datos de campo confiables es esencial en el logro de resultados válido en un modelo de calidad de aguas. Muestras de sedimento no homogéneo y altamente orgánico se recogieron en un sistema de alcantarillado unitario. A través de ensayos en laboratorio, estos sedimentos se utilizaron para la evaluación de sus características y comportamiento vinculado a la erosión. La introducción en el modelo de una ley de tensión crítica de arrastre más realista permite una mejor representación de la movilización de los sedimentos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la predicción del transporte de sedimentos orgánicos de alcantarillado es posible de realizar aunque es un tema muy complejo. Mayores esfuerzos son aún necesarios para lograr la transferencia directa de los resultados para una aplicación más generalizada del modelo predictivo obtenido. Una de las principales contribuciones de esta investigación está vinculada al logro de un conocimiento más detallado de la estructura de los depósitos de sedimento orgánico en relación a su resistencia a la erosión. El conocimiento adquirido podría ser aplicado en la mejora en las predicciones de cargas contaminantes que llegan a cursos de agua naturales durante vertidos. Todo ello, siguiendo como objetivo final, la protección de las aguas naturales receptoras.
2

Hoeft, Stefan. "In-situ-Untersuchungen zum Erosionsverhalten von Sedimenten in Mischwasserkanalisationen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-175834.

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Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Erosionsverhalten von Sedimenten in Mischkanalisationen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Apparatur für in-situ-Untersuchungen entwickelt, gebaut und kalibriert. Damit wurden erstmals Erosionsmessungen an echten, ungestörten Kanalsedimenten im großen Umfang durchgeführt. Hierbei wurde die kritische Sohlschubspannung als Kenngröße für die Sedimentstabilität anhand von etablierten und einer neu entwickelten Methode aus den Messdaten gewonnen. Die Kanalsedimente zeigen ein ausgeprägt kohäsives Erosionsverhalten im untersuchten Kanal und verhalten sich somit wie Sedimente in natürlichen Gewässern. Mit Einschränkungen kann folglich auf die umfangreichen Erfahrungen im Bereich der marinen, ästuarinen und fluvialen Sedimente zurückgegriffen werden. Die auf diesem Gebiet untersuchten Einflussfaktoren wurden auf Grundlage einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche hinsichtlich ihrer Relevanz für den Bereich der Kanalsedimente bewertet. Die Vielzahl der in Frage kommenden Einflussfaktoren sowie das sich hieraus abzeichnende Geflecht aus den Wechselwirkungen der Einflussfaktoren untereinander macht diese Thematik sehr komplex und das tatsächliche Erosionsverhalten schwer vorhersagbar. In-situ-Untersuchungen stellen daher einen essentiellen Grundstein für die Entwicklung eines allgemeingültigen Erosionsmodells dar
The present work studies the sediment erosion in combined sewers. For this purpose, an in-situ instrument was developed, constructed and calibrated. For the first time, such an instrument was used to perform erosion measurements on real, undisturbed sewer sediments on a large scale. In the analysis, the bottom shear stress was used as an indicator for the sediment stability applying established methods and also a newly developed one. The sediments in the investigated sewer show a distinct cohesive erosion behavior. Hence, they behave similar to sediments in natural waters. Therefore, one can with some limitations use the extensive experience in the field of marine, estuarine, and fluvial sediments. The influences studied in that field were evaluated according to their relevance for sewer sediments in a extensive literature research. Due to the large number of influence factors in addition to their interactions, this topic is very complex and the actual erosion behavior difficult to predict. Hence, in-situ studies are a essential foundation for the development of a general model for sediment erosion
3

Wilhelmsen, Berit Bye. "Numerical Modelling of Separation Efficiency of Sediments in a Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for vann- og miljøteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18842.

