Статті в журналах з теми "Sensorimotor control of speech"
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1
Vaughn, Chris, and Sazzad M. Nasir. "Precise feedback control underlies sensorimotor learning in speech." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 3 (February 1, 2015): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00454.2014.
Анотація:
Acquiring the skill of speaking in another language, or for that matter a child's learning to talk, does not follow a single recipe. People learn by variable amounts. A major component of speech learnability seems to be sensing precise feedback errors to correct subsequent utterances that help maintain speech goals. We have tested this idea in a speech motor learning paradigm under altered auditory feedback, in which subjects repeated a word while their auditory feedback was changed online. Subjects learned the task to variable degrees, with some simply failing to learn. We assessed feedback contribution by computing one-lag covariance between formant trajectories of the current feedback and the following utterance that was found to be a significant predictor of learning. Our findings rely on a novel use of information-rich formant trajectories in evaluating speech motor learning and argue for their relevance in auditory speech goals of vowel sounds.
2
Houde, John F., and Michael I. Jordan. "Sensorimotor Adaptation of Speech I." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 2 (April 2002): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/023).
Анотація:
When motor actions (e.g., reaching with your hand) adapt to altered sensory feedback (e.g., viewing a shifted image of your hand through a prism), the phenomenon is called sensorimotor adaptation (SA). In the study reported here, SA was observed in speech. In two 2-hour experiments (adaptation and control), participants whispered a variety of CVC words. For those words containing the vowel /ε/, participants heard auditory feedback of their whispering. A DSP-based vocoder processed the participants' auditory feedback in real time, allowing the formant frequencies of participants' auditory speech feedback to be shifted. In the adaptation experiment, formants were shifted along one edge of the vowel triangle. For half the participants, formants were shifted so participants heard /a/ when they produced /ε/; for the other half, the shift made participants hear /i/ when they produced /ε/. During the adaptation experiment, participants altered their production of /ε/ to compensate for the altered feedback, and these production changes were retained when participants whispered with auditory feedback blocked by masking noise. In a control experiment, in which the formants were not shifted, participants' production changes were small and inconsistent. Participants exhibited a range of adaptations in response to the altered feedback, with some participants adapting almost completely, and other participants showing very little or no adaptation.
3
van den Bunt, Mark R., Margriet A. Groen, Steve Frost, Airey Lau, Jonathan L. Preston, Vincent L. Gracco, Kenneth R. Pugh, and Ludo T. W. Verhoeven. "Sensorimotor Control of Speech and Children’s Reading Ability." Scientific Studies of Reading 22, no. 6 (July 17, 2018): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2018.1491583.
4
Valeriani, Davide, and Kristina Simonyan. "The dynamic connectome of speech control." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1836 (September 6, 2021): 20200256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0256.
Анотація:
Speech production relies on the orchestrated control of multiple brain regions. The specific, directional influences within these networks remain poorly understood. We used regression dynamic causal modelling to infer the whole-brain directed (effective) connectivity from functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 36 healthy individuals during the production of meaningful English sentences and meaningless syllables. We identified that the two dynamic connectomes have distinct architectures that are dependent on the complexity of task production. The speech was regulated by a dynamic neural network, the most influential nodes of which were centred around superior and inferior parietal areas and influenced the whole-brain network activity via long-ranging coupling with primary sensorimotor, prefrontal, temporal and insular regions. By contrast, syllable production was controlled by a more compressed, cost-efficient network structure, involving sensorimotor cortico-subcortical integration via superior parietal and cerebellar network hubs. These data demonstrate the mechanisms by which the neural network reorganizes the connectivity of its influential regions, from supporting the fundamental aspects of simple syllabic vocal motor output to multimodal information processing of speech motor output. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.
5
Nijland, Lian, Hayo Terband, and Ben Maassen. "Cognitive Functions in Childhood Apraxia of Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 58, no. 3 (June 2015): 550–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-14-0084.
Анотація:
Purpose Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is diagnosed on the basis of specific speech characteristics, in the absence of problems in hearing, intelligence, and language comprehension. This does not preclude the possibility that children with this speech disorder might demonstrate additional problems. Method Cognitive functions were investigated in 3 domains: complex sensorimotor and sequential memory functions, simple sensorimotor functions, and nonrelated control functions. Seventeen children with CAS were compared with 17 children with normal speech development at 2 occasions within 15 months. Results The children with CAS showed overall lower scores but similar improvement at Occasion 2 compared with the typically developing controls, indicating an overall delay in the development of cognitive functions. However, a specific deviant development in sequential abilities was found as well, indicated by significantly lower scores at Occasion 2 as compared with younger control children at Occasion 1. Furthermore, the scores on the complex sensorimotor and sequential memory tasks were significantly correlated with the severity of the speech impairment. Conclusions These results suggest that CAS involves a symptom complex that not only comprises errors of sequencing speech movements but implicates comorbidity in nonverbal sequential functioning in most children with CAS.
6
Bruderer, Alison G., D. Kyle Danielson, Padmapriya Kandhadai, and Janet F. Werker. "Sensorimotor influences on speech perception in infancy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 44 (October 12, 2015): 13531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508631112.
Анотація:
The influence of speech production on speech perception is well established in adults. However, because adults have a long history of both perceiving and producing speech, the extent to which the perception–production linkage is due to experience is unknown. We addressed this issue by asking whether articulatory configurations can influence infants’ speech perception performance. To eliminate influences from specific linguistic experience, we studied preverbal, 6-mo-old infants and tested the discrimination of a nonnative, and hence never-before-experienced, speech sound distinction. In three experimental studies, we used teething toys to control the position and movement of the tongue tip while the infants listened to the speech sounds. Using ultrasound imaging technology, we verified that the teething toys consistently and effectively constrained the movement and positioning of infants’ tongues. With a looking-time procedure, we found that temporarily restraining infants’ articulators impeded their discrimination of a nonnative consonant contrast but only when the relevant articulator was selectively restrained to prevent the movements associated with producing those sounds. Our results provide striking evidence that even before infants speak their first words and without specific listening experience, sensorimotor information from the articulators influences speech perception. These results transform theories of speech perception by suggesting that even at the initial stages of development, oral–motor movements influence speech sound discrimination. Moreover, an experimentally induced “impairment” in articulator movement can compromise speech perception performance, raising the question of whether long-term oral–motor impairments may impact perceptual development.
7
Kim, Kwang S., Jessica L. Gaines, Benjamin Parrell, Vikram Ramanarayanan, Srikantan S. Nagarajan, and John F. Houde. "Mechanisms of sensorimotor adaptation in a hierarchical state feedback control model of speech." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 7 (July 28, 2023): e1011244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011244.
