Статті в журналах: "Service flows"

1

Liu, Fangfang, Yan Chi, Jie Yu, Xiangfeng Luo, and Zheng Xu. "Discovery of Web Service Flow based on Service Context." International Journal of Web Services Research 8, no. 4 (October 2011): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2011100102.

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The growing number of services faces the need to combine them to create complex services and meet users’ requirements. Discovery based on the similarity evaluation only focuses on those services with similar functions. Techniques based on the conventional semantic Web offer many relations to connect services, but considerable time is spent on reasoning. This paper proposes an approach to discover associated service flows for the purpose of combination. The authors firstly obtain the text descriptions with rich semantics about the service functions from the Web to build the service contexts. They then create E-FCM representation for services based on the contexts to describe the functions of services because it can keep the semantic information and be automatically created. Furthermore, instead of reasoning, the association relations among services can be quickly found based on computation. Associated web service flows are generated from the association relations to recommend services with related functions to users. Thus, discovery effectiveness can be improved and facilitate the utilization of services.

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2

Burkhard, Benjamin, Marion Kandziora, Ying Hou, and Felix Müller. "Ecosystem service potentials, flows and demands-concepts for spatial localisation, indication and quantification." Landscape Online 34 (June 2, 2014): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201434.

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The high variety of ecosystem service categorisation systems, assessment frameworks, indicators, quantification methods and spatial localisation approaches allows scientists and decision makers to harness experience, data, methods and tools. On the other hand, this variety of concepts and disagreements among scientists hamper an integration of ecosystem services into contemporary environmental management and decision making. In this article, the current state of the art of ecosystem service science regarding spatial localisation, indication and quantification of multiple ecosystem service supply and demand is reviewed and discussed. Concepts and tables for regulating, provisioning and cultural ecosystem service definitions, distinguishing between ecosystem service potential supply (stocks), flows (real supply) and demands as well as related indicators for quantification are provided. Furthermore, spatial concepts of service providing units, benefitting areas, spatial relations, rivalry, spatial and temporal scales are elaborated. Finally, matrices linking CORINE land cover types to ecosystem service potentials, flows, demands and budget estimates are provided. The matrices show that ecosystem service potentials of landscapes differ from flows, especially for provisioning ecosystem services.

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3

Subramanian, K. "Transnational Economics, Trade & Service Flows." Foreign Trade Review 20, no. 4 (January 1986): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515860413.

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4

Lievens, A., and R. K. Moenaert. "Communication flows during financial service innovation." European Journal of Marketing 34, no. 9/10 (October 2000): 1078–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560010342485.

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5

Johnston, Robert. "Internal service – barriers, flows and assessment." International Journal of Service Industry Management 19, no. 2 (April 25, 2008): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09564230810869748.

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6

Kirpichnikov, Alexander Petrovich, and Anton Sergeyevich Titovtsev. "SYSTEMS OF MULTICOMPONENT FLOWS DIFFERENTIATED SERVICE." V mire nauchnykh otkrytiy, no. 10 (November 30, 2014): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/wsd-2014-10-9.

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7

Gao, Xiaolong, Binbin Huang, Ying Hou, Weihua Xu, Hua Zheng, Dongchun Ma, and Zhiyun Ouyang. "Using Ecosystem Service Flows to Inform Ecological Compensation: Theory & Application." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093340.

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Ecological compensation is a crucial policy instrument that realigns the benefits of stakeholders to the ecosystem service provision. However, the spatial disconnections between locations where ecosystem services produced and used are common. The supply and demand for ecosystem services are calculated to reflect the status of the districts or counties based on ecosystem service flows. The replacement cost methods provide necessary technical supports for the calculation of compensation funds. The realigning of compensation funds between service-benefiting areas and service-providing areas not only identifies the beneficiaries and suppliers but also realizes the connection between them, which may be a feasible methodology. Fuzhou City is the study area, and two ecosystem services of water conservation and soil retention were taken into consideration. The prioritized development zone, Linchuan, and the key agricultural production zones paid ecological compensation funds. Linchuan paid the highest, 5.76 billion yuan. The key ecological function zones and the key agricultural production zones received the ecological compensation funds, of which Yihuang obtained the highest, 1.66 billion yuan. The realigning of compensation funds between the service benefiting and providing areas addresses the trade-offs between ecosystem services, social development, and ecosystem protection. Embedding the ecosystem service flows into the ecological compensation mechanism can most truly realize the value of ecosystem services, achieve the “beneficiary pays” principle, and be conducive to regional sustainable development.

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8

Mayhew, L. D., R. W. Gibberd, and H. Hall. "Predicting Patient Flows and Hospital Case-Mix." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 18, no. 5 (May 1986): 619–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a180619.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the spatial modelling of health care services: to locate services in a more equitable and efficient manner; to cope with the consequences of structural change in demography and accessibility to services; to examine the interactions between different services over space and time. In this paper, one particular spatial model used for analysing impact on patient flows, catchment populations, and other key variables resulting from changes in supply, demand, or accessibility is examined in depth. Used in several countries for planning purposes, the model was originally developed in 1979 by the Operational Research Service of the Department of Health and Social Security in the United Kingdom, for the London Health Planning Consortium. It was later refined at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg, Austria. In the present study the robustness of prediction is tested on four versions of the basic model developed at the University of Newcastle, Australia, in 1984 and applied to data from the Sydney Metropolitan Region. Key outputs from the model are examined and the extent to which it correctly predicts changes in service levels over a three-year period in the case of five different acute clinical specialties is shown. To conclude the paper, the technical details of case-mix model are presented, which combines different acute service categories with the spatial dimension to provide a more comprehensive framework for predicting and analysing the behaviour of, and interactions between, supply and demand.