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Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are a part of the combined storm water and foul sewer system. CSOs should protect the downstream sewer system against overloading during heavy rainfall and snow melting. This report investigates how three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be applied to evaluate the quality performance of combined sewer overflows (CSOs).Separation efficiency is a performance indicator defined as the fraction of sediments that are treated and not overflowing. Emissions from poorly constructed CSOs have a harmful impact on receiving water quality. Predicted increase in rainfall in the northern hemisphere due to climate change is enhancing stresses imposed on these structures. EU established the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000 to ensure good ecological and chemical quality for receiving streams and lakes. To meet this standard, a reduction in emissions of pollutants is required through improvement of separation efficiency of CSOs. Numerical modelling creates new opportunities for detailed analyzes of existing and new structures as such tools where not available when the first CSOs where built.In this report, the assessment of a CSO with CFD is presented in the context of a geometry from Århus. The CSO is one of the case studies in the EU project PREPARED Enabling Change, which aims to adapt Europe’s water supply and sanitation systems to climate change. It is a complex device with one inlet, four overflow chambers and two outlet pipes.Prior to the modelling, a literature review was carried out to identify the characteristics of combined sewage. The purpose was to determine what particles that should be modelled and find appropriate boundary conditions.The sewer quality showed large variations dependent on flow rate, locations inside the system and between different systems. The combined sewage consists of a mixture of organic and inorganic material and no unique relationship between density and particle size could therefore be found. A wide range of sediments with size 100m - 5mm and densities 1002kg/m3, 1170kg/m3, 1400kg/m3, 1720kg/m3, 2000kg/m3 and 2650kg/m3 were therefore selected to represent sewer sediments in the numerical model.At the bed of the CSO a criteria was needed to determine if a particle settled or was suspended in the fluid. A bed shear stress (BSS) boundary condition was found to be appropriate. The shear stress at the bed was compared to a critical value specified by the user. A study by Berg (1988) showed that the critical value for settling of particles in a combined sewer with sand traps was 1.0Pa.The numerical modelling was done with the commercial software FLUENT. Analyzes where carried out for two scenarios; (1) filling of the CSO with throughflow to the treatment plant, and (2) during overflow to receiving waters. Three velocities was used (0.3m/s, 0.5m/s and 0.7 m/s) to test the influence of velocity on the separation efficiency.The paper demonstrates how the discrete phase model (DPM) can be utilized to predict particle trajectories and final destination of particles and how this can be used to calculate separation efficiency. The conclusion is that the particle tracking routine was found to be suitable for analyzes of sediment transport and separation efficiency. Overall the CSO in Århus showed a good separation efficiency higher than 50% for all velocities. The exception was sand particles with size 0.1mm and organic material withdensity 1170kg/m3 and diameters up to 0.5mm. The results showed that velocity had a strong influence on separation efficiency and flow streamlines on the distribution of particles on the different overflows. It was crucial to define appropriate boundary conditions as it has a significant effect on the result. Difference in separation efficiency for different types of particles was most significant during slow flow conditions. A references to previous work has shown that the particle tracking routine probably overestimates the separation efficiency for high velocities (Stovin & Saul, 1998). In future work the results from Århus should be compared with measurements, to determine if this is the case for the Århus results as well.CFD modelling in combination with modern measurement techniques provide great opportunities for optimization of CSOs. The intention is that this can serve as a pilot project for future research and work with adaption of CSOs under climate change.
4

Schertzinger, Gerhard [Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Sures. "Combined sewer overflows: contamination and toxicity of downstream located sediments / Gerhard Schertzinger ; Betreuer: Bernd Sures." Duisburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225294533/34.

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5

Nguyen, Minh Trang. "Occurrence and fate of microplastics in the sewage system and different pathways into the environment : case of Greater Paris area." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0049.

