Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Service quantification"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Service quantification".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Service quantification"
1
Hammami, Wiem, Ilhem Souissi, and Lamjed Ben Said. "A New Fuzzy-Based Approach for Anonymity Quantification in E-Services." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 8, no. 3 (July 2014): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2014070102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In online services, making anonymous transactions is a crucial need in order to ensure the user's trust towards a particular service. In this context, anonymity quantification is required to provide at which level the e-service respects the user privacy regarding the link between his/her identity and actions. Most of the existing researches are limited to the anonymity quantification in a static way and based, mainly, on the user's set size. In this paper, the authors propose a new multi-agent based approach for anonymity quantification in e-services considering dynamic and mobile environment's characteristics. The authors' quantification is based on the fuzzy logic. It is based not only on the anonymity set size, which is always known in advance, but also on a set of other criteria such as the number of users and the priori and posteriori knowledge about internal and external attackers of an e-service. The carried out experimentations show competitive and better results when compared to other recently proposed anonymity quantification.
2
Burkhard, Benjamin, Marion Kandziora, Ying Hou, and Felix Müller. "Ecosystem service potentials, flows and demands-concepts for spatial localisation, indication and quantification." Landscape Online 34 (June 2, 2014): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201434.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The high variety of ecosystem service categorisation systems, assessment frameworks, indicators, quantification methods and spatial localisation approaches allows scientists and decision makers to harness experience, data, methods and tools. On the other hand, this variety of concepts and disagreements among scientists hamper an integration of ecosystem services into contemporary environmental management and decision making. In this article, the current state of the art of ecosystem service science regarding spatial localisation, indication and quantification of multiple ecosystem service supply and demand is reviewed and discussed. Concepts and tables for regulating, provisioning and cultural ecosystem service definitions, distinguishing between ecosystem service potential supply (stocks), flows (real supply) and demands as well as related indicators for quantification are provided. Furthermore, spatial concepts of service providing units, benefitting areas, spatial relations, rivalry, spatial and temporal scales are elaborated. Finally, matrices linking CORINE land cover types to ecosystem service potentials, flows, demands and budget estimates are provided. The matrices show that ecosystem service potentials of landscapes differ from flows, especially for provisioning ecosystem services.
3
Paputungan, Irving Vitra, Akmal Kurniadi Denna, and Devi Rachmawati. "Towards Service Level Agreement Quantification on Service-Based Computing." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika 8, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/jiteki.v8i2.23629.
Повний текст джерела
4
Arai, T., and Y. Shimomura. "Service CAD System - Evaluation and Quantification -." CIRP Annals 54, no. 1 (2005): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60145-0.
Повний текст джерела
5
Briaud, Stéphanie. "La sociologie et la quantification au service d’Isis." Cahiers d'histoire 31, no. 2 (November 6, 2013): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019282ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’isiacologie est un exemple de discipline étudiant l’Histoire de l’Antiquité, dont la méthodologie a connu de grands changements dans les années 1960-1970 conjointement à son institutionnalisation. Ici, deux grandes influences seront décrites : la sociologie et ses grands noms, comme P. Bourdieu, qui réfléchissent au concept de « science des religions » ; la quantification qui s’interroge sur l’application de cette méthode pour étudier des réalités — hautement — passées et l’histoire culturelle. La démonstration quantitative se fera en deux temps, avec une partie théorique puis pratique, à partir du catalogue SNRIS et privilégiant une étude des monnaies romaines isiaques.
6
Wei, Wei, Xiwen Ren, and Shiyi Guo. "Evaluation of Public Service Facilities in 19 Large Cities in China from the Perspective of Supply and Demand." Land 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The equalization of urban public service facilities is important to the daily lives of urban residents. Spatial quantification of the supply and demand of public service facilities can reveal relationships between supply and demand agents and provide a foundation for the planning of urban public service facilities. This study proposed a comprehensive framework to assess the current state of supply (accessibility of facilities) and demand (population carrying pressure) of various public services in cities and determine patterns between different public service facilities. This framework contains three elements: (a) multi-scale spatial quantification of the matching of supply and demand, (b) spatial matching of supply and demand, and (c) spatial clustering analysis of the supply and demand balance. This study analyzed 19 major cities in China from a supply and demand perspective and examined implications for matching the supply and demand of public service facilities. The results indicated that education service facilities had the most appropriate supply and demand relationship. Areas where public service facilities had a good matching of supply and demand demonstrated a strong pattern of clustering. There were significant differences in the level of matching of the supply and demand of public service facilities among various regions in China. The limitations of the framework and future directions are discussed.
7
González-Díaz, Patricia, Paloma Ruiz-Benito, Jorge Gosalbez Ruiz, Gregorio Chamorro, and Miguel A. Zavala. "A Multifactorial Approach to Value Supporting Ecosystem Services in Spanish Forests and Its Implications in a Warming World." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon storage and sequestration are key ecosystem services critical to human well-being and biodiversity conservation. In a warming context, the quantification and valuation of carbon storage and sequestration is important in ensuring that effective incentives are put in place to tackle climate change. The quantification and valuation of ES such as carbon storage and sequestration requires the calculus of actual values and prediction, however, it usually does not include key processes that can indirectly influence carbon dynamics (i.e., risk, conservation or management). Here, we define a multifactorial approach to value ecosystem services based on two stages: (1) a biophysical approximation that integrates yearly supporting ecosystem services (i.e., quantification of carbon storage and sequestration) and (2) a weighing approach including factors that indirectly influence carbon storage and sequestration or that deserve specific attention (i.e., risk, conservation or management factors). The quantification of carbon storage and sequestration indicated that Spanish forests store on average 43 Mg C ha−1 and sequestrate on average 1.02 Mg C ha−1 year−1. Forest structure was a strong determinant of carbon storage and sequestration in Iberian forests, hence there was a strong spatial variation in the carbon sink. We adapted the weighting values to a financial cap and the monetary value of carbon increased more than four times when the weighting factors were taken into account. Finally, we argue that a multifactorial approach to value supporting ecosystem services incorporating aspects related to conservation and risk prevention can facilitate ecosystem service valuation and assist policy makers and stakeholders to establish payment service policies.
