Дисертації з теми "Séparation eau"
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Dallaire, Antonin. "Un modèle pour la séparation d'une émulsion huile-eau." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25804.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJiang, Long yu. "Séparation et détection des trajets dans un guide d'onde en eau peu profonde." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765238.
Повний текст джерелаJiang, Long Yu. "Séparation et détection des trajets dans un guide d'onde en eau peu profonde." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT050/document.
Повний текст джерелаAs the studies on shallow-water acoustics became an active field again, this dissertationfocuses on studying the separation and detection of raypaths in the context of shallowwaterocean acoustic tomography. As a first step of our work, we have given a briefreview on the existing array processing techniques in underwater acoustics so as to findthe difficulties still faced by these methods. Consequently, we made a conclusion thatit is still necessary to improve the separation resolution in order to provide more usefulinformation for the inverse step of ocean acoustic tomography. Thus, a survey on highresolutionmethod is provided to discover the technique which can be extended to separatethe raypaths in our application background. Finally, we proposed a high-resolutionmethod called smoothing-MUSICAL (MUSIC Actif Large band), which combines thespatial-frequency smoothing with MUSICAL algorithm, for efficient separation of coherentor fully correlated raypaths. However, this method is based on the prior knowledgeof the number of raypaths. Thus, we introduce an exponential fitting test (EFT)using short-length samples to determine the number of raypaths. These two methodsare both applied to synthetic data and real data acquired in a tank at small scale. Theirperformances are compared with the relevant conventional methods respectively
Kalantzi, Kalliopi. "Analyse des transferts en pervaporation : application à la séparation du mélange eau-éthanol." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0148.
Повний текст джерелаGrenier, Nicolas. "Modélisation numérique par la méthode SPH de la séparation eau-huile dans les séparateurs gravitaires." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664668.
Повний текст джерелаTea, Lingsam. "Stabilisation et caractérisation des émulsions eau dans eau stabilisées par des polysaccharides linéaires." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1018.
Повний текст джерелаEmulsions are formed when two non-miscible liquids are mixed. The best known are oil-water emulsions (eg cosmetic cream, mayonnaise), but it also is possible to make other types of emulsions such oil-oil or water-water (W/W) emulsions. To obtain the latter, two aqueous solutions of incompatible polymers are mixed. In order to use these kinds of emulsions for instance in the food industry, one needs to stabilize them. Unlike oil-water emulsions, the use of molecular surfactants to stabilize W/W emulsions is not possible, because they have a very low interfacial tension and a broad interface.Stabilization of W/W emulsions is well studied in the literature, mainly by gelling of the continuous phase, or by using particles as interface stabilizers, so-called Pickering effect. In this study, the objective was to stabilize W/W emulsions by polymers that have some affinity with both phases and locate at the interface. For that purpose, we used a model emulsion made of PEO (P) and dextran (D) as incompatible polymers. It was found that out of 16 polymers tested, mainly polysaccharides, only three show a stabilizing effect of emulsions: chitosan, diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAED) and propylene glycol alginate (PGA). Interactions of these polymers with PEO and dextran were investigated with light scattering and the microstructures was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The effects of pH, ionic strength, interfacial tension and polymer concentration were studied to understand mechanism of stabilisation. Emulsions were characterized by different techniques and especially by means of LUMisizer©, LUMiReader©,to follow turbidity as a function of time, and rheology. In order to understand why some polymers were able to stabilize water-in-water emulsions and other cannot, chemical modifications of chitosan were carried out to vary the amount of charges and hydrophobic groups. Subsequently, the effect of these modifications on the stability of the emulsions was investigated
Bureau, Valérie. "Adaptation de la séparation cryomagnétique aux technologies de l'environnement : application a l'épuration d'effluents liquides industriels." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL154N.
Повний текст джерелаTriger, Aurelien. "Procédé hybride cristallisation et séparation membranaire pour le traitement d'un fluide complexe (urine)." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0045/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of decentralized and specific sanitation system is an issue that concerns both the improvement of sanitary conditions in the poorest area of the world and the development of renewable sources of nutrients for agriculture. This study aims to provide some elements about a treatment line including crystallization and membrane separation for the treatment and valorization of urine. Crystallization allows to recover phosphorus and part of nitrogen contained in urine. Membrane separation is used in order to remove bacteria and viruses from urine. To check the potentialities of these processes some tests were performed at labscale with synthetic and real human urines.It was shown that the struvite crystallization by magnesium addition with a ratio Mg:P=1,3:1 allows recovering most of the phosphorus from urine with a very rapid kinetics (about 20s). Influence of mixing conditions, urine storage, organic matter and initial crystals in urine was studied in batch and continuous reactor. Ultrafiltrations of different pretreated urines (no pretreatment, stored urine, stored and crystallized urine) were performed with PES, PAN and PVDF membranes. Mechanisms responsible for an important flux decline during urine flitration were studied. Specific influence of particular, colloidal and soluble fraction on the flux decline was also evidenced. On these basis different possible treatment lines of urines are proposed and discussed
Ben, Amira Wael. "Comportement hydrodynamique des nanoparticules au cours de la séparation magnétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4797/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe present in this thesis a study of the hydrodynamic behavior of nanoparticles suspended in a ferrofluid and subjected to a magnetic field gradient. The goal is to characterize the magnetic separation of a colloidal suspension in a project to design a water treatment system HGMS (High Gradient Magnetic Separation) that can also have other applications. We develop a mathematical model that describes the Lagrangian tracking of nanoparticles in a carrier fluid. It is based on the Fokker- Planck and Langevin descriptions while taking account of magnetic and hydrodynamic interactions between particles. The model also takes into account the geometry of the formed aggregates. From the numerical simulation, we find that the separation time depends strongly on the size and length of the aggregates formed during the separation process. The study of the kinetics of aggregation shows the existence of a regime with dynamic scaling. In the irreversible aggregation linear chains of particles are formed and their average size changes over time with a scaling law with a low power. The variation exponent of the average size of chains is consistent with the Smoluchowski coagulation equation with a homogeneous kernel. Using the asymptotic, long-time behavior, of a solution of Smoluchowski equations we highlight a characteristic time of aggregation and we show that this time is a similarity variable on which depend the separation time. We also show that the scaling law is still valid for nanoparticles in a Poiseuille flow and the average size follows a power law as a function of Reynolds number
Belair, Sarah. "Modélisation thermodynamique de l'extraction de nitrates de lanthanides par le CMPO et par un calixarène-CMPO en milieu acide nitrique concentré : application à l'optimisation de la séparation des lanthanides et des actinides/lanthanides." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066480.