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Ce projet de thèse s'est concentré sur l'occurrence et le devenir des MP dans le système de gestion des eaux usées parisiennes, dans le but d'investiguer et d'évaluer les moyens potentiels par lesquels les MP des zones urbaines sont libérés dans les environnements environnants. Dans les stations d'épuration des eaux usées (STEP), les MP séparés de la phase aqueuse sont transférés dans les boues, faisant de ce sous-produit une source plausible de MP lors de son élimination dans l'environnement. La connaissance des MP dans les boues est essentielle pour obtenir une compréhension globale de ce polluant dans les STEP et de son potentiel d'émission depuis ces installations. En étudiant les MP à différentes étapes du traitement des boues, l'étude a révélé que les technologies actuelles étaient inefficaces pour éliminer complètement les MP. Aucune réduction significative de l'abondance des MP n'a été observée après l'ensemble des processus de traitement. Certains MP issus des boues étaient réintroduits dans le système via l'eau de rejet. Le traitement thermique à haute température induisait la fragmentation des particules plastiques. Ces conclusions impliquent que l'élimination des boues constitue une source de MP dans l'environnement, par exemple, via l'application au sol en terre agricole. Alors que les MP dans les STEP ont fait l'objet de recherches intensives au cours de la dernière décennie, peu d'attention a été accordée à leur devenir et à leur occurrence pendant le transport à l'intérieur du réseau d'égouts avant d'atteindre les installations de traitement. Pour combler cette lacune de connaissance, une enquête sur les MP dans les sédiments des égouts, qui agissent comme une réserve de polluants à l'intérieur du système d'égouts, a été menée. Les résultats ont indiqué qu'une partie des MP était temporairement stockée dans les sédiments des réseaux d’eaux usées au lieu d'être transportée vers les STEP. Des concentrations élevées de MP ont été trouvées dans ces sédiments. Cela met en évidence une importante réserve de MP à l'intérieur du réseau d'égouts et le risque associé de transfert en aval lors d'événements de pluie en raison de la remise en suspension des sédiments dans les égouts. Recevant des polluants, y compris des MP, de diverses sources telles que les ménages, les ruissellements et la remobilisation des dépôts dans les égouts, les déversoirs d’orage (DO) sont censés relarguer une grande quantité de MP dans les eaux réceptrices. Les connaissances sur cette voie d'émission sont encore limitées. Par conséquent, une étude visant à évaluer la qualité des DO en termes de contamination par les MP et leur potentiel à émettre des MP dans l'environnement a été réalisée. Des niveaux élevés de MP ont été détectés dans les DO lors de différents événements pluvieux. À l'échelle annuelle, la quantité de MP libérée avec les CSO était équivalente à la charge massive provenant des eaux usées traitées, malgré des volumes de rejet beaucoup plus faibles. Ainsi, ces résultats confirment le rôle significatif des DO en tant que source terrestre de MP dans l'environnement environnant lors d'événements de pluie intense. En conclusion, ce projet de thèse a fourni des données sur les niveaux de contamination en MP dans divers compartiments du système de gestion des eaux usées. Il a également contribué à la compréhension des différentes voies par lesquelles les MP sont libérés du système dans l'environnement. Cette étude met en évidence l'inadéquation des systèmes de gestion existants pour lutter contre la pollution plastique. Par conséquent, elle appelle à des actions urgentes pour atténuer l'impact des eaux usées urbaines sur les milieux récepteurs
Plastics have become an integral part of modern human life. Alongside urbanization, metropolitan areas have become hotspots of plastic consumption and disposal. The abundance of microplastics (MPs) in urban wastewater reflects plastic pollution issue in these regions. Since the potential impacts of MPs on humans and ecosystems are of great concern, understanding their pathway in the environment is crucial to support the implementation for mitigation measures. In this context, this PhD project focused on the occurrence and fate of MPs in the Parisian wastewater management system, aiming to investigate and assess potential ways in which MPs from urban areas are released into the surrounding environments.In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), MPs separated from water phase are transferred into sewage sludge, making this byproduct a plausible source of MPs when disposed of in the environment. Knowledge of MPs in sewage sludge is essential for gaining a comprehensive understanding of this pollutant within WWTPs and its potential emission from these facilities. By investigating MPs at different sludge treatment stages, the study found that current technologies were inefficient in completely removing MPs. There was no significant reduction in MP abundance observed after all treatment processes, with 8.6×104 to 4.5×105 particles/kg of MPs remaining in the final treated sludge. Some sludge-based MPs were returned back to the system via reject water. Thermal treatment at high temperatures induced the fragmentation of plastic particles. These findings imply sludge disposal as an input of MPs into the environment, for example, via soil application in agricultural land.While MPs in WWTPs have been intensively investigated in the last decade, little attention has been paid for their fate and occurrence during transport within the sewer network before reaching treatment facilities. To address this knowledge gap, an investigation into MPs in sewer sediments, which act as pollutant reserve inside the sewer system, were carried out. The findings indicated that a portion of MPs was temporarily stored in sewer sediments instead of being transported to WWTPs. High concentrations of MPs, ranging from 5×103 to 178×103 particles/kg, were found in these sediments. This highlights a major stock of MPs inside the sewer network and the associated risk of downstream transfer during wet weather events due to the resuspension of in-sewer sediments.Receiving pollutants, including MPs, from various sources such as households, runoff and also the remobilization of in-sewer deposits, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are expected to release a large amount of MPs into receiving waters. However, research on this emission pathway is still limited. Therefore, a study to evaluate the quality of CSOs in terms of MP contamination and their potential to emit MPs into the environment was carried out. High MP levels were detected in CSOs during different storm events, ranging from 6.7×104 to 3.9×105 particles/m3. At an annual scale, the amount of MPs released with CSOs was equivalent to the massive load from treated wastewater, despite much lower discharge volumes. Thus, these findings confirmed the significant role of CSOs as a land-based source of MPs into the surrounding environment during intense wet weather events.In conclusion, this PhD project has provided data on MP contamination levels in various compartments of the wastewater management system. It has also contributed to the understanding of the different pathways in which MPs are released from the system into the environment. This study emphasizes inadequacy of existing management systems in addressing plastic pollution. Therefore, it calls for urgent actions to mitigate the impact of urban wastewater on nearby water bodies in terms of plastic pollution
6