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9

Mazalov, V. V., and A. V. Melnik. "Equilibrium Prices and Flows in the Passenger Traffic Problem." International Game Theory Review 18, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198916500018.

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This paper considers a noncooperative transport game of [Formula: see text] players on a communication graph. Here players are passenger transportation companies (carriers). Service requests form a Poisson process with an intensity rate matrix [Formula: see text]. Players announce prices for their services and passengers choose an appropriate service by minimizing their individual costs (the ticket price and the expected service time). For each carrier, we solve the pricing problem and define the equilibrium intensity flows in the conditions of competition. A special emphasis is placed on polynomial latency functions.

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10

Chilimoniuk-Przeździecka, Eliza. "Offshoring in Business Services Sector Over the Business Cycle: A Case of Growth of the International Cooperation." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10031-011-0005-2.

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Offshoring in Business Services Sector Over the Business Cycle: A Case of Growth of the International Cooperation In this paper I analyze the role of business service offshoring in international cooperation over the recession. In business services - as described in Schumpeterian literature - external restructuring including resource and production relocation is more intensive during recession periods while intensive internal restructuring accompanies expansion periods. As external restructuring encompass business processes fragmentation and offshoring of services, I also argue - taking into account historical evidence - that current economic crisis would result in growing service offshoring in business service sector. I expect that many financial institutions would relocate part of their business processes abroad, where operating costs are lower, as they find that external restructuring via offshoring is the way to survive. This, in turn, will be the most possible result in growth of service offshoring projects located in CEE and Asia, as these two locations were the most attractive ones in recent years for service offshoring. The process is reflected by growth of FDI outflows from developed economies to CEE and Asia as well as growth of business and IT services trade between the mentioned economies. However, I also expect that in short run (one year perspective) we will experience tremendous decrease of FDI flows including investment in service offshoring, nevertheless the share of FDI flows related to service offshoring in total FDI flows will increase.

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11

Johnson, Gary W., Kenneth J. Bagstad, Robert R. Snapp, and Ferdinando Villa. "Service Path Attribution Networks (SPANs)." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 3, no. 2 (July 2012): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaeis.2012070104.

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Ecosystem services are the effects on human well-being of the flow of benefits from ecosystems to people over given extents of space and time. The Service Path Attribution Network (SPAN) model provides a spatial framework for determining the topology and strength of these flows and identifies the human and ecological features which give rise to them. As an aid to decision-making, this approach discovers dependencies between provision and usage endpoints, spatial competition among users for scarce resources, and areas of highest likely impact on ecosystem service flows. Particularly novel is the model’s ability to quantify services provided by the absence of a flow. SPAN models have been developed for a number of services (scenic views, proximity to open space, carbon sequestration, flood mitigation, nutrient cycling, and avoided sedimentation/deposition), which vary in scale of effect, mechanism of provision and use, and type of flow. Results using real world data are shown for the US Puget Sound region.

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12

Schmitt, J., M. Karsten, and R. Steinmetz. "On the aggregation of deterministic service flows." Computer Communications 24, no. 1 (January 2001): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(00)00286-3.

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13

Yakushev, Yu F. "On the Optimal Service of Conflicting Flows." Theory of Probability & Its Applications 35, no. 1 (January 1991): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1135023.

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14

Zheng, Xu, Zhipeng Cai, Jianzhong Li, and Hong Gao. "Scheduling Flows With Multiple Service Frequency Constraints." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4, no. 2 (April 2017): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2577630.

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15

Nakajima, Shin. "Lightweight formal analysis of Web service flows." Progress in Informatics, no. 2 (November 2005): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2201/niipi.2005.2.5.

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16

Coursen, Derek, and Bill Ferns. "Modeling Participant Flows in Human Service Programs." Journal of Technology in Human Services 22, no. 4 (September 14, 2004): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j017v22n04_04.

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17

Koellner, Thomas, Aletta Bonn, Sebastian Arnhold, Kenneth J. Bagstad, Dor Fridman, Carlos A. Guerra, Thomas Kastner, et al. "Guidance for assessing interregional ecosystem service flows." Ecological Indicators 105 (October 2019): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.046.

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18

Dolan, Rachel, James M. Bullock, Julia P. G. Jones, Ioannis N. Athanasiadis, Javier Martinez-Lopez, and Simon Willcock. "The Flows of Nature to People, and of People to Nature: Applying Movement Concepts to Ecosystem Services." Land 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060576.

