Дисертації з теми "Services numériques"
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Leblanc, Elina. "Bibliothèques numériques enrichies et participatives : Utilisateurs, Services, Interfaces." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAL017.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of the development of the Fonte Gaia Bib digital library, an international French-Italian participative project, this thesis focuses on one of the most difficult problems of the digital humanities: the identification of their audience(s) and needs. In most cases, the services surrounding digital libraries are built on the basis of the requirements of their creators, and according to the presumed needs of users. Users are nothing more than the projection of the needs and characteristics of the creators themselves. This strategy has shown its limitations and an approach based on the needs of end users is still marginal. The question of users arises all the more in the context of the development of participative services. Such services take up the codes of the Social Web and transform users from consumers to actors. In the fields of digital heritage and scientific libraries, the study of participative services from the user's point of view is still rare and not very specific, even though this type of service raises the question of the place of users in this type of digital resource, and seems to call into question the profession and missions of librarians.In this context, this thesis defines a user-centred design method applied to the case of a participative and scientific digital library. We place particular emphasis on the service modeling and mock-up stage, as heuristic processes that aim to give substance to a theoretical model and that have a central function in a project life cycle and workflow. Through this method and the case of Fonte Gaia, we propose a study of the participative services of a digital library based on public engagement. This participative model is still not very present in the world of digital heritage and humanities. But it would make it possible to define services in accordance with users' needs and librarians' missions. This study of services from the perspective of public engagement leads us to make a strict distinction between cooperative and collaborative services, which do not involve the same audiences and are not represented in the same way within a digital library.This thesis thus examines an interaction, that between services and their users; a model, that of public engagement; and a method, that of user-centred design applied to heritage digital libraries. These different aspects are closely linked: public engagement is a particular type of interaction between a user and a service. It allows us to push user engagement with written heritage to its extreme and to define different degrees of participation. This is made possible by modeling a participative library through user-centered design. The latter is not only our method of studying services and public engagement, using questionnaires, interviews, participatory modeling workshops and a hackathon; but also a research object in itself, as a method rarely used in heritage digital libraries. These different elements of our thesis allow us to analyze a digital library from a new perspective, going beyond the image of a data-providing library to that of a library oriented towards its users and encouraging their engagement with the written heritage
Berthelot, Adrien. "L'empreinte environnementale complète d'un usage numérique : contribution à l'analyse de cycle de vie de services numériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04874694.
Повний текст джерелаIn a context of growing awareness of environmental issues, reducing the environmental impact of digital technology has become a key research issue in computer science. However, such an approach quickly requires a more exhaustive knowledge of the digital footprint than the electricity consumption of a server or computer. Life cycle assessment (LCA), which is already used in other industries, seems to be the right tool to better understand, control and, ultimately, reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology. This thesis will study the footprint in question from the angle of the LCA of digital services. This is because the use of digital technology as experienced on a daily basis is moving ever closer to a service economy. Using a technical ecosystem rather than a single object, our digital uses are consumption of services based as much on individual terminals as on large communication, computing and storage infrastructures. These co-dependencies make the footprint of our digital usage more complex, and justify the application of LCAs of digital services that assess the end-to-end footprint resulting from digital usage.However, more than 10 years after the publication of the standard adapting LCA to goods, networks and services based on information and communication technologies (ICTs), even within the interested communities, LCA and its contributions still do not seem to be predominant.Based on this observation, this thesis will seek to explain the weak presence of LCA in the digital sector and to contribute, aware of its advantages, to consolidating its use as an evaluation tool for the digital sector. The aim of this thesis is to make a methodological contribution to the LCA of digital services, by applying it to real use cases and defining its application more precisely. This will be done through two case studies assessing from end to end several environmental impacts of different digital services in real-life situations. The first case study will focus on digital services based on generative artificial intelligence (Gen-IA) by assessing the environmental footprint of Stable Diffusion, an image generation service. Then, a second case study will focus on the open source digital services provider Picasoft. The aim of this second study will be to evaluate several digital services with heterogeneous characteristics, hosted by the same player, at the same time, without losing the detail of the distribution of the footprint between the services.Overall, this manuscript proposes to explore the history, potentials, limitations and applications of LCA to digital services. Through the example of its applications and open methodologies, this manuscript hopes to contribute to better environmental impact assessment methods for digital services
Querbes-Revier, Adrien. "Émergence et évolution de l’industrie des services numériques pour téléphones mobiles." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe telecommunications industry currently undergoes a dramatic evolution. Faced with thedevelopment of new uses on mobile phones, incumbents of the mobile phone industry (networkoperators and devices manufacturers) must adapt to a new technological and competitive environment.This new environment technologically relies on expansions of uses of digital objects (software andcontents that can be either of professional, personal or leisure use) and thereby serves as a launchingpad for actors more or less mature coming from software industries, copyright-based industries or theInternet industry. Based on this observation, our thesis rests on the idea that incumbents of the mobilephone industry must adapt to this new environment in order to maintain their position, and must learnto coordinate with those new actors as coordination is required for this market to emerge. We thereforestart with a historical analysis of the emergence of the mobile services industry so as to position theissues at stake regarding coordination. We then focus on “open source” projects for smartphoneoperating systems in order to analyse the interest of an open strategy. Last, we design an evolutionistsimulation model so that to analyse the actors’ strategies linked with the structure of the industry andits effects on the technological structure
Belhaj, Frej Chaabane Hanen. "Aspects dynamiques des bibliothèques numériques : systèmes de notifications." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112108.