Rammal, Mohamad. "Comparaison de différents scenarii de production de matières en suspension dans un réseau unitaire sur la base d'un modèle hydrodynamique adapté." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1149/document.

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Malgré leurs mauvaises performances, les modèles de calcul de flux polluants (MCFP) dans les rejets urbains de temps de pluie (RUTP) continuent à susciter de l’intérêt du fait du fort potentiel qu’ils présentent pour prédire et contrôler ces RUTP. La contribution des sédiments à la pollution des RUTP est aujourd’hui largement reconnue comme prépondérante ; en conséquence, une modélisation idoine des processus en réseau apparait comme un élément clé pour améliorer la qualité de ces modèles. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs éléments ont été révélés par des études récentes menées sur les dépôts de réseaux d’assainissement unitaires, notamment sur « Le Marais » : (1) la présence d’une quantité importante de dépôts grossiers quasi-stationnaires qui modifient les caractéristiques du réseau ainsi que les conditions d'écoulement ; (2) l'identification d’un dépôt organique cohésif sur le Marais, la couche organique, capable d’expliquer la contribution du réseau à la pollution de RUTP et qui se constitue dans les parties amonts des collecteurs principaux. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner l’effet de l’intégration de ces observations dans un MCFP de type semi-distribué, en prenant comme cas d’étude le site expérimental du Marais.Dans la première partie, on a travaillé à la prise en compte des dépôts grossiers dans le modèle hydrodynamique, puis on a évalué l’impact de cet ajout sur les processus de transport solide dans les réseaux. Pour y parvenir, un outil de modélisation capable de gérer l’écoulement sur une bathymétrie complexe était nécessaire. Ainsi, un schéma numérique conservatif de type Godounov a été développé et validé par rapport à certains cas de référence, avant de l’appliquer à l'échelle du réseau du Marais. Les résultats ont démontré un effet significatif de ces dépôts grossiers sur l’hydraulique du réseau, qui ensuite influence la production des particules et, dans une moindre mesure, le processus de transfert.Dans la deuxième partie, des données acquises récemment sur plusieurs sites avec des contributions de dépôts aux RUTP comparables et d’états d’encrassement différents (notamment pour la couche organique) ont été analysées dans le but d’identifier le vrai rôle de cette couche organique vis-à-vis de la production en réseau par temps de pluie. Les résultats ont montré que la couche organique ne représente qu’une source mineure vis-à-vis de la production en réseau. Afin d’identifier la source majeure, le modèle hydraulique développé dans la première partie a été couplé avec le modèle d’érosion de Skipworth et le modèle d’advection simple pour tester différents scenarii de localisation de dépôts. Les résultats de ce banc d’essai sont cohérents avec ce qui précède concernant la contribution de la couche organique ; il en ressort par ailleurs que les localisations les plus vraisemblables de la source prépondérante sont, dans l’ordre, le réseau amont et les collecteurs principaux
Despite their disappointing performance, urban stormwater quality models are still considered to be a potentially efficient decision making tool to control combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and thus are receiving ongoing investments to improve their quality. In this respect, in-sewer sediments are now widely recognized for their preponderant contribution to the pollution of CSOs assigning therefore a particular importance to mastering sewer processes module when refining these models. Recent studies conducted on in-sewer sediments in one of the extensively investigated urban catchments in Paris, Le Marais, highlighted new elements that could be helpful when addressing this module: (1) the existence of quasi-steady sewer grits deforming sewer characteristics and thus suspected to modify sewer flow conditions; (2) the identification of the potentially eroded sediment type during wet weather that is formed at the upstream parts of the Marais main trunks, the organic layer, that showed a cohesive like characteristic during in-situ flushing experiments. A site specific model for the Marais catchment is developed in this thesis adopting a semi-distributed configuration to examine the effect of integrating these field observations in its structure on the simulation of outfall discharges’ quality.In the first part, an evaluation of the impact of considering the sewer grits in the hydrodynamic module on the solid production and transfer processes in sewer system was carried out. To do so, a special modelling tool was necessary in order to handle sewer flow over a complex bathymetry. So, a well-balanced Godunov numerical scheme was developed and verified against some reference test cases before being extended to the Marais sewer scale. Results showed a significant impact of these coarse deposits on the hydraulic parameters. Solid production was demonstrated to be more sensible to this impact than the transfer processes.In the second place, previous findings obtained on combined sewer systems having no organic layer and high sewer contribution along with those obtained on the Marais were deeply investigated to identify the real role of this organic layer in sewer wet weather production. Results showed that this latter is only a minor source for wet weather erosion. To identify the major source, a quality module based on Skipworth erosion formulation and simple advection equation was used to test several scenarios of sewer sediment localization. The benchmark confirmed that the organic layer is not the major source of sewer production and that another source is preponderant and that can be located at the upstream branches as well as along the principal collectors with more probability of the former case
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Ghani, Aminuddin Ab. "Sediment transport in sewers." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/997.