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To date, the provision of ecosystem services has largely been estimated based on spatial patterns of land cover alone, using benefit transfer analysis. Although it is increasingly being recognised that the distribution of the human population affects whether a potential service translates into a realised service, this misses key steps in the process and assumes that everyone accesses ecosystem services in the same way. Here we describe a conceptual approach to ecosystem services in terms of movement and flows. We highlight that ecosystem service flows can be broken down into ‘nature to people’ (the movement of nature towards beneficiaries) and ‘people to nature’ (the movement of beneficiaries towards nature). The former has been relatively well described. Here, we explore the latter by reviewing research on human migration, animal foraging and landscape connectivity. We assess if and how existing theories might be useful in describing how people seek out ecosystem services. We consider some of the ways in which flows of people to nature can be measured. Such measurements may reveal which movement theories best represent how people seek out and access ecosystem services. Overall, our review aims to improve the future modelling of ecosystem services by more explicitly considering how people access potential services and therefore realise them.

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19

SEREDA, Nataliya. "Marketing tourist activity in logistic flows." Scientific Bulletin of Flight Academy. Section: Economics, Management and Law 5 (December 21, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33251/2707-8620-2021-5-22-28.

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Objective Substantiation of marketing and logistics approaches to the formation of logistics flows of tourism enterprises. Methodos. Marketing activity in the market of tourist services forms a system of continuous coordination of the offered services with the services that are in demand in the market. Marketing management at a tourist enterprise includes planning of marketing activities, selection and application of marketing strategies, development and selection of alternative strategies, effective organization of marketing activities and its control. Results The peculiarity of tourism logistics as a service sector is to determine the flow of tourists and the distribution of requirements. This is due to the fact that travel refers to those types of services in which the consumer moves to the producer, and not the producer with his goods ? to the consumer. Management of a tourist enterprise is a rather complex process that requires the development of logistics systems to optimize economic flows, which has a significant impact on the financial results of the company. Scientific novelty. The peculiarity of tourism logistics as a service sector is to determine the flow of tourists and the distribution of requirements. This is due to the fact that travel refers to those types of services in which the consumer moves to the producer, and not the producer with his goods ? to the consumer. The management system in a travel agency that uses a logistics approach is aimed at forming an integrated approach that creates a real opportunity to combine functional areas of logistics by coordinating actions performed by independent parts of the logistics system. Practical significance The main flows in the logistics systems of the tourism industry are the tourist flow, as well as the flow of tourist services, which are caused by the availability of solvent needs of potential consumers (tourists); all other flows that arise in the logistics system of enterprises (material, information, financial, etc.) only provide these flows. As for the tourist flow, it is provided by providing transport and related services. The combination of marketing activities in the formation of logistics tourist flows determines the competitive vector of the tourism industry. Key words: tourism marketing, marketing activities, tourist services, logistics, logistics approach, system, logistics flows, logistics services.

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20

Galkin, Andrii. "Mechanisms for increasing of transportation efficiency using joint service of logistics systems." Archives of Transport 49, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2770.

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More and more attention become to Transport Company’s functioning efficiency due to growing of goods’ nomenclature and specific requirements for their service. Existing scientific and practical approaches to managing of transportation process consider separate service of each contract individually. Up-today requirements for transportation services complicate such evaluation. These requirements primarily include transportation frequency and volumes variation in each logistics system due to seasonal consumption of material flows. Different seasonality leads to irrational use of vehicles and decrees of their efficiency. All this gives rise to the mechanism of compatible transportation service of numerous logistics systems and their material flows by any enterprise. The paper consist of next sections the analysis of scientific framework and methods on the transportation services, fleet estimation, efficiency evaluations, analysis of requirements of transportation services; Mechanism of joint transportation services; Modelling of transportation services in logistics systems, where joint efficiency estimation of transportation functioning and logistics system and conclusions. The proposed methods and tools in the complex allow to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of the joint motor transport service of logistic systems by own and hired vehicles compared to the separate on the basis of performance indicators, which vary depending on the technological parameters: transport distances, runway usage factor, cargo class, load capacity of motor vehicles . The offered approach will reveal: regularities of change of indicators of efficiency of variants of the joint motor transport service between the traditional approach (a separate calculation of efficiency for each logistics system) and the proposed (calculation of compatible services), which allows to determine the equivalent cost of transport services during motor transport maintenance of material flows. The calculations confirm the effect of use compared to the separate combined transportation of material flows, which will be shown in reducing the required amount of vehicles by 31,8% and increasing efficiency from 5% to 60%, depending on the initial values of the transportation services parameters. The results of the project can be used in the formation of a freight vehicle fleet of any enterprise that is faced with the issue of hiring transport or have its own, PL providers, transport companies, and others.

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21

Borst, Sem, and Bert Zwart. "A reduced-peak equivalence for queues with a mixture of light-tailed and heavy-tailed input flows." Advances in Applied Probability 35, no. 03 (September 2003): 793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800012544.

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We determine the exact large-buffer asymptotics for a mixture of light-tailed and heavy-tailed input flows. Earlier studies have found a ‘reduced-load equivalence’ in situations where the peak rate of the heavy-tailed flows plus the mean rate of the light-tailed flows is larger than the service rate. In that case, the workload is asymptotically equivalent to that in a reduced system, which consists of a certain ‘dominant’ subset of the heavy-tailed flows, with the service rate reduced by the mean rate of all other flows. In the present paper, we focus on the opposite case where the peak rate of the heavy-tailed flows plus the mean rate of the light-tailed flows is smaller than the service rate. Under mild assumptions, we prove that the workload distribution is asymptotically equivalent to that in a somewhat ‘dual’ reduced system, multiplied by a certain prefactor. The reduced system now consists of only the light-tailed flows, with the service rate reduced by the peak rate of the heavy-tailed flows. The prefactor represents the probability that the heavy-tailed flows have sent at their peak rate for more than a certain amount of time, which may be interpreted as the ‘time to overflow’ for the light-tailed flows in the reduced system. The results provide crucial insight into the typical overflow scenario.