Анотація:
Upon perceiving sensory errors during movements, the human sensorimotor system updates future movements to compensate for the errors, a phenomenon called sensorimotor adaptation. One component of this adaptation is thought to be driven by sensory prediction errors–discrepancies between predicted and actual sensory feedback. However, the mechanisms by which prediction errors drive adaptation remain unclear. Here, auditory prediction error-based mechanisms involved in speech auditory-motor adaptation were examined via the feedback aware control of tasks in speech (FACTS) model. Consistent with theoretical perspectives in both non-speech and speech motor control, the hierarchical architecture of FACTS relies on both the higher-level task (vocal tract constrictions) as well as lower-level articulatory state representations. Importantly, FACTS also computes sensory prediction errors as a part of its state feedback control mechanism, a well-established framework in the field of motor control. We explored potential adaptation mechanisms and found that adaptive behavior was present only when prediction errors updated the articulatory-to-task state transformation. In contrast, designs in which prediction errors updated forward sensory prediction models alone did not generate adaptation. Thus, FACTS demonstrated that 1) prediction errors can drive adaptation through task-level updates, and 2) adaptation is likely driven by updates to task-level control rather than (only) to forward predictive models. Additionally, simulating adaptation with FACTS generated a number of important hypotheses regarding previously reported phenomena such as identifying the source(s) of incomplete adaptation and driving factor(s) for changes in the second formant frequency during adaptation to the first formant perturbation. The proposed model design paves the way for a hierarchical state feedback control framework to be examined in the context of sensorimotor adaptation in both speech and non-speech effector systems.
8
Daliri, Ayoub, Elizabeth S. Heller Murray, Anne J. Blood, James Burns, J. Pieter Noordzij, Alfonso Nieto-Castanon, Jason A. Tourville, and Frank H. Guenther. "Auditory Feedback Control Mechanisms Do Not Contribute to Cortical Hyperactivity Within the Voice Production Network in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00325.
Анотація:
Purpose Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD), the most common form of spasmodic dysphonia, is a debilitating voice disorder characterized by hyperactivity and muscle spasms in the vocal folds during speech. Prior neuroimaging studies have noted excessive brain activity during speech in participants with ADSD compared to controls. Speech involves an auditory feedback control mechanism that generates motor commands aimed at eliminating disparities between desired and actual auditory signals. Thus, excessive neural activity in ADSD during speech may reflect, at least in part, increased engagement of the auditory feedback control mechanism as it attempts to correct vocal production errors detected through audition. Method To test this possibility, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify differences between participants with ADSD ( n = 12) and age-matched controls ( n = 12) in (a) brain activity when producing speech under different auditory feedback conditions and (b) resting-state functional connectivity within the cortical network responsible for vocalization. Results As seen in prior studies, the ADSD group had significantly higher activity than the control group during speech with normal auditory feedback (compared to a silent baseline task) in three left-hemisphere cortical regions: ventral Rolandic (sensorimotor) cortex, anterior planum temporale, and posterior superior temporal gyrus/planum temporale. Importantly, this same pattern of hyperactivity was also found when auditory feedback control of speech was eliminated through masking noise. Furthermore, the ADSD group had significantly higher resting-state functional connectivity between sensorimotor and auditory cortical regions within the left hemisphere as well as between the left and right hemispheres. Conclusions Together, our results indicate that hyperactivation in the cortical speech network of individuals with ADSD does not result from hyperactive auditory feedback control mechanisms and rather is likely related to impairments in somatosensory feedback control and/or feedforward control mechanisms.
9
Okobi, Daniel E., Arkarup Banerjee, Andrew M. M. Matheson, Steven M. Phelps, and Michael A. Long. "Motor cortical control of vocal interaction in neotropical singing mice." Science 363, no. 6430 (February 28, 2019): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau9480.
Анотація:
Like many adaptive behaviors, acoustic communication often requires rapid modification of motor output in response to sensory cues. However, little is known about the sensorimotor transformations that underlie such complex natural behaviors. In this study, we examine vocal exchanges in Alston’s singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina). We find that males modify singing behavior during social interactions on a subsecond time course that resembles both traditional sensorimotor tasks and conversational speech. We identify an orofacial motor cortical region and, via a series of perturbation experiments, demonstrate a hierarchical control of vocal production, with the motor cortex influencing the pacing of singing behavior on a moment-by-moment basis, enabling precise vocal interactions. These results suggest a systems-level framework for understanding the sensorimotor transformations that underlie natural social interactions.
10
Murphy, K., D. R. Corfield, A. Guz, G. R. Fink, R. J. S. Wise, J. Harrison, and L. Adams. "Cerebral areas associated with motor control of speech in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): 1438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.5.1438.
Анотація:
Murphy, K., D. R. Corfield, A. Guz, G. R. Fink, R. J. S. Wise, J. Harrison, and L. Adams. Cerebral areas associated with motor control of speech in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1438–1447, 1997.—We have defined areas in the brain activated during speaking, utilizing positron emission tomography. Six normal subjects continuously repeated the phrase “Buy Bobby a poppy” (requiring minimal language processing) in four ways: A) spoken aloud, B) mouthed silently, C) without articulation, and D) thought silently. Statistical comparison of images from conditions Awith C and B with D highlighted areas associated with articulation alone, because control of breathing for speech was controlled for; we found bilateral activations in sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum with right-sided activation in the thalamus/caudate nucleus. Contrasting images from conditions A with B and C with D highlighted areas associated with the control of breathing for speech, vocalization, and hearing, because articulation was controlled for; we found bilateral activations in sensorimotor and motor cortex, close to but distinct from the activations in the preceding contrast, together with activations in thalamus, cerebellum, and supplementary motor area. In neither subtraction was there activation in Broca’s area. These results emphasize the bilaterality of the cerebral control of “speaking” without language processing.
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Millian-Morell, Lymarie, Tomas Lopez-Alburquerque, Andrea Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Ricardo Gomez-Nieto, Juan Carro, Juan J. G. Meilan, Francisco Martinez-Sanchez, Consuelo Sancho, and Dolores E. Lopez. "Relations between Sensorimotor Integration and Speech Disorders in Parkinson's Disease." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 2 (January 3, 2018): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170829103019.
Анотація:
Background: Sensorimotor integration mechanisms can be affected by many factors, among which are those involving neuromuscular disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by well-known motor symptoms, among which lately have been included motor speech deficits. Measurement of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and its modulations (prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation, PPI and PPF respectively) represent a simple and quantifiable tool to assess sensorimotor function. However, it remains unknown whether measures of the PPI and PPF are associated with motor speech deficits in PD. Methods: A total of 88 subjects participated in this study, 52 diagnosed with PD and 36 control subjects. After obtaining written informed consent, participants were assessed with PPI at several interstimulus intervals, and PPF at 1000 ms using the SRH-Lab system (San Diego, CA). Percentage of change in the amplitude and latency of the ASR was analyzed between groups. Voice recordings were register of a specific text given to the subjects with a professional recorder and temporal patterns of speech were analyzed. Results: Statistical analysis conducted in this study showed differences in PPI and PPF in subjects with PD compared to controls. In addition, discriminative parameters of voice abnormalities were observed in PD subjects related to control subjects showing a reduction in phonation time, vowel pulses, breaks, breakage and voice speech periods. Conclusions: PD presents a disruption in sensorimotor filter mechanisms and speech disorders, and there is a relationship between these alterations. The correlation between the PPI and PPF with an alteration of the voice in PD subjects contributes toward understanding mechanism underlying the neurophysiological alterations in both processes. Overall, easy and non-invasive tests such as PPI, PPF together with voice analysis may be useful to identify early stages of PD.
12
Ludlow, Christy L. "Recent advances in laryngeal sensorimotor control for voice, speech and swallowing." Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 12, no. 3 (June 2004): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.moo.0000120302.58882.13.
13
Gracco, Vincent L. "Some Organizational Characteristics of Speech Movement Control." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 1 (February 1994): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3701.04.