8
Reymov, Temurbek. "ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF CROP PRODUCTION ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF KARAKALPAKSTAN AND TASHKENT REGION." JOURNAL OF AGRO PROCESSING 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9904-2020-6-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The given research work aims to analyze Ecosystem Services of crop production area of Uzbekistan, mainly in two regions: Republic of Karakalpakstan and Tashkent Province. After analysis, I will try to give proper assessment of ecosystem service using socio-economic quantification of Ecosystem Services. Mainly the market price valuation method is applied in this research.
9
Ryglová, Kateřina, and Ondřej Dufek. "The Evaluation of the Congressional Service Provider’s Potential." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 3 (2006): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654030183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper deals with the evaluation methodology of the service provider’s potential in the area of the congressional tourist trade where the provider means the owner of the congressional ground. In this contribution, the progress of creating the methodology is described; from quantification and ordering particular evaluating factors through levelling their importance with the aid of the weights up to the quantification of the congressional service provider’s potential through indexes. The suggested methodology is put into practice by testing on an existing congressional service provider. The given subject reached the value of index of congressional service provider’s potential ICP = 81,64 %, which ranked him into the category of excellent potential.
10
Březina, David, Jakub Michal, Zdeněk Adamec, and Jana Burdová. "Quantification of the economic value of the recreational function of forests in the territory of Městské lesy Hradec Králové a.s." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 5 (May 31, 2019): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/38/2019-jfs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article aims at the valuation of the potential and economic significance of the recreational ecosystem services of forests. The research was conducted in the area of Městské lesy Hradec Králové a.s. in 2018. A part of the questionnaire survey assessed by means of statistical analysis was based on the travel cost method and the contingent valuation method, which investigate the respondents’ willingness to pay for services resulting from the recreational ecosystem service of forests. The research specifically dealt with the visitors’ willingness to pay for the services resulting from the use of forest logging roads, forest clearings, and small structures of forest infrastructure. The questionnaires were created using foreign publications and case studies. The findings of the questionnaire survey indicated that visitors prevailingly believed that the recreational service provided by the area of interest should not be chargeable. The reason for this opinion was mainly the fact that the visitors perceive the forests in the territory of Městské lesy Hradec Králové a.s. as public goods, hence the access to them should be free of charge.
Дисертації з теми "Service quantification"
1
Elderbrock, Evan. "Revealing Promising Pathways for Increasing Urban Ecosystem Services: An Approach Combining Stakeholder Priorities with Ecosystem Service Quantification." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban development diminishes the delivery of ecosystem services (ES), defined as benefits from ecological processes and functions critical to human health and well-being. Land-use planners and environmental managers are increasingly familiar with the concept of ES; however, methods for incorporating ES into urban planning are underdeveloped. While previous reports have identified the combination of ES quantification and stakeholder engagement as necessary for increasing the delivery of ES, methods of implementation remain unexplored. To address this disparity, this study combines ES quantification with perspectives from multiple stakeholders to identify specific land cover conversion scenarios that increase the delivery of ES in the Friendly Area Neighborhood of Eugene, Oregon and compares each conversion scenario using an informed weighting system. The result is a method, with potential for use by researchers and public officials, to quantify the delivery of ES, identify stakeholders’ ES priorities, and assess the benefits associated with green infrastructure development.2020-01-11
2
Boedecker, Ashlynn Rose. "Evaluating sediments as an ecosystem service in western Lake Erie through quantification of nitrogen cycling pathways." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1545068281691301.
Повний текст джерела
3
Wurzbacher, Tobias. "Vocal fold dynamics : quantification and model-based classification /." Aachen : Shaker Verlag, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016315367&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Повний текст джерела
4
Sacco--Martret, de Préville Ambre. "Réseaux trophiques et services écosystémiques de régulation naturelle des communautés de carabes en champs de blé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARA091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’un des enjeux de l’agriculture moderne est la réduction de l’utilisation d’intrants chimiques, dont celle de pesticides. La régulation naturelle, en particulier la lutte biologique par conservation, est un levier prometteur de la gestion intégrée des nuisibles. Les carabes, des arthropodes abondants et diversifiés en agroécosystème, sont considérés comme de bons candidats pour la lutte biologique de par leur consommation d’une large diversité de ravageurs et d’adventices. Ce régime alimentaire opportuniste se traduit cependant par la consommation d’auxiliaires de culture et complexifie l’estimation des services apportés par les carabes. Cette thèse avait pour objectif d’apporter un éclairage sur la dynamique temporelle des interactions trophiques entre les carabes et leurs ressources en milieu agricole, afin d’estimer le potentiel de régulation de ces prédateurs.L’agriculture par conservation, comparée à l’agriculture conventionnelle, s’est révélée avoir un effet bénéfique sur les communautés de carabes et sur la régulation des pucerons. L’analyse moléculaire de contenu stomacal des carabes nous a permis de confirmer que les carabes consomment des ravageurs et qu’en leur absence ils se maintiennent grâce à des proies alternatives. Toutefois, la détection d’une interaction trophique par analyse moléculaire dépend de nombreux facteurs comme la nature de la proie, la voracité du prédateur ou sa taille. Une expérience complémentaire a montré que l’analyse moléculaire tend à sous-estimer la prédation des pucerons relativement à celle des vers de terre, soulignant à nouveau le potentiel des carabes en tant qu'agent de biocontrôleOne major challenge of modern agriculture is to reduce the use of chemical inputs, particularly pesticides. Natural regulation, in particular conservation biological control, is a promising lever for integrated pest management. Carabids, abundant and diverse arthropods in agroecosystems, are considered good candidates for biological control due to their consumption of a wide variety of pests and weeds. However, this opportunistic diet also results in the consumption of auxiliaries and makes it difficult to estimate the services provided by carabids. This PhD aimed to shed light on the temporal dynamics of trophic interactions between carabid beetles and their resources in agroecosystems,in order to estimate the regulation potential of these predators. Conservation agriculture, compared to conventional agriculture, had a positive effect on carabid communities and aphid regulation. Molecular gut content analysis confirmed that carabids consume pests, including aphids, and that in the absence of pests they survive thanks to alternative preys. However, the detection of a trophic interaction by molecular analysis depends on many factors as prey identity, predator voracity and predator size. An additional study showed that molecular analysis tends to underestimate aphid predation relatively to earthworm predation, highlighting again the potential of carabids as biocontrol agents
5
Triantafyllidou, Simoni. "Lead (Pb) Contamination of Potable Water: Public Health Impacts, Galvanic Corrosion and Quantification Considerations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of lead exposure through drinking water was re-examined in light of modern public health goals, recent high-profile cases of elevated lead in water, and emerging concerns regarding the efficacy of legally mandated remedial strategies.
