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Статті в журналах з теми "Septonest"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Němcová, Irena, and Ludmila Čermáková. "Spectrophotometric Study of the Interaction of Bromopyrogallol Red with Tensides and the Effect of NaNO3." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 8 (1992): 1658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921658.

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Анотація:

A study was carried out of the effect of a strong electrolyte (NaNO3) on the change in the electron spectra (in the visible region) of bromopyrogallol red in the presence of Septonex, sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100. It was confirmed that NaNO3 has a marked effect on the solubilization of the dissociated forms of the dye in Septonex, in contrast to solubilization by Triton X-100.

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2

Mohamed, Gehad G., M. F. El-Shahat, A. M. Al-Sabagh, M. A. Migahed, and Tamer Awad Ali. "Septonex–tetraphenylborate screen-printed ion selective electrode for the potentiometric determination of Septonex in pharmaceutical preparations." Analyst 136, no. 7 (2011): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0an00662a.

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3

Borowska, Alicja. "New species of Bactrodesmium, Corynespora, Septonema and Taeniolella." Acta Mycologica 11, no. 1 (November 21, 2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1975.005.

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Анотація:

New species of dematiaceous <i>Hyphomycetes</i> occurring on dead wood of deciduous trees in Poland are described: <i>Bactrodesmium xerophilum, Corynespora quercicola, Septonema binum</i> and <i>Taeniolella dichotoma</i>.

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4

Kult, Karel, and Jaromír Vrbský. "Acidobasic equilibria in 9-(3’-pyridyl)-2,6,7-trihydroxy-3H-xanthene-3-one solutions in the presence of surfactants." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 1 (1988): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880010.

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Анотація:

The effects of cationic tenside Septonex and the non-ionic tenside polyvinylpyrrolidone on the acidobasic and spectral properties of 3-pyridylfluorone have been studied. Data for the dependence A = f(pH*) were used to calculate protonization constants and molar absorption coefficients of the various acidobasic forms of 3-pyridylfluorone in solution with c(Septonex) = 5 mmol 1-1 or ρ(polyvinylpyrrolidone) = 1 g l-1 in 10% (v/v) methanol adjusted by sodium chloride to an ionic strength I 0.2. The results are compared with protonization constants of the reagent in solutions of the same ionic strength and methanol concentrations but without a surfactant. The effects of the tensides on the shape of absorption spectra of the various acidobasic forms of the reagent are also discussed.

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5

Jančář, Luděk, Josef Havel, and Lumír Sommer. "Spectrophotometric study of analytical reactions of triphenylmethane dyes with uranyl in the presence of cationic surfactants." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 7 (1988): 1424–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19881424.

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Numerical analysis of absorbance data for the analytically significant UO22+ - Chromazurol B, UO22+ - Chromazurol S, and UO22+ - Eriochromcyanine R systems in the presence of the cationic surfactant SeptonexR revealed that also in micellar medium, complex equilibria establish and several complexes are formed in dependence on pH and concentration of uranyl ions, reagent, and surfactant. Based on the results, optimum conditions are found for the spectrophotometric determination of low concentration of uranium.

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6

Komendová-Vlašánková, Renata, and Lumír Sommer. "Separation and Preconcentration of Platinum Group Metals and Gold on Modified Silica and XAD Sorbents in the Presence of Cationic Surfactants for Their Determination by ICP-AES." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 67, no. 4 (2002): 454–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20020454.

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Various modified silica sorbents and unmodified silica were tested for the separation and preconcentration of 10-200 ng cm-3 from 50-1 000 cm3 sample volume of platinum group metals (PGMs), Pt(IV, II), Pd(II), Ir(IV), Rh(III), Os(VI), Ru(IV) and Au(III) in the form of ion associates of their chloro and bromo complexes with cationic surfactants. [1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)pentadecyl]trimethylammonium bromide (Septonex®), benzyl(dodecyl)dimethylammonium bromide (Sterinol®), trimethyl(tetradecyl)ammonium bromide or hexadecyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride and 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M HBr are suitable for the purpose. 100% recovery for Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) was obtained with octadecyl silicas Separon™ SGX C18, Separon™ SGX RPS and Phenyl™ silica in the presence of 0.006 M Septonex® or 0.003 M Sterinol®. The retained PGMs and Au(III) were eluted with acetonitrile and determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after evaporation of organic solvent in the presence of 0.1 M HCl. The enrichment factor on Separon™ SGX RPS reaches 100. A 1 000 : 1 excess of Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ or Al3+ does not interfere with the preconcentration of PGMs and Au(III) on this sorbent. With the silica-based anion exchanger Separon™ SGX AX, the 100% recovery is observed for Ir(IV), Pd(II), Pt(IV) when the elution is performed with 5 M HCl or 5 M HNO3. Macroporous sorbents Amberlite™ XAD2 and Amberlite™ XAD4 are suitable for the retention of Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from 0.1 M HCl and 0.006 M Septonex®. 100% recovery is achieved using acetonitrile as eluent but there is no preference of these sorbents to modified silica. In this way, the recovery of 0.1-0.2 μg cm-3 Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV) was also successfully tested with spiked matrices of soil extracts, power station dust samples and natural waters.

