Книги: "Separated regions"

1

Mueller, T. J. The structure of separated flow regions occuring near the leading edge of airfoils including transition. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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2

Mueller, Thomas J. The structure of separated flow regions occurring near the leading edge of airfoils - including transition. Notre Dame, Ind: Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 1985.

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3

Mueller, T. J. The structure of separated flow regions occurring near the leading edge of airfoils, including transition: Semi-annual status report, February 1986-July 1986. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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4

Dalton, Heather, ed. Keeping Family in an Age of Long Distance Trade, Imperial Expansion, and Exile, 1550-1850. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722315.

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Keeping Family in an Age of Long Distance Trade, Imperial Expansion, and Exile, 1550--1850 brings together eleven original essays by an international group of scholars, each investigating how family, or the idea of family, was maintained or reinvented when husbands, wives, children, apprentices, servants or slaves separated, or faced separation, from their household. The result is a fresh and geographically wide-ranging discussion about the nature of family and its intersection with travel over three hundred years -- a period during which roles and relationships, within and between households, were increasingly affected by trade, settlement, and empire building. The imperial project may have influenced different regions in different ways at different times yet, as this collection reveals, families, especially those transcending national ties and traditional boundaries, were central to its progress. Together, these essays bring new understandings of the foundations of our interconnected world and of the people who contributed to it.

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5

), Waterloo Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board (Ont. Curriculum management: A policy statement for the Waterloo Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board. Kitchener, Ont: Waterloo Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board, 1987.

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6

Goldsmith, William W. Separate societies: Poverty and inequality in U.S. cities. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Temple University Press, 2010.

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7

J, Blakely Edward, ed. Separate societies: Poverty and inequality in U.S. cities. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Temple University Press, 2010.

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8

Sichirollo, Livio. Una realtà separata?: Urbanistica e politica a Urbino e dintorni. Milano: Guerini e Associati, 1990.

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9

Separati in patria: Nord contro Sud : perché l'Italia è sempre più divisa. Milano: Rizzoli, 2009.

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10

Floris, Giovanni. Separati in patria: Nord contro Sud : perché l'Italia è sempre più divisa. Milano: Rizzoli, 2009.

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11

1938-, Blakely Edward James, ed. Separate societies: Poverty and inequality in U.S. cities. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992.

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12

Scherrer, Christian P. Nicaragua's Caribbean coast regions: Recognizing multiplicity--many issues unsolved : minority peoples' separate history and recent development from armed struggle to regional pluri-ethnic autonomy. 3rd ed. Moer: Institute for Research on Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution, 1997.

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13

Western Australia. State Planning Commission. Metropolitan region scheme: Amendment no. 924/33 : transferring various separate areas of land between the rural, urban, and urban deferred zone : Shire of Mundaring. Perth, W.A: The Commission, 1993.

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14

Salis, Stefan. Gestufte Verwaltungsverfahren im Umweltrecht: Eine neue Dogmatik gestufter Verwaltungsverfahren über raumbedeutsame Grossvorhaben. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1991.

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15

Alent'eva, Tat'yana, and Mariya Filimonova. USA in Modern Times: society, State and law. Part 2. 1800-1877 years. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/992890.

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The textbook examines the processes of development of American civilization in the XIX century, assesses various aspects of the life and activities of the American state. Special attention is paid to the most important periods, such as "Jeffersonian democracy", "the era of good consent", "Jacksonian democracy", "the brewing of inevitable conflict", the Civil War and Reconstruction. The political activities of American presidents, various parties and movements are analyzed. A separate chapter is devoted to the development of law in the XIX century . It is intended for students of historical faculties studying the academic discipline "History of regions (on the example of the USA)", students of historical and law faculties studying the history of the USA in Modern times, the history of international relations, the development of the state and law of this country, the constitutional law of foreign countries, as well as for students of cultural studies, students of foreign language faculties and anyone interested in the history of the USA.

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16

Akin, Alexander. East Asian Cartographic Print Culture. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726122.