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22

Borst, Sem, and Bert Zwart. "A reduced-peak equivalence for queues with a mixture of light-tailed and heavy-tailed input flows." Advances in Applied Probability 35, no. 3 (September 2003): 793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1059486829.

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We determine the exact large-buffer asymptotics for a mixture of light-tailed and heavy-tailed input flows. Earlier studies have found a ‘reduced-load equivalence’ in situations where the peak rate of the heavy-tailed flows plus the mean rate of the light-tailed flows is larger than the service rate. In that case, the workload is asymptotically equivalent to that in a reduced system, which consists of a certain ‘dominant’ subset of the heavy-tailed flows, with the service rate reduced by the mean rate of all other flows. In the present paper, we focus on the opposite case where the peak rate of the heavy-tailed flows plus the mean rate of the light-tailed flows is smaller than the service rate. Under mild assumptions, we prove that the workload distribution is asymptotically equivalent to that in a somewhat ‘dual’ reduced system, multiplied by a certain prefactor. The reduced system now consists of only the light-tailed flows, with the service rate reduced by the peak rate of the heavy-tailed flows. The prefactor represents the probability that the heavy-tailed flows have sent at their peak rate for more than a certain amount of time, which may be interpreted as the ‘time to overflow’ for the light-tailed flows in the reduced system. The results provide crucial insight into the typical overflow scenario.

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23

Bagstad, Kenneth J., Gary W. Johnson, Brian Voigt, and Ferdinando Villa. "Spatial dynamics of ecosystem service flows: A comprehensive approach to quantifying actual services." Ecosystem Services 4 (June 2013): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012.

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24

Muñoz López, Natalia, Jose Luis Santolaya Sáenz, Anna Biedermann, and Ana Serrano Tierz. "Sustainability Assessment of Product–Service Systems Using Flows between Systems Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083415.

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The development of product–service systems (PSS) is currently considered a promising solution to the challenge of sustainability. Nevertheless, the sustainability of these systems has not been systematically assessed and there is a need to develop more guiding principles. In this work, an approach based on the flows between product and service systems is used to facilitate both the definition of PSS boundaries and the identification of links between the systems involved. In addition, the life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) method is applied to simultaneously quantify environmental, economic and social impacts. Two cases are analysed. First, the production process of cow´s milk, in which a veterinary service is required, is studied using data measured from a dairy farm. Next, the sustainability of a clothing retail service taking, into account that a construction product is involved in its creation stage, is evaluated. In each PSS specific life cycle, stages are analysed, a functional unit referred to both products and services is defined, and quantitative indicators are selected to assess each sustainability dimension. The category of workers is selected to evaluate social aspects. The relative incidence of each system is evaluated and the impacts of different factors on the PSS sustainability are analysed.

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25

Górski, Tomasz, and Grzegorz Ziemski. "UML activity diagram transformation into BPEL integration flow." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 67, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6587.

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The growing interest of companies in integration and interoperability between information systems has caused increase in significance of Service-Oriented Architecture which provides tools for Enterprise Application Integration. In that architecture, Enterprise Service Bus provides technical possibilities of communication between IT systems. A key element in the communication are integration flows. Objective: The aim of this article is to present a new transformation Integration2BPEL, which automates the development of executable integration flow expressed in the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) based on the model of the integration flow presented in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) activity diagram. Method: The author proposes a transformation of the type of model-to-code type which generates integration flow expressed in WS-BPEL, which can be executed in any BPEL-compliant process engine. The integration flow is modelled using UML activity diagram with stereotypes from ‘UML Profile for Integration Flows’ profile in an IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA). Using Integration2BPEL transformation a complete, executable integration flow is generated, which is composed of many mediation mechanisms. Generated integration flows have been executed on OpenESB. Results: The ability to generate a complete integration flow in BPEL, which without any additions can be run on enterprise service bus. Implementation phase of an integration flow construction was automated. Each of integration flows is implemented according to the same rules. In addition, it allows to avoid mistakes made by designers and programmers. Conclusions: Model-Driven Development is an approach that leads to the automation of the design and programming phases. Integration2BPEL transformation is a uniform mechanism to design integration flow. Potentially, it also allows to avoid implementation errors. Keywords: Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), Unified Modelling Language (UML), UML activity diagram, Model-Driven Development (MDD), Transformation. null

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Скоробогатова, Татьяна, and Tatyana Skorobogatova. "Tourism logistics in focus of new logistics directions." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 1 (May 16, 2016): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19175.