Повний текст джерелаLafleur, Matthieu. "Développement des membranes pour la séparation in-situ de l'eau à hautes températures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31686.
Повний текст джерелаThe release of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is becoming increasingly alarming and requires that concrete actions get implemented as fast as possible in order to reduce future impacts. One of the solutions could be the catalytic conversion of CO₂ into value-added products like dimethyl ether (DME), which can be used as a clean energy vector. Unfortunately, the direct catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ isn’t thermodynamically favoured if done in a conventional reactor, because of the coproduced water. That’s why this master thesis will work on an in-situ method to remove the produced water from the reactor. This upgrade is essential for an economically viable process to synthesize DME from CO₂. Despite extensive research in the field of in-situ removal of water, very few seem to be able to achieve promising results at the high temperatures required for CO₂ conversion (≈250˚C). An interesting solution seems to lie in a water permselective zeolite membrane made of hydroxy-sodalite (hydroxy-SOD). According to the literature, that zeolite would be capable of withstanding the harsh reaction conditions while being able to separate water with excellent selectivity. However, when made into a membrane, their water selectivity doesn’t seem to reproduce well. This is caused by defects in the synthesized membrane that are cause by less than optimal conventional synthesis methods. That is why this master’s project address the problem by the development of a new membrane synthesis technique for hydroxy-SOD by ‘’pore-plugging’’, which attempt to prevent membrane defects. This technique consists in the mechanical insertion of engineered hydroxy-SOD seeds at a precise location of asymmetric ceramic support. These seeds are then grown by subsequent hydrothermal synthesis up to the point that the smaller pores of the support are completely filled. That results in a really thin composite membrane of hydroxy-SOD zeolite having minimal number of defects. In order to optimize the ‘’pore-plugging’’ technique, a series of synthesis parameters have been examined and improved for both the seeds and the membrane production. This led to the development of a protocol allowing the synthesis of a hydroxy-SOD membrane having water selectivity (SH2O/H2) of 1.4 and a permeance H2O of 1.26 x 10⁻⁷ mol Pa⁻¹ m⁻² s⁻¹ at 250 °C.
Cabassud, Corinne. "Microfiltration tangentielle et séparation de biomasse : Application aux bioréacteurs à membrane en dénitrification des eaux." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT008G.
Повний текст джерелаSheng, Jin. "Pervaporation du mélange eau-éthanol dans un faisceau de fibres creuses : modélisation des régimes de fonctionnement." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT033G.
Повний текст джерелаWirth, David. "Etude de la distillation membranaire sous vide pour le dessalement d'eau de mer : de l'analyse des mécanismes de transfert à l'optimisation énergétique du procédé." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0040.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis was to study the feasibility of vacuum membrane distillation process for seawater desalination. The first part shows different experimental results obtained with hollow fibre modules containing macro-porous membranes. Two module configurations, inside/out and outside/in, were investigated in order to determine the influence of hydrodynamics on heat and mass transfer. The influence of concentration and temperature polarisation on permeate flux was characterised. In a second part of the study, a modelling of transfer phenomena was developed and validated by experimental results. Longitudinal profiles of temperature and concentration were considered. Two plant design were considered and an analysis of energy consumption, for these plants, allow us to conclude on the potentiality of VMD for water desalination, in comparison with reverse osmosis
Avendano, Gomez Juan Ramon. "Etude par calorimétrie du mûrissement de composition dans une émulsion multiple H1/eau/H2." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1397.
Повний текст джерелаConstantin, Boris. "Dragage des sédiments contaminés du lac Saint-Augustin (Québec) et séparation des phases solide-liquide : essai pilote sur plateforme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30024/30024.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBecause of urban and agricultural pollution, Saint-Augustin Lake (Quebec) is in a eutrophic state, with high content of phosphorus ([Ptot] = 60-120 µg/L). As its sediments are the main source of phosphorus, two techniques of contaminated sediment management were assessed during in situ experiment on a floating platform with enclosures: hydraulic dredging (by pumping) and mechanical dredging (with a clamshell bucket). Three techniques of solid-liquid separation were also assessed on the dredged sediment: decantation, coagulation-filtration and separation by hydrocyclone. The hydraulic dredging managed to limit the phosphorus release from the sediment, not like the mechanical dredging that also caused a resuspension of sediment. The coagulation-filtration and the decantation enabled to obtain a liquid phase clearer than lake water with a very low content in phosphorus, [Psoluble] < 10 µg/L.