A critical literature review revealed that serious lead-in-water hazards are present at many US schools and homes, and that the threat to individuals is not eliminated by existing regulations. Health studies have provided strong links between lead in water and lead in blood of exposed populations, even at relatively low levels of exposure compared to reported lead occurrence in US tap water samples. As efforts shift from addressing pervasive lead sources that once elevated the blood lead of large percentages of the population, to more isolated individual cases requiring exceptional attention, the importance of carefully considering lead in water as a potential source for elevated blood lead increases.
Consistent with decades of prior research linking elevated water lead to elevated blood lead (EBL), lead-contaminated water in the high-profile case of Washington DC markedly increased the incidence of EBL for very young children. Specifically, incidence of EBL for children aged ≤ 1.3 years increased more than 4 times during 2001-2003 when lead in water was high, compared to 2000 when lead in water was low. The incidence of EBL for children aged ≤ 1.3 years was highly correlated (R² = 0.81) to 90th percentile lead-in-water levels from 2000-2007, and the risk of exposure to high water lead levels varied markedly in different neighborhoods of the city. Analysis conducted herein focused on identifying "worst-case" neighborhoods and populations. Specifically, this was the first study of the Washington DC case to focus on infants who are most vulnerable to harm from lead in water, and to perform smaller area analysis at the neighborhood (i.e., zip code) level in order to capture pockets of high risk among local communities.
Prior biokinetic modeling efforts, examining the potential adverse impacts of lead-in-water exposure, were re-examined to explicitly consider new public health goals. This included impacts on the most sensitive population groups (e.g., young children and particularly formula-fed infants), the potential variability in blood lead levels (BLLs) amongst exposed individuals within those groups (e.g., most sensitive children at the upper tail of the BLL distribution), more conservative BLL thresholds reflecting low-level adverse effects (e.g., 5, 2 and 1 µg/dL versus 10 µg/dL), and the possibility of acute health impacts. This re-evaluation creates a paradigm shift, in that levels of lead in water that were previously considered inconsequential are demonstrated to be of concern in specific circumstances.
The replacement of lead service lines in front of consumers' homes is a costly, federally mandated remedial action if a water utility exceeds the US EPA lead action level. Because utilities do not own the entire lead service line, they often only replace the portion of the service line up to the property line, typically with copper pipe. Experiences in Washington DC, as revealed by Freedom of Information Act requests, indicated that partial pipe replacements were not decreasing lead in water, and were actually associated with relatively high incidence of childhood lead poisoning. This prompted the first comprehensive investigation of potential long-term problems arising from galvanic corrosion between the remaining lead pipe and the newly installed copper pipe. Bench-scale experiments demonstrated that galvanic connections between lead pipe (new or aged) and copper pipe increased lead release into the water by 1.1-16 times, when compared to a full length of lead pipe alone. The small area of lead pipe adjacent to the copper joint (<0.5 ft) was gravely affected by galvanic corrosion, and accumulated a thick lead-rust layer (1 inch wide) that constituted a reservoir for semi-random particulate lead detachment into the water.
The work on simulated partial pipe replacements revealed that under worst-case scenarios of highly contaminated water samples, most of the lead was not quantified if water samples were not mixed thoroughly after standard preservation (i.e., after addition of 0.15% v/v HNO₃), or if water samples were transferred from one bottle to another prior to preservation. While there is no reason to believe that sample handling and pre-treatment dramatically skew regulatory compliance with the US EPA lead action level, slight variations from one approved protocol to another may cause lead-in-water health risks to be dramatically underestimated. This is of special concern in unusual situations of "worst-case" individual exposures to highly contaminated water, associated with childhood lead poisoning.
This work provides the water industry and health agencies with important new insights and perspectives on an old problem. Results can improve strategies to detect and mitigate lead-in-water hazards for individuals or populations, and inform future revisions to the US EPA Lead and Copper Rule.Ph. D.
6
Saverimoutou, Antoine. "Métrologie de l'internet du futur : caractérisation, quantification et prédiction de la qualité de la navigation web." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0186.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La navigation Web est l'un des principaux services de l’Internet où un large éventail d'acteurs est impliqué et évolue de manière constante. Les nouveaux protocoles de l’Internet, les réseaux de diffusion de contenu (CDN) ou encore les évolutions des différents navigateurs Web sont destinés à améliorer les temps de chargement des pages. Pour mieux comprendre la Qualité d'Expérience (QoE) perçue par les utilisateurs, il est donc essentiel d’identifier comment le contenu des pages est constitué et délivré et de fournir une métrique de QoE pertinente. Dans cette thèse, nous avons conçu un nouvel outil, Web View, destiné à effectuer des sessions de navigation Web automatisées et mesurant de nombreuses informations liées à l’écosystème du Web. Nous avons aussi défini une nouvelle métrique Web, le Time for Full Visual Rendering (TFVR). À partir de plus de 18 trillions de mesures effectuées pendant 2,5 ans sur les 10,000 sites Web les plus visités (selon la classification Alexa), nous avons utilisé des techniques statistiques pour identifier les paramètres clés qualifiant et quantifiant la qualité de la navigation Web. Cet ensemble de facteurs a été confirmé par un processus d'apprentissage automatique, donnant en sortie un ensemble de règles pour prédire les temps de chargement des pages Web. Pour les pages Web où des fluctuations dans les temps de chargement sont fréquentes, nous avons utilisé des modèles de chaines de Markov cachées suivant un processus de Dirichlet hiérarchique (HDP-HMM) pour enrichir notre modèle et ainsi augmenter le taux de prédiction correspondant. L'évaluation de notre modèle basé sur un arbre de décision sur des sites Web jamais mesurés montre que nous pouvons prédire correctement la qualité de la navigation Web. Ces travaux visent ainsi à permettre aux opérateurs de réseaux et aux fournisseurs de services d’augmenter la Qualité de Service (QoS) offerte à leurs clientsWeb browsing is one of the main Internet services where a wide set of actors are involved and