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Alexander Akin examines how the expansion of publishing in the late Ming dynasty prompted changes in the nature and circulation of cartographic materials in East Asia. Focusing on mass-produced printed maps, East Asian Cartographic Print Culture: The Late Ming Publishing Boom and its Trans-Regional Connections investigates a series of pathbreaking late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century works in genres including geographical education, military affairs, and history, analysing how maps achieved unprecedented penetration among published materials, even in the absence of major theoretical or technological changes like those that transformed contemporary European cartography. By examining contemporaneous developments in neighboring Chos.n Korea and Japan, this book demonstrates the crucial importance of considering the East Asian sphere in this period as a network of communication and publication, rather than as discrete national units with separate cartographic histories. It also reexamines the Jesuit printing of maps on Ming soil within the broader context of the local cartographic publishing boom and its trans-regional repercussions.

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17

Weerdt, Hilde, and Franz-Julius Morche, eds. Political Communication in Chinese and European History, 800-1600. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720038.

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Based on a collaboration between historians of Chinese and European politics, Political Communication in Chinese and European History, 800-1600 offers a first comprehensive overview of current research on political communication in middle-period European and Chinese history. The chapters present new work on the sources and processes of political communication in European and Chinese history partly through juxtaposing and combining formerly separate historiographies and partly through direct comparison. Contrary to earlier comparative work on empires and state formation, which aimed to explain similarities and differences with encompassing models and new theories of divergence, the goal is to further conversations between historians by engaging regional historiographies from the bottom up.

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18

Shaw, Robert L. J. The Celestine Monks of France, c. 1350-1450. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986787.

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The Celestine monks of France represent one of the least studied monastic reform movements of the late Middle Ages, and yet also one of the most culturally impactful. Their order - an austere Italian Benedictine reform of the late thirteenth century, which came be known after the papal name of their founder, Celestine V (St Peter of Murrone) - arrived in France in 1300. After a period of marginal growth, they flourished in the region from the mid-fourteenth century, founding thirteen new houses over the next hundred years, taking their total to seventeen by 1450. Not only did the French Celestines expand, they gained a distinctive character that separated them from their Italian brothers. More urban, better connected with both aristocratic and bourgeois society, and yet still rigorous and reformist, they characterised themselves as the 'Observant' wing of their order, having gained self-government for their provincial congregation in 1380 following the arrival of the Great Western Schism (1378-1417). But, as Robert L.J. Shaw argues, their importance runs beyond monastic reform: the late medieval French Celestines are a mirror of the political, intellectual, and Christian reform culture of their age. Within a France torn by war and a Church divided by schism, the French Celestines represented hope for renewal, influencing royal presentation, lay religion, and some of the leading French intellectuals of the period, including Jean Gerson.

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19

Postnikov, A. The legal status of a person and a citizen in a changing world. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1911600.

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The monograph solves two interrelated tasks: the theoretical definition of the modern content of the constitutional and legal status of the individual in our country in the context of the development of constitutional legislation, international law and the experience of legal regulation in foreign countries; the establishment of the most significant trends in the development of the legal status of the individual, causing changes in constitutional doctrine, legislation and law enforcement practice. The role of constitutional legislation in the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the existence of "parallel" regulation and personality at the level of the Constitution and current legislation. The issues of the influence of regional legislation on the development of the constitutional and legal status of the individual are considered separately. It is shown that different regulatory approaches are applied in this regard in different subjects of the Federation. Taking into account the fact that the legal status of an individual, along with rights and freedoms, is also formed by the duties of an individual, the essence and directions of the development of institutions of duties and responsibility are revealed. For readers interested in modern problems of constitutionalism, human rights and their protection.

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20

Lazarev, V. Law-making in the XXI century: the evolution of doctrine and practice (to the 90th anniversary of the birth of A.S.Pigolkin). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1861953.