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Sewers have been designed on the concept of self-cleansing where sediments are expected to move continuously without deposition. Due to the intermittent nature of the flow, deposition of solids in sewers could still occur especially at low flows such as during the receding flow or dry weather flow. The study of sediment movement in sewers will therefore need to cover both rigid (no-deposition) and loose (some deposition) boundary conditions. The present study extended the available data in rigid boundary conditions (clean pipes) to include the effects of surface roughness and pipe size. A complimentary study on the effect of sediment deposits (pipes with deposited beds) was also carried out. Extensive experiments on bed load transport of non-cohesive sediments without deposition were carried out in pipe channels of 154mm, 305mm and 450mm dia. covering wide -ranges of flow depths (0.15 < ya/D < 0.80), sediments (0.46 < dso (mm) < 8.3) and three different bed roughness values (0.0 < ko (mm) < 1.34). Supplementary data on transport over loose beds were collected in a 450mm dia. channel with various bed thicknesses up to 23% of pipe diameter. New transport equations based on all variables involved in the process were derived. Extensive uses of data from other relevant studies were made. The combination of the present and other data for both rigid and loose boundary conditions in pipes produced equations which could be applicable over wide range of conditions in sewers. A complimentary study on the rigid bed rectangular channels was also carried out. Using the newly derived equations, appraisals of the traditional concept of constant velocity criterion were made. The results show the inadequacy of the present design practice for diameters, pipe larger than 300mm. The comparisons made between the newly derived equations for rigid and loose boundaries in pipes suggest that sewers can be designed with clean inverts for diameters up to 1.0m while sewers with larger diameters should be designed allowing for an "optimum" depth of sediment deposits. Design charts based on the newly derived equations were devised.
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Rushforth, Peter John. "The erosion and transport of sewer sediment mixtures." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366118.

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Kuhail, Z. S. A. "Sediment transport in storm sewers." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234631.

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McIlhatton, Trevor D. "Sediment transport in combined sewers." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414727.

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Книги з теми "Sewer sediments":

1

Clegg, Stuart McDonald. The polluting potential of combined sewer overflow sediments. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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2

Benoist, A. P. De invloed van overstortingen op de bergingsvijver te Loenen: Deelonderzoek 10.3.I, de verspreiding van zwevende stof en hieraan gehechte zware metalen na een overstorting : deelonderzoek 10.3.II, inventarisatie van geaccumuleerde zware metalen in het sediment van een bergingsvijver. ʼs-Gravenhage: Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer, 1988.

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Brownbill, V. R. Release of pollutants from sewer derived sediments in urban areas. Manchester: School of Geography, University of Manchester, 1992.