evolves constantly. New Internet protocols, Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or web browsers’evolutions are meant to improve web pages’ loading times. In order to better understand the Quality of Experience (QoE) perceived by end-users, it is of prime importance to identify how web pages’ content is composed and delivered as well as providing are levant QoE metric. In this thesis, we have designed a new tool, Web View, meant to perform automatic Web browsing and measures several aspects of the Web browsing eco-system. We have also introduced a new web metric, the Time for Full Visual Rendering (TFVR). From more than 18 Trillion measurements performed over 2.5 years on the Top 10,000 Alexa websites, we have used statistical techniques to identify the key parameters qualifying and quantifying web browsing quality. This set of factors has been confirmed by a machine learning process, which gives as output the set of rules to predict web pages’ loading times. For websites where fluctuations in loading times happen regularly, we have used the Hierarchical Dirich let Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM) to enrich our rulesbased models in order to increase the correctness in prediction rates. The evaluation of our decision treebased model on never assessed websites shows that we can correctly predict web browsing quality. This work aims at helping network operators and service providers to increase the Quality of Service (QoS) offered to their customers
7
Mesmin, Xavier. "La régulation naturelle des insectes ravageurs des cultures légumières et ses conséquences sur la production : quantification du service fourni et recherche de leviers pour son intensification." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARC134/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le développement d’une agriculture moins dépendante des pesticides repose en partie sur la maximisation des services écosystémiques. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était de quantifier le service de régulation des insectes ravageurs par leurs ennemis naturels, en conditions expérimentales et en situation de production. Le travail a porté sur les brassicacées légumières soumises aux attaques de ravageurs aériens et souterrains (pucerons et mouche du chou). Nous avons évalué leur nuisibilité pour quantifier les dégâts et dommages qu’ils peuvent générer. Nos résultats confirment la moindre nuisibilité des pucerons par rapport à celle de la mouche du chou. Pour celle-ci, la nuisibilité sur légume-fleur s’exprime non seulement par la mortalité des plants mais aussi par un effet sur leur développement.Nous avons également montré que les prédateurs épigés réduisaient significativement les populations des deux ravageurs, ce qui, pour la mouche du chou, conduit à une baisse conséquente de la mortalité des plants. Enfin, simplifier le travail du sol au printemps n’a pas permis de favoriser les prédateurs hivernant dans la parcelle, ni d’augmenter le service de régulation à court terme. Cependant les prédateurs précoces sont déterminants et doivent être favorisés par des pratiques intra- et péri-parcellaires ciblées. Les connaissances acquises dans ce travail démontrent le potentiel de la lutte biologique par conservation pour une gestion agro-écologique efficace des insectes ravageursDevelopping farming systems that use less pesticides is partly based on the intensification of ecosystem services. The main aim of this thesis was to quantify the insect pest regulation service provided by their natural enemies, both in experimental plots and in farmers fields. We worked on brassicaceous vegetables that are confronted to pest attacks on above- and belowground organs (aphids and the cabbage root fly). We assessed their harmfulness, in order to quantify the injuries and damage these pests can inflict to plants. Our results confirm that aphids are less harmful than the cabbage root fly. On flower vegetables, the latter not only leads to plant mortality but can also slow plant development.We also showed that ground dwelling predators significantly reduce the populations of both pests, leading, for the cabbage root fly, to a strong decrease in plant mortality rate. Finally, simplifying soil tillage in the spring did not favor ground dwelling predators overwintering inside the field and neither did it increase natural regulation service in the short term. However, early ground dwelling predators are fundamental and must be favored by tailored practices both inside and around the fields. The knowledge gained in the present thesis show the potential of conservation biological control for the agroecological management of insect pest populations
8
Getachew, Girma. "Tannins in tropical multipurpose tree species : localisation and quantification of tannins using histochemical approaches and the effect of tannins on in vitro rumen fermentation /." Stuttgart : Ulrich E. Grauer, 1999. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009095947&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Повний текст джерела
9
Chandoul, Wided. "Conception et réalisation d'un système d'aide à la gestion des tensions dans les services d'urgences pédiatriques : vers des nouvelles approches d'évaluation, de quantification et d'anticipation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0010/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La Tension dans un Service d’Urgences (SU) est un déséquilibre entre le flux de charge des soins et la capacité de prise en charge sur une durée suffisante pouvant entrainer des conséquences néfastes au bon fonctionnement. Elle se reflète par la surcharge des locaux, l’allongement des délais de traitement et d’attente. Ce qui provoque à la fois l’insatisfaction des patients et l’anxiété du personnel. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet HOST financé par le programme ANR-TECSAN-2011 afin d’élaborer un Système d'Aide à la Gestion de la Tension (SAGeT) assurant trois objectifs:1. L’évaluation multicritère grâce à une panoplie d’indicateurs agrégés par la logique floue afin de résoudre la subjectivité du ressentie humain de la tension. Chaque scénario d’évaluation déclenche des règles de décision spécifiques ciblant ainsi des points de défaillance à surveiller.2. L’anticipation de la demande sur différents horizons temporels : l’application des méthodes SARIMA et SARIMAX est justifiée par la saisonnalité des chroniques de visites et l’influence de certains paramètres externes (épidémies, vacances, météo). De plus, la qualité de l’information venant de l’historique a été améliorée par une recomposition d’historique basée sur la vraisemblance journalière.3. L’amélioration de la gestion des flux et le pilotage de l’activité puisque l’utilisation de SAGeT comme un tableau de bord offre une vue macro sur l’ensemble de l’activité (lits occupés, patients en attente, durées de passages prévisionnelles et allongements excessifs). Les simulations traitent des vrais scénarios de tension observés entre 2011 et 2013 dans le SU Pédiatriques Jeanne de Flandre du CHRU-LilleHe strain in an Emergency Department (ED) is an imbalance between the total demand load of healthcare treatment and resources ability to support it during a convenient horizon, which may results negative consequences on the smooth running of the activity. It is reflected by overcrowding, longer treatment and waiting times which causes both patients dissatisfaction and anxiety of personnel. This thesis is part of the HOST project funded by the ANR-TECSAN-2011 program to develop a Management Support System of Strain (MSSS) ensuring three objectives:1. Multi-criteria evaluation through a variety of indicators aggregated by fuzzy logic to solve the subjectivity of the human feeling of strain. Each evaluation scenario involves specific decision rules targeting to supervise failure points.2. Demand forecasting through several time horizons: applying SARIMA and SARIMAX methods is justified by the time series seasonality of visits and the influence of some external parameters (epidemics, holidays, weather). In addition, the quality of the historical information has been improved by a history rebuilding based on the daily likelihood.3. Improving flow management and activity monitoring since the use of MSSS as a dashboard provides a macro view of the whole activity (beds occupied, waiting, estimated length of stay, excessive elongation).The simulations address real strain scenarios observed between 2011 and 2013 in the Pediatric ED Jeanne de Flandre of the Regional University Hospital of Lille (France)
10
Mballo, Souleymane. "Quantification et modélisation des services climatiques rendus par les arbres dans une rue canyon." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARD097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le changement climatique global et les épisodes extrêmes qu’il induit sont devenus l’un des enjeux majeurs de ce siècle. La compréhension du microclimat en milieu urbain suscite une attention croissante de la part des chercheurs depuis quelques années, en raison des phénomènes de surchauffe observés en ville et de la densité de population qui en font un environnement sensible aux vagues de chaleur. De nombreuses études ont montré que la végétation peut réduire la température de l’air en ville, mais ces bénéfices dépendent de l'environnement construit, et de nombreuses variables souvent non maitrisées en ville, comme la disponibilité de l'eau pour les végétaux. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse vise à analyser et quantifier les services climatiques rendus dans une rue canyon par des arbres en confort hydrique. Elle s’appuie sur une double approche associant expérimentation et modélisation. Des campagnes de terrain ont été réalisées sur une maquette arborée à l’échelle (1/5) installée en milieu extérieur sur le site de l’Institut Agro, à Angers, France. Sur le plan numérique, des simulations 2D du climat distribué en régime instationnaire ont été réalisés selon une approche de type CFD. Entre autres résultats, les travaux de cette thèse ont montré que la rue canyon crée une surchauffe pouvant aller jusqu’à 2.8 °C pendant la nuit, et jusqu'à 2.4°C pendant la journée, et que les arbres peuvent réduire la température de l'air dans la rue de 2.7 °C pendant la journée et améliorer le confort humain thermique en réduisant jusqu’à 8 °C les valeurs de l’UTCI à la mi-journée. Ce travail fournit des éléments de quantification qui pourront aider les décideurs dans leur politique d’aménagementGlobal climate change and the extreme events it induces have become one of the major issues of this century. Understanding the microclimate in urban areas has received increasing attention from researchers in recent years, due to the overheating phenomena observed in cities and the population density that makes them a sensitive environment for heat waves. Several studies have shown that vegetation can reduce air temperature in cities, but these benefits depend on the built environment, and on many variables often not controlled in cities, such as water availability for plants. In this context, this thesis aims to analyze and quantify the climatic services provided in a canyon street by well-watered trees. It is based on a double approach combining experimentation and modeling. Field campaigns were carried out on a tree model at scale (1/5) installed in an outdoor environment on the site of the Institut Agro, in Angers, France. On the numerical approach, 2D simulations of the distributed climate in unsteady regime were performed using a CFD approach. Among other results, the work of this thesis showed that the canyon street creates overheating of up to 2.8 °C during the night, and up to 2.4 °C during the day, and that trees can reduce the air temperature in the street by 2.7 °C during the day, and improve human thermal comfort by reducing mid-day UTCI values by up to 8 °C. This work provides quantification elements that can help decision makers in their planning policies
Книги з теми "Service quantification"
1
Carpenter, Julie. Quantification of the overseas market for professional consultancy services in librarianship and informationscience (LIS) and information management. [U.K.]: British Library Research and Development Department, 1992.
Знайти повний текст джерела
2
Associates, Carpenter Davies. Quantification of the overseas market for professional consultancy services in librarianship and information science (LIS) and information management. [London]: British Library Research & Development Dept., 1992.
Знайти повний текст джерела
3
Borchers, Wayne Peter. Quantification of the S-3 Viking Aircraft Service Period Adjustment (ASPA) program. 1986.
Знайти повний текст джерела
4
Guillén, Montserrat, Jaume Belles-Sampers, and Miguel Santolino. Risk Quantification and Allocation Methods for Practitioners. Amsterdam University Press, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерела
5
Guillén, Montserrat, Miguel Santolino, and Jaume Belles-Sampera. Risk Quantification and Allocation Methods for Practitioners. Amsterdam University Press, 2017.
Знайти повний текст джерела
6
Heck, Richard Kimberly. Logicism, Ontology, and the Epistemology of Second-Order Logic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792161.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In two recent papers, Bob Hale has attempted to free second-order logic of the “staggering existential assumptions” with which Quine famously attempted to saddle it. This chapter argues, first, that the ontological issue is at best secondary: the crucial issue about second-order logic, at least for a neo-logicist, is epistemological. It is then argued that neither Crispin Wright’s attempt to characterize a ‘neutralist’ conception of quantification that is wholly independent of existential commitment, nor Hale’s attempt to characterize the second-order domain in terms of definability, can serve a neo-logicist’s purposes. The problem, in both cases, is similar: neither Wright nor Hale is sufficiently sensitive to the demands that impredicativity imposes. Finally, the chapter defends the author’s own earlier attempt to finesse this issue, in “A Logic for Frege’s Theorem,” from Hale’s criticisms.