Повний текст джерелаDigital Libraries and e-learning systems are becoming more and more widely spread and the volume of information they manage is increasing very rapidly. Thus, these systems users, whose the number is growing at a tremendous rate, need to query these systems more and more frequently to find information of interest, which may lead to multiple inconvenient. The notification services are proposed to help avoiding these inconvenients. They consist in notifying a user of new information deemed as relevant to his preferences. The notification process which consists in matching new information with user preferences has to be as efficient as possible. This thesis addresses the problem of efficiently supporting the notification process, and makes contributions in two contexts : 1/ A digital library based on a unique predefined taxonomy 2/ A collaborative e-learning system based on different evolutive ontologies
Assoko, Héraclès Mayé. "La régulation des réseaux numériques par le contrat." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/684/.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of digital networks in modern society still draw many questions, essentially related to the legal framework of activities concerned. The wide-spreading of Internet network and the multiplicity of its actors create a relinquishment of states which of unsuitable legislation appear to be incompatible with the technological development of digital networks. Therefore, Internet leads to a substantial modification within the normalization of the private actors practises. The conventional dichotomy between state regulation and self-regulation by private actors is outdated. A "multi-regulation" of activities is taking place on Internet network. Technical providers of Internet gradually confirming their will to take part actively into regulation of the habits of digital networks users will use the contract as an ideal tool of this normativity. The implementation through contracts regulation will be done by drafting adhesion contracts whose clauses, endowed with a real normative function, enable providers to enforce the behaviour guidelines and to sanction unilaterally, potential illegal habits. Behaviour rules of any kind, elaborated by private actors, generated from charters, "ethics" and code of conduct including networks customs will be incorporated within contracts which will be used as a main diffusion medium to make the regulation of Internet network
Narbonne, Yves. "Approche systémique appliquée à l'enseignement d'une introduction aux réseaux numériques." Limoges, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIMO0032.
Повний текст джерелаBy the rise of the rendered services, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) lead to an increase in the complexity of the societies and organisations but also of certain technical systems such as the Networks of Digital Communication (NDC) and the underlying Digital Networks (DN), those taking part, by an effect of innovating spiral, with this growth of the services. This document proposes to gather elements to build a course of "Introduction to the DN", course having to be taught with learning from different scientific specialities. To gather these elements, the author made a comparison, according to a traditional step of research, of six technologically different networks in order to release from them a certain number of concrete and easily transferable functions and properties towards the NDC and DN, by nature relatively abstract, with the aim of facilitating the training of them. This "transtechnologic" comparison could be made only by the use of a global approach of the complex systems called "systemic"
Sarméjeanne, Vincent. "La recherche d'information pour l'enseignement : vers des services numériques adaptés aux enseignants de lycée." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31016.
Повний текст джерелаKarsenty, Adrien. "Les apports de l’économie industrielle à l’analyse concurrentielle des marchés de réseau et services numériques." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020066.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis set the milestones that are relevant for the competitive analysis of markets based on network activities and digital products or services. This work counts three parts, designed as separate essays, and aims to appreciate the impact of the characteristics of these markets on their competitive dynamics. The first part of the thesis tackles the concentration issue of online platforms. We specify a model of two-sided market in order to appreciate the different levels of interdependence on online platforms linking on firms (or advertisers) on one side and audience or consumers on the other side. As a result, network effects (synergies and scale economies relating to the number of users) are such that any competitive advantage (first-mover advantage, better quality or market share…), as low as it can be, turns out to be durable. The second part deals with the “relevant market” delineation in horizontal mergers issue and suggest an application to the retail market for fixed broadband Internet access. We econometrically analyze the demand for broadband access in order to verify whether or not there exists a segmentation (or even a differentiation) of the demand depending on the access technologies that can be very fast broadband or regular broadband access technologies. The third part examines the effects of “ad-blocking” software on the media and content providers whose business model is based on free access. We also specify a model of two-sided market in order to appreciate the role that Internet service providers can play to internalize network effects and to curb congestion phenomena
Sahin, Henriette Louise. "Contribution à l'étude du réseau numérique à intégration de services : interconnexion réseau local et autocommutateur privé (PABX) au réseau numérique à intégration de services." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT011H.
Повний текст джерелаMenassel, Meï. "Services numériques interactifs "créatifs" et expérience urbaine : construction d'une méthode mixte ad hoc pour comprendre et évaluer les services créatifs de la ville." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0031.