Djaoudi, Amirouche. "Séparation de solutions peptidiques modèles par électrodialyse avec membranes d'ultrafiltration." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10164/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes (EDUF) is an innovative and performant separation technique, particularly used for the selective bioactive peptide fractionation from enzymatic hydrolysates. However, considering the solution mixture complexity used, the peptide separation mechanisms in EDUF process remain unclear. The purpose of this thesis was to study a peptides models mixture separation in order to identify the peptides separation mechanisms in EDUF process. Both anionic and cationic synthetic peptides were selected. First, the anionic and cationic peptides were characterized in terms of electrophoretic mobility. For both peptides, electrophoretic mobility was measured in order to define the optimal conditions for their migration. Furthermore, peptide electrodialytic separation results have showed, under the operating conditions used, the important role played by water dissociation on anionic peptide and membrane fouling on cationic peptide electromigration. KCl addition was performed in order to increase the system conductivity and to slow down water splitting, which led to a restore of the anionic peptide initial flux. In contrast, the water dissociation did not affect the cationic peptide electromigration. An important cation exchange membrane fouling caused by the cationic peptide explain this phenomena. The study also confirms that the peptide transfer in EDUF is mainly governed by electromigration
Ceperkovic, Olivera. "Propriétés des membranes homogènes composées de SPEEK/PI pour la séparation de la vapeur d'eau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24580/24580.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMegard, Denis. "Texturation par cuisson-extrusion de mélanges protéiques à teneur élevée en eau : application à la viande de volaille séparée mécaniquement." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20200.
Повний текст джерелаTurgeon, Pierre-Alexandre. "Étude de la séparation et des mécanismes de conversion des isomères de spins de l'eau." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11079.
Повний текст джерелаXie, Hai An. "Séparation des mélanges eau-amine aliphatique par des procédés à membrane : application à la déshydratation des amines ou à leur extraction." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL076N.
Повний текст джерелаGazagnes, Laetitia. "Modification de la surface de membranes céramiques par greffage, application au dessalement et à la séparation d'émulsions." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20074.
Повний текст джерелаKuswandi, M. "Procédés de séparation en milieu dispersé : régénération du triéthylène glycol par extraction de l'eau à l'aide d'un brouillard. Etude sur pilote et simulation. Séparation d'hydrocarbures par membranes liquides émulsionnées." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1275.
Повний текст джерелаPerez, Fernandez Andrea. "Etude expérimentale sur l'échange isotopique dans le système eau-roches carbonatées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30398.
Повний текст джерелаThe isotopic signatures of carbonate minerals have been applied to illuminate a plethora of natural geochemical processes. This thesis is aimed to assess the rates and or conditions at which such isotope signatures might be altered by fluid-mineral interaction through a series of systematic experimental studies performed with dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) magnesite (MgCO3) and calcite (Ca-CO3). Ca and Mg isotopic compositions were measured as a function of time during closed-system stoichiometric dolomite dissolution experiments at 50 to 126°C. Although identical to that of the original dolomite at low temperatures, at temperatures >120 °C, the calcium isotopic signature of fluid phase (delta(44/42)Ca fluid) became 0.6±0.1‰ higher than that of the dissolving dolomite over a 4-week period. In contrast, the delta(26/24)Mg fluid, remained equal to that of the dolo-mite both at low and high temperatures. This set of experiments evidences the two-way transfer of calcium in and out of the dolomite structure at elevated temperatures. The results suggest that the inhability of dolomite to precipitate at these conditions is due to the difficulty of Mg to be reincorporated in the dolomite structure. In a follow-up study, magnesite was dissolved at 25°C in the presence of fluids with distinct pH and CO2 pressures. The isotopic compositions of the fluid differed from that of the solid at near-to chemical equilibrium indicating the two-way transfer of magnesium into this mineral at ambient temperatures. A single fractionation mechanism cannot explain the distinct Mg isotope behaviors observed. Further work on carbon isotope exchanges in the calcite water system shows a slow by steady evolution of the carbon isotopic composition towards the accepted equilibrium fractionation factor over the course of nearly year-long experiments after the system had attained bulk chemical equilibrium. Carbon isotope reequilibration rates were found to be approximately four orders of magnitude slower than that of bulk calcite dissolution, suggesting that the rate limiting step to the carbon isotope reequilibration process is the transport of carbon into and out of the bulk mineral after it has exchanged on the surface. The results of this thesis suggest that the Mg, Ca and C isotopic signatures in carbonate minerals are not invariant over geological time-frames and can be readily altered by water-mineral interaction. Such results indicate that the preservation of carbonate mineral signatures require low permeability rock formations or some inhibitory mechanism limiting metal and carbon exchange
Suwal, Shyam, and Shyam Suwal. "Fractionation of Peptides from Protein Hydrolysate by Electrodialysis with Filtration Membrane : process optimization, Fouling characterization and Control mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26619.