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4

Blakley, Nigel. Norfolk combined sewer overflow (Duwamish River) sediment cap recontamination: Phase I investigation. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 2003.

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5

Kuhail, Zaher Saa'di A. Sediment transport in storm sewers. Salford: University of Salford, 1989.

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6

Suki, Ramli Bin Mat. Sediment transport in storm sewers. Salford: University of Salford, 1987.

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7

Keefer, Thomas N. Combined sewer overflow sediment transport model: Documentation and evaluation. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Williams, D. J. A. Preliminary investigation into the rheological properties of sewer sediment deposits and the development of a synthetic sewer sediment material forlaboratory studies. Swindon: Water Research Centre, 1989.

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9

Wilson, Craig. Stormwater sediment trap pilot study. Olympia, Wash: Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, 1996.

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10

Kleijwegt, Rob A. On sediment transport in circular sewers with non-cohesive deposits. [Delft]: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "Sewer sediments":

1

Li, Chen, Ke Chen, Hanlin Li, Yixiao Shao, and Hanbin Luo. "Sewer Sediment Inspection Based on Multisensor Fusion Considering Sewage Flow." In Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, 431–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3626-7_34.

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Pulido, Eliana Soriano, Carlos Valencia Arboleda, and Juan Pablo Rodríguez Sánchez. "Spatiotemporal Modelling of Sediment-Related Blockages in the Sewer System of Bogotá (Colombia)." In New Trends in Urban Drainage Modelling, 869–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99867-1_150.

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Murali, Madhu K., Matthew R. Hipsey, Anas Ghadouani, and Zhiguo Yuan. "Developing and Validating a Model to Assess Sewer Sediment Issues from Changing Wastewater Inflows and Concentration." In New Trends in Urban Drainage Modelling, 836–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99867-1_144.

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4

Gharabaghi, Bahram, Hossein Bonakdari, and Isa Ebtehaj. "Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm Based on PSOGA for ANFIS Designing in Prediction of No-Deposition Bed Load Sediment Transport in Sewer Pipe." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 106–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01177-2_8.

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5

"Management of Sewer Sediments." In Wet-Weather Flow in the Urban Watershed, 201–38. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420012774-12.

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6

Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., and Richard Ashley. "Management of Sewer Sediments." In Wet-Weather Flow in the Urban Watershed. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420012774.ch7.

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7

Bertrand-Krajewski, J. "Sewer sediments and processes." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set, 1247–57. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-204.

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8

Orr, David W. "Speed." In The Nature of Design. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148558.003.0009.

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Plum Creek begins in drainage from farms on the west side of the city of Oberlin, Ohio, and flows eastward through a city golf course, a college arboretum, and the downtown area. East of the city, the stream receives the effluent from the city sewer facility before it joins with the Black River, which flows north through two rust-belt cities, Elyria and Lorain, before emptying into Lake Erie 25 miles west of Cleveland. Plum Creek shows all of the signs of 150 years of human use and abuse. As late as 1850 the stream ran clear even in times of flood, but now it is murky brown year-round. Because of pollution, sediments, and the lack of aquatic life, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers it to be a “nonattainment” stream. Yet it survives, more or less. To most residents of Oberlin, Plum Creek is little more than a drain and sewer useful for moving water off the land as rapidly as possible. Few regard it as an aesthetic asset or ecological resource. The character of Plum Creek changes quickly as it flows eastward into downtown Oberlin. Runoff from city streets enters the stream where the creek runs under the intersection of Morgan and Professor Streets. One block to the east, a larger volume of runoff polluted by oil and grease from city streets enters the creek as it flows under Main Street, past a Midas Muffler shop, a NAPA Auto Parts Store, and City Hall, located in the flood plain. Where Plum Creek flows under Main Street, an increased volume of storm water and consequently increased stream velocity have widened the banks and cut the channel from several feet to a depth of 10 feet or more. The city has attempted to stabilize the stream by lining the banks with concrete or by riprapping with large chunks of broken concrete. The aquatic life that exists upstream mostly disappears as Plum Creek flows through the downtown. Bending to the northeast, the creek passes through suburban backyards, past the municipal wastewater plant, a Browning Ferris Industries landfill, and on toward the west fork of the Black River and Lake Erie.
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Ebtehaj, Isa, Hossein Bonakdari, Hamed Azimi, Bahram Gharabghi, Seyed Hamed Ashraf Talesh, Ali Jamali, and Rama Rao Karri. "Pareto Multiobjective Bioinspired Optimization of Neuro-Fuzzy Technique for Predicting Sediment Transport in Sewer Pipe." In Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management, 131–44. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824463-0.00025-2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sewer sediments":

1

Alihosseini, Maryam, and Paul Uwe Thamsen. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Sediment Transport in Sewers." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83274.