Повний текст джерелаThe new information and communication technologies are sourcing multiple spatial transformations and societal mutations (Bouquillon, 2010). More and more rooted in our nowadays of life, they turn out to be actually an embedded functioning component of the urban infrastructure. These digital “strata” become an additional support that expands people fields of interaction and exchange in the city (Serge Proulx, 2002). Marginally, these multiples changes start to pervade services, offered by digital applications, allowing to create a new urban experiences. Thus, this thesis work proposes to understand and assess these new ways of exploring and living in the city with the support of these creative and innovative digital services. We have decided to focus on a particular category of services so-called interactive digital creative services (SNIC), defined like the mediation tools produced by NTIC, integrating the digital playful, cultural or/ and artistic content. The objectives of the research are double: (i) the first one is theoretical and based on the definition and the understanding of the experience-user forms in the city; (ii) the second is operational and based on the development of a supportive decision-making tool to evaluate new creative services dedicated to the city. This tool is for the designers/decision makers. To achieve the objectives of our thesis and due to the complexity of our research domain, we have elaborated a specific mixed method (Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004) : Ad hoc Mixed Method (AhMM). Indeed, this approach will allow us to better evaluate and assess the specificity of the urban space user experience, in order to decode it and make it more exploitable. The formalisation of the emerged elements from the MMah method will then participate to the future design of new creative services that will be more adapted and appropriate to the contemporary urban space user needs
Faure, Cécile. "Interconnexion de réseaux informatiques et réseau numérique à intégration de services : modélisation et vérification d'architectures de communication." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30157.
Повний текст джерелаAmar, Ebtisam. "Protocoles des services de localisation et routage géographique robuste pour les réseaux ad hoc mobiles." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066203.
Повний текст джерелаRakotoarivelo, Thierry. "Découverte et gestion distribuée de chemins alternatifs à contrainte de Qualité de Service dans l'internet." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000429/.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis shows that it is possible to provide Quality of Service to an overlay application by using alternate Internet paths resulting from the compositions of independent consecutive paths. This thesis also demonstrates that it is possible to discover, select and compose these independent paths in a distributed manner within an community comprising a limited large number of autonomous cooperating peers. Thus, the main contributions of this thesis are : 1) a comprehensive description and QoS characteristic analysis of these composite alternate paths, and 2) an original architecture, termed SPAD (Super-Peer based Alternate path Discovery), which allows the discovery and selection of these alternate paths in a distributed manner. SPAD is a fully distributed system with no single point of failure, which can be easily and incrementally deployed on the current Internet. It empowers the end-users at the edge of the network, allowing them to directly discover and utilize alternate paths
Belhaj, Abdallah Maher. "Enriched in-band video : from theoretical modeling to new services for the society of knowledge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0030.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis, developed at Institut Télécom Télécom SudParis under the “Futur et Rupture” framework, takes the challenge of exploring from both theoretical and applicative points of views the in band enrichment paradigm. Emerged with the knowledge society, the enriched media refers to any type of association which may be established between some metadata (textual, audio, video, exe codes...) and a given original media. Such a concept is currently deployed in a large variety of applications like the iDTV (interactive Digital TV), games, data mining... The incremental notion of in band enrichment advanced at the ARTEMIS Department assumes that the enrichment data are directly inserted into the very original media to be enriched. In real life, in band enrichment can be supported by the watermarking technologies, assuming they afford a very large data payload, i.e. 10 to 1000 larger than the traditional copyright applications. The nowadays advent of the ubiquous media computing and storage applications imposes an additional constraint on the watermarking techniques: the enrichment data should be inserted into some compressed original media. A priori, such a requirement is a contradiction in terms, as compression eliminates the visual redundancy while the watermarking exploits the visual redundancy in order to imperceptibly insert the mark
Perrin, Olivier. "Des énigmes de la recherche d’information : contribution à l’analyse du couple question-réponse dans le processus d’échec documentaire chez les professionnels de l’information." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/180378678#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is set in the "User -oriented" paradigm in the field of communication and information sciences studies and it shows some unexplored human aspects in socio-professional and ethical searching of information and feedback process when information professionals (librarians, information scientists) are working for their users. One of the aims of this work is, by putting the "question" in the center of concerns for information professionals, to attempt showing the role and functions of the matter within its terms of access to knowledge and information in the “information and knowledge society”, and also considering how and why professionals do experience some difficulties sometimes in complex situations at work when assuming their mission of service in-or in distance- for users. In the final part, this thesis focuses on the side of professional mediators of information, more particularly on one of the obstacles we call « documentary failure » that may happen during the cognitive , documentary and communicational phases of research and restitution (answer) of information to the questioning user. We have included some diverse and significant extracts from results and analysis of our quantitative study and qualitative interviews conducted in situ with librarians and information scientists from 16 different public institutions in Paris, France and its surroundings
Sorin, Laurent. "Contributions des architectures textuelles à l'accessibilité non-visuelle des documents numériques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20132/document.