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7

Koula, Václav, Daria Kučová, and Jiří Gasparič. "Determination of Organic Bases by Ion-Pair Extraction Polarography Using Orange II as Counter Ion." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 11 (1992): 2272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19922272.

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Анотація:

The combination of ion-pair extraction and differential pulse polarography is shown to be a method suitable for the determination of 10-7 mol l-1 concentrations of organic bases of quaternary ammonium compounds. Orange II (4-[2-hydroxy-1-naphtyl]azobenzenesulfonic acid) was found to be an appropriate polarographically active counter-ion. The proposed method was used for the determination of tetrapentylammonium bromide (as model compound), Septonex ([1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-pentadecyl]trimethylammonium bromide) and codeine.

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8

Koukol, Ondřej. "Revision of “Septonema ochraceum” revealed three new species of Venturiaceae and Herpotrichiellaceae." Mycological Progress 9, no. 3 (December 10, 2009): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0645-x.

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9

Kargerová, A., and M. Pekař. "Ultrasonic study of hyaluronan interactions with Septonex—A pharmaceutical cationic surfactant." Carbohydrate Polymers 204 (January 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.077.

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10

Kubáň, Vlastimil, Irena Jančářová, Josef Hedbávný, and Milan Vrchlabský. "Effect of tensides on the optical properties of sulfophthalein dyes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 1 (1989): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19890070.

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The optical properties of bromocresol red, bromophenol blue and bromocresol green were studied spectrophotometrically in aqueous systems in the absence and in the presence of submicellar and micellar concentrations of cationic (Septonex, hexadecylpyridinium and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromides), nonionic (Brij 35, Triton X-100) and anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate) tensides. The positions of the absorption maxima and molar absorptivities of the LH- and L2- acid-base species of the dyes depend on the kind and concentration of tenside, alkylpyridinium chain length, and kind and concentration of inert electrolyte.

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11

Wiewióra, Barbara. "The Effect of Seed Health of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) on Germination Capacity." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 65, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10129-011-0046-6.

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Abstract The analysis of seed health and germination capacity of 7 varieties of Lolium perenne, originated from two breeding station and two seed company localized in different places of Poland, harvested in 2006, 2007 and 2008 were performed. Results of mentioned analysis indicated that seeds were contaminated by numerous species of fungi. The most numerous group of fungi were saprophytes or weak parasites such as: Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Septonema chaetospira and Penicillium spp. Pathogenic species were represented by species of Drechslera, Fusarium, Phoma, Curvularia lunata and Bipolaris sorokiniana. Seed germination capacity was influenced by contamination of fungi. It was found that seed more often contaminated by fungi germinated much poorer then seed with lower infection.

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12

Němcová, I., J. Hrachovská, and V. Suk. "Spectrophotometric determination of chromium(III) with bromopyrogallol red in the presence of Septonex." Microchemical Journal 31, no. 2 (April 1985): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-265x(85)90038-4.

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13

Oremusová, Jarmila, Zuzana Vitková, and Petra Herdová. "Influence of Alcohols on Micellar and Release Balances of Cationic Surfactant – Carbethopendecinium Bromide (Septonex)." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 51, no. 4 (July 15, 2014): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.110316.

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14

Vytřas, Karel, Ivan Švancara, František Renger, Malis Srey, Radmila Vaňková, and Marie Hvízdalová. "Voltammetric and Potentiometric Determination of Gold in Gold-Plated Electrotechnical Components." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 9 (1993): 2039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932039.