Повний текст джерелаDes peptides bioactifs ont déjà été fractionnés par électrodialyse avec membrane de filtration (ÉDMF) à partir d’hydrolysats de sous-produits de crabe des neiges. L’optimisation des paramètres apparaît maintenant indispensable pour perfectionner le procédé. Ainsi, le taux de migration des peptides, leur sélectivité et l'évolution des paramètres électrodialytiques ont été étudiés pour différents paramètres (configuration, concentration en KCl et types de champ électrique). La configuration (2) de la cellule d’ÉDMF comprenant deux compartiments d'alimentation et un compartiment de récupération a démontré des valeurs de champ électrique local relativement stables par rapport à la configuration (1) constituée d’un compartiment d’alimentation et de deux compartiments de récupération. Des peptides contenant des glutamates, des aspartates, et des glycines ont été séparés avec la configuration 1 et des peptides composés d’arginines et de lysines avec la configuration 2. Un taux de migration peptidique de 13,76 ± 3,64 g/m2h a été obtenu par le maintien constant de la conductivité des solutions. La sélectivité a été accrue en augmentant la concentration en KCl de 1 à 5 g/L dans le compartiment de récupération. Une augmentation de la force ionique a amplifié la charge de surface, agrandissant ainsi la taille effective des pores et réduisant la couche d'hydratation de la membrane d’ultrafiltration. Toutefois, les membranes échangeuses d’anions et de cations ont été colmatées par des peptides et des acides aminés et détériorées pendant l’ÉDMF. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, l’effet de l’application du champ électrique pulsé (PEF) et de l'inversion de polarité (PR) a été étudié. Le taux de migration des peptides n'a pas été affecté sauf avec PR à 40 V. La sélectivité a été maximale avec PEF à 20 V. La dissociation de l'eau a été réduite tout en conservant les propriétés physico-chimiques des membranes grâce à l’application du PEF et de la PR par rapport au courant continu (DC). En outre, la plus faible quantité d'énergie a été consommée avec le PEF. Par conséquent, il a été possible d’optimiser la technologie d’ÉDMF du point de vue de l’efficacité énergétique, de la sélectivité peptidique et de l’encrassement membranaire grâce à l’application du PEF et tout en maintenant la conductivité électrique des solutions.
Bioactive peptides were efficiently separated by using electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM) from snow crab byproduct hydrolysate. Meanwhile, optimization of parameters is indispensable for scaling-up. The peptide migration rate and selectivity as well as evolution of electrodialytic parameters were studied with different parameters such as EDFM cell configuration, KCl concentration and type of electric field. The EDFM stack with two feed and one recovery compartments (configuration 2) has relatively stable electric field strengths (local) than the configuration with one feed and two recovery compartments (configuration 1). Peptides containing anionic amino acids: glutamic and aspartic acid as well as glycine and cationic amino acids: arginine and lysine were fractionated using configuration 1 and 2, respectively. Maintenance of solution conductivity upheld the local electric field and peptide migration throughout the treatment resulting in a higher peptide migration rate of 13.76±3.64 g/m2.h never observed so far. The selectivity of cationic peptides containing arginine and lysine increased significantly with increase in KCl concentration from 1 to 5 g/L. An increase in ionic strength amplified the surface charge density of filtration membrane subsequently increasing effective pore size and reducing hydration layer. However, both anion- and cation-exchange membranes were fouled by peptides and amino acids and were deteriorated during EDFM treatment. To address these problems, the effect of applying pulsed electric field (PEF) and polarity reversal (PR) was studied. The peptide migration rate was unaffected among PEF, PR and DC modes except with PR at 40 V. The selectivity of cationic peptides was maximum with PEF at 20 V. Fouling and water dissociation were significantly reduced and physicochemical properties of IEMs were better-protected with PEF and PR than DC. Moreover, the least amount of energy was consumed with PEF mode. Therefore, the parameters affecting EDFM process were optimized in terms of energy efficiency, selectivity and lower deterioration of membranes by applying PEF regime with configuration 2 and maintaining the constant electrical conductivity of solutions.
Bioactive peptides were efficiently separated by using electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM) from snow crab byproduct hydrolysate. Meanwhile, optimization of parameters is indispensable for scaling-up. The peptide migration rate and selectivity as well as evolution of electrodialytic parameters were studied with different parameters such as EDFM cell configuration, KCl concentration and type of electric field. The EDFM stack with two feed and one recovery compartments (configuration 2) has relatively stable electric field strengths (local) than the configuration with one feed and two recovery compartments (configuration 1). Peptides containing anionic amino acids: glutamic and aspartic acid as well as glycine and cationic amino acids: arginine and lysine were fractionated using configuration 1 and 2, respectively. Maintenance of solution conductivity upheld the local electric field and peptide migration throughout the treatment resulting in a higher peptide migration rate of 13.76±3.64 g/m2.h never observed so far. The selectivity of cationic peptides containing arginine and lysine increased significantly with increase in KCl concentration from 1 to 5 g/L. An increase in ionic strength amplified the surface charge density of filtration membrane subsequently increasing effective pore size and reducing hydration layer. However, both anion- and cation-exchange membranes were fouled by peptides and amino acids and were deteriorated during EDFM treatment. To address these problems, the effect of applying pulsed electric field (PEF) and polarity reversal (PR) was studied. The peptide migration rate was unaffected among PEF, PR and DC modes except with PR at 40 V. The selectivity of cationic peptides was maximum with PEF at 20 V. Fouling and water dissociation were significantly reduced and physicochemical properties of IEMs were better-protected with PEF and PR than DC. Moreover, the least amount of energy was consumed with PEF mode. Therefore, the parameters affecting EDFM process were optimized in terms of energy efficiency, selectivity and lower deterioration of membranes by applying PEF regime with configuration 2 and maintaining the constant electrical conductivity of solutions.
Sala, Stéphanie. "Réduction de la radiotoxicité des déchets nucléaires à vie longue : études théoriques et stratégiques de la transmutation des actinides mineurs et des produits de fissions dans les réacteurs électronucléaires." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11075.
Повний текст джерелаDucom, Gaëlle. "Etude de procédés hybrides pour la nanofiltration de macroémulsions : couplage avec une déstabilisation chimique et avec un écoulement gaz / liquide." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0017.