Анотація:
The neuromotor organization for a class of speech sounds (bilabials) was examined to evaluate the control principles underlying speech as a sensorimotor process. Oral opening and closing actions for the consonants /p/, /b/, and /m/ (C1) in /s V1 C1 V2 C2/ context, where V1 was either /ae/ or /i/, V2 was /ae/, and C2 was /p/, were analyzed from 4 subjects. The timing of oral opening and closing action was found to be a significant variable differentiating bilabial consonants. Additionally, opening and closing actions were found to covary along a number of dimensions implicating the movement cycle as the minimal unit of speech motor programming. The sequential adjustments of the lips and jaw varied systematically with phonetic context reflecting the different functional roles of these articulators in the production of consonants and vowels. The implication of these findings for speech production is discussed.
14
Darainy, Mohammad, Shahabeddin Vahdat, and David J. Ostry. "Neural Basis of Sensorimotor Plasticity in Speech Motor Adaptation." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 7 (July 6, 2018): 2876–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy153.
Анотація:
Abstract When we speak, we get correlated sensory feedback from speech sounds and from the muscles and soft tissues of the vocal tract. Here we dissociate the contributions of auditory and somatosensory feedback to identify brain networks that underlie the somatic contribution to speech motor learning. The technique uses a robotic device that selectively alters somatosensory inputs in combination with resting-state fMRI scans that reveal learning-related changes in functional connectivity. A partial correlation analysis is used to identify connectivity changes that are not explained by the time course of activity in any other learning-related areas. This analysis revealed changes related to behavioral improvements in movement and separately, to changes in auditory perception: Speech motor adaptation itself was associated with connectivity changes that were primarily in non-motor areas of brain, specifically, to a strengthening of connectivity between auditory and somatosensory cortex and between presupplementary motor area and the inferior parietal lobule. In contrast, connectively changes associated with alterations to auditory perception were restricted to speech motor areas, specifically, primary motor cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. Overall, our findings show that during adaptation, somatosensory inputs result in a broad range of changes in connectivity in areas associated with speech motor control and learning.
15
Wohlert, Amy B., and Anne Smith. "Spatiotemporal Stability of Lip Movements in Older Adult Speakers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 1 (February 1998): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4101.41.
Анотація:
Although the intelligibility of healthy older adults normally seems unimpaired, age-related changes occur in sensorimotor components of the speech system and in such global parameters as speech rate. In order to clarify the effect of these changes on the variability of speech movements, we examined oral peripheral abilities, speech rate, and speech kinematics in a group of 10 adults age 76–83, compared to a group of 10 young adults. Participants repeated a short phrase 15 times at habitual, fast, and slow rates. The resulting lip displacement signals were time- and amplitude-normalized, and successive standard deviations along the movement waveforms were summed to produce a spatiotemporal index (STI) representing individual variability in movement pattern. Participants tended to show greatest variability at slow rate, less variability at fast rate, and least variability at habitual rate. For the older adults, STI at habitual rate was significantly higher (more variable) and speech durations were longer than those of young adults. Perioral strength and tactile acuity were poorer in these older adults than in young adults. We conclude that as sensorimotor abilities change in old age, speakers are less consistent in the spatiotemporal organization of speech movements, reflecting decreased stability of speech motor control.
16
Borjigin, Agudemu, Sarah Bakst, Katla Anderson, Ruth Y. Litovsky, and Caroline A. Niziolek. "Discrimination and sensorimotor adaptation of self-produced vowels in cochlear implant users." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 1895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0025063.
Анотація:
Humans rely on auditory feedback to monitor and adjust their speech for clarity. Cochlear implants (CIs) have helped over a million people restore access to auditory feedback, which significantly improves speech production. However, there is substantial variability in outcomes. This study investigates the extent to which CI users can use their auditory feedback to detect self-produced sensory errors and make adjustments to their speech, given the coarse spectral resolution provided by their implants. First, we used an auditory discrimination task to assess the sensitivity of CI users to small differences in formant frequencies of their self-produced vowels. Then, CI users produced words with altered auditory feedback in order to assess sensorimotor adaptation to auditory error. Almost half of the CI users tested can detect small, within-channel differences in their self-produced vowels, and they can utilize this auditory feedback towards speech adaptation. An acoustic hearing control group showed better sensitivity to the shifts in vowels, even in CI-simulated speech, and elicited more robust speech adaptation behavior than the CI users. Nevertheless, this study confirms that CI users can compensate for sensory errors in their speech and supports the idea that sensitivity to these errors may relate to variability in production.
17
Daliri, Ayoub, Roman A. Prokopenko, J. Randall Flanagan, and Ludo Max. "Control and Prediction Components of Movement Planning in Stuttering Versus Nonstuttering Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 6 (December 2014): 2131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-13-0333.
Анотація:
Purpose Stuttering individuals show speech and nonspeech sensorimotor deficiencies. To perform accurate movements, the sensorimotor system needs to generate appropriate control signals and correctly predict their sensory consequences. Using a reaching task, we examined the integrity of these control and prediction components separately for movements unrelated to the speech motor system. Method Nine stuttering and 9 nonstuttering adults made fast reaching movements to visual targets while sliding an object under the index finger. To quantify control, we determined initial direction error and end point error. To quantify prediction, we calculated the correlation between vertical and horizontal forces applied to the object—an index of how well vertical force (preventing slip) anticipated direction-dependent variations in horizontal force (moving the object). Results Directional and end point error were significantly larger for the stuttering group. Both groups performed similarly in scaling vertical force with horizontal force. Conclusions The stuttering group's reduced reaching accuracy suggests limitations in generating control signals for voluntary movements, even for nonorofacial effectors. Typical scaling of vertical force with horizontal force suggests an intact ability to predict the consequences of planned control signals. Stuttering may be associated with generalized deficiencies in planning control signals rather than predicting the consequences of those signals.
18
Stipinovich, Alexandra, and Anita Van der Merwe. "Acquired Dysarthria within the Context of the Four-level Framework of Speech Sensorimotor Control." South African Journal of Communication Disorders 54, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v54i1.757.
Анотація:
The Four-Level Framework of speech sensorimotor control (Van der Merwe, 1997) complicates the traditional view of dysarthria as a purely motor execution disorder. According to this framework, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic and ataxic dysarthria are programming-execution dysarthrias, while flaccid dysarthria is the only execution dysarthria. This preliminary study aimed to differentiate programming-execution dysarthria from execution dysarthria by examining variability of the temporal control of speech. Six participants and five control participants repeated 15 stimulus words ten times. Voice onset time, vowel duration, vowel steady state duration and vowel formant transition duration were measured acoustically. The coefficient of variation of the temporal parameters, and the correlation coefficient between the durational parameters, were calculated and analysed using descriptive statistics. The coefficient of variation revealed that the speakers with dysarthria were more variable than the control speakers. All participants, except those with flaccid dysarthria, showed similar patterns of intra-subject variability. Those with flaccid dysarthria exhibited greater intra-subject variability of voice onset time. The correlation analysis did not reveal differences between dysarthria type, or between the dysarthric speakers and the controls. Differences found in the patterns of variability may support the hypothesis that individuals with programming-execution dysarthria resort to a different level of control than those with execution dysarthria. Further research in this field is necessary.
19
Franken, Matthias K., Daniel J. Acheson, James M. McQueen, Peter Hagoort, and Frank Eisner. "Opposing and following responses in sensorimotor speech control: Why responses go both ways." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 25, no. 4 (June 4, 2018): 1458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1494-x.