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The article is devoted to new logistics directions, primarily logistics of tourism that situated at the intersection of a number of branches of the logistics. The author defines the role of logistics as a multidisciplinary science. In the article presented and describe the classification categories of logistics, selected on the basis of following indications: functionality, resources (flows), type of business, novelty of management methods, the application to the economic sphere, control subject, problems of solving tasks, priority of flows, industry accessories (type of activity) with indicating a possible disaggregation of groups. The balance between resources and associated flows as the basic categories of logistics is revealed, and the fact that not all the resources form a flow and not all flows initially presented in the form of resources is specified. The article describes the basic provisions of the logistics of resource saving and defines its place in the logistics system. Comparison of components of logistics is made, namely: of supplying logistics, manufacturing (conventionally-production) logistics, logistics of sales - in the aspect of resource saving in relation to material production and tourism as a kind of service activity. The author has found out why the provisions of the service logistics is most clearly manifested in tourism: it is here consumers to obtain services are forced to move over long distances; logistics flows, in addition to the basic function of delivery, perform the connection between object-customer and environment, tourists as elements, which form flows, themselves perform communication-binding function of logistics. In addition, the ratio of tourism logistics, service logistics and logistics of resource saving is schematically shown, the definition of citylinks is expanded, and innovative targeted measures for material flow management and tourist flows aimed at resource conservation, where tourists are regarded as not only clients, but also partners of personnel of tourism enterprises, are offered.

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Chiu, Dickson K. W., Qing Li, Patrick C. K. Hung, Zhe Shan, S. C. Cheung, Yu Yang, and Matthias Farwick. "Service Composition and Interaction in a SOC Middleware Supporting Separation of Concerns with Flows and Views." Journal of Database Management 22, no. 2 (April 2011): 32–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2011040102.

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Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has recently gained attention both within industry and academia; however, its characteristics cannot be easily solved using existing distributed computing technologies. Composition and interaction issues have been the central concerns, because SOC applications are composed of heterogeneous and distributed processes. To tackle the complexity of inter-organizational service integration, the authors propose a methodology to decompose complex process requirements into different types of flows, such as control, data, exception, and security. The subset of each type of flow necessary for the interactions with each partner can be determined in each service. These subsets collectively constitute a process view, based on which interactions can be systematically designed and managed for system integration through service composition. The authors illustrate how the proposed SOC middleware, named FlowEngine, implements and manages these flows with contemporary Web services technologies. An experimental case study in an e-governmental environment further demonstrates how the methodology can facilitate the design of complex inter-organizational processes.

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Zou, Yang, and Dehua Mao. "Simulation of Freshwater Ecosystem Service Flows under Land-Use Change: A Case Study of Lianshui River Basin, China." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063270.

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The service function of freshwater ecosystem is of great significance for ensuring the water security and the sustainable development of the social economy. However, it is vague how land-use change can influence freshwater ecosystem service flows. In this paper, we analyzed the land-use changes in the Lianshui River Basin from 2000 to 2018, built an ecosystem service flow model, and quantified the supply, demand, and flow of freshwater ecosystems under land-use change. The most intensified shifts of land-use change were the transfer of woodland to arable land and the transfer of arable land to built-up land. Urbanization and deforestation have increased water output by 0.06 billion m3, but water demand has increased by 2.42 billion m3, resulting in a 6% reduction in the flow of freshwater ecosystem services. Our study provides detailed information on freshwater ecosystem services flow from providers to beneficiaries within a watershed, showing how land-use change and ecosystem service flows can be integrated at the watershed scale to provide information for land-use management and the availability of freshwater ecosystems. Sustained development provides a scientific basis.

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Polese, Mario. "REGIONAL DEMAND FOR BUSINESS SERVICES AND INTERREGIONAL SERVICE FLOWS IN A SMALL CANADIAN REGION." Papers in Regional Science 50, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1982.tb00797.x.

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30

Guariguata, Manuel R., and Patricia Balvanera. "Tropical forest service flows: Improving our understanding of the biophysical dimension of ecosystem services." Forest Ecology and Management 258, no. 9 (October 2009): 1825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.025.

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Velichko, A. S., V. V. Gribova, and L. A. Fedorishchev. "Cloud Service for Interactive Simulation of Interregional Trade Flows." Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 53, no. 7 (December 2019): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0146411619070289.

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Ivanova, E., and M. Korelskaya. "Analysis of process of service of conflict traffic flows." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 4 (October 26, 2015): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13956.

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33

Berman, Oded, Dmitry Krass, and Chen Wei Xu. "Locating Discretionary Service Facilities Based on Probabilistic Customer Flows." Transportation Science 29, no. 3 (August 1995): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.29.3.276.

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Fedotkin, M. A., and A. V. Zorine. "Optimization of control of conflict flows with repeated service." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 191, no. 4 (May 12, 2013): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-013-1335-4.

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Ahmed, Shamsuddin, and Addas F. Mohammed. "From process flows to benchmark in an accident and emergency hospital with PERT approach." Kybernetes 48, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 520–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2018-0088.