7
Hilgurt, S. Ya, and O. A. Chemerys. Reconfigurable signature-based information security tools of computer systems. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.458.297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book is devoted to the research and development of methods for combining computational structures for reconfigurable signature-based information protection tools for computer systems and networks in order to increase their efficiency. Network security tools based, among others, on such AI-based approaches as deep neural networking, despite the great progress shown in recent years, still suffer from nonzero recognition error probability. Even a low probability of such an error in a critical infrastructure can be disastrous. Therefore, signature-based recognition methods with their theoretically exact matching feature are still relevant when creating information security systems such as network intrusion detection systems, antivirus, anti-spam, and wormcontainment systems. The real time multi-pattern string matching task has been a major performance bottleneck in such systems. To speed up the recognition process, developers use a reconfigurable hardware platform based on FPGA devices. Such platform provides almost software flexibility and near-ASIC performance. The most important component of a signature-based information security system in terms of efficiency is the recognition module, in which the multipattern matching task is directly solved. It must not only check each byte of input data at speeds of tens and hundreds of gigabits/sec against hundreds of thousand or even millions patterns of signature database, but also change its structure every time a new signature appears or the operating conditions of the protected system change. As a result of the analysis of numerous examples of the development of reconfigurable information security systems, three most promising approaches to the construction of hardware circuits of recognition modules were identified, namely, content-addressable memory based on digital comparators, Bloom filter and Aho–Corasick finite automata. A method for fast quantification of components of recognition module and the entire system was proposed. The method makes it possible to exclude resource-intensive procedures for synthesizing digital circuits on FPGAs when building complex reconfigurable information security systems and their components. To improve the efficiency of the systems under study, structural-level combinational methods are proposed, which allow combining into single recognition device several matching schemes built on different approaches and their modifications, in such a way that their advantages are enhanced and disadvantages are eliminated. In order to achieve the maximum efficiency of combining methods, optimization methods are used. The methods of: parallel combining, sequential cascading and vertical junction have been formulated and investigated. The principle of multi-level combining of combining methods is also considered and researched. Algorithms for the implementation of the proposed combining methods have been developed. Software has been created that allows to conduct experiments with the developed methods and tools. Quantitative estimates are obtained for increasing the efficiency of constructing recognition modules as a result of using combination methods. The issue of optimization of reconfigurable devices presented in hardware description languages is considered. A modification of the method of affine transformations, which allows parallelizing such cycles that cannot be optimized by other methods, was presented. In order to facilitate the practical application of the developed methods and tools, a web service using high-performance computer technologies of grid and cloud computing was considered. The proposed methods to increase efficiency of matching procedure can also be used to solve important problems in other fields of science as data mining, analysis of DNA molecules, etc. Keywords: information security, signature, multi-pattern matching, FPGA, structural combining, efficiency, optimization, hardware description language.
Частини книг з теми "Service quantification"
1
Liu, Yan, and Dan M. Frangopol. "Optimal Maintenance of Naval Vessels Considering Service Life Uncertainty." In Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 3, 301–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74793-4_35.
Повний текст джерела
2
Canul-Polanco, J. A., and O. M. Jensen. "Variation in Phase Quantification of White Portland Cement by XRD." In Concrete Durability and Service Life Planning, 8–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43332-1_2.
Повний текст джерела
3
Guter-Sandu, Andrei, and Andrea Mennicken. "Quantification = Economization? Numbers, Ratings and Rankings in the Prison Service of England and Wales." In The New Politics of Numbers, 307–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78201-6_10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper uses the case of prison privatization in England and Wales to scrutinize what it means to “economize the social” through numbers. It argues that we ought to be careful not to equate quantification with economization. To uncover the multiple effects of economization and quantification brought about by new public management reforms and prison privatization, one needs to set presumed dichotomies between the public and the private aside and turn instead to the multiplicity of economizing practices (curtailing, marketizing, financializing) and their implication in different forms of quantification. Ironically, numbers and state contracts governing privately managed prisons also shielded these establishments from economization (e.g. budgetary savings requests); and it is the public prisons that have been exposed the most to measures of government austerity.
4
Vettori, Silvia, Emilio Di Lorenzo, Roberta Cumbo, Umberto Musella, Tommaso Tamarozzi, Bart Peeters, and Eleni Chatzi. "Kalman-Based Virtual Sensing for Improvement of Service Response Replication in Environmental Tests." In Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 3, 93–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47638-0_11.
Повний текст джерела
5
Kieninger, Axel, Florian Berghoff, Hansjörg Fromm, and Gerhard Satzger. "Simulation-Based Quantification of Business Impacts Caused by Service Incidents." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 170–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36356-6_13.
Повний текст джерела
6
Montomoli, Francesco, Mauro Carnevale, Antonio D’Ammaro, Michela Massini, and Simone Salvadori. "Manufacturing and in Service Uncertainty and Impact on Life and Performance." In Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aircraft Engines, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14681-2_1.
Повний текст джерела
7
Massini, M., and Francesco Montomoli. "Manufacturing/In-Service Uncertainty and Impact on Life and Performance of Gas Turbines/Aircraft Engines." In Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aircraft Engines, 1–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92943-9_1.
Повний текст джерела
8
Kruschke, Thomas, Theresa Riedelsheimer, and Kai Lindow. "Considering LCA in System Architectures of Smart-Circular PSS." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 694–702. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_78.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe realization of smart-circular Product-Service Systems has theoretically promising advantages compared to traditional products. Nevertheless, the sustainability improvement, especially for the ecological dimension is not yet satisfactorily proved. In this paper, the authors examined the current state of research within a systematic literature review with a specific focus on the overlap of the topics: Life Cycle Assessment, Model-Based Systems Engineering, Product-Service Systems, and Circular Economy. The aim is to analyze the potential of a proactive quantification of the ecological impact in an early stage during the development of smart-circular PSS – the system architecture definition. As a result of the systematic review, 27 relevant papers were identified and analyzed and the findings are presented in a structured way. The main finding is that the current state of the art in this research field still is in the conceptualization stage. In addition, a proactive approach is rare and circularity is not considered to its fullest. Quantified use cases do not draw the system boundaries Cradle-to-Cradle and not every of the 9R-strategies is considered. Furthermore, the potentials and challenges of the revealed research gap are summarized.
9
Khanal, Sami. "Services from Agroecosystems and Their Quantification." In Engineering and Ecosystems, 247–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35692-6_11.
Повний текст джерела
10
Zheng, Jian, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, and Jingyu Zhao. "Quantification of Natural Multimodal Interaction Capacity." In Cross-Cultural Design. User Experience of Products, Services, and Intelligent Environments, 269–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49788-0_20.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Service quantification"
1
Slavicek, Karel, Otto Dostal, and Michal Javornik. "Service availability quantification in datacommunication networks." In 2011 34th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.6043772.
Повний текст джерела
2
Mannikar, A. V., J. D. Petkar, A. B. Komawar, and S. Raju. "Quantification of Service Loads on Agricultural Tractors." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/962554.