20
Murphy, Karagh, Logan S. James, Jon T. Sakata, and Jonathan F. Prather. "Advantages of comparative studies in songbirds to understand the neural basis of sensorimotor integration." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 800–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00623.2016.
Анотація:
Sensorimotor integration is the process through which the nervous system creates a link between motor commands and associated sensory feedback. This process allows for the acquisition and refinement of many behaviors, including learned communication behaviors such as speech and birdsong. Consequently, it is important to understand fundamental mechanisms of sensorimotor integration, and comparative analyses of this process can provide vital insight. Songbirds offer a powerful comparative model system to study how the nervous system links motor and sensory information for learning and control. This is because the acquisition, maintenance, and control of birdsong critically depend on sensory feedback. Furthermore, there is an incredible diversity of song organizations across songbird species, ranging from songs with simple, stereotyped sequences to songs with complex sequencing of vocal gestures, as well as a wide diversity of song repertoire sizes. Despite this diversity, the neural circuitry for song learning, control, and maintenance remains highly similar across species. Here, we highlight the utility of songbirds for the analysis of sensorimotor integration and the insights about mechanisms of sensorimotor integration gained by comparing different songbird species. Key conclusions from this comparative analysis are that variation in song sequence complexity seems to covary with the strength of feedback signals in sensorimotor circuits and that sensorimotor circuits contain distinct representations of elements in the vocal repertoire, possibly enabling evolutionary variation in repertoire sizes. We conclude our review by highlighting important areas of research that could benefit from increased comparative focus, with particular emphasis on the integration of new technologies.
21
Lazzari, Giorgio, Robert van de Vorst, Floris T. van Vugt, and Carlotta Lega. "Subtle Patterns of Altered Responsiveness to Delayed Auditory Feedback during Finger Tapping in People Who Stutter." Brain Sciences 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2024): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14050472.
Анотація:
Differences in sensorimotor integration mechanisms have been observed between people who stutter (PWS) and controls who do not. Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) introduces timing discrepancies between perception and action, disrupting sequence production in verbal and non-verbal domains. While DAF consistently enhances speech fluency in PWS, its impact on non-verbal sensorimotor synchronization abilities remains unexplored. A total of 11 PWS and 13 matched controls completed five tasks: (1) unpaced tapping; (2) synchronization-continuation task (SCT) without auditory feedback; (3) SCT with DAF, with instruction either to align the sound in time with the metronome; or (4) to ignore the sound and align their physical tap to the metronome. Additionally, we measured participants’ sensitivity to detecting delayed feedback using a (5) delay discrimination task. Results showed that DAF significantly affected performance in controls as a function of delay duration, despite being irrelevant to the task. Conversely, PWS performance remained stable across delays. When auditory feedback was absent, no differences were found between PWS and controls. Moreover, PWS were less able to detect delays in speech and tapping tasks. These findings show subtle differences in non-verbal sensorimotor performance between PWS and controls, specifically when action–perception loops are disrupted by delays, contributing to models of sensorimotor integration in stuttering.
22
Reilly, Kevin J., and Christopher A. Moore. "Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia During Speech Production." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 1 (February 2003): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/013).
Анотація:
The amplitude of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was investigated during a reading aloud task to determine whether alterations in respiratory control during speech production affect the amplitude of RSA. Changes in RSA amplitude associated with speech were evaluated by comparing RSA amplitudes during reading aloud with those obtained during rest breathing. A third condition, silent reading, was included to control for potentially confounding effects of cardiovascular responses to cognitive processes involved in the process of reading. Calibrated respiratory kinematics, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and speech audio signals were recorded from 18 adults (9 men, 9 women) during 5-min trials of each condition. The results indicated that the increases in respiratory duration, lung volume, and inspiratory velocity associated with reading aloud were accompanied by similar increases in the amplitude of RSA. This finding provides support for the premise that sensorimotor pathways mediating metabolic respiration are actively modulated during speech production.
23
Lunichkin, A. M., та K. S. Shtin. "Тhe role of auditory feedback in voice control with normal and impaired hearing". Сенсорные системы 37, № 4 (1 жовтня 2023): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0235009223040042.
Анотація:
Control of speech fulfilled by cooperation between feedforward control and feedback control. Feedforward control activates program of articulation, whereas feedback control carries acoustic and sensorimotor information about pronounced utterance. Their complementary speech control function described by the DIVA model, which based on adjustment of auditory and proprioceptive signals relatively to program of articulation in nerve centers. The inconsistency between the sensory information received via feedback and the presentation of the acoustic signal in the auditory nucleus causes corrective commands. Auditory feedback is necessary for the correct development of children’s articulatory skills, i.e. forming feedforward control. For this reason, prelingually deafened adults have significant articulation impairments due to immature articulatory skills. In postlingual deafness, the previously forming feedforward control allows pronounce phonemes successfully. However, in people with sensorineural hearing loss, control of phonation and articulation through the auditory feedback deteriorates, which expressed by an increase of voice intensity, changes in the speech spectral characteristics and instability in frequency and amplitude. Similar speech changes are found in speakers with normal hearing in the presence of noise that masks the speaker’s voice (Lombard effect). In noise, voice intensity increase, spectral characteristics of speech shift to the high-frequency region, and increase the amplitude and speed of articulatory movements (hyperarticulation). This speech reorganization is an adaptation of the speaker’s own voice to background noise, which purpose is to unmask the speech and restore auditory feedback control.
24
Yuan, Ye, Judy Major-Girardin, and Steven Brown. "Storytelling Is Intrinsically Mentalistic: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Narrative Production across Modalities." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 9 (September 2018): 1298–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01294.
Анотація:
People utilize multiple expressive modalities for communicating narrative ideas about past events. The three major ones are speech, pantomime, and drawing. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify common brain areas that mediate narrative communication across these three sensorimotor mechanisms. In the scanner, participants were presented with short narrative prompts akin to newspaper headlines (e.g., “Surgeon finds scissors inside of patient”). The task was to generate a representation of the event, either by describing it verbally through speech, by pantomiming it gesturally, or by drawing it on a tablet. In a control condition designed to remove sensorimotor activations, participants described the spatial properties of individual objects (e.g., “binoculars”). Each of the three modality-specific subtractions produced similar results, with activations in key components of the mentalizing network, including the TPJ, posterior STS, and posterior cingulate cortex. Conjunction analysis revealed that these areas constitute a cross-modal “narrative hub” that transcends the three modalities of communication. The involvement of these areas in narrative production suggests that people adopt an intrinsically mentalistic and character-oriented perspective when engaging in storytelling, whether using speech, pantomime, or drawing.
25
Kalveram, K. "A neuronal-network model enabling sensorimotor learning: Implications for speech motor control and stuttering." Journal of Fluency Disorders 19, no. 3 (September 1994): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(94)90124-4.
26
Feng, Yongqiang, Vincent L. Gracco, and Ludo Max. "Integration of auditory and somatosensory error signals in the neural control of speech movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 2 (August 2011): 667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00638.2010.