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Анотація:

PurposeAccident emergency hospital (AEH) services require cohesive, collective, uninterrupted streamlined medical diagnostic and satisfactory patient care. Medical service efficiency in AEHs is difficult to quantify due to the clinical complexity involved in treatment involving various units, patient conditions, changes in contemporary medical practices and technological developments. This paper aims to show how to measure efficiency by eliminating waste in AEH system, identify service failure points, identify benchmark medical services, identify patient throughput time and measure treatment time when AEH services are nonstandard. The applications shown in this paper are distinct in particular; we the authors use nontraditional and systems engineering approach to collect data as the traditional data collection is difficult in real-time AEHs.Design/methodology/approachThe authors show in this study how to measure overall patient treatment time from admission to discharge. Project evaluation and review technique (PERT) captures the inconsistencies involved in measuring treatment time, including measures of variability. The irregular treatment time and complexity involved in the emergency health-care services are usual. The research methodology illustrates how the time function map and service blueprint can improve value-added time in AEHs and benchmark services between similar AEHs.FindingsThe inconsistency in treatment time between AEH in public and private hospital is found to be in ratio of 1:20. The private hospital suggests variety of treatments and long stays for recovery. The PERT computations show that the average time a patient remains in a government AEH is about 10 days. The standard deviation of the AEH treatment time is about 0.043 per cent of the expected patient care time. The inconsistency is not significant as compared to the expected value. In 89.64 per cent of the cases, a patient may be discharged in less than 10 days’ time. The patient on average is discharged in 13 days in a private hospital.Originality/valueThe patient treatment time of an AEH is evaluated with PERT project management approach to account for inconsistencies in treatment time. This research makes new contributions in benchmarking AEH throughput time, identify medical service failure points with service blueprint, measure the efficiency with time function map and collect patient data with nontraditional methods. The inherent inconsistencies in a clinical process are identified by PERT analysis with the variance as a characteristic of the treatment time. Improvement of variability implies cost reduction in AEH system.

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Picano, Benedetta. "End-to-End Delay Bound for VR Services in 6G Terahertz Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic and Different Scheduling Policies." Mathematics 9, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9141638.

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The emerging sixth-generation networks have to provide effective support to a wide plethora of novel disruptive heterogeneous applications. This paper models the probabilistic end-to-end delay bound for the virtual reality services in the presence of heterogeneous traffic flows by resorting to the stochastic network calculus principles and exploiting the martingale envelopes. The paper presents the network performance analysis under the assumption of different scheduling policies, considering both the earliest deadline first and the first-in-first-out queue discipline. Furthermore, differently from previous literature, the probabilistic per-flow bounds have been formulated taking into account a number of traffic flows greater than two, which results in a theoretical analysis that is remarkably more complex than the case in which only two concurrent flows are considered. Finally, the validity of the theoretical bounds have been confirmed by the evident closeness between the analytical predictions and the actual simulation results considering, for the sake of argument, four concurrent traffic flows with heterogeneous quality-of-service constraints. That closeness exhibits the ability of the proposed analysis in fitting the actual behavior of the system, representing a suitable theoretical tool to support resource allocation strategies, without violating service constraints.

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Martynenko, A. V., and O. N. Ie. "Evaluation of the correspondence matrix by the Poisson method based on data from the online service for searching for car companions." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 3 (2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-3-15-26.

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For effective functioning of transport systems, information on spatial distribution of transport flows is necessary both at the current moment and for future periods. Traditional methods of obtaining observation results require very high costs, In addition, there is a high probability of obtaining low-quality data due to the strong influence of the human factor. The disadvantage of automated methods of traffic flow inspection is the high cost of equipment. The paper proposes a method for obtaining data on spatial distribution of passenger flows using constant monitoring of the online service of joint trips. To illustrate the possibilities of this approach, the online service for searching for car companions was used on the example of Sverdlovsk region. The correspondence matrix is constructed using a gravitational model applying the Poisson method. The Gauss - Seidlitz iterative method is used to find unknown parameters of the model. The assessment of quality and adequacy of the constructed model values of correspondence was carried out. It is shown that the spatial distribution of traffic flows obtained on the basis of data from online services for searching for car companions is well described by a gravitational model with a piecewise constant gravity function. Based on the analysis of the observed correspondence matrix, it was found that traffic flows between Yekaterinburg and all other cities of the Sverdlovsk region significantly exceed traffic flows between these cities.

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Karaeva, M., N. Napkhonenko, and V. Perevozniuk. "Managing Dynamically Changing Traffic Flows." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19791.

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The brief analysis of publications in the field of transport development, the organization and management of urban passenger traffic in the conditions of constantly changing passenger traffics is carried out. The efficiency of using logistic methods is proved by optimization of public passenger transport of the megalopolis. The factors influencing regularity of passenger traffics formation and their dynamic spatial distribution taking into account the main communications between passenger formed points and service providers are revealed. For improvement of traffic flows management the relevance of development of new mathematical models and methods considering relationship of cause and effect between the input and output parameters is established. Methods of solving large-size problems in the conditions of difficult criterion function are considered. Advantages and the prospects of meta-heuristic methods application – genetic algorithms – are shown at the solution of the transport tasks characteristic of unstable streams.For solving the objective using a set of genes is proposed which elements represent a chromosome with a certain set of decisions. Restrictions are formulated and operators of casual changes for a work of genetic algorithm are defined. The algorithm allowing to define and range the key input parameters influencing process of providing transport services and to receive parameters for the output correlation analysis is obtained.