Повний текст джерелаThis study concerns the nanofiltration process applied to cutting oil fluids in the form of macroemulsions treatment. The aim is to enhance this process productivity, which is essentially limited by fouling in the form of oil drops deposit and by polarisation concentration. Both phenomena induce low permeate fluxes. For that, two processes were studied: use of air sparging and coupling with a chemical destabilisation of the emulsion. The first process allows flux enhancement for several kinds of solutions: stabilised or non-stabilised emulsions and clay suspensions. The permeate flux enhancement can reach a factor 2. 4 depending on the operating conditions. Two-phase flow in the concentrate compartment of a flat sheet cell was characterised. A data bank of flow characteristics was obtained and wall shear stresses at the membrane surface were determined using an electrochemical method. Flux enhancement in nanofiltration was then linked to some hydrodynamic parameters. On the other hand, in the operating conditions of this study, the second process does not induce flux enhancement, which was partly explained by osmotic phenomena. Several destabilisation mechanisms of the emulsion were identified, depending on the salt concentration
Saidani, Hafedh. "Influence des paramètres procédés sur les performances des membranes polymères de nanofiltration." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20151.
Повний текст джерелаThe applications of nanofiltration (NF) in the water treatment and industrials effluents are in a continuous development. The influence of the process parameters on the performances of the NF membranes is a special concern. The present work shows the influence of the temperature and the pH of a feed solution containing neutral and charged solutes on the permeability and the retention capacity of the several polymeric commercial NF membranes. The results show that the studied parameters have a considerable influence on the performance of NF. Characterization studies were also done to determine the relationship between physicochemical properties and the membrane performances. The parameters that affect the most NF operation: the glass transition temperature of the thin active layer and membrane charge density
Couffin, Nathalie. "Elimination de composes organohalogenes volatils a l'etat de traces dans l'eau par distillation membranaire sous vide." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0007.
Повний текст джерелаBrach-Papa, Christophe. "Analyse fluorimétrique de l'aluminium dans les eaux de consommation : développements méthodologiques spécifiques adaptés à l'automatisation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11019.
Повний текст джерелаGervais, Gaël. "Rôle des paramètres opératoires sur la fiabilité d’une analyse multi-résidus de micropolluants dans l’eau : extraction sur phase solide, séparation par chromatographie liquide à très haute pression et détection par spectrométrie de masse en tandem." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S057.
Повний текст джерелаThe occurrence of micropollutants is a major aspect in water quality assessment. For the last few years, analytical methods combining solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry has become the main technique for the analysis of a broad range of micropollutants. On the basis of some pesticides and endocrine disruptor compounds in water analysis, impacts of the parameters: extraction, separation, detection and data processing, on the analysis reliability (repeatability, accuracy, stability, reproducibility…) have been studied. Each step of the analytical method has been optimized and the parameters, affecting substance signals have been discussed. A global reflection upon the cause of signal variations and the possible answers to apply has been conducted. Proposed answers were validated by real matrix analysis and inter-laboratory studies. This work presents the tools and the key-points to ensure the results obtained by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Jacquin, Céline. "Caractérisation de la Matière Organique Dissoute (DOM) et de ses interactions avec une séparation par membrane pour l'amélioration du contrôle des BioRéacteurs à Membranes (BàM)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT063/document.
Повний текст джерелаMembrane BioReactors (MBR) are suitable technology to face one of the major 21th century challenges : wastewater reuse.Combining biological treatment with membrane separation step, MBR produce reusable water through total physical disinfection. Nevertheless, it democratization is limited by membrane fouling that is mainly caused by Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) compounds when the system is optimized.In order to understand and control membrane fouling, tools were developed to identify DOM compounds responsible for this phenomenon.Thus, this PhD work, focused on studying the DOM taken from two MBR fed with real wastewater: a full-scale MBR treating urban wastewater (La Grande-Motte wastewaster treatment plant) and a lab-scale MBR treating urine from source-separated toilets.Dissolved organic matter collected in the first MBR was fractionated by size and hydrophobicity to identify fractions’ fouling mechanisms. Then, filtration tests performed on the different fractions highlighted the role of colloids (proteins) in external fouling (cake) and humic substances in internal fouling. Filtration tests were combined with fluorescence3D (3DEEM) measurements, which is a quick identification method with an easy extracted signal, allowing to define qualitative indicators for both foulants classes.After, coupling 3DEEM with a size separation and quantification method (LC-OCD), qualitative signals from foulants indicators were calibrated. Thus, using 3DEEM it was possible to obtain a quantitative and size information about DOM foulants. These new indicators were used on-site and allowed establishing links between DOM and operating parameters or influent quality, which is necessary for DOM global control and its impact on membrane fouling. These tools highlight the potentiality for 3DEEM on-line application for separation step monitoring, control and optimization
Dupuy, Mathieu. "Association légionelles-amibes et traitements biocides pour les circuits de refroidissement." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2294/document.
Повний текст джерелаLegionella is a pathogenic gram negative bacterium, ubiquitously found in waterborne environment. The use of surface water, in open recirculating cooling circuits of nuclear power plants, causes a warming of these waters, which may cause proliferation of Legionella. To limit the development of this bacterium, under the legal thresholds, EDF implements a monochloramine treatment. The aim of our study was to improve the knowledge on the association between Legionella and their main host : amoebae, and on the factors that may influence their susceptibility to biocide treatment. We first showed the permissiveness of 12 strains of amoebae to 2 strains of L. pneumophila. Temperature is appeared as the most influential parameter, the proliferation of Legionella seems favored at 40°C. Then, we searched to develop a protocol to quantify Legionella according to its state of association. This protocol is not operational, yet. Finally, we compared the sensitivity of Legionella, under different physiological states and studied the impact of water quality and suspended matter. Post-amoeba cells and at a lesser extent, stationary cells, are the less sensitive. The effect of the matrix was demonstrated for the Vienne river water, on the other side the elimination or enrichment in suspended matter has not modified the sensitivity. This study provides a basis for a better knowledge to manage monochloramine treatment against Legionella, and for operating cooling systems
Le, Follotec Amandine. "Déstabilisation des émulsions pétrolières par des polymères triblocs siliconés : relation structure - propriétés interfaciales." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1817.