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The collection was prepared based on the materials of the All-Russian Annual Meeting of Legal Theorists dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian legal scholar Albert Semenovich Pigolkin. The authors study the scientific heritage of A.S. Pigolkin, many of whose works are devoted to the issues of law-making and remain relevant, and also consider the problems of law-making, which is currently acquiring new features. The first section presents the memories of colleagues and students about the personality of the scientist, the role of his developments for modern legal science and practice is outlined. The importance of methodological foundations for measuring the effectiveness of certain types of law enforcement activities, the doctrine of the division of the law-making process into stages, approaches to systematization and codification of legislation, interpretation of legal norms is emphasized. In other sections, separate facets of this heritage are considered, including in the light of modern challenges, the general philosophical, socio-political and legal vision of the Russian legal system, as well as the development of digitalization processes. Inspired by the scientific ideas of Albert Semenovich, the authors explore contractual and judicial rulemaking, legal techniques and experimental legal regimes, pay attention to new trends in the use of the language of law, pose questions and give answers to many other problems of legal regulation. The publication is aimed at the transfer of unique scientific experience, the development of the methodology of legal research, the formation of scientific approaches to improving the process of preparation and adoption of regulatory legal acts, increasing the effectiveness of their action. For legal scholars and practitioners, teachers, students and postgraduates of law universities and faculties, experts in the field of law-making.

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21

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. [The Structure of separated flow regions occurring near the leading edge of airfoils, including transition]. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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22

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The structure of separated flow regions occurring near the leading edge of airfoils, including transition: Semi-annual status report, November 1984 - April 1985. Notre Dame, Ind: Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 1985.

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23

Shepherd, Scoresby, and Graham Edgar, eds. Ecology of Australian Temperate Reefs. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486300105.

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Ecology of Australian Temperate Reefs presents the current state of knowledge of the ecology of important elements of southern Australian sub-tidal reef flora and fauna, and the underlying ecological principles. Preliminary chapters describe the geological origin, oceanography and biogeography of southern Australia, including the transitional temperate regions toward the Abrolhos Islands in the west and to Sydney in the east. The book then explains the origin and evolution of the flora and fauna at geological time scales as Australia separated from Antarctica; the oceanography of the region, including principal currents, and interactions with on-shelf waters; and the ecology of particular species or species groups at different trophic levels, starting with algae, then the ecological principles on which communities are organised. Finally, conservation and management issues are discussed. Ecology of Australian Temperate Reefs is well illustrated with line drawings, figures and colour photographs showing the many species covered, and will be a much valued reference for biologists, undergraduates, and those interested and concerned with reef life and its natural history. 2014 Whitley Award Commendation for Marine Ecology.

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24

Immergut, Ellen M., Karen M. Anderson, Camilla Devitt, and Tamara Popic, eds. Health Politics in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860525.001.0001.

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Health Politics in Europe: A Handbook is a work of reference that provides historical background and up-to-date information and analysis on health politics and health systems throughout Europe. In particular, it captures developments that have taken place since the end of the Cold War, a turning point for many European health systems, with most post-communist transition countries privatizing their state-run health systems, and many Western European health systems experimenting with new public management and other market-oriented health reforms. Following three introductory, stage-setting chapters, the handbook offers country cases divided into seven regional sections, each of which begins with a short regional outlook chapter that highlights the region’s common characteristics and divergent paths taken by the separate countries, including comparative data on health system financing, healthcare access, and the political salience of health. Each regional section contains at least one detailed main case, followed by shorter treatments of the other countries in the region. Country chapters comprise an historical overview focusing on the country’s progression through a series of political regimes and the consequences of this history for the health system; an overview of the institutions and functioning of the contemporary health system; and a political narrative tracing the politics of health policy since 1989. This political narrative, the core of each country case, examines key health reforms in order to understand the political motivations and dynamics behind them and their impact on public opinion and political legitimacy. The handbook’s systematic structure makes it useful for country-specific, cross-national, and topical research and analysis.

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25

Hamann, Edmund T., and Jenelle Reeves. Humanizing Latino Newcomers in the “No Coast” Region. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037665.003.0009.