Анотація:
We investigated auditory and somatosensory feedback contributions to the neural control of speech. In task I, sensorimotor adaptation was studied by perturbing one of these sensory modalities or both modalities simultaneously. The first formant (F1) frequency in the auditory feedback was shifted up by a real-time processor and/or the extent of jaw opening was increased or decreased with a force field applied by a robotic device. All eight subjects lowered F1 to compensate for the up-shifted F1 in the feedback signal regardless of whether or not the jaw was perturbed. Adaptive changes in subjects' acoustic output resulted from adjustments in articulatory movements of the jaw or tongue. Adaptation in jaw opening extent in response to the mechanical perturbation occurred only when no auditory feedback perturbation was applied or when the direction of adaptation to the force was compatible with the direction of adaptation to a simultaneous acoustic perturbation. In tasks II and III, subjects' auditory and somatosensory precision and accuracy were estimated. Correlation analyses showed that the relationships 1) between F1 adaptation extent and auditory acuity for F1 and 2) between jaw position adaptation extent and somatosensory acuity for jaw position were weak and statistically not significant. Taken together, the combined findings from this work suggest that, in speech production, sensorimotor adaptation updates the underlying control mechanisms in such a way that the planning of vowel-related articulatory movements takes into account a complex integration of error signals from previous trials but likely with a dominant role for the auditory modality.
27
Van der Merwe, Anita, and Herman Tesner. "Apraxia of Speech in a Bilingual Speaker: Perceptual Characteristics and Generalisation of non-language Specific Treatment." South African Journal of Communication Disorders 47, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v47i2.981.
Анотація:
Speech production in a second (or third) language in the case of late bilingualism (or multilingualism) is probably motorically more complex than in the first language and greater demands are placed on the speech sensorimotor control system. In the case of defective speech motor planning due to brain damage, this will be particularly true, but to date no studies have been done on bilingual apraxia of speech. In this study the perceptual speech characteristics of a first-language Afrikaans-speaking apraxic person were studied in both Afrikaans and English and also generalisation of improvement after the application of non-language specific treatment aimed at improving speech motor planning abilities. The results indicated that similar perceptual characteristics occurred in both languages, but the problem in the second language was more severe. Improvement occurred in both languages indicating generalisation to the second language. The theoretical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.
28
Luo, Jinhong, Ninad B. Kothari, and Cynthia F. Moss. "Sensorimotor integration on a rapid time scale." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 25 (June 5, 2017): 6605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702671114.
Анотація:
Sensing is fundamental to the control of movement: From grasping objects to speech production, sensing guides action. So far, most of our knowledge about sensorimotor integration comes from visually guided reaching and oculomotor integration, in which the time course and trajectories of movements can be measured at a high temporal resolution. By contrast, production of vocalizations by humans and animals involves complex and variable actions, and each syllable often lasts a few hundreds of milliseconds, making it difficult to infer underlying neural processes. Here, we measured and modeled the transfer of sensory information into motor commands for vocal amplitude control in response to background noise, also known as the Lombard effect. We exploited the brief vocalizations of echolocating bats to trace the time course of the Lombard effect on a millisecond time scale. Empirical studies revealed that the Lombard effect features a response latency of a mere 30 ms and provided the foundation for the quantitative audiomotor model of the Lombard effect. We show that the Lombard effect operates by continuously integrating the sound pressure level of background noise through temporal summation to guide the extremely rapid vocal-motor adjustments. These findings can now be extended to models and measures of audiomotor integration in other animals, including humans.
29
Breshears, Jonathan D., Annette M. Molinaro, and Edward F. Chang. "A probabilistic map of the human ventral sensorimotor cortex using electrical stimulation." Journal of Neurosurgery 123, no. 2 (August 2015): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.jns14889.
Анотація:
OBJECT The human ventral sensorimotor cortex (vSMC) is involved in facial expression, mastication, and swallowing, as well as the dynamic and highly coordinated movements of human speech production. However, vSMC organization remains poorly understood, and previously published population-driven maps of its somatotopy do not accurately reflect the variability across individuals in a quantitative, probabilistic fashion. The goal of this study was to describe the responses to electrical stimulation of the vSMC, generate probabilistic maps of function in the vSMC, and quantify the variability across individuals. METHODS Photographic, video, and stereotactic MRI data of intraoperative electrical stimulation of the vSMC were collected for 33 patients undergoing awake craniotomy. Stimulation sites were converted to a 2D coordinate system based on anatomical landmarks. Motor, sensory, and speech stimulation responses were reviewed and classified. Probabilistic maps of stimulation responses were generated, and spatial variance was quantified. RESULTS In 33 patients, the authors identified 194 motor, 212 sensory, 61 speech-arrest, and 27 mixed responses. Responses were complex, stereotyped, and mostly nonphysiological movements, involving hand, orofacial, and laryngeal musculature. Within individuals, the presence of oral movement representations varied; however, the dorsal-ventral order was always preserved. The most robust motor responses were jaw (probability 0.85), tongue (0.64), lips (0.58), and throat (0.52). Vocalizations were seen in 6 patients (0.18), more dorsally near lip and dorsal throat areas. Sensory responses were spatially dispersed; however, patients' subjective reports were highly precise in localization within the mouth. The most robust responses included tongue (0.82) and lips (0.42). The probability of speech arrest was 0.85, highest 15–20 mm anterior to the central sulcus and just dorsal to the sylvian fissure, in the anterior precentral gyrus or pars opercularis. CONCLUSIONS The authors report probabilistic maps of function in the human vSMC based on intraoperative cortical electrical stimulation. These results define the expected range of mapping outcomes in the vSMC of a single individual and shed light on the functional organization of the vSMC supporting speech motor control and nonspeech functions.
30
Scheerer, Nichole E., Anupreet K. Tumber, and Jeffery A. Jones. "Attentional demands modulate sensorimotor learning induced by persistent exposure to changes in auditory feedback." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00799.2015.
Анотація:
Hearing one's own voice is important for regulating ongoing speech and for mapping speech sounds onto articulator movements. However, it is currently unknown whether attention mediates changes in the relationship between motor commands and their acoustic output, which are necessary as growth and aging inevitably cause changes to the vocal tract. In this study, participants produced vocalizations while they heard their vocal pitch persistently shifted downward one semitone in both single- and dual-task conditions. During the single-task condition, participants vocalized while passively viewing a visual stream. During the dual-task condition, participants vocalized while also monitoring a visual stream for target letters, forcing participants to divide their attention. Participants' vocal pitch was measured across each vocalization, to index the extent to which their ongoing vocalization was modified as a result of the deviant auditory feedback. Smaller compensatory responses were recorded during the dual-task condition, suggesting that divided attention interfered with the use of auditory feedback for the regulation of ongoing vocalizations. Participants' vocal pitch was also measured at the beginning of each vocalization, before auditory feedback was available, to assess the extent to which the deviant auditory feedback was used to modify subsequent speech motor commands. Smaller changes in vocal pitch at vocalization onset were recorded during the dual-task condition, suggesting that divided attention diminished sensorimotor learning. Together, the results of this study suggest that attention is required for the speech motor control system to make optimal use of auditory feedback for the regulation and planning of speech motor commands.
31
Parrell, Benjamin, and John Houde. "Modeling the Role of Sensory Feedback in Speech Motor Control and Learning." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 8S (August 29, 2019): 2963–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-csmc7-18-0127.