Повний текст джерелаDigital accessibility plays a crucial role for the education, the social inclusion and the autonomy of impaired people. This work focused on a universal component of digital documents: text formatting. Colors, fonts and text disposition are far more than just an ornament; text formatting conveys important meaning for content comprehension, and allows reader to optimize their activity. For instance, a specific set of colors and font can be enough to indicate the presence of a title, which allows a global representation of the content themes. Thus, we aimed at making text formatting meaning accessible to visually impaired people, so they can obtain the same information as sighted readers, and also benefit from the same optimizations when accessing the document with synthetic voices
Crespi, Noël. "Evolutions des architectures de services pour maîtriser l'hétérogénéité de l'IMS." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066513.
Повний текст джерелаPetitdemange, Eva. "SAMUFLUX : une démarche outillée de diagnostic et d'amélioration à base de doubles numériques : application aux centres d'appels d'urgence de trois SAMU." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0012.
Повний текст джерелаThe demand for emergency medical services has been significant and increasing over the last decade. In a constrained medico-economic context, the maintenance of operational capacities represents a strategic strake in front of the risk of congestion and insufficient accessibility for the population. Recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic show the limits of the current system to face crisis situations. Reinforcement in human resources cannot be the only solution in front of this observation and it becomes unavoidable to build new organizational models while aiming at a quality of service allowing to answer 99% of the incoming calls in less than 60 seconds (90% in 15s and 99% in 30s MARCUS report and HAS recommendation October 2020). However, these models must take into account the great heterogeneity of EMS and their operation. In the light of these findings, the research work presented in this manuscript aims to evaluate the organizational effiectiveness and resilience of EMS in managing the flow of emergency telephone calls to deal with daily life and crisis situations. This evaluation allows us to propose and test new organizational schemes in order to make recommendations adpated to the particularities of emergency call centers. In a first part, we propose a methodology equipped for the diagnosis and improvement of emergency call centers. It can be broken down into two main parts: the study of data from emergency call centers, and then the design and use of a dual digital system. For each step of this methodology, we propose an associated tool. In a second part, we apply the first part of the methodology to our partner EMS data. The aim is to be able to extract information and knowledge from the telephony data as well as from the business processes for handling emergency calls. The knowledge thus extracted makes it possible to design a digital duplicate that is close to the real behavior of the EMS. Finally, in a third part, we use the material produced previously to model and parameterize a digital duplicate deployed on a discrete event simulation engine. It allows us to test several scenarios by playing on different call management organizations. Thanks to this, we make recommendations on the types of organizations to adopt in order to improve the performance of call centers
Retornaz, Frédérique. "Evaluation gériatrique et dépistage de la vulnérabilité chez les patients âgés atteints de cancer : limites et enjeux." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20667.
Повний текст джерелаSoudais, Guillaume. "End-to-End Service Guarantee for High-Speed Optical Networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT027.
Повний текст джерелаDriven by an ever-growing bandwidth and performance need, the IT network has grown such that OT and telecommunications networks are looking to exploit this infrastructure for their expansion. These three sectors have historically been separated due to different requirements, on latency, its variation and on reliability. To answer to time critical application needs, the Time Sensitive Network taskforce has developed new sets of protocols that are starting to be implemented in commercial products. Other groups have proposed novel architecture with time control to enable guaranteed performances between and inside edge datacenters. In my PhD I propose a solution to carry time critical application in legacy networks as it does not require to change the whole architecture. I show the benefits of its implementation in TSN networks for a future-proof solution with improved resource usage. To carry time critical traffic in legacy I propose to create a path by isolating and scheduling time critical traffic on a channel with guaranteed latency. With this construction, I build an algorithm to perform latency variation compensation enabling a constant latency transmission for time critical traffic. In a second time, propose a synchronization scheme and implemented a monitoring network primarily used here for latency monitoring, helping me gain insights on the distribution of latency that my protocol creates. Lastly, with an improved latency compensation algorithm, I demonstrate better jitter performances and study the turn-up time for our protocol enabling resource usage only when time-critical traffic is present. In my PhD I demonstrate, with an FPGA implementation and commercial product, latency variation reduction enabling OT and telecommunications network applications to run on legacy and TSN augmented network
Abakar, Mahamat Ahmat. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'une architecture pour l'authentification et la gestion de documents numériques certifiés : application dans le contexte des services en ligne pour le grand public." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975965.