Повний текст джерелаWater-in-crude oil emulsions are often formed during crude oil exploitation. For oil refining purpose, chemical demulsifiers are commonly used. In this work, five triblock silicone copolymers with various demulsifying capacities are studied. Results obtained at plane interfaces such as air-water and oil-water do not allow clear distinction between the molecules. Study of curved interfaces reveals that efficient molecules which can destabilise water-in-crude-oil emulsions indeed stabilise oil-in-water emulsions. On the contrary, inefficient molecules stabilise water-in-oil emulsions. Spontaneous curvature of molecules has been investigated by Small Angle Scattering. The following interpretation is therefore envisaged: for two water drops to coalesce the oil lamella between them should break, i. E. Small but highly curved hole must nucleate in it. On the one hand, efficient molecules should favour the hole nucleation and favour the coalescence of water droplets in crude oil emulsions. On the other hand, inefficient molecules inhibit the hole formation and prevent the coalescence of water droplets
Li, King Wo. "Membranes polymères pour le traitement d'eau de production sur plateforme offshore." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG046.
Повний текст джерелаThis project aims to develop a new generation of hydrophilic polymer membranes based on a biosourced polymer, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC), for application in the treatment of produced water. These polymeric membranes should replace on offshore platforms the conventional treatment processes because of their compactness, their lightness and their ability to effectively remove both oil and suspended particles. The membranes were developed using an original phase inversion method by increasing the temperature above the critical temperature (LCST-TIPS process). Two ways of membrane formation were investigated in this work according to the mode of chemical crosslinking considered, one in acid medium and the other in basic medium. Considering the acid route, the crosslinking was carried out using glutaraldehyde, while for the basic route it was carried out via PEGDE molecule. A fine control of the membrane formation process was conducted in order to control the kinetics of the whole elementary phenomena involved in the membrane morphogenesis (phase separation, solvent evaporation, and chemical crosslinking). The membranes were characterized via rheological monitoring, the analysis of the membrane morphology (SEM) and the filtration performances were investigated. The issue of hollow fibers fabrication has been also addressed during the thesis
Radwan, Jean. "Contribution à la mise au point d'une technique de mesure du Kr85 dans l'océan : étude et réalisation d'un système d'extraction, de séparation et de mesure du Krypton total dissous." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066529.
Повний текст джерелаMéricq, Jean-Pierre. "Approche intégrée du dessalement d’eau de mer : Distillation membranaire sous vide pour la réduction des rejets salins et possibilités de couplage avec l’énergie solaire." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000341/.
Повний текст джерелаThe lack of potable water is still a problem in many countries. Considering the nearly endless water resource in the oceans, seawater desalination is an increasing attractive solution. Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination is the main technology used nowadays. However, RO is limited in recovery factor due to the osmotic pressure which increases with salinity. It results high brine volume rejected directly in seawater which induces environmental perturbations. An innovative approach was proposed in the frame of the European project MEDINA in order to reduce these brines: the use of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) in an integrated RO desalination process. Indeed, VMD allows operating at high salt concentration and can be coupled with solar thermal energy in order to reduce energy requirement. The present work consisted in studying use of VMD for highly salty concentrated waters, both for synthetic and real waters (seawater and RO retentate). An experimental approach was used with a lab-scale pilot plant completed by a theorical approach with a modelling tool. Results show the interest of VMD for the overconcentration of RO retentates. Indeed, VMD can be operated at high salt concentration up to 300 g. L-1 maintaining still high permeate fluxes (7 L. H-1. M-2) and nearly pure permeate (salt rejection of 99. 96 %). Brine volumes can so be reduced by 5 and recovery factor increased up to nearly 90 %. Fouling (organic, scaling or bio-fouling) is limited. Salt crystal deposit has been observed and analysed. Precipitation mechanisms have been proposed, mainly with the crucial part of the calcium. VMD coupling with solar thermal technologies allow an important reduction of the energy requirement. Use of salinity gradient solar ponds and solar thermal collectors have been compared and have shown the potentialities of using solar thermal collector in order to obtain high temperatures and so high permeate fluxes
Siangsanun, Vorasiri. "Hybrid process : hydrocyclone, coagulation, floculation and flotation for water treatment process." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to develop a hybrid process which combines withcoagulation, floculation and flotation process in a hydroclone for water treatmentprocess. The development is for characterization the hydrodynamics of this process andto find the optimum condition for water treatment process.The hydrodynamics characterization study is carried out by the numericalsimulation (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and experimental work by Dopplerultrasound velocimetry technique to study the hydrodynamics for the further research.The results are used for validating the oil droplet experimental technique and to be thebasis knowledge to explain the phenomena in the hybrid process. Laser diffractiontechnique is involved for determining the micro bubbles size and also study on theparameter affects to the size. The experimental work of a developed hybrid pilot plant is studied with synthesisraw water and natural river water. The objective of this study is to apply this hybridprocess for the water treatment. The parameters have been varied in many operatingconditions to indicate the separation and the water treatment phenomena such as rawwater characteristic, coagulant - floculant type and concentration, air fraction and inletflow rate
Mascarade, Jérémy. "Étude phénoménologique et modélisation d'un réacteur catalytique à membrane pour la valorisation d'eau tritiée." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14497/1/mascarade.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRies, Lucie. "Functionalized two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheets as building blocks for water purification membranes." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCM0009.
