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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Separation de phase induite par la motilité"
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Дисертації з теми "Separation de phase induite par la motilité"
Lefranc, Thibault. "Quorum sensing dans des assemblées de particules actives synthétiques : Séparation de phase induite par la motilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2023. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04510010.
Повний текст джерелаActive matter is defined as an assembly of particles capable of transforming energy into movement on their own scale. There are many examples of active matter in nature, from a colony of bacteria to a flock of zebras, from school of fishes to human crowds. Despite this perpetual movement of individuals, it is possible in some cases to observe phase separation, i.e. the formation of defined zones of different densities. This can be explained by the detection of quorum: particles take account of their neighbors to adjust their activity. Over the last ten years or so, all the building blocks of soft matter (polymers, colloids, etc.) have been motorized to produce active materials in the laboratory. However, no form of synthetic quorum sensing has yet been reported. In this thesis, we present the first results demonstrating the possibility of creating a simple form of quorum sensing in the laboratory. For this purpose, we have chosen a colloidal rod as the basic element. We first present a theoretical analysis explaining the behavior of active rods. This analysis is an extension to anisotropic particles of Quincke's electrorotation phenomenon, already used to render spheres active. It sheds light on the richer behavior of rods. We then detail the experimental approach for the concrete implementation of motorization of these active colloids, which is at the heart of this thesis work. Finally, we report on the results obtained, which indicate a first experimental realization of artificial quorum sensing, including the observation and characterization of a phase separation induced by conditional particle motility
Dinelli, Alberto. "Scalar active matter across scales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP7003.
Повний текст джерелаActive matter encompasses out-of-equilibrium systems whose microscopic constituents exert non-conservative self-propulsion forces on their environment. The self-organization of active units into complex structures is observed at all scales in the living world, from bacterial ecosystems to flocks of birds. Furthermore, in recent years, physicists and chemists have been able to engineer synthetic particles capable of self-propulsion, such as self-phoretic Janus colloids or Quincke rollers, thus paving the way towards the realization of smart active materials. In this regard, understanding the link between the microscopic dynamics of active particles and their large-scale properties is a crucial problem for both biology and bio-inspired engineering. In this manuscript, we bridge this gap for a number of scalar active systems, i.e. active systems where the only large-scale hydrodynamic mode is the conserved density field. In particular, a large part of the manuscript is devoted to multi-component active systems---or active mixtures---whose study is relevant to achieve more realistic descriptions of biological communities: from animal ecosystems to bacterial colonies, polydispersity is ubiquitous in living systems. The manuscript is structured as follows. In Chapter 1 we provide a methodological review of coarse-graining techniques in scalar active systems. These methods are then applied in Chapter 2 to characterize the large-scale behaviors of non-interacting active particles with different tactic mechanisms. The second part of the thesis is devoted to collective behaviors in interacting scalar active systems. In Chapter 3 we study the impact of non-reciprocal motility regulation in binary mixtures of active particles, and show how the microscopic non-reciprocity affects the macroscopic organization of the system. Following this line, in Chapter 4 we consider a bacterial ecosystem where a large number of species coexist, revealing how weak, random motility regulation can be sufficient to promote the formation of distinct bacterial communities. To conclude, in Chapter 5 we shift from biological to synthetic active matter, studying a model for self-propelled Quincke rods. In particular, we show how these rods can undergo an arrested condensation transition, where the interplay between quorum-sensing and steric repulsion is crucial to stabilize the coexisting phases
Klamser, Juliane Uta. "Transitions de phase en basse dimension à l’équilibre et hors d’équilibre." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS333.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough nature is three-dimensional, lower dimensional systems are often effectively realized offering fascinating new physics. The subject of this thesis is phase transitions in low dimensions, with its primary focus on non-equilibrium phases in two-dimensional active matter. Unlike passive systems, active particles are driven by energy injected at the microscopic scale from internal degrees of freedom resulting in an irreversible dynamics, often giving rise to macroscopic phases in striking contrast to equilibrium. A goal is to give a quantitative characterization of such non-equilibrium phases and to capture these in simplest realizations of active matter. The thesis explores two-dimensional self-propelled particles with isotropic pair-wise interactions. The dynamics (persistent kinetic Monte Carlo) is a variant of passive disks and different from well-known models of active matter. A full quantitative phase diagram is presented including motility induced phase separation (MIPS) as seen in other active systems. Additionally, the famous two-step melting scenario with the hexatic phase extends far from equilibrium. In this non-equilibrium scenario, the activity can melt a 2D solid and the melting lines remain separated from MIPS. The second part explores a frequently debated issue of the existence of phase transitions in classical one-dimensional models with short-range interactions at non-zero temperature. A widely shared misconception is that such transitions are not possible. A clear counterexample to this belief is given where non-analyticity in the free energy emerges from a new mechanism with a geometrical origin, which is then established on a rigorous ground
Hanafia, Amira. "Étude des mécanismes interdépendants d’élaboration d’une membrane polymère sans solvant organique par une méthode originale de séparation de phase (TIPS-LCST), à partir d’un polymère biosourcé : l’hydroxypropylcellulose." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20045.