Повний текст джерела
3
Tanimoto, Shigeaki, Ken Takahashi, Taro Yabuki, Kazuhiko Kato, Motoi Iwashita, Hiroyuki Sato, and Atsushi Kanai. "Risk assessment quantification in life log service." In 2014 15th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snpd.2014.6888723.
Повний текст джерела
4
Wang, Yanting, Huichao Liang, and Jian Liu. "The Quantification of Individual Tacit Knowledge." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998942.
Повний текст джерела
5
Tapolcai, Janos, Piotr Cholda, Tibor Cinkler, Krzyszt Wajda, Andrzej Jajszczyk, and Dominique Verchere. "Joint Quantification of Resilience and Quality of Service." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2006.254841.
Повний текст джерела
6
Alipio, Pedro, Solange Rito Lima, and Paulo Carvalho. "A unified metric for quality of service quantification." In 2nd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques. ICST, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.simutools2009.5761.
Повний текст джерела
7
Han, Jingtao, Spyke Krepshaw, and Dongwon Lee. "Gatekeeper: Analyzing G-Indexes and Improving Service Quantification." In JCDL '20: The ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries in 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3383583.3398528.
Повний текст джерела
8
Zhang, Yi, Samuel H. Huang, and Jeff Guo. "Hypergeometric hypothesis test-based quantification of drug and adverse drug reaction association." In 2012 9th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2012.6252314.
Повний текст джерела
9
Cho, Hyeisun, Seulgi Lee, Nakhyun Kim, Byungik Kim, and Junhyung Park. "Method of Quantification of Cyber Threat Based on Indicator of Compromise." In 2018 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/platcon.2018.8472733.
Повний текст джерела
10
Wehbi, Nour, and Wael Slika. "A HEALTH MONITORING FRAMEWORK FOR OPTIMAL SERVICE LIFE PREDICTIONS OF STEEL STRUCTURES UNDER FATIGUE LOADING." In 2nd International Conference on Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Sciences and Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120219.6367.18854.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Service quantification"
1
Stakes, Keith, and Joseph Willi. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure -- Acquired Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ceci9490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous FSRI led research projects have focused on examining the fire environment with regards to current building construction methods, synthetic fuel loading, and best-practices in firefighting strategies and tactics. More than 50 experiments have been previously conducted utilizing furniture to produce vent-limited fire conditions, replicating the residential fire environment, and studying the methods of horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack. Tactical considerations generated from the research are intended to provide fire departments with information to evaluate their standard operating procedures and make improvements, if necessary, to increase the safety and effectiveness of firefighting crews. Unfortunately, there still exists a long standing disconnect between live-fire training and the fireground as evident by continued line of duty injury and death investigations that point directly to a lack of realistic yet safe training, which highlights a continued misunderstanding of fire dynamics within structures. The main objective of the Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure is to evaluate training methods and fuel packages in several different structures commonly used across the fire service to provide and highlight considerations to increase both safety and fidelity. This report is focused on the evaluation of live-fire training in acquired structures. A full scale structure was constructed using a similar floor plan as in the research projects for horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack to provide a comparison between the modern fire environment and the training ground. The structure was instrumented which allowed for the quantification of fire behavior, the impact of various ventilation tactics, and provided the ability to directly compare these experiments with the previous research. Twelve full scale fire experiments were conducted within the test structure using two common training fuel packages: 1) pallets, and 2) pallets and oriented strand board (OSB). To compare the training fuels to modern furnishings, the experiments conducted were designed to replicate both fire and ventilation location as well as event timing to the previous research. Horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack methods were tested, examining the proximity of the vent location to the fire (near vs. far). Each ventilation configuration in this series was tested twice with one of the two training fuel loads. The quantification of the differences between modern furnishings and wood-based training fuel loads and the impact of different ventilation tactics is documented through a detailed comparison to the tactical fireground considerations from the previous research studies. The experiments were compared to identify how the type of fuel used in acquired structures impacts the safety and fidelity of live-fire training. The comparisons in this report characterized initial fire growth, the propensity for the fire to become ventilation limited, the fires response to ventilation, and peak thermal exposure to students and instructors. Comparisons examined components of both functional and physical fidelity. Video footage was used to assess the visual cues, a component of the fire environment that is often difficult to replicate in training due to fuel load restrictions. The thermal environment within the structure was compared between fuel packages with regards to the potential tenability for both students and instructors.
2
Christensen, Lance. PR-459-133750-R03 Fast Accurate Automated System To Find And Quantify Natural Gas Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011633.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Miniature natural gas sensors weighing a few hundred grams with 10 ppb s-1 sensitivity towards methane and ppb s-1 sensitivity towards methane and ethane present the energy industry with cost effective ways to improve safety, comply with State and Federal regulations, decrease natural gas emissions, and attribute natural gas indications to thermogenic or biogenic sources. One particularly promising implementation is on small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) flown by service providers or in-house personnel or even more ambitiously as part of larger network conducting autonomous, continual monitoring. This report describes refinement of the OPLS measurement system to include all ancillary instruments needed to put OPLS methane and ethane measurements into context for leak surveillance, localization, and quantification. Flights were conducted on a variety of VTOLs and fixed wing drones as described below to ensure that the overall system development resulted in a system that was platform agnostic. This report describes: - The complete agnostic OPLS measurement system.The individual components are described and their performance investigated.Technical issues that arose during testing and field deployment are described. - Field experiments of the refined OPLS measurement system at a real-world oil and gas production site.These experiments exercise the OPLS system's ability to do leak surveillance, localization, and quantification. - Laboratory development of the OPLS instrument to improve its performance in terms of signal-to-noise and accuracy. - Field experiments demonstrating the successful application of OPLS on a fixed-wing hybrid flown at altitudes higher than 50 m. - Field experiments demonstrating the utility of source attribution using the ethane measurement capability. There is a related webinar.