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In December 2006 and again in May 2008, the Midwest was the setting for large-scale Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids in rural meatpacking towns that drew national attention. In the first raids, concurrent sweeps in six different communities that hosted Swift plants, children, and schools emerged as important and sympathy-generating themes as children were separated from detained parents and schools were left struggling to figure out what to do with those children. Both of these issues distracted from the intended law enforcement thrust of the raids, reducing their popularity and making them more controversial. In contrast, the May 2008 raid at a kosher meat-processing facility in Postville, Iowa, had the ICE enforcement agents querying their detainees about whether they had children and placing those who answered yes under house arrest. Although this, too, destroyed the former workers' chance at earning a livelihood, it did not separate mothers from children, nor did it require schools to become emergency sanctuaries for frightened and marooned children. Thus, two key sympathy-generating factors that could make the larger public dubious of ICE enforcement were bypassed. Invoking trope theory, this chapter looks at local and regional mainstream print media coverage of both raids to see how the imagining of children, school, transnationality, and workers in and by Middle America was changed between the two raid cycles, in turn changing the semiotics of how these raids were to be responded to.

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26

Kholodnov, Viacheslav. Physical Design Fundamentals of High-Performance Avalanche Heterophotodiodes with Separate Absorption and Multiplication Regions. INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012.

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27

Waterloo Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board (Ont.), ed. Review of religious education - secondary schools, Waterloo Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board. [Kitchener, Ont.]: Waterloo Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board, 1989.

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28

Hughes, Jim. Distal humerus and elbow. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813170.003.0010.

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The elbow is a complex region to perform surgery on. This chapter covers a selection of orthopaedic procedures involving the distal humerus and the elbow, covering plating of the distal humerus, tension band wiring of the olecranon, and plating of the olecranon. Each procedure includes images that demonstrate the position of the C-arm, patient, and surgical equipment, with accompanying radiographs demonstrating the resulting images. The elbow and distal humerus can often be injured through trauma. To maintain functionality of the limb, it is essential they heal correctly. The regions must also undergo opposing forces from the muscles that move the arm, and these can separate fractures causing delay or failure to heal.

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29

Rippon, Stephen, Piers Dixon, and Bob Silvester. Overview. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.8.

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During the later medieval period, the vast majority of the British population lived in rural settlements whose primary means of subsistence was agriculture. This overview summarizes the evidence for the villages, hamlets, and farmsteads of medieval England, Scotland, and Wales. Regional differences in the intensity of fieldwork are explored, followed by discussions of nucleated and dispersed settlement patterns, planned villages, and specialist grazing (including seasonal), coastal, industrial, and high-status settlements associated with different forms of landscape exploitation. This exposes some of the commonalities between settlement patterns in the different regions of medieval Britain, although it is also apparent that there have been separate research traditions in England, Scotland, and Wales.

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30

(Editor), Werner Baer, and Geoffrey Hewings (Editor), eds. Latin American Business: Equity Distortion in Regional Allocation in Brazil (Monographic Separates from Latin American Business Review) (Monographic Separates from Latin American Business Review). International Business Press, 2007.

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31

(Editor), Werner Baer, and Geoffrey Hewings (Editor), eds. Latin American Business: Equity Distortion in Regional Allocation in Brazil (Monographic Separates from Latin American Business Review) (Monographic Separates from Latin American Business Review). International Business Press, 2007.

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32

van den Hoff, Maurice J. B., and Antoon F. M. Moorman. From heart-forming region to ballooning chambers. Edited by Miguel Torres. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0006.

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This chapter describes the formation of the adult four-chambered heart from the precardiac mesodermal cells. The precardiac mesoderm develops into a linear heart tube by the process of folding. The subsequent increase in size of the heart by the addition of precursor cells derived from the first and second heart fields is discussed. For the sake of clarity, the chapter describes the addition of precursor cells to the inflow and outflow, separately. Next, the formation of the ventricular chambers with respect to ballooning and differentiation into a compact and trabecular layer is discussed. Finally, the formation of the septa in the heart tube is described, creating the adult four-chambered heart.

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33

Going Their Separate Ways: Agrarian Transformation in Kenya, 1930-1950. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2003.

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34

Cumings, Bruce. The Origins of the Korean War, Volume I: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes, 1945-1947. Grupo ILHSA, 2004.

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35

Scarre, Chris. Neolithic Figurines of Western Europe. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.042.