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Анотація:

Differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine gold in gold-plated electrotechnical components. Samples were dissolved to form tetrachlorourate, which was determined on a carbon paste electrode containing tricresyl phosphate as pasting liquid. A characteristic cathodic peak for tetrachlorourate, whose selective accumulation is based on extraction, is obtained during cathodic scan from +0.8 to -0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl electrode. The accompanying Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions from the matrix are masked by adding EDTA. Gold can be determined in the presence of their thousand-fold excess in the concentration range 1 . 10-5 - 1 . 10-7 mol l-1. The results were confirmed by potentiometric titration with a solution of 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)pentadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Septonex) by using a coated-wire indicator electrode with a softened plastic membrane.

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15

Warkó-Monostory, B., and S. Börzsönyi. "Determination of Oil-Soluble Sulphonic Acids and Sulphonates by Two-Phase Titration with Carbethoxypentadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (Septonex)." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 22, no. 5 (September 1, 1985): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1985-220523.

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16

Drábková, Klára, Jan Krejčí, Markéta Škrdlantová, Michal Ďurovič, and Bronislava Bacílková. "Influence of Disinfectants on Natural Textile Fibres." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 42, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2021-0002.

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Анотація:

Abstract Textiles are frequently used in bookbinding or for attaching pendent seals and thus they are an integral part of archival and library items. Any part of these items can be contaminated by various microorganisms. Consequently, it is often necessary to include disinfection procedures in the initial stages of the conservation process. Primarily, the agents employed in conservation must not harm the treated material. This work was concerned with monitoring the effect of selected disinfectant agents (ethylene oxide, Septonex®, glutaraldehyde, Bacillol® AF, butanol vapours, Acticide® MV, silver nanoparticles, Chiroseptol®) on the properties and long-term stability of natural textile fibres (cotton and silk). The disinfected textiles were subjected to three kinds of artificial ageing (dry heat, moist heat, and light) and their properties were determined by means of the total colour difference, thread tensile strength and the limiting viscosity number.

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17

Němcová, I., E. Havelková, V. Suk, and B. Evtimova. "Spectrophotometric study of the reaction of thallium with brompyrogallol red: The effect of the cationogenic tenside Septonex." Microchemical Journal 36, no. 3 (December 1987): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-265x(87)90170-6.

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18

Smilek, Jiří, Sabína Jarábková, Tomáš Velcer, and Miloslav Pekař. "Compositional and Temperature Effects on the Rheological Properties of Polyelectrolyte–Surfactant Hydrogels." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050927.

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Анотація:

The rheological properties of hydrogels prepared by physical interactions between oppositely charged polyelectrolyte and surfactant in micellar form were studied. Specifically, hyaluronan was employed as a negatively charged polyelectrolyte and Septonex (carbethopendecinium bromide) as a cationic surfactant. Amino-modified dextran was used as a positively charged polyelectrolyte interacting with sodium dodecylsulphate as an anionic surfactant. The effects of the preparation method, surfactant concentration, ionic strength (the concentration of NaCl background electrolyte), pH (buffers), multivalent cations, and elevated temperature on the properties were investigated. The formation of gels required an optimum ionic strength (set by the NaCl solution), ranging from 0.15–0.3 M regardless of the type of hydrogel system and surfactant concentration. The other compositional effects and the effect of temperature were dependent on the polyelectrolyte type or its molecular weight. General differences between the behaviour of hyaluronan-based and cationized dextran-based materials were attributed to differences in the chain conformations of the two biopolymers and in the accessibility of their charged groups.

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19

Kubáň, Vlastimil, Josef Hedbávný, Irena Jančářová, and Milan Vrchlabský. "Spectrophotometric investigation of interactions of sulfophthalein dyes with surfactants." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 3 (1989): 622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19890622.

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Анотація:

The effect of cationic (hexadecylpyridinium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, Septonex), anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and nonionic (Brij 35, Triton X-100) surfactants on the deprotonation of the phenolic oxygen in bromophenol red, bromophenol blue and bromocresol green is studied. The conditional dissociation constants Kai* depend on the surfactant concentration and, in the alkylpyridinium surfactant series, on the alkyl chain length at a constant concentration of inert electrolyte, and on the concentration of the inert electrolyte (Cl-, Br-, NO3-, SO42-, H2PO4-, CH3COO-, HCOO-, ClO4-) or of the sulfophthalein dye at a constant concentration of a cationic surfactant. In acid and alkaline solutions, cationic surfactants (tensides, T) and the dyes (H2L) form ionic associates with the stoichiometric composition {T+, LH-} and {T2+, L2-}, respectively, exhibiting absorption maxima at 400-430 nm (ε = 1.3-2.0 m2 mmol-1) and at 570-630 nm (ε = 3.5-4.5 m2 mmol-1), respectively, formation of these associates was confirmed for chloroform extracts by the continuous variations and molar ratios methods.