3
di Giovanni, Julian, Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Alvaro Silva, and Muhammed A. Yıldırım. Pandemic-Era Inflation Drivers and Global Spillovers. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We estimate a multi-country, multi-sector New Keynesian model to quantify the drivers of domestic inflation during 2020–23 in several countries, including the United States. The model matches observed inflation together with sector-level prices and wages. We further measure the relative importance of different types of shocks on inflation across countries over time. The key mechanism, the international transmission of demand, supply and energy shocks through global linkages helps us to match the behavior of the USD/EUR exchange rate. The quantification exercise yields four key findings. First, negative supply shocks to factors of production, labor and intermediate inputs, initially sparked inflation in 2020-21. Global supply chains and complementarities in production played an amplification role in this initial phase. Second, positive aggregate demand shocks, due to stimulative policies, widened demand-supply imbalances, amplifying inflation further during 2021-22. Third, the reallocation of consumption between goods and service sectors, a relative sector-level demand shock, played a role in transmitting these imbalances across countries through the global trade and production network. Fourth, global energy shocks have differential impacts on the U.S. relative to other countries’ inflation rates. Further, complementarities between energy and other inputs to production play a particularly important role in the quantitative impact of these shocks on inflation.
4
Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.
5
Madrzykowski, Daniel. Firefighter Equipment Operational Environment: Evaluation of Thermal Conditions. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/igfm4492.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this study was to review the available literature to develop a quantitative description of the thermal conditions firefighters and their equipment are exposed to in a structural fire environment. The thermal exposure from the modern fire environment was characterized through the review of fire research studies and fire-ground incidents that provided insight and data to develop a range of quantification. This information was compared with existing standards for firefighting protective equipment to generate a sense of the gap between known information and the need for improved understanding. The comparison of fire conditions with the thermal performance requirements of firefighter protective gear and equipment demonstrates that a fire in a compartment can generate conditions that can fail the equipment that a firefighter wears or uses. The review pointed out the following: 1. The accepted pairing of gas temperature ranges with a corresponding range of heat fluxes does not reflect all compartment fire conditions. There are cases in which the heat flux exceeds the hazard level of the surrounding gas temperature. 2. Thermal conditions can change within seconds. Experimental conditions and incidents were identified in which firefighters would be operating in thermal conditions that were safe for operation based on the temperature and heat flux, but then due to a change in the environment the firefighters would be exposed to conditions that could exceed the protective capabilities of their PPE. 3. Gas velocity is not explicitly considered within the thermal performance requirements. Clothing and equipment tested with a hot air circulating (convection) oven are exposed to gas velocities that measure approximately 1.5 m/s (3 mph). In contrast, the convected hot gas flows within a structure fire could range from 2.3 m/s (5 mph) to 7.0 m/s (15 mph). In cases where the firefighter or equipment would be located in the exhaust portion of a flow path, while operating above the level of the fire, the hot gas velocity could be even higher. This increased hot gas velocity would serve to increase the convective heat transfer rate to the equipment and the firefighter, thereby reducing the safe operating time within the structure. 4. Based on the limited data available, it appears currently available protective clothing enables firefighters to routinely operate in conditions above and beyond the "routine" conditions measured in the fire-ground exposure studies conducted during the 1970s. The fire service and fire standards communities could benefit from an improved understanding of: • real world fire-ground conditions, including temperatures, heat flux, pressure, and chemical exposures; • the impact of convection on the thermal resistance capabilities of firefighting PPE and equipment; and • the benefits of balancing the thermal exposures (thermal performance requirements) across different components of firefighter protective clothing and safety equipment. Because it is unlikely due to trade offs in weight, breathe-ability, usability, cost, etc., that fireproof PPE and equipment will ever be a reality, fire officers and fire chiefs need to consider the capabilities of the protection that their firefighters have when determining fire attack strategies and tactics to ensure that the PPE and equipment is kept within its design operating environment, and that the safety buffer it provides is maintained.
6
Doyon, Maurice, Stéphane Bergeron, and Jacinthe Cloutier. Analyse des préférences des résidents-propriétaires de la ville de Québec pour l’aménagement de bassins de rétention à proximité. CIRANO, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/qwaq7409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce projet de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet pluridisciplinaire ayant comme objectif général de fournir aux gestionnaires municipaux des données permettant de démontrer les différents services écosystémiques apportés par les bassins de rétention d’eau pluviale dans un contexte de conservation des écosystèmes urbains, avec un accent particulier sur la protection de la ressource en eau potable. Ce rapport se concentre sur les aspects sociaux et économiques et a comme objectif principal d’informer les administrations municipales sur les préférences des citoyens en matière de bassins de rétention, en utilisant comme cas type la Ville de Québec. Plus spécifiquement, les objectifs sont : 1) Identifier les préférences des citoyens de la ville de Québec envers différents types d’aménagement des bassins de rétention; 2) Estimer le consentement à payer (CAP) pour l’aménagement des bassins de rétention. Le CAP n’est pas seulement une mesure économique, mais également une quantification du bénéfice perçu par les citoyens; 3) Selon la perception des citoyens, qualifier les caractéristiques désirables et indésirables des aménagements de bassin de rétention; 4) Créer une typologie des citoyens en fonction et de leurs préférences pour mieux envisager la diversité des préférences.
7
Bassi, Andrea. From “Social Impact” to “Social Value”. Liège: CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.wp202206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the financial-economic crisis of 2008 there has been an increasing diffusion of discourses by international institutions stressing the necessity towards the adoption of impact evaluation methods both by for profit and SSE organizations. This craze for impact measurement is generally led by the need of the stock exchange to find new financial markets (demand) for an increasing offer of socially or environmentally oriented financial products (such as the Social Impact Bond). This pressure had the effect to spread terms and concept typically of the financial world to other domains, such as the welfare policy (Social Investment State) and the traditional philanthropic sector (Social Return on Investment). Even the SSE has not been immune from this “epidemic” of measurement, standardization, quantification of its activities’ effects (Salathé-Beaulieu, G. in collaboration with M. J. Bouchard and M. Mendell, 2019). The paper’s main aim is to argue in favour of the adoption of a broader conceptualization of the SSE contribution to the local community (and to the society as a whole) that the one implied by the term “impact”. It proposes a conceptual framework based on the “social value” notion, which requires to consider the worth (Bouchard, M. J. ed., 2009) linked to the presence of the organization itself and not only of its activities/ programs/services. The paper will illustrate and comment the main results from an empirical research on the Social Added Value Evaluation of an umbrella recreation association in the Emilia-Romagna Region. The inquire adopts an experimental design based on qualitative methods such as: focus groups, face to face interviews and on site observations, in order to build a consensual system of social value/impact evaluation to be adopted by the local branches of the regional association.
8
Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.