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Western Europe has relatively few figurines of Neolithic or Chalcolithic date by comparison with the large numbers known from Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia. Human figurines (mainly of fired clay) are, however, found in Bandkeramik contexts from Central Europe to the North Sea, with others in eastern France. The scarcity of human figurines from areas such as Britain illustrates the diversity of cultural and symbolic practice that privileged human representations in some areas but not others. In the Baltic region, a separate figurine tradition drawing probably on Late Palaeolithic or Mesolithic origins persisted into the Neolithic. It is, however, the Iberian peninsula that stands apart from other regions of western Europe for the abundance and diversity of its human figurines, most of them of Late Neolithic or Chalcolithic date (mid-fourth to late third millennium bc). They include carved schist plaques and ‘eye-idols’ of bone and other materials. The florescence of Iberian figurine production is associated with the emergence of societies on the verge of complexity, characterized by craft specialization and long-distance exchange.

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36

Englehardt, Joshua D., Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza, and Christopher S. Beekman, eds. Ancient West Mexicos. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066349.001.0001.

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Ancient west Mexico has often been viewed as an isolated mishmash of cultures, separated from Mesoamerica “proper,” a region that lacked “civilization.” This volume argues against this vision by highlighting current archaeological research on the diverse and complex pre-Hispanic societies that developed in this area. Through the presentation of original data and interpretations, contributions provoke debate and advance understanding of regional complexity, chronology, and diversity, as well as the role of the west in broader, pan-Mesoamerican sociocultural processes. The volume illustrates the ways in which research and areal data from western Mesoamerica can meaningfully contribute to the construction of theoretical models applicable in multiple contexts and capable of enhancing archaeological descriptions and explanations of the dynamic diversity characteristic of all Mesoamerican societies. The volume also presents intriguing case studies from western Mesoamerica that illuminate alternative pathways to sociopolitical complexity in pre-Hispanic societies. In doing so, the volume seeks to contribute to contemporary anthropological and archaeological debates regarding the ways in which archaeologists describe and explain the material configurations that they encounter in the archaeological record, and how these configurations may explain, relate to, and enhance our understanding of the ancient lifeways of the diverse societies that inhabited the region.

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37

Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean: Economic structure and analysis : the region and its organisations, together with separate country studies. London: Economicst Intelligence Unit, Economist Publications Ltd., 1985.

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38

Ahram, Ariel I., Patrick Köllner, and Rudra Sil, eds. Comparative Area Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.001.0001.

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Area studies scholarship has been indispensable for the development of social scientific knowledge. However, it risks becoming marginalized without more concerted efforts to demonstrate its relevance for contemporary social science. This volume showcases comparative area studies (CAS). CAS incorporates familiar elements from past comparative research but draws them together into a strategy for balancing context-sensitive understandings of diverse locales with cross-regional qualitative research on questions that matter to social science disciplines. Part II considers the epistemological, methodological, and practical concerns driving CAS as well as the pitfalls of doing cross-regional comparative research. The chapters emphasize the distinctive gains from extending one’s field of vision beyond one’s primary area of expertise (and the costs of not doing so). Part III presents studies that illustrate how creatively designed contextualized comparisons of cases from different regions generate novel insights into a range of substantive topics—from protests and rebellions to anti-corruption campaigns, resource booms, and the organization of production. The final chapter recasts the significance of CAS in light of current debates on social science methods, suggesting that cross-regional contextualized comparison can partly compensate for some of the blind spots in the most common forms of qualitative and mixed-method research. The volume demonstrates that the pursuit of area expertise and the search for social scientific knowledge need not be a zero-sum game as long as we make conscious efforts to connect scholarly debates unfolding within separate area studies communities to each other and to the theoretical problems driving social science research.

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39

Gary, Cameron, Bidgood Bruce, and Wilfrid Laurier University. Faculty of Social Work. Centre for Social Welfare Studies., eds. A Study of the nutrition habits of children attending the primary schools of the Waterloo Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board. Waterloo, Ont: Wilfrid Laurier University, Faculty of Social work, Centre for Social Welfare Studies, 1993.

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40

Pronkin, Sergey. The Regional and Municipal Governance Issues in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2430.978-5-317-06664-2.