Повний текст джерелаBelhaj, Abdallah Maher. "Enriched in-band video : from theoretical modeling to new services for the society of knowledge." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis, developed at Institut Télécom Télécom SudParis under the “Futur et Rupture” framework, takes the challenge of exploring from both theoretical and applicative points of views the in band enrichment paradigm. Emerged with the knowledge society, the enriched media refers to any type of association which may be established between some metadata (textual, audio, video, exe codes...) and a given original media. Such a concept is currently deployed in a large variety of applications like the iDTV (interactive Digital TV), games, data mining... The incremental notion of in band enrichment advanced at the ARTEMIS Department assumes that the enrichment data are directly inserted into the very original media to be enriched. In real life, in band enrichment can be supported by the watermarking technologies, assuming they afford a very large data payload, i.e. 10 to 1000 larger than the traditional copyright applications. The nowadays advent of the ubiquous media computing and storage applications imposes an additional constraint on the watermarking techniques: the enrichment data should be inserted into some compressed original media. A priori, such a requirement is a contradiction in terms, as compression eliminates the visual redundancy while the watermarking exploits the visual redundancy in order to imperceptibly insert the mark
Ramel, Viviane. "Les technologies numériques en santé face aux inégalités sociales et territoriales : une sociologie de l’action publique comparée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0053.
Повний текст джерелаThe link between digital health and equity is seldom studied, even less are the policies which tackle both issues, and this despite governments being urged to implement health-and-equity-in-all-policies strategies. This thesis has studied whether and how governments and health systems’ stakeholders address this linkage. Specifically, this piece of population health interventional and political science research has been based upon a qualitative study design and comparative public policy analysis of territories from four countries (France, Canada, Spain & England) since 2015. Data were gathered from official and various stakeholders’ documents and through interviews with key stakeholders in e-health and health equity fields. Digital health policy has been institutionalized to varying degrees in the four so-called developed countries focussed on. However, equity in digital health issue has not been placed on the political agenda, although it is acknowledged that digital health use can increase social health inequalities (SHI), in terms of unfair access, use, understanding and adoption of technologies. In the four territories, when (rarely) dealt with, digital inclusion is tackled through a set of instruments, by actors involved in several fora which coproduce public interventions on digital health, SHI and digital inclusion. Each mode of instrumentation of public action is affected by previous local institutions, along with actors’ interests and preconceptions about the issues involved. Our study proposes a conceptual framework for public action and policy implementation as regards digital health and equity in four territories. This study has been designed to be useful for analyzing policies in other settings and for suggesting strategies that could be directly implemented in the field
Mihoub, Samia. "Dynamiques d'appropriation/réappropriation des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (T. I. C. ) dans un contexte arabo-islamique : le cas de la Tunisie." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070029.
Повний текст джерелаThis research intends to demonstrate the dynamics of Tunisian appropriation of the Internet through the so-called "Publinets" which are structures of public access to Internet facilities. The case of Tunisia is considered in this research in his Arabic and Islamic dimensions. Ln fact, the arab-islamic sphere presents a particularly complex ,context of "graft" of Internet due to political, social and cultural constraints. However, Internet arises rush and "fascination" among the populations. The network portrays itself like a means of self-affirmation, existence and "exteriorisation". But, Tunisia as well as other arab-islamic countries are not the only to expect much from the Internet and to learn about the disadvantages of the worldly network. The dream of developing countries to realise a technological advance by joining to the society of information nourishes a technological imagination developed largely since the independences. Between dream and reality, Internet ends-up to play a mythical role in the mind of one another
Echague, Eugénio. "Optimisation globale sans dérivées par minimisation de modèles simplifiés." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0016.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study two global derivative-free optimization methods: the method of moments and the surrogate methods. Concerning the method of moments, it is implemented as solver of the sub-problems in a derivative-free optimization method and tested for an engine calibration problem with succes. We also explore its dual approach, and we study the approximation of a function by a sum of squares of polynomials plus a constant. Concerning the surrogate methods, we construct a new approximation by using the Sparse Grid interpolation method, which builds an accurate model from a limited number of function evaluations. This model is then locally refined near the points with low function value. The numerical performance of this new method, called GOSgrid, is tested for classical optimisation test functions and finally for an inverse parameter identification problem, showing good results compared to some of the others existing methods, in terms of number of function evaluations
Angoulvant, François. "Evaluation et amélioration de l'usage des antibiotiques aux urgences pédiatriques." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077212.
Повний текст джерелаAntibiotics are frequently prescribed in pediatric emergencies department, most often for acute respiratory infections. Faced with the growing problem of resistance to antibiotics, the evaluation and improvement of the antibiotic prescriptions is crucial. Indicators of antibiotic consumption in hospital and in in ambulatory settings existed for a long time. However, despite the weight of antibiotics' prescriptions in pediatric emergencies department, few studies were conducted in these settings. This Doctoral work was designed to evaluate and improve the use of antibiotics in pediatric emergency department. Our first objective was to develop indicators and tools relevant to assess qualitatively and quantitatively antibiotics' prescriptions in pediatric emergencies department. We have shown that simple indicators, such as the percentage of patients with acute respiratory infection treated by antibiotics, were useful to monitor the evolution of the antibiotic prescriptions during interventions to improve them. The methodology is based on the automated extraction of data from the medical record to collect hundreds of thousands cases in several sites. The second issue was the education of patients and familles to the proper use of antibiotics in pediatric emergencies department. We performed a randomized, controlled blind trial in which 300 children have been included. We have showri an improvement in satisfaction and knowledge about the proper use of antibiotics after a therapeutic education on this topic versus a control intervention
Casile, Olivier. "Performances des liaisons entre nœuds d'un RNIS." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4141.