Повний текст джерелаPhase separation of polyer/solvent system is the most widespread industrial process to manufacture membranes. Large solvent quantity is usually used whatever the process, hence leading to environmental (coagulation and washing baths treatment) and health (industrial and plant safety) problems.This study focuses on the development of new porous membranes made from hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), a water soluble polymer, avoiding the use of any organic solvent. Moreover, the thermo-sensitive character of this polymer, characterized by a Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) in water of about 40 °C, enabled to design an original thermally induced phase separation process by temperature increase above the LCST. This study aims (i) to find the ideal polymer solution composition to produce insoluble HPC membrane, (ii) to approach and understand the link between phase separation mechanism by spinodal decomposition, crosslinkig reaction and water extraction by evaporation, (iii) characterize pure water permeability under pressure. On-line monitoring of phase sepration dynamics by phase contrast optical microscopy, crosslinking reaction by rheology and water evaporation by thermogravimetric analysis of the system HPC/water/cross-linking agent ± porogen (PEG200) allowed an understanding of simultaneous and related mechanisms occurring during elaboration (phase separation / cross-linking / water evaporation) and a correlation with HPC membrane morphologies and characteristics in relation with phase separation process parametres. Pure water permeability characterization demonstrated the efficiency of cross-linking and structural strength during several filtration cycles. Furthermore, it has been shown that water permeability of HPC membranes could be controlled in part by the temperature and the applied pressure
Hanafia, Amira. "Étude des mécanismes interdépendants d’élaboration d’une membrane polymère sans solvant organique par une méthode originale de séparation de phase (TIPS-LCST), à partir d’un polymère biosourcé : l’hydroxypropylcellulose." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20045.
Повний текст джерелаPhase separation of polyer/solvent system is the most widespread industrial process to manufacture membranes. Large solvent quantity is usually used whatever the process, hence leading to environmental (coagulation and washing baths treatment) and health (industrial and plant safety) problems.This study focuses on the development of new porous membranes made from hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), a water soluble polymer, avoiding the use of any organic solvent. Moreover, the thermo-sensitive character of this polymer, characterized by a Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) in water of about 40 °C, enabled to design an original thermally induced phase separation process by temperature increase above the LCST. This study aims (i) to find the ideal polymer solution composition to produce insoluble HPC membrane, (ii) to approach and understand the link between phase separation mechanism by spinodal decomposition, crosslinkig reaction and water extraction by evaporation, (iii) characterize pure water permeability under pressure. On-line monitoring of phase sepration dynamics by phase contrast optical microscopy, crosslinking reaction by rheology and water evaporation by thermogravimetric analysis of the system HPC/water/cross-linking agent ± porogen (PEG200) allowed an understanding of simultaneous and related mechanisms occurring during elaboration (phase separation / cross-linking / water evaporation) and a correlation with HPC membrane morphologies and characteristics in relation with phase separation process parametres. Pure water permeability characterization demonstrated the efficiency of cross-linking and structural strength during several filtration cycles. Furthermore, it has been shown that water permeability of HPC membranes could be controlled in part by the temperature and the applied pressure
Buchon, Loïc. "Etude de l'auto-assemblage de copolymères à blocs induit par photopolymérisation pour l'impression 3D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2023. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis was to develop a resin enabling the PIMS process (Polymerization Induced Micro-phase Separation) in photopolymerization under the irradiation of visible lights, applicable to 3D printing and giving access to easily recyclable thermoplastic materials. For this purpose this thesis was structured around 3 main axis. First, new Type I photoinitiators have been developed, enabling efficient photopolymerization under visible light irradiation. For this purpose, the physico-chemical properties of a hundred compounds derived from phosphine oxides were calculated by molecular modeling, and the most promising candidates were synthesized. The efficiency of these new photoinitiators was then evaluated in photopolymerization, and those with the best reactivities were successfully used in 3D printing. In the second part, the Flexibloc macro-initiator, supplied by Arkema, was introduced into photosensitive resins with various compositions to enable the PIMS process. Multiple photochemical initiation strategies have also been studied. However, with the Flexibloc, it was not possible to obtain a block copolymer or the PIMS process. As a result, new macro-(co)initiators, functionalized with tertiary amines, have been synthesized to substitute the Flexibloc in photosensitive resins. Finally, these new compounds enabled efficient photopolymerization and 3D printing. In addition, these new macro-coinitiators made it possible to obtain copolymers and the PIMS process in photopolymerization