Повний текст джерелаMembrane separation technology plays an important role in various fields including water treatment, chemicals and gas separation for numerous industrial fields, and food processing. There has been a renewed focus on two-dimensional(2D) materials for membrane application since their atomic thicknessand confined interlayer spacing could theoretically lead to enhanced separative performances. Either the single nanosheets themselves, or the stackingof multiple sheets can form selective membranes. The multilayer assembly of single nanosheets – forming nanolaminate membranes – creates 2D capillaries(or nanochannels) that can efficiently sieve chemical species depending ontheir size.Recent examples have been reported in the literature demonstrating the potential of 2D materials as multi- or single-layer membranes for molecular sieving(222; 260; 466; 204), gas separation (219; 246; 190), energy harvesting (467)and water desalination (198; 194).Among the different building blocks of nanolaminate membranes made of two-dimensional materials (2D), graphene oxide (GO) has been studied as a candidate for molecular sieving via size-limited diffusion in the 2D capillaries (222). Unfortunately the high hydrophilicity of GO nanosheets makes GO membranes unstable in water, while the poor control of the capillary width between the nanosheets limits the water permeance of the membranes. Other 2D materials such as exfoliated nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)constitute attractive platforms for the realization of nanolaminate membranes.Recent works carried out on nanolaminate membranes made of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have demonstrated improved stability (3). Within this thesis we have studied the performance of a novel type of MoS2 nanolaminate membranes with well-controlled surface chemistry of the nanosheets (14). Inorder to assess the role of surface chemistry, we explored the impact of covalent functionalization on molecular sieving toward water purification (i.e. desalination and micropollutant removal) (14). Our results open novel directions to finely tune the sieving behavior of membranes based on 2D materials
Lindquist, Claudio. "Contrôle électromagnétique d'écoulements : études expérimentale et numérique sur le forçage d'écoulements initialement au repos et en tunnel hydrodynamique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00097976.
Повний текст джерелаSoussan, Laurence. "Dynamique de rétention de virus par procédés membranaires : méthode de détection applicable en ligne." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAT0052.
Повний текст джерелаA new method, based on a new virus surrogate, was developed for the inline characterization of the dynamics of retention in membrane processes. This new tracer is a modified MS2 bacteriophage modified on its surface by the grafting of enzymatic probes. In this study, a reproducible synthesis protocol of this new tracer was developed. The characterization of this new tracer allowed to determine its average enzymatic activity and showed the abilities of this tracer to be used as a virus surrogate as it is representative of viruses biochemically and physically. The interest of this new tracer lies on its direct detection/quantification in solution thanks to the induced activity of its enzymes. An amperometric detection of this tracer was chosen for its sensibility, its rapidity that makes possible inline and dynamic studies and its possible application for drinking water production. The amperometric measure was validated by comparison to a reference spectrophotometric method. Filtration experiments consisting in injecting tracers in the feed and to monitor the presence of tracers in the permeate by amperometry allowed then to validate the developed method showing its ability to differentiate membrane behaviours and to characterize retention dynamics. This new method was used to characterize the retentions of flat sheet membranes and a hollow fibre module as a function of filtration operating parameters and properties of the membrane materials (MF or UF, transmembrane pressure, membrane ageing state, presence of a calibrated defect)
Tounissou, Philippe. "Etude des potentialités de l'extraction micellaire couplée à l'ultrafiltration pour la décontamination des effluents contenant des métaux lourds." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10021.
Повний текст джерелаLoranger, Éric. "Traitement des eaux de procédés par des techniques de séparation physico-chimique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1980/1/030120530.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBisinella, de faria Ana barbara. "Development of an integrated approach for wastewater treatment plant optimization based on dynamic modelling and environmental assessment." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0039/document.
Повний текст джерелаWastewater treatment plants are moving towards energy and nutrients recovery facilities. Simultaneously, they are submitted to stricter regulation with respect to environment and human health. Facing the great challenge of reducing operational costs along with the reduction of environmental impacts and the guaranty of plants robustness, tools might be developed in order to provide an integrated assessment. The goal of this work is to develop a reliable and predictive framework containing rigorous dynamic wide-plant modelling, extended boundaries life cycle assessment for scenarios evaluation and an efficient multi-objective optimization tool. The developed framework for environmental evaluation coupled to dynamic modelling was initially applied to several case studies including urine source separation, enhanced primary clarification and urine treatment by nitritation/ anaerobic ammonium oxidation, offering both performance results and environmental hotspots. Given the important benefits of the urine source separation provided by the previous results, a flexible and dynamic phenomenological influent generator was adapted in order to provide realistic dynamic data concerning urine and wastewater streams in different urine retention scenarios. Finally, as the complex combination of biological, chemical and physical processes leads to a computational expensive problem, a feasibility study (computational time and reliability) on the multi-objective optimization was conducted. Obtaining a set of solutions that avoids any prior discrimination among costs, environment and performance allowed thus the discussion of the involved trade-offs. Finally, the complete framework was applied to several case studies lightening on operational aspects of more sustainable options on wastewater management and treatment