Повний текст джерелаDouplat, Marion. "Les décisions de limitations et d'arrêts des thérapeutiques à l'épreuve de la temporalité des urgences : enjeux éthiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0756.
Повний текст джерелаDecisions of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments are frequent in emergency departments where death is an everyday reality. These decisions lead to ethical dilemmas for physicians, nurses, and relatives with regards to the timing of the emergency departments and the evolution of the French legislation in particular the law on the rights of the patients and the persons who are nearing the end of life. Moreover, the caregivers should have an ethical thinking-process in order to respect ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance and justice. There seems to be a conflict between the emergency situation and the complexity of the decision-making process. There is only few data concerning the decisions of withholding or withdrawing life sustaining treatments especially about modality of these decisions and the implications for caregivers and relatives. Because of the lack of data, we decided to explore the physicians’ experience during the decision-making process in the emergency departments and the perception of the relatives after the decision of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Our study consists in three parts: a study which evaluates the physicians’ experience during the decision-making process; then, a study describing the relatives’ perception of the decisions of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments and finally a study about the involvement of general practitioners in the decision-making process
Bakiri, Redouane. "Design des services : concepts, pratiques innovantes et maquettage numérique du service après-vente Renault." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1636.
Повний текст джерелаValue creation and quality strengthening in the automotive industry are no longer limited to supply marketable innovative cars with shortened lead-times but have to be extended gradually to efficient design of associated services such as extended warranties and after sale services. `This thesis defined Service Design as a Concept Service Design, Service Process Design and Production Service Design. It tackles more deeply with the Renault After Sale Service Process Design and proposes a new innovative aided design approach based on Business Process Modelling, flow simulation, CAD and 3D Visualisation in order to foster what-if scenarios and collaboration within all the professionals ( marketers, quality experts, logisticians CAD specialists, IT professionals and top managers). The aim of this « Service Digital Mock up » or « Computer Service Aided design » is to decrease design costs, leverage quality and help define objectives, quality norms ( service time, waiting time, resource workload, dedicated areas and layout) and select mutually the best compromises. Besides, this thesis show how Process Design can impact designing new Services Offers and how Service production with the clients can be described by behavorial simulation. Finally, it characterizes the after sale logistics and define some ways of improvement for the Information System Design
El, Morr Christo. "Étude et développement d'un prototype de réseau d'archivage et de communication d'images médicales, accessible par Internet, Intranet et RNIS." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMPD982.
Повний текст джерелаMontard, Nathalie. "Estimation de la qualité perceptuelle de signaux numériques audiovisuels : de la qualité à l'acceptabilité du service." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET4009.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of digital technologies and multimedia landscape has led to the creation of several new services, a nex generation of terminals and new broadcasting conditions. These changes bring about new audio-visual monitoring techniques and re-open the whole question of the assessment of quality of service. . . [etc. ]
Billet, Yves-Gaël. "Adaptation dynamique d'applications multimédia à leur contexte d'exécution dans les réseaux du futur." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955366.
Повний текст джерелаNavarro, Xavier. "Un service d'application de transfert d'images." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10505.
Повний текст джерелаDeleuze, Eléna. "La blockchain au service de la protection du droit d'auteur dans le domaine du livre numérique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34656.
Повний текст джерелаDumeur, Axel. "Planification d'un réseau de diffusion pour des services convergents avec le cellulaire." Paris, ENST, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENST0047.
Повний текст джерелаDigital Television, which corresponds to DVB-T and DVB-H, enables new uses: in indoor and mobile reception and the engineering get closer to the cellular one. The first part of the work carried out deals with the deployment of digital broadcast network for mobile and indoor reception. One goal is to have a total coverage close to GSM. In addition to the classic MFN (Multi Frequency Network), one can consider SFN (Single Frequency Network) and mix MFN/SFN. A study is carried out on SFN network that relies on a statistical analysis of signal over interference ratio. The results enable the determination of possible inter-site distances. An approach is then developped for mix MFN/SFN networks. The second part deals with the joint management of the spectral ressource in the case of a coordinated deployment of a braodcast and a cellular network that use the same frequency band. Two points are discussed: a geographical reused of the spectrum and a temporal one. Concerning the geographical reuse, the reuse of frequency bands dedicated to digital broadcasting by system using UMTS air interface type is studied. The results show a notably degraded relative UMTS (downlink) capacity compared to a single UMTS network. A trade off between the quality of each network and the cost of such deployment has to be found. Concerning the dynamic and temporal reuse, the works carried out is related to the DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Allocation) approaches, developped in the European project DRIVE. An analytical model based on queueing theory is proposed; it uses MAP process
Su, Ziyi. "Application de gestion des droits numériques au système d'information d'entreprise." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737777.