Анотація:
Purpose While the speech motor system is sensitive to feedback perturbations, sensory feedback does not seem to be critical to speech motor production. How the speech motor system is able to be so flexible in its use of sensory feedback remains an open question. Method We draw on evidence from a variety of disciplines to summarize current understanding of the sensory systems' role in speech motor control, including both online control and motor learning. We focus particularly on computational models of speech motor control that incorporate sensory feedback, as these models provide clear encapsulations of different theories of sensory systems' function in speech production. These computational models include the well-established directions into velocities of articulators model and computational models that we have been developing in our labs based on the domain-general theory of state feedback control (feedback aware control of tasks in speech model). Results After establishing the architecture of the models, we show that both the directions into velocities of articulators and state feedback control/feedback aware control of tasks models can replicate key behaviors related to sensory feedback in the speech motor system. Although the models agree on many points, the underlying architecture of the 2 models differs in a few key ways, leading to different predictions in certain areas. We cover key disagreements between the models to show the limits of our current understanding and point toward areas where future experimental studies can resolve these questions. Conclusions Understanding the role of sensory information in the speech motor system is critical to understanding speech motor production and sensorimotor learning in healthy speakers as well as in disordered populations. Computational models, with their concrete implementations and testable predictions, are an important tool to understand this process. Comparison of different models can highlight areas of agreement and disagreement in the field and point toward future experiments to resolve important outstanding questions about the speech motor control system.
32
Bourguignon, Nicolas J., Shari R. Baum, and Douglas M. Shiller. "Please say what this word is—Vowel-extrinsic normalization in the sensorimotor control of speech." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 42, no. 7 (July 2016): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000209.
33
Bradshaw, Abigail R., Daniel R. Lametti, and Carolyn McGettigan. "The Role of Sensory Feedback in Developmental Stuttering: A Review." Neurobiology of Language 2, no. 2 (2021): 308–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00036.
Анотація:
Abstract Developmental stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder that severely affects speech fluency. Multiple lines of evidence point to a role of sensory feedback in the disorder; this has led to a number of theories proposing different disruptions to the use of sensory feedback during speech motor control in people who stutter. The purpose of this review was to bring together evidence from studies using altered auditory feedback paradigms with people who stutter, in order to evaluate the predictions of these different theories. This review highlights converging evidence for particular patterns of differences in the responses of people who stutter to feedback perturbations. The implications for hypotheses on the nature of the disruption to sensorimotor control of speech in the disorder are discussed, with reference to neurocomputational models of speech control (predominantly, the DIVA model; Guenther et al., 2006; Tourville et al., 2008). While some consistent patterns are emerging from this evidence, it is clear that more work in this area is needed with developmental samples in particular, in order to tease apart differences related to symptom onset from those related to compensatory strategies that develop with experience of stuttering.
34
Melle, Natalia, and Carlos Gallego. "Differential Diagnosis between Apraxia and Dysarthria Based on Acoustic Analysis." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 2 (July 2012): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38860.
Анотація:
Acoustic analysis provides objective quantitative measures of speech that enable a comprehensive and accurate understanding of motor disorders and complement the traditional measures. This paper aims to distinguish between normal and pathological speech, more specifically between apraxia of speech and spastic dysarthria in native Spanish speaking patients using acoustic parameters. Participants (4 aphasic with apraxia of speech, 4 with spastic dysarthria, and 15 without speech disorders) performed three different tasks: repeating the syllable sequence [pa-ta-ka], repeating the isolated syllable [pa] and repeating the vowel sequence [i-u]. The results showed that the normative values of motor control, in general, coincide with those obtained in previous research on native English speakers. They also show that damage to motor control processes results in a decrease in the rate of alternating and sequential movements and an increase in the inter-syllabic time for both types of movements. A subset of the acoustic parameters analyzed, those that measure motor planning processes, enable differentiation between normal population and apraxic and dysarthric patients, and between the latter. The differences between the pathological groups support the distinction between motor planning and motor programming as described by van der Merwe's model of sensorimotor processing (1997).
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Senthinathan, Anita, Scott Adams, Allyson D. Page, and Mandar Jog. "Speech Intensity Response to Altered Intensity Feedback in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 6S (June 18, 2021): 2261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00278.
Анотація:
Purpose Hypophonia (low speech intensity) is the most common speech symptom experienced by individuals with Parkinson's disease (IWPD). Previous research suggests that, in IWPD, there may be abnormal integration of sensory information for motor production of speech intensity. In the current study, intensity of auditory feedback was systematically manipulated (altered in both positive and negative directions) during sensorimotor conditions that are known to modulate speech intensity in everyday contexts in order to better understand the role of auditory feedback for speech intensity regulation. Method Twenty-six IWPD and 24 neurologically healthy controls were asked to complete the following tasks: converse with the experimenter, start vowel production, and read sentences at a comfortable loudness, while hearing their own speech intensity randomly altered. Altered intensity feedback conditions included 5-, 10-, and 15-dB reductions and increases in the feedback intensity. Speech tasks were completed in no noise and in background noise. Results IWPD displayed a reduced response to the altered intensity feedback compared to control participants. This reduced response was most apparent when participants were speaking in background noise. Specific task-based differences in responses were observed such that the reduced response by IWPD was most pronounced during the conversation task. Conclusions The current study suggests that IWPD have abnormal processing of auditory information for speech intensity regulation, and this disruption particularly impacts their ability to regulate speech intensity in the context of speech tasks with clear communicative goals (i.e., conversational speech) and speaking in background noise.
36
Daliri, Ayoub, Roman A. Prokopenko, and Ludo Max. "Afferent and Efferent Aspects of Mandibular Sensorimotor Control in Adults Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 56, no. 6 (December 2013): 1774–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0134).
Анотація:
Purpose Individuals who stutter show sensorimotor deficiencies in speech and nonspeech movements. For the mandibular system, the authors dissociated the sense of kinesthesia from the efferent control component to examine whether kinesthetic integrity itself is compromised in stuttering or whether deficiencies occur only when generating motor commands. Method The authors investigated 11 stuttering and 11 nonstuttering adults' kinesthetic sensitivity threshold and kinesthetic accuracy for passive jaw movements as well as their minimal displacement threshold and positioning accuracy for active jaw movements. They also investigated the correlation with an anatomical index of jaw size. Results The groups showed no statistically significant differences on sensory measures for passive jaw movements. Although some stuttering individuals performed more poorly than any nonstuttering participants on the active movement tasks, between-group differences for active movements were not statistically significant. Unlike fluent speakers, however, the stuttering group showed a statistically significant correlation between mandibular size and performance in the active and passive near-threshold tasks. Conclusions Previously reported minimal-movement differences were not replicated. Instead, stuttering individuals' performance varied with anatomical properties. These correlational results are consistent with the hypothesis that stuttering participants generate and perceive movements on the basis of less accurate internal models of the involved neuromechanical systems.
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McNeil, Malcolm R., Gary Weismer, Scott Adams, and Moira Mulligan. "Oral Structure Nonspeech Motor Control in Normal, Dysarthric, Aphasic and Apraxic Speakers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 2 (June 1990): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3302.255.
Анотація:
This study investigated the isometric force and static position control of the upper lip, lower lip, tongue, jaw, and finger in four subject groups (normal control, apraxia of speech, conduction aphasia, and ataxic dysarthria) at two force and displacement levels. Results from both the force and position tasks suggested that the apraxic and dysarthric groups tended to produce significantly greater instability than the normal group, although the pattern of instability across articulators was not systematic within or across the force and position experiments for subjects within or between groups. The conduction aphasic group produced force and position stability that typically was not significantly different from any of the remaining three groups, suggesting that their force and position stability as indexed in the present study fell somewhere between that of the normal group and the apraxic and dysarthric groups. It is suggested that other analyses of force and position control, such as descriptive accounts of the trial-by-trial time histories, might shed additional light on the speech and orofacial sensorimotor control deficits in persons with apraxia, dysarthria, and conduction aphasia.