Zhang, Ming. "Elimination de nanoparticules par des procédés de flottation." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe removal of nanoparticles (NPs) from waters is a serious challenge in the water treatment field owing to the high stability and colloidal nature of particles. This study is devoted to develop effective flotation processes for NP separation. The investigation is firstly conducted to get a good knowledge of features and colloidal behaviors of NPs in suspension. Surface modification tests and adsorption-aggregation experiments are then carried out to understand the interaction mechanisms between NPs and flotation assisting reagents. Two types of flotation (dissolved air flotation (DAF) and colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) involved flotation) were specially focused on: the former aims at using air bubbles to remove NP aggregates with the assistance of humic acid (HA), while the later employs the surface functionalized microbubbles, CGAs, to enhance the interaction of NP-bubble for the sake of high treating efficiency. Results show that, on mixing with the highly basic HA solution (pH12.9), the surface charge of TNPs is primarily neutralized by and then screened by polyanions of HA. When the pH of TNP-HA suspension is lower than 3 by adding HA stock solutions at pH4.0~9.0, the electrostatic attraction between TNPs and anions becomes insufficient but the aggregation of TNPs-colloidal HA occurs. In continuous DAF trials, the appropriate pH of HA stock solution (pH ≦ 9) and optimum HA concentration (11.1 mg/L DOC) for high TNP removals (> 95 %) are determined. The residual HA concentration remained in a low level even when HA is overdosed. When the pH of the TNP-HA suspension is highly acidic, most HA molecules are not really soluble and uncharged, and they may aggregate themselves and form hydrophobic colloidal precipitates to minimize the contact with the aqueous environment. As for the study of CGAs, the characterization results denote that introducing air flow during the CGA generation process can slow down the liquid drainage speed and may facilitate the particle separation performance; the stirring speed is a crucial parameter to create micron scale bubbles, and CGAs can be positively or negatively surface charged by using different surfactants. Different SiO2 NP (SNPs) can be efficiently separated from aqueous suspensions by the continuous CGA generation-flotation process with the highest SNP removal close to 100 %. The comparison tests between CGA-flotation and DAF denote that the former take the greater advantage because of its better treating effect and less surfactant demand
Chawaloesphonsiya, Nattawin. "Séparation d'émulsions par flottation et coalescence pour le traitement d'eaux usées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30054/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to study the separation of the stable oily emulsion by coalescer and flotation processes. The commercial Castrol Cooledge BI cutting oil was applied for synthesizing the oily wastewater since it can easily form a stabilized emulsion with water. The coalescer experiments were conducted by using polypropylene media with different shapes including granule, fiber, and tube. Effects of emulsion flow velocity and bed height as well as the bed packing were considered. For the flotation, both the dissolved air flotation (DAF) and the induced air flotation (IAF) processes in the pilot scale were employed for the emulsion separation with the addition of aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) as a coagulant. Influences of operating conditions on the separation efficiency were investigated. The results indicated that the prepared emulsion was highly stable suggested by its small droplet sizes and high negative zeta potential. The emulsion was partly separated by the coalescer with the highest efficiency of 43% from the 10 cm bed of tubular polypropylene with 2 cm/s flow velocity. In the case of the separation by flotation, the highest efficiency of 85% can be achieved from both DAF and IAF. However, the separation by flotation was ineffective without the coagulation. Therefore, the destabilization of the cutting oil emulsion by aluminium sulfate was further investigated. The main destabilization mechanism was the sweep flocculation occurred at the Al3+ concentration of 1.0 mM and pH of 6.5 - 7.5, where solid flocs can be observed. At lower Al3+ dosage, the destabilization was inefficient suggesting that only droplet coalescence was insufficient for the separation. The flocs were analyzed for their chemical composition and crystalline structure to confirm the formation of aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) that plays a role in the sweep flocculation. Furthermore, the results from the bench scale flotation carried out by the Flottatest were correspondent to those obtained from the pilot scale experiments. The addition of coagulant was needed for the effective separation. However, it was also found that the increase of Al3+ dosages further the 1.0 mM was unable to enhance the separation efficiency. Finally, the interactions of droplet-bubble and floc-bubble were observed in the special made observation cell. No interaction between oil droplets and a bubble can be seen contrasting with the case of oil flocs, which can attach on the bubble surface. This affirmed the difference between the separation of cutting oil emulsion by flotation with and without the formation of flocs
Lacaze, Olivier. "Séparation par décantation lamellaire et contact de particules. Application au traitement primaire d'eaux usées urbaines." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20148.
Повний текст джерелаRanisio, Olivier. "Étude des interactions membrane/tensio-actifs : application à la séparation des tensio-actifs non-ioniques." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT015G.
Повний текст джерелаDao, Thanh Duong. "Procédés membranaires pour l'élimination des métaux lourds : application de la distillation membranaire à l'élimination de l'Arsenic contenu dans les eaux." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0040/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work deals with vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for arsenic removal from groundwaters. Contamination of water resources with arsenic was identified in 105 countries. Approximately 150 million people are being exposed to arsenic contamination, and 147 million of these people live in Asia. In Vietnam, chosen as the case study of this work, 13% of the population is being in risk of arsenic poisoning. Drinking water resources present not only high arsenic concentration (1 – 3050 ppb) but also high salinity (5 – 15 g/L). This work allowed demonstrating the feasibility of VMD to remove arsenic and also salts contained in groundwaters. As(III) concentration in the permeate of VMD was always lower than the standard level for drinking water (10 μg.L-1), even for high As(III) concentrations in the feed (up to 2000 μg.L-1). With VMD, a pre-oxidation step was not necessary to convert As(III) into As(V), as it is the case for other conventional treatment processes. Moreover, a coupling between reverse osmosis (RO) and VMD was studied. RO was considered as a first step to concentrate NaCl and As(III) before this retentate stream was further concentrated by the VMD. VMD could work efficiently with 99.9% of As(III) andNaCl rejections at a very high RO retentate concentrations ([NaCl] = 300 g/L and [As(III)] = 7000 ppb). Arsenic in the permeate was still lower than the required standard for drinking water. Finally, a simulation of the coupling was performed. By coupling of RO and VMD, ahigh global recovery of 96% could be achieved