Повний текст джерелаHouzet, Sophie. "Développement numérique, territoires et collectivités : vers un modèle ouvert." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931217.
Повний текст джерелаGardet, Guillaume. "Services de la société de l'information et commerce électronique." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_gardet_g.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe phenomenon of informatization of social had the effect to impact on some fundamental notions such as society, commerce and services. From this observation, our research brings us to gauge the scale and scope of the phenomenon of informatization of judicial relationships in the main contemporary judicial systems. This upheaval is tangible in literature through the use of specific terms such as "information society”, "information society services” and "electronic commerce”. Thus, our work will start with the observation of the phenomenon of informatization of social relationships by means of a cross-section study of the branches of the social and economic sciences to conclude on the transposition of these phenomena into law. The stake of our study is not to analyze a judicial mechanism as such. Our concern is to determine whether a fact of a special nature is likely or not to be acknowledged by law. Specifically, the question is to determine which of the notions of "electronic commerce” and "information society services” is subject to actual acknowledgement by law. Our research have shown that this notional upheaval mainly impacted the European Union judicial systems, as much in the Union itself as in the internal law of its member states. Is there, among these notions, and more specifically one of them, that of "information society services”, one that carries essential fundamental characteristics to be acknowledged as a judicial fact per se, which would then lead to the introduction of special law, the law of information society services. While the term "electronic commerce” is widely used both in the business community, by some authors and to a lesser extent by the legislator, the notion of "information society services” tends to stand out within the judicial organization of the European Union judicial systems
Thuillas, Olivier. "Les formes publiques de courtage informationnel : l’exemple des services géoCulture." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD016/document.
Повний текст джерелаPublic access platforms to cultural content are today marginal in comparison to the global development of private access platforms. The model of informational brokerage enables us to observe and describe these platforms by analysing the central function of intermediation and its positioning with the actors upstream and downstream the platform itself. The analysis of geoCulture services makes it possible to qualify these public forms of information brokerage and to differentiate them from private platforms. Fulfilling public service missions, the platforms studied are characterized by a strong desire for cooperation between the actors and the editorialization of content. However, their development remains restrained by the pursuit of divergent, perhaps even contradictory, goals. More precisely, the objective of moderating acommunity of contributors prevails on the development of usages, where as the latter remains the ultimate priority of private platforms
Chairat, Soundous. "Réseau de service asynchrone pour contrôle distribué dans un circuit numérique ou mixte." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT058/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor network (WSN) have experienced an incredible success these past years, especially due to the Internet of Thing (IoT) paradigm, which opened the door to much more interesting applications. The wireless sensor network nodes (WSNN) are used in nearly all smart houses applications, as a network of wearables or as entertainment devices. This keen interest in WSN is not without consequences, as many of these applications require from the node to be autonomous and thus energy efficient. The topic of energy efficiency for the WSN is rich and many teams are proposing as many solutions as there are applications. One of the most promising solutions is the integration of adaptive blocks in the node, which can adapt their performances and thus their energy expenditure according to the application, environment or the energy budget. This would allow any type of WSNN to operate at an optimum energy point and achieve the highest energy efficiency possible. However, this solution has its own issues. The work presented in this thesis deals with the control of these adaptive blocks.The aim of this work is to efficiently transfer the control data and the sense&react data throughout the node to and from the corresponding adaptive blocks. The nature of WSNN itself imposes the use of a communication network capable of a fast and independent wake and sleep mode, while the nature of the data dictate the need for a complementary communication network, as the data can be either analog or digital, and as such, a typical network is not capable of handling it without the help of secondary conversion blocks.In this manuscript, a first asynchronous communication network is proposed to deal with the issue at hand, mainly the transfer of configuration data throughout a network, in an event-driven fashion, hence the use of the QDI asynchronous logic. This network is digital only and two versions were designed, a serial and a hybrid one, and the serial version was implemented in silicon. Both proved to be energy efficient, as the serial network only needs 1pJ/bit, while the hybrid one consumes 0,07pJ/bit at 0.6V in a 28nm FDSOI technology.In the second part of this work, an improvement targeting simpler and mixed-signals circuits was carried out, including the design and analysis of a network capable of efficiently transferring analog data
Piedbois, Pascal. "Stratégies d'informatisation d'un service de cancérologie, et nouvelles approches du traitement graphique de l'information." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120023.
Повний текст джерелаDruilhe, Rémi. "L'Efficience Énergétique des Services dans les Systèmes Répartis Hétérogènes et Dynamiques : Application à la Maison Numérique." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915321.