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20

Schubert, Konstanze, and Uwe Braun. "Taxonomic revision of the genus Cladosporium s. lat. 6. New species, reallocations to and synonyms of Cercospora, Fusicladium, Passalora, Septonema and Stenella." Nova Hedwigia 84, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2007): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2007/0084-0189.

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21

Jurasová, Jitka, and Vlastimil Kubáň. "Acid-base and optical properties of neutral red in the presence of ionic and nonionic tensides." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 10 (1987): 2401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872401.

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Анотація:

Changes in the optical and acid-base characteristics of neutral red in the presence of hexadecylpyridinium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, α-carbethoxypentadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Septonex), sodium dodecyl sulphate, Triton X-100, and BRIJ 35 in submicellar and micellar concentrations were studied spectrophotometrically. The conditional dissociation constant of neutral red pKai* depends on the kind and concentration of tenside, kind and concentration of inert electrolyte, and concentration of the cationic dye. Changes in the pKai* values are described in terms of formation of ionic associates of the dye with the tenside and of the inert electrolyte ions with the tenside. The validity of equations for the dependence of pKai* on the logarithm of tenside concentration was proved experimentally over a wide region of cationic tenside concentrations. The changes in pKai* can also be partly accounted for by changes in the nature of the solvent. A titrimetric method based on the changes in the conditional dissociation constant of neutral red is suggested for the determination of tensides in aqueous solutions using photometric end point indication.

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22

Honová, D. "Spectrophotometric determination of bismuth and EDTA by means of the reaction of bismuth with pyrocatechol violet in the presence of septonex." Talanta 35, no. 10 (October 1988): 803–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(88)80187-5.

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23

Jancár, L. "Spectrophotometric determination of trace uranium with Eriochrome Azurol B and Chrome Azurol S in the presence of the cationic surfactant Septonex." Talanta 36, no. 5 (May 1989): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(89)80122-5.

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24

Kil'dyushov, Oleg. "Social Order and Political Theology in the Game of Thrones: What Makes the Cult Series Interesting for Theoretical Sociology." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, no. 1 (2020): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-1-139-159.

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Анотація:

The paper is a review of a number of writings in the humanities and in social science devoted to George Martin’s series of epic fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire, and the television-serial drama Game of Thrones. At the beginning, we analyze the researchers’ most heuristically-fruitful intellectual reactions to Game of Thrones, that is, specific products such as texts that may be of interest to social theory. The main part of the article considers the institutional and discursive order of George Martin’s saga through the research lens of the classics of modern social theory, such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Thomas Hobbes, and Max Weber. The paper then briefly touches upon the religious situation in Westeros, whose system of values and norms is paradoxically characterized by both post-secularism and a surge of religious fundamentalism. As a next step, it analyzes the political theology in the Game of Thrones, which is considered within the perspective of a transcendental legitimization of politics as proposed by Carl Schmitt. In conclusion, the paper considers Westeros’ cognitive landscape which consists of various competing epistemic sets (maesters, septons, white walkers, etc.), and structurally reproduces the situation in the societies of late modernity.

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25

Kopecký, František, Mária Vojteková, Silvia Kováčová та Monika Juríčeková. "Inclusion Complexation of Carbethopendecinium Bromide with Some α- and β-Cyclodextrins Studied by Potentiometry with Membrane Electrodes". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, № 2 (2004): 384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20040384.

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Анотація:

Inclusion complexation of an antimicrobial quaternary ammonium salt, carbethopendecinium bromide (SBr, Septonex), with five cyclodextrins was investigated potentiometrically using the prepared membrane electrodes selective to the surface-active carbethopendecinium cations (S+). Relatively strong complexation of the S+ cations with native α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and their random-substituted derivatives, namely hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin (HP-α-CD), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD), and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), was evidenced in dilute aqueous solution. In the region where the potentiometrically determined concentration of the free S+ cations remained lower than the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of SBr by a factor of ca ten, formation of the 1:1 complexes with the complexation constants K11 ≈ 104-105 was evaluated by two respective methods, based on a modified linear and a non-linear regression. Deviations from the 1:1 complexation were observed when concentration of the free S+ cations approached cmc of SBr more closely and also in solutions with large excess of α-CD. Comparison of K11 values corroborated the inclusion of the n-C14H29 alkyl chain of the carbethopendecinium cation as the mechanism of its complexation with cyclodextrins. The well-soluble native α-CD with good complex-forming capability towards S+ cations may be especially suitable for possible blocking the undesirable residues of carbethopendecinium bromide.