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Martin, Judith, and Erik Hofmann. "Involving financial service providers in supply chain finance practices." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 18, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-10-2014-0116.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is the analysis of reasons to involve financial service providers (FSPs) in the integrated management of supply chain flows through supply chain finance (SCF) practices. In addition, service requirements are derived for FSPs in order to respond to company needs related to SCF practices. Design/methodology/approach The selected methodology represents a multi-method approach. First, a survey with 62 companies from Switzerland and ten expert interviews were applied to analyze company needs. Second, the study was complemented with a review of gray press, online offers and 11 expert interviews on the service offer of FSPs for managing supply chain flows. Findings The results derive company needs for an integrated management of supply chain flows. The company needs are matched with available service offer of FSPs. Based on this match quality gaps are identified and service requirements are derived. The results describe initial measures to close the quality gaps. Research limitations/implications This research primarily focuses on financial flows related to the working capital of companies thereby neglecting fixed assets. Practical implications The results provide companies with a structured process to analyze the value added of FSPs. FSPs can use the results to better match their service offer with company needs. Originality/value This research contributes to research on SCF by developing a structured process for analyzing the company needs for SCF practices as well as the value added of FSPs in offering these practices.

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Silva, João, João Ponte, João Pedro Lopes, and Nuno Souto. "Flow Management with Differentiated Classes of Service and Quality of Experience." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2020 (June 8, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7928903.

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Recently, mobile networks have been overloaded with a considerable amount of data traffic. This paper proposes a brokerage service for mobile environments, using policies and quality metrics and ensuring better usage of network resources with more fine-grained management based on flows, and expands previous work (Silva, et al.) with the novel addition of differentiated classes of service. A closed innovative control loop included in a flexible brokerage service in the network, as well as agents at the mobile terminals, detects and counteracts an abnormal data load in any access technology. This allows the terminals to make well-informed decisions about their connections to improve the number of connected flows per technology and the individual service level offered to each flow. Simulation results indicate that the current proposed management solution optimizes the usage of available 4G/5G network resources among a high number of flows in several usage scenarios where the technologies are extremely overloaded, while at the same time, protecting the higher classes of service.

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Wijnants, Maarten, Wim Lamotte, Bart De Vleeschauwer, Filip De Turck, Bart Dhoedt, Piet Demeester, Peter Lambert, et al. "Optimizing User Quality of Experience through Overlay Routing, Bandwidth Management and Dynamic Trans-Coding." International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaras.2010040105.

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Accessing multimedia services via fixed and wireless networks has become common practice. These services are typically much more sensitive to packet loss, delay and/or congestion than traditional services. In particular, multimedia data is often time critical and, as a result, network issues are not well tolerated and significantly deteriorate the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, the authors propose a QoE optimization platform that is able to mitigate problems that might occur at any location in the delivery path from service provider to customer. More specifically, the distributed architecture supports overlay routing to circumvent erratic parts of the network core. In addition, it comprises proxy components that realize last mile optimization through automatic bandwidth management and the application of processing on multimedia flows. This paper introduces a trans-coding service for this proxy component which enables the transformation of H.264/AVC video flows to an arbitrary bitrate. Through representative experimental results, the authors illustrate how this addition enhances the QoE optimization capabilities of the proposed platform by allowing the proxy component to compute more flexible and effective bandwidth distributions.

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Li, Penghui, Xianliang Jiang, Jiahua Zhu, and Guang Jin. "SQM-LRU: A Harmony Dual-Queue Management Algorithm to Control Non-Responsive LTF Flow and Achieve Service Differentiation." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103568.

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The increase in network applications diversity and different service quality requirements lead to service differentiation, making it more important than ever. In Wide Area Network (WAN), the non-responsive Long-Term Fast (LTF) flows are the main contributors to network congestion. Therefore, detecting and suppressing non-responsive LTF flows represent one of the key points for providing data transmission with controllable delay and service differentiation. However, the existing single-queue management algorithms are designed to serve only a small number of applications with similar requirements (low latency, high throughput, etc.). The lack of mechanisms to distinguish different traffic makes it difficult to implement differentiated services. This paper proposes an active queue management scheme, namely, SQM-LRU, which realizes service differentiation based on Shadow Queue (SQ) and improved Least-Recently-Used (LRU) strategy. The algorithm consists of three essential components: First, the flow detection module is based on the SQ and improved LRU. This module is used to detect non-responsive LTF flows. Second, different flows will be put into corresponding high or low priority sub-queues depending on the flow detection results. Third, the dual-queue adopts CoDel and RED, respectively, to manage packets. SQM-LRU intends to satisfy the stringent delay requirements of responsive flow while maximizing the throughput of non-responsive LTF flow. Our simulation results show that SQM-LRU outperforms traditional solutions with significant improvement in flow detection and reduces the delay, jitter, and Flow Completion Time (FCT) of responsive flow. As a result, it reduced the FCT by up to 50% and attained 95% of the link utilization. Additionally, the low overhead and the operations incur O(1) cost per packet, making it practical for the real network.

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Irfan, Muhammad, Zhu Hong, Nueraimaiti Aimaier, and Zhu Guo Li. "SLA (Service Level Agreement) Driven Orchestration Based New Methodology for Cloud Computing Services." Advanced Materials Research 660 (February 2013): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.660.196.