Повний текст джерелаDruilhe, Rémi. "L’efficience énergétique des services dans les systèmes répartis hétérogènes et dynamiques : application à la maison numérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10130/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe proliferation of computer devices increases the energy consumption of the digital home. To limit this tendency, consumer electronic devices control their own energy consumption. Distributed environments offer new opportunities to manage the energy consumption of a set of devices. This work proposes to set an intelligent coordination between devices in order to limit the energy consumption of the set of devices while providing the same services. Our approach moves software components from one device to another in order to maximize the energy efficiency. The migrations are constrained by both the environment and the needs from software components, i.e., the heterogeneity, the dynamicity and the quality of service. Heterogeneity needs a model of each device and each service according to different criterion, e.g., hardware resources, user presence. Dynamicity needs to modify the distribution of the software components when a relevant event occurs, e.g., appearance of a device, in order to conserve energy efficiency. Finally, less energy consuming solutions must not impact the quality of service, e.g., satisfying the required hardware resources of the software components. We propose to model those properties. This model is then considered by an autonomic decision-making system. On the observation of relevant events, the system takes the decision to modify the distribution of the software components on the devices in order to reach the energy efficiency goal while satisfying to the quality of service
Harfouche, Antoine H. "Fracture liée aux e-services publics dans les pays en voie de développement, exemple du Liban." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090087.
Повний текст джерелаVincent, Johann. "Identité numérique en contexte Télécom." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01007682.
Повний текст джерелаMorestin, Fabrice. "L'informatique au service de la mécanique des solides." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, INSA de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462330.
Повний текст джерелаPastrana, Vidal Ricardo Rafael. "Vers une métrique perceptuelle de qualité audiovisuelle dans un contexte à service non garanti." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS060.
Повний текст джерелаGuidec, Frédéric. "Déploiement et support à l'exécution de services communicants dans les environnements d'informatique ambiante." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340426.
Повний текст джерелаLes travaux présentés proposent des éléments de réponse aux problèmes évoqués ci-dessus. Ces travaux se déclinent selon trois axes :
* La conception de méthodes et outils de type intergiciel permettant de doter des composants logiciels de la capacité de percevoir leur environnement d'exécution (vu comme un ensemble de ressources tant matérielles que logicielles), afin que ces composants puissent adapter dynamiquement leur comportement en fonction des caractéristiques de cet environnement, en négociant le cas échéant avec la plate-forme d'exécution qui les héberge l'accès aux ressources nécessaires à leur bon fonctionnement.
* Le support de la communication dans un environnement constitué de terminaux mobiles assemblés en réseau ad hoc (MANET) discontinu, en l'absence de connectivité de bout en bout au sein de ce réseau. Dans ce cas précis la connectivité réseau est elle-même perçue comme une ressource particulière dont la disponibilité fluctuante est tolérée via la mise en ouvre d'un protocole reposant sur le principe de la communication opportuniste.
* Une réflexion enfin sur la nature et les caractéristiques majeures des services applicatifs susceptibles d'être déployés sur des équipements mobiles assemblés en MANET discontinu. Cette réflexion est illustrée à travers quelques exemples concrets.
Kodys, Martin. "Raisonnement sémantique pour une plateforme d’assistance intelligente orienté bien-être et santé numérique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM033.
Повний текст джерелаConnected objects of everyday living have made their way into our lives. Known as Internet of Things, the various technologies inspire a vast variety of applications. One of the pioneer applications is the concept and development of a smart home. This is now spreading outdoors; making vehicles, buildings, and even large cities smart. Moreover, the technology is getting more personal as well – as wearing smart clothes and other self-tracking devices become increasingly common and popular. This is often referred to as the quantified self.One particular case of a smart environment is ambient assisted living, which is designed to enhance elderly people’s day-to-day life. Such a ubiquitous and unobtrusive computer system can also be ported to other domains and age groups. For instance, the tracking of daily activities can also help younger adults to improve their lifestyle. Everyone can be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, perform sufficient physical activity, and make more informed decisions about their mobility. These are direct factors in preventing health risks, such as metabolic diseases like the type 2 diabetes, and allow a better control over respiratory diseases like the asthma.Driven by these ideas, this thesis explores the possibilities of a web-based platform with a semantic rule-based reasoning. The thesis details the work on technical improvements, enhancements in activity recognition, extensions for data analysis, and a mobility-oriented application.Following a user-centric approach, a real life deployment of the described technologies is necessary. Two use cases are examined. First, I enhanced and built upon a pre-existing system, which consists of sensors and a gateway placed into elderly participants' homes. The second use case is the deployment of a mobile phone application for active mobility assistance. Collecting relevant and timely data, the application then outputs a level of recommendation for every type of mobility. The recommendations are based on each user’s exercise tracking device, which incorporates their goals, their profiles, and other publicly available data sources such as weather and air quality.This thesis describes the outcomes and lessons learnt from these deployments. In addition, this thesis provides an in-depth discussion as well as analytical insights on the results of the deployments
Baroumes, Laurent. "Comportement des composites à matrice métallique : du processus de fabrication à la tenue en service." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066728.
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