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26

Delgado, Gregorio, Ondřej Koukol, Andrew N. Miller, and Meike Piepenbring. "Septonema lohmanii G. Delgado & O. Koukol, sp. nov., a New Species in Mytilinidiales (Dothideomycetes) and the Phylogenetic Position of S. fasciculare (Corda) S. Hughes." Cryptogamie, Mycologie 40, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a2.

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27

Fernández-Da-Silva, Rafael, and Gunta Smits-Briedis. "Hifomicetos acuáticos en los ríos Borburata y Patanemo (Puerto Cabello, Carabobo-Venezuela) como bioindicadores de calidad ambiental." Gestión y Ambiente 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 98607. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ga.v24n2.98607.

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Анотація:

Los hifomicetos acuáticos son hongos imperfectos que se desarrollan particularmente en sistemas lóticos prístinos, degradando material alóctono o autóctono, facilitando así el ciclaje de nutrientes en el ecosistema acuático. Sin embargo, su presencia varía en función de las condiciones ambientales naturales y/o antropogénicas. Las investigaciones de estos microorganismos fúngicos son escasas en Venezuela, a pesar de ser ecológicamente importantes, como posibles bioindicadores de calidad ambiental. Durante un año, semanalmente se determinó la riqueza de especies y la concentración de conidios de los hifomicetos acuáticos, coliformes (totales y fecales), nutrientes (NO2-, NO3-, PO4-3 y SO4-2) y parámetros físico-químicos (temperatura, pH, conductividad eléctrica, O2), en la cabecera y la desembocadura de dos ríos (Borburata y Patanemo) de la vertiente norte hacia el mar Caribe, con similitudes morfométricas y en cobertura vegetal. Se identificaron 63 especies, 55 en el río Borburata (25 exclusivas) y 37 en el río Patanemo (ocho exclusivas), incluyendo 17 nuevos reportes para Venezuela: 14 en Borburata (Acarocybe formosa, Acrodictys bambusicola, Arachnospora insolita, Arachnospora longa, Blodgettia sp., Brachysporiella setosa, Clavariana aquatica, Clavatospora bulbosa, Curvularia lunata, Dendrosporium sp., Diplocladiella taurina, Septonema seccedens, Tumularia aquatica y Xenosporium berkeleyi) y tres en Patanemo (Cordana musae, Retiarius bovicornutus y Trinacrium gracile), siendo 12 dematiáceos y cinco ingoldianos, y por primera vez en Sudamérica a A. insolita y A. longa. Se encontró significativamente mayor la riqueza y la concentración de esporas en las cabeceras de los ríos (U de Mann-Whitney). Disminuyó significativamente (ACP) los hifomicetos acuáticos en la desembocadura por altos niveles de conductividad, sulfato y coliformes. A través del porcentaje de incremento o disminución de las esporas de las especies comunes en cabecera y desembocadura, se hallaron ocho especies sensibles (Triscelophorus monosporus, Camposporium antenatum, Campylospora filicladia, Helicomyces sp., Beltrania rhombica, Diplocladiella longibrachiata, Alatospora crassa y Anguillospora filiformis) y dos tolerantes (Brachysporiella setosa y Tetraploa aristata).

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Grondona, I., E. Monte, V. Rives, and M. A. Vicente. "Lichenized association between Septonema tormes sp. nov., a coccoid cyanobacterium, and a green alga with an unforeseen biopreservation effect of Villamayor sandstone at ‘Casa Lis’ of Salamanca, Spain." Mycological Research 101, no. 12 (December 1997): 1489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756297004309.

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Cannon, P. F. "Septonema secedens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 182 (August 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20093355586.

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Анотація:

Abstract A description is provided for Septonema secedens. Information on the host range (Betula pendula, B. alba [B. pubescens], Alnus sp., Ceanothus velutinus, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Cornus alba, Pinus sylvestris, Picea sp., Pseudotsuga menziesii and Rosa sp.), geographical distribution (Alaska and Idaho, USA; Kazakhstan; Czech Republic; Denmark; Germany; Netherlands; Russia; Switzerland; and UK), and dispersal and transmission of the pathogen is presented.

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