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Cloud Computing is not a revolution; it’s an evolution of computer science and technology emerging by leaps and bounds, in order to merge all computer science tools and technologies. Cloud Computing technology is hottest to do research and explore new horizons of next generations of Computer Science. There are number of cloud services providers (Amazon EC2), Rackspace Cloud, Terremark and Google Compute Engine) but still enterprises and common users have a number of concerns over cloud service providers. Still there is lot of weakness, challenges and issues are barrier for cloud service providers in order to provide cloud services according to SLA (Service Level agreement). Especially, service provisioning according to SLAs is core objective of each cloud service provider with maximum performance as per SLA. We have identified those challenges issues, as well as proposed new methodology as “SLA (Service Level Agreement) Driven Orchestration Based New Methodology for Cloud Computing Services”. Currently, cloud service providers are using “orchestrations” fully or partially to automate service provisioning but we are trying to integrate and drive orchestration flows from SLAs. It would be new approach to provision cloud service and deliver cloud service as per SLA, satisfying QoS standards.

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Jarašūnienė, Aldona. "ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSPORT FLOWS SERVICE TIME OF THE VEIDCLES AND THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IDETERMINANCY OF EXTERNAL IMPACT." TRANSPORT 18, no. 5 (October 31, 2003): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2003.10414097.

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To increase the attraction of Lithuania as a transit country striving to promote carriers' border crossing activities and facilitate customs clearance procedures as well as freight delivery to clients it is necessary to identify the main obstacles, to analyse them and to select adequate measures and means for their elimination. Therefore, on the basis of the analysis of the transport flows service time, as well as basing on the assessment of indeterminacy of external impacts, it would be possible to deduce the main causes of idle time of transport means at customs, to estimate the dependence of service time in proportion to transport flows. Basing on theoretical estimation in this article the estimation of service time of international transport and the management of transport flows are described.

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Groshans, Garth R., Elena A. Mikhailova, Christopher J. Post, Mark A. Schlautman, Michael P. Cope, and Lisha Zhang. "Ecosystem Services Assessment and Valuation of Atmospheric Magnesium Deposition." Geosciences 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2019): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9080331.

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Ecosystem services (ES) often rely on biogeochemical cycles, but values associated with abiotic services are often ignored or underestimated. Ecosystem services from atmospheric magnesium (Mg2+) deposition are abiotic flows (wet, dry, and total), which can be considered a source of naturally-occurring fertilizer and liming material, have not been included in economic valuations of ecosystem services. Market-based valuation of these atmospheric ecosystem service flows can partially address this negative externality. This study assessed the value of wet, dry, and total atmospheric magnesium deposition flows in the contiguous United States (USA) within boundary-based administrative accounts (e.g., state, region) based on data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NRSP-3), and the market price of human-derived material (agricultural dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2). The total supporting ecosystem value of atmospheric magnesium deposition flows was $46.7M (i.e., 46.7 million U.S. dollars) ($18.5M wet + $28.2M dry) based on an average 2014 price of $12.90 per U.S. ton of agricultural dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2). The atmosphere is a common-pool resource that plays an important role in the pedosphere, providing important abiotic ES, but its monetary value is often not identified in the market due to a lack of information and/or knowledge of the proper valuation method. This study demonstrates one approach to translate atmospheric magnesium deposition flows entering the soil as an abiotic ES and potential monetary values at various scales. Omission of abiotic services in ES analysis can lead to an incomplete economic valuation.

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Davidich, Natalia, Andrii Galkin, Yurii Davidich, Tibor Schlosser, Silvia Capayova, Joanna Nowakowska-Grunt, Yevhen Kush, and Russell Thompson. "Intelligent Decision Support System for Modeling Transport and Passenger Flows in Human-Centric Urban Transport Systems." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072495.

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Engineering human-centric urban transport systems should be carried out using information technology in forecasting traffic and passenger flows. One of the most important objects of urban transport systems’ progress is modeling patterns of transport flows and their distribution on the road network. These patterns are determined by the subjective choice of city residents of traffic routes using public and private transport. This study aimed to form a sequence of stages of modeling transport and passenger flows in human-centric urban transport systems and passenger flows in the human-centric urban intelligent transport systems and to determine the patterns of change to the gravity function of employees of municipal services. It was revealed that the trip distribution function of workers of urban service enterprises can be described by the attributes of the structure of the city, socio-economic data, and attributes characterizing the zones and its residents.

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Boicov, V. N. "Customer flows in a network with two types of service." Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 46, no. 3 (May 2012): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0146411612030030.

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Korsgaard, Louise, Roar A. Jensen, Torkil Jønch‐Clausen, Dan Rosbjerg, and Jesper S. Schou. "A service and value based approach to estimating environmental flows." International Journal of River Basin Management 6, no. 3 (September 2008): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2008.9635353.

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Chao, Xiuli, Liming Liu, and Shaohui Zheng. "Resource Allocation in Multisite Service Systems with Intersite Customer Flows." Management Science 49, no. 12 (December 2003): 1739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.49.12.1739.25110.

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Agostino, Mariarosaria, Cristiana Donati, and Francesco Trivieri. "External knowledge flows and innovation capacity: the Italian service industries." International Review of Applied Economics 34, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2020.1735316.

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