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The monograph is devoted to actual issues of regional and municipal governance in the UK. The regional governance′s problems are considered on the examples of the devolution of Wales, the creation Greater London Administration and the unsuccessful attempt to regionalize England as a separate part of the UK. The problems of municipal management are considered on the example of boroughs - Greater London′s municipal districts.

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41

Zavagno, Daniele, and Olga Daneyko. The Glare Effect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0061.

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The glare effect consists in a strong brightness enhancement of a bright region determined solely by the presence of linear luminance gradients organized in such a way that the bright ends of the gradients delimit the bright region. The effect is obtained with both achromatic and chromatic gradients. In its achromatic version, the illusion has been employed to study the perception of luminosity and the effects of brightness on lightness in simultaneous contrast configurations. The role of photometric gradients and their distribution in space are discussed, with demos showing how luminance gradients can be employed to generate also darkness enhancements and impressions of illumination. A variant of the glare effect is illustrated in which the brightness enhancement is obtained by employing discrete grey steps separated in space, organized to form so-called luminance pseudo-ramps.

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42

Cardon, Nathan. A Dream or Nightmare of the Future? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190274726.003.0006.

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The book concludes with the 1907 Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition, which both reflected and refracted the hopes and dreams of the Cotton States and Tennessee Centennial. It reflected New South desires for a society in which industrial capital flooded the South, opened foreign markets, and where a race hierarchy included African Americans in the region’s progress yet separated them within that society. But it also saw the refraction of their dreams in in which the vision of an ordered and prosperous South came unhinged in the fair’s financial disaster. Southern women were all but eliminated from participating, and African Americans’ dreams of inclusion in the region’s progress—albeit on the white South’s terms—now appeared a very dubious assertion. The Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition still represented the New South dream of a modern and imperial future, but for others, it was a nightmare.

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43

Gary, Cameron, Bidgood Bruce, and Wilfrid Laurier University. Faculty of Social Work. Centre for Social Welfare Studies., eds. A Study of the nutrition habits of children attending the primary schools of the Waterloo Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board: Executive summary. Waterloo, Ont: Wilfrid Laurier University, Faculty of Social work, Centre for Social Welfare Studies, 1988.

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44

Chappell, Michael, Bradley MacIntosh, and Thomas Okell. Calibration: Estimating Arterial Blood Magnetization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793816.003.0005.

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To get a measure of perfusion in absolute units from arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI measurements, a further calibration step is required. Using a separate image acquired at the same time as the main ASL data, a number of options exist to calculate the required value of arterial blood magnetization. This chapter outlines common approaches, along with their differing strengths and weaknesses, including using a reference region of tissue, or computation of the necessary calibration factor in each voxel of the image.

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45

Malyshev, Aleksey, ed. Myskhako necropolis. Excavations in 1978 – 1979. LCC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1981.978-5-317-06559-1.

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The series of articles «The Pontic necropolises» has been published since 2007, and has explored a number of funerary monuments of the Early Iron Age and ancient times of the Abrau Peninsula. In the fi volume of the series the complex of burials of the Myskhako burial ground is introduced into scientifi circulation. Two burial horizons have been discovered in this region, which are separated by two and a half millennia. Like the neighboring ancient Gorgippia, the settlement of Myskhako (Bata village: Strabo, XI, 2, 14; Ptol., Geogr. V, 89), with which the published necropolis is connected, is located at the crossroads of sea and land highways.

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46

Stahle, David W., Dorian J. Burnette, Daniel Griffin, and Edward R. Cook. Thirteenth Century AD. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0009.