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Gracco, V. L., and J. H. Abbs. "Dynamic control of the perioral system during speech: kinematic analyses of autogenic and nonautogenic sensorimotor processes." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 418–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.418.
Анотація:
Afferent contributions to the motor control of speech were evaluated by applying unanticipated loads to the lower lip during the combined upper lip-lower lip gesture associated with the oral closing movements for a "b" sound. Loads were introduced randomly in approximately 15% of the trials to minimize subject anticipation or adaptation. A total of 490 load trials (in five naive subjects) were distributed within a restricted interval (100 ms) centered on the initiation of agonist muscle contraction associated with the lip-closing movements. Kinematic adjustments of the upper and lower lips to these perturbations were examined in detail. In all subjects, load-induced changes in upper and lower lip displacement, movement time, and closing velocity were statistically significant and observed the first time a perturbation was introduced. Load timing variations within the target interval resulted in systematic changes in the site of the compensatory adjustments (upper versus lower lip) and in the magnitude of the kinematic responses. These kinematic changes appeared to reflect the dynamic nature of underlying control processes and clearly contrasted the different response characteristics of autogenic (lower lip) and nonautogenic (upper lip) compensatory actions. Although both upper and lower lip adjustments contributed to perturbation compensations, autogenic responses were found to predominate when loads occurred 20-55 ms before muscle activation. For these early loads, autogenic responses provided approximately 75% of the total compensation. For later loads, when the evolving speech motor action was more time constrained, nonautogenic (open-loop) compensations predominated, providing approximately 65% of the total compensation. The variations in upper and lower lip compensatory response magnitude did not parallel the time course of facial muscle activation. Lower lip kinematic adjustments were reduced 10-15 ms prior to the onset of agonist muscle activation, whereas upper lip adjustments increased in magnitude 10-20 ms after agonist onset. Apparently the dynamic modulation of these responses is controlled independently from facial motoneuron excitation, possibly involving sensorimotor processing via supranuclear centers. Overall the compensatory movement displacements were highly related to the magnitude of the perturbation displacement, especially for loads introduced prior to agonist muscle onset, reflecting a well-calibrated readjustment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Bouchard, K. E., and E. F. Chang. "Control of Spoken Vowel Acoustics and the Influence of Phonetic Context in Human Speech Sensorimotor Cortex." Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 38 (September 17, 2014): 12662–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1219-14.2014.
40
Andreatta, Richard D., Steven M. Barlow, Amitava Biswas, and Donald S. Finan. "Mechanosensory Modulation of Perioral Neuronal Groups During Active Force Dynamics." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 39, no. 5 (October 1996): 1006–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3905.1006.
Анотація:
The spatiotemporal organization of the mechanically evoked perioral sensorimotor response was sampled from five normal females using a custom-designed linear motor operating under force feedback. Electromyographic activity was sampled from the superior and inferior segments of the orbicularis oris muscle during the production of a visually guided ramp-and-hold lip-rounding task. Brief mechanical inputs of approximately 0.45 N delivered to the left upper lip during the ramp-and-hold task produced a composite myogenic response characterized by phases of excitation and suppression. Modulation of the primary excitatory component (R1) of the mechanically evoked perioral response was found to be highly dependent upon the rate of force recruitment (1 N/s vs. 4 N/s) and the phase of force recruitment (20% vs. 50% vs. 80% of 1 N end-point force). Modulation of later occurring inhibitory (S1) and excitatory (R2) potentials were also found to be dependent upon differences in the rate and phase of force recruitment. The organization of the perioral sensorimotor response is considered in relation to speech motor control and the dynamic organization of neuronal groups subserving perioral sensorimotor activity.
41
Brendel, Bettina, Michael Erb, Axel Riecker, Wolfgang Grodd, Hermann Ackermann, and Wolfram Ziegler. "Do We Have a “Mental Syllabary” in the Brain? An fMRI Study." Motor Control 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.15.1.34.
Анотація:
The present study combines functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reaction time (RT) measurements to further elucidate the influence of syllable frequency and complexity on speech motor control processes, i.e., overt reading of pseudowords. Tying in with a recent fMRI-study of our group we focused on the concept of a mental syllabary housing syllable sized ready-made motor plans for high- (HF), but not low-frequency (LF) syllables. The RT-analysis disclosed a frequency effect weakened by a simultaneous complexity effect for HF-syllables. In contrast, the fMRI data revealed no effect of syllable frequency, but point to an impact of syllable structure: Compared with CV-items, syllables with a complex onset (CCV) yielded higher hemodynamic activation in motor “execution” areas (left sensorimotor cortex, right inferior cerebellum), which is at least partially compatible with our previous study. We discuss the role of the syllable in speech motor control.
42
Ménard, Lucie, Jean-Luc Schwartz, and Louis-Jean Boë. "Role of Vocal Tract Morphology in Speech Development." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47, no. 5 (October 2004): 1059–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/079).
Анотація:
The development of speech from infancy to adulthood results from the interaction of neurocognitive factors, by which phonological representations and motor control abilities are gradually acquired, and physical factors, involving the complex changes in the morphology of the articulatory system. In this article, an articulatory-to-acoustic model, integrating nonuniform vocal tract growth, is used to describe the effect of morphology in the acoustic and perceptual domains. While simulating mature control abilities of the articulators (freezing neurocognitive factors), the size and shape of the vocal apparatus are varied, to represent typical values of speakers from birth to adulthood. The results show that anatomy does not prevent even the youngest speaker from producing vowels perceived as the 10 French oral vowels /i y u e ø o ε œ a/. However, the specific configuration of the vocal tract for the newborn seems to favor the production of those vowels perceived as low and front. An examination of the acoustic effects of articulatory variation for different growth stages led to the proposed variable sensorimotor maps for newbornlike, childlike, and adultlike vocal tracts. These maps could be used by transcribers of infant speech, to complete existing systems and to provide some hints about underlying articulatory gestures recruited during growth to reach perceptual vowel targets in French.
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Theofanopoulou, Constantina, Cedric Boeckx, and Erich D. Jarvis. "A hypothesis on a role of oxytocin in the social mechanisms of speech and vocal learning." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1861 (August 23, 2017): 20170988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0988.
Анотація:
Language acquisition in humans and song learning in songbirds naturally happen as a social learning experience, providing an excellent opportunity to reveal social motivation and reward mechanisms that boost sensorimotor learning. Our knowledge about the molecules and circuits that control these social mechanisms for vocal learning and language is limited. Here we propose a hypothesis of a role for oxytocin (OT) in the social motivation and evolution of vocal learning and language. Building upon existing evidence, we suggest specific neural pathways and mechanisms through which OT might modulate vocal learning circuits in specific developmental stages.
44
van Vugt, Floris T., and David J. Ostry. "The Structure and Acquisition of Sensorimotor Maps." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 3 (March 2018): 290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01204.