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Sewer sediment deposition represents a crucial aspect of the maintenance of wastewater systems and has negative effects on the system itself as well as the environment. Therefore, it is important to design combined sewers, as sewage collection systems with high deposition risk, with adequate self-cleansing velocity to avoid the deposition. Despite the large number of investigations, the lack of knowledge about the particle behaviour in sewers remains a major problem in the field of sewer management. In the present work, the transport of sediments in partially filled channels is investigated experimentally and the results are compared to 3D-simulations performed with a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and Discrete Element Method (DEM). This research aims to investigate the self-cleansing design concept for uniform non-cohesive sediments based on moving of existing sediments on the sewer bed. The CFD part of the simulation is carried out in the commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent, which is two-way coupled to the commercial DEM software EDEM through its User Defined Function. EDEM enhances the particle handling capability by resolving particle contacts, modelling bonded particles and non-spherical particles. The multiphase model Volume of Fluid (VOF) is used to capture the water and air interaction and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is applied to track the injected EDEM-particles. This paper also examines the applicability and limitations of this coupling method in simulation of sewer systems.
2

Alihosseini, Maryam, and Paul Uwe Thamsen. "On Scouring Efficiency of Flush Waves in Sewers: A Numerical and Experimental Study." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4615.

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Abstract In sewer sediment management, the removal of depositions using hydraulic flushing gates has recently gotten great attention. Despite numerous investigations, the complex process of sediment transport under flushing waves is not yet well understood. The present work aims to calibrate and validate a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) to study the fluid-sediment interaction in sewers. The CFD part of the simulation was carried out in the software Ansys Fluent which is two-way coupled to the DEM software EDEM. The multiphase model volume of fluid (VOF) was used to simulate the flushing wave, while the sediments were handled as DEM particles using the discrete phase model (DPM). To validate the 3D model, experimental work has been performed in a circular laboratory pipe with sand and gravel of different size distributions. A construction of a sluice gate was installed to realize the flushing event, which is similar to a dam-break wave. The evolution of the sediment bed and the scouring efficiency of the waves were examined under different flushing conditions. The results showed that the CFD-DEM method could be used to investigate the performance of flushing devices and various features of sediment transport which are not easy to obtain in the laboratory or field.
3

Rushforth, Peter J., Simon J. Tait, and Adrian J. Saul. "Modelling the Erosion of Mixtures of Organic and Granular In-Sewer Sediments." In Specialty Symposium on Urban Drainage Modeling at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40583(275)49.

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4

Li, Haiyan, Huirui Mei, Boping Xu, and Chongchen Wang. "Establishment of pre-treatment method on analysis of heavy metal forms in sewer sediments." In 2010 2nd Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2010.5568286.

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5

Ashley, Richard, Bob Crabtree, and Alasdair Fraser. "Recent European Research into the Behavior of Sewer Sediments and Associated Pollutants and Processes." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)265.

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6

Li, Bin, Zhentao Wu, Jian Yu, and Wei Zhang. "Correlation between the Pollutant Content of Sewer Sediments and the Particle Size in Urban Drainage Pipelines." In International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412619.061.

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7

Zhang, Jin. "The Influences of Rainwater and Surfactants on the Desorption Processes of Heavy Metals from Road-Deposited and Sewer Sediments." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71407.

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Silvagni, G., F. Volpi, and R. Celestini. "Sediment transport in sewers: the Cesarina combined sewer network." In WATER POLLUTION 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp140251.

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Celestini, R., G. Silvagni, M. Spizzirri, and F. Volpi. "Sediment transport in sewers." In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IV. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm070261.

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Regueiro-Picallo, Manuel, Jose Anta, Acacia Naves, and Jörg Rieckermann. "Monitoring sewer sediment deposits with temperature sensors." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc2521711920221141.

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