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The hypothesis that a prolonged drought across southwestern North America in the late thirteenth century contributed to the abandonment of the region by Ancestral Pueblo populations, ultimately including the depopulation of the Mesa Verde region, continues to be a focus of archaeological research in the Pueblo region. We address the hypothesis through the re-measurement of tree-ring specimens from living trees and archaeological wood at Mesa Verde, Colorado, to derive chronologies of earlywood, latewood, and total ring width. The three chronology types all date from AD 480 to 2008 and were used to separately reconstruct cool and early warm season effective moisture and total water-year precipitation for Chapin Mesa near many of the major prehistoric archaeological sites. The new reconstructions indicate three simultaneous cool and early growing season droughts during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries that may have contributed to the environmental and social factors behind Ancestral Pueblo migrations over this sector of the Colorado Plateau. These sustained inter-seasonal droughts included the “Great Drought” of the late-thirteenth century, which is estimated to have been one of the most severe regimes of cool and early summer drought in the last 1,500-years and coincided with the end of Puebloan occupations at Mesa Verde. The elevation of the 30 cm isohyet of water-year precipitation reconstructed for southwestern Colorado from the new ring-width data is mapped from AD 1276–1280 and identifies areas where dry-land cultivation of maize may not have been practical during the driest years of the Great Drought. There is no doubt about the exact dating of the tree-ring chronologies, but the low sample size of dated specimens from Mesa Verde during the late-thirteenth and fourteenth centuries contributes uncertainty to these environmental reconstructions at the time of abandonment.

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47

Plug, Ina. Middle and Later Stone Age hunters and their prey in southern Africa. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.26.

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Identifications of animal remains from southern African Stone Age sites are complicated by the abundancy of taxa, skeletal differences, a wide variety of habitats, and the fragmented condition of most of the bone samples. Studies in osteomorphology and osteometry are essential. There are regional variations in species sizes combined with changes in bone sizes within and between taxa. Seasonality and animal migrations are demonstrated in the highlands of Lesotho and the semi-arid Karoo. Faunal studies of Sibudu and Bushman Rock Shelter show the contrast between two rock shelters that are geographically separated but overlap in occupation periods.

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48

Krzanowski, Roman M., and Jonathan Raper. Spatial Evolutionary Modeling. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135688.001.0001.

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Evolutionary models (e.g., genetic algorithms, artificial life), explored in other fields for the past two decades, are now emerging as an important new tool in GIS for a number of reasons. First, they are highly appropriate for modeling geographic phenomena. Secondly, geographical problems are often spatially separate (broken down into local or regional problems) and evolutionary algorithms can exploit this structure. Finally, the ability to store, manipulate, and visualize spatial data has increased to the point that space-time-attribute databases can be easily handled.

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49

Huang, Alexa. ‘It is the East’. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.54.

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Shakespearean tragedies have played an important part in modern and contemporary East Asian engagements with Western cultures. Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Singaporean translations, rewritings, films, and theatre productions have three important shared characteristics, namely hybridization of genres, intra-regional and trans-historical allusions, and spirituality. These adaptations tend to present the plays in hybrid performative genres, sometimes turning tragedy into comedy or parody. These adaptations are also informed by intra-regional borrowing and allusions that matter to each separate cultural location and to East Asia as a whole. They tend to interpret Shakespearean tragedies through issues of spirituality and through the artists’ personal, rather than national, identities, giving primacy to personal life stories and to the interaction with the audience, rather than attempting ‘authentic’ representations either of Shakespearean tragedy or indeed of ‘Asia’.

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50

Rotberg, Robert. Things Come Together. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190942540.001.0001.

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Africa was falling apart. But now it is coming together, and Africa and Africans are achieving greatness. The twenty-first century is significant for every African. In Things Come Together, Robert Rotberg extols the successes and explains the struggles. Rotberg is one of the world’s foremost authorities on African politics and society, and in this book he synthesizes his knowledge of the continent into a concise overview of the current state of Africa and where it is headed. To that end, Rotberg considers Africa’s myriad peoples as contributors in their separate nations to the continent’s ultimate destiny.The continent is experiencing explosive population growth and rapidly urbanizing. How are African states managing this epochal shift? He looks at how Africa’s nations are governed, ranging from states with autocratic kleptocrats to democratized regimes that have made progress in achieving economic growth and battling corruption. He then turns to African economies, looking at growth levels, productivity, and persistent corruption. He concludes by covering the effects of war, health care, wildlife management, varieties of religious belief, education, technology diffusion, and the character of both city and village life in this ever-evolving region. Throughout this sweeping work, Rotberg deftly moves readers across the continent, from Nigeria to South Africa, from Kenya to Uganda, to name but a few. While there are cross-continent commonalities related to governance, demographics, and economic performance, he shows the unique national variations of who and what is African.

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