Анотація:
One of the puzzles of learning to talk or play a musical instrument is how we learn which movement produces a particular sound: an audiomotor map. Existing research has used mappings that are already well learned such as controlling a cursor using a computer mouse. By contrast, the acquisition of novel sensorimotor maps was studied by having participants learn arm movements to auditory targets. These sounds did not come from different directions but, like speech, were only distinguished by their frequencies. It is shown that learning involves forming not one but two maps: a point map connecting sensory targets with motor commands and an error map linking sensory errors to motor corrections. Learning a point map is possible even when targets never repeat. Thus, although participants make errors, there is no opportunity to correct them because the target is different on every trial, and therefore learning cannot be driven by error correction. Furthermore, when the opportunity for error correction is provided, it is seen that acquiring error correction is itself a learning process that changes over time and results in an error map. In principle, the error map could be derived from the point map, but instead, these two maps are independently acquired and jointly enable sensorimotor control and learning. A computational model shows that this dual encoding is optimal and simulations based on this architecture predict that learning the two maps results in performance improvements comparable with those observed empirically.
45
Konstantyniv, Oksana, and Оksana Тkach. "Neuropsychological approaches to eliminating manifestations of dysgraphia in younger schoolchildren with general underdevelopment of speech." Actual problems of the correctional education (pedagogical sciences) 20 (December 30, 2022): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2413-2578.2022-20.126-137.
Анотація:
The article deals with the problem of a neuropsychological approach to studying the causes of written speech disorders. It was determined that the formation of writing skills is a complex long-term process that directly relies on a fairly high level of development of basic mental functions, motor, sensory and emotional readiness of students of lower grades to perceive and recode speech material. The classification of dysgraphia is considered taking into account the neuropsychological approach. A brief description of the symptoms is offered and the causes of their manifestations in children with various forms of dysgraphia are determined. The article offers a comprehensive neuropsychological correctional program for the formation of the child's readiness to learn the relevant skill. The program includes three stages of its implementation and provides stabilization and activation of the body's energy potential. Increasing the plasticity of sensorimotor support of mental processes. Optimization of the functional status of the deep formations of the brain and the basis for the formation of subcortical-cortical and interhemispheric interactions. Formation of operational support for verbal and non-verbal mental processes at the sensorimotor and mnestic levels. At the current stage of the development of domestic speech therapy, there are a number of problems related to overcoming dysgraphia in younger schoolchildren. For the most part, corrective work is aimed at overcoming specific errors, improving self-control, and expanding the child's knowledge of the basic rules of writing. At the same time, the reasons for the occurrence of this disorder and the level of development of the basic mental processes involved in the formation of writing skills remain outside the attention of speech therapists. The proposed program does not cover all aspects of dysgraphia correction using a neuropsychological approach, but only reveals general approaches to the organization of this type of training.
46
Tolkacheva, Anastasiya, and Ksenia Belogai. "Sensorimotor and Perceptual Processes in Children of Primary School Age with Multiple Developmental Disorders." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2022, no. 3 (October 12, 2022): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2022-6-3-163-171.
Анотація:
The article focuses on sensorimotor and perceptual processes in primary school children with multiple developmental disorders. The study involved 40 children aged 9–11 with multiple developmental issues. All the participants studied at the Secondary School of Psychological and Pedagogical Support No. 101 (Kemerovo, Russia). The experiment relied on the method developed by N. I. Ozeretskiy and M. O. Gurevich as the main diagnostic tool. The method combines a set of diagnostic tasks aimed at measuring the level of motor and perceptual development in children. The experimental study also included elements of the neuropsychological approach. The authors designed and conducted a series of practice sessions on the development of sensorimotor and perceptual processes. The neuropsychological exercises developed purposeful voluntary actions with objects and materials, improved available sensory experience, increased visual-motor coordination, sharpened the ability to navigate in various physical environments, and improved body control. They facilitated the compensation of residual reflexes, as well as the development of speech and general motor rhythmization. The exercises involved orthopedic mats, massage balls, tasks on visual-motor perception and integration, Balametrics cerebellar stimulation, etc. Statistic results showed a positive trend in the sensorimotor and perceptual processes, except for complex forms of space and time perception.
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Belyk, Michel, Benjamin G. Schultz, Joao Correia, Deryk S. Beal, and Sonja A. Kotz. "Whistling shares a common tongue with speech: bioacoustics from real-time MRI of the human vocal tract." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1911 (September 25, 2019): 20191116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1116.
Анотація:
Most human communication is carried by modulations of the voice. However, a wide range of cultures has developed alternative forms of communication that make use of a whistled sound source. For example, whistling is used as a highly salient signal for capturing attention, and can have iconic cultural meanings such as the catcall, enact a formal code as in boatswain's calls or stand as a proxy for speech in whistled languages. We used real-time magnetic resonance imaging to examine the muscular control of whistling to describe a strong association between the shape of the tongue and the whistled frequency. This bioacoustic profile parallels the use of the tongue in vowel production. This is consistent with the role of whistled languages as proxies for spoken languages, in which one of the acoustical features of speech sounds is substituted with a frequency-modulated whistle. Furthermore, previous evidence that non-human apes may be capable of learning to whistle from humans suggests that these animals may have similar sensorimotor abilities to those that are used to support speech in humans.
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Ning, Li-Hsin, Torrey M. Loucks, and Chilin Shih. "The effects of language learning and vocal training on sensorimotor control of lexical tone." Journal of Phonetics 51 (July 2015): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2014.12.003.
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Barlow, Steven M., and Paul T. Bradford. "Comparison of Perioral Reflex Modulation in the Upper and Lower Lip." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 39, no. 1 (February 1996): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3901.55.
Анотація:
The spatiotemporal organization and specificity of the mechanically evoked, short latency penoral response (R1) was sampled from a group of normal adult humans. Perioral reflex activity was sampled during passive and active static force conditions in the presence of servo-controlled mechanical inputs to lip vermilion. Results confirmed that the sensorimotor apparatus of the lower face is very responsive to low level mechanical inputs and highly dependent on several factors including input site (upper vs. lower lip), amount of glabrous tissue stimulated (contactor array size), and task dynamics (passive vs. active subject-generated lip force). Arguments are presented to support the idea that several features of the peripheral sensory environment encoded by primary trigeminal afferents, including afferent gain, specificity, locus, and spatial summation, collectively provide inputs vital to higher order sensory relays in the development of a central representation and dynamic conformational map of perioral space. These sensorimotor features encoded by trigeminal afferents are presumed important for motor learning and maintenance of oromotor control during speech, suck, mastication and swallow, and gesture.
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Barlow, Steven M. "The Communication Neuroscience Laboratories at the University of Kansas: An Overview." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 19, no. 1 (July 2009): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod19.1.18.
Анотація:
Abstract The Communication Neuroscience Laboratories (CNL) celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2009 with a brief overview of past and current research projects concerned with the sensorimotor development and control of orofacial and laryngeal systems subserving speech, vocalization, suck, oromotor, and aeroingestive behaviors in health and disease across the human life span. A key ingredient in the multidimensional study lines described in this review is the assembly and nurturing of a strong multidisciplinary research team involving students and research faculty from communication sciences, biology, neuroscience, bioengineering, computer science, neurology, radiology and medical physics, neonatology, nursing, pediatrics, and physical therapy. The transfer of technology from bench to bedside (or even cribside) is another important function. An example of an innovation from the CNL is highlighted by a new therapeutic sensorimotor entrainment intervention (NTrainer) that helps premature infants with feeding disorders develop ororhythmic (suck) skills. When possible, project lines are directed toward patient-oriented research and innovative interventions aimed at driving mechanisms of brain plasticity to improve communication/ oromotor function, neurodevelopmental outcomes, or both.