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Статті в журналах з теми "Sensor magnetostrictive"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Sun, Ruoqi, Liang Zhang, Heming Wei, Yunzhe Gu, Fufei Pang, Huanhuan Liu, and Tingyun Wang. "Quasi-Distributed Magnetic Field Fiber Sensors Integrated with Magnetostrictive Rod in OFDR System." Electronics 11, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071013.

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Анотація:

We have proposed and designed a fiber-optic magnetic field sensors based on magnetostriction, of which the magnetostrictive induced strain of magnetostrictive rod attached to an optical fiber can be measured by optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR). By analyzing the stress transfer process at the interface between the magnetostrictive rod and the sensing optical fiber, we find that the sensor sensitivity is mainly related to the magnetostrictive material and bond width. The experimental results show the sensor performance under different magnetostrictive rods and radiuses. The sensitivity of the Fe-Ga-based sensor is up to 5.05 με/mT, while the sensitivity of the Tb-Dy-Fe-based sensor is up to 3.42 με/mT. The proposed sensor can easily construct a sensor network for quasi-distributed fiber-optic magnetic field sensing, which can be used to monitor magnetic fields at more than one point.

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2

Zhou, Xin Zhi, Chao Yu, Yin Qi Xiong, and Qian Ning. "Research on Fe_(100-x)Ga_x Alloy Applied to Magnetostrictive Displacement Sensors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 2154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.2154.

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Анотація:

The saturation magnetostriction (λs) for Fe-Ni alloy can only reach 30ppm, leading the magnetostrictive displacement sensor based on the alloy not to be used in the large displacement measurement. Therefore, applying Fe(100-x)Gax alloy, of which maximum λs can reach 400 ppm to giant magnetostrictive displacement sensor is presented. The crystal magnetostrictive model is shown at first; and then the magnetostriction in [100] and [111] directions have the decided advantage over Fe-Ni alloy and Ni alloy is given; besides, the characteristics of high permeability, low coercivity and low hysteresis loss for Fe(100-x)Gax are shown; moreover, the signal of the magnetostrictive displacement sensors made from Fe(100-x)Gax is analyzed. Finally, it is proved that Fe(100-x)Gax (17≤x≤19) is practicable for extending measure range of MDS.

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3

Hathaway, Kristl B., and Arthur E. Clark. "Magnetostrictive Materials." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 4 (April 1993): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400037337.

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Анотація:

Smart materials combine sensors, intelligence, and actuators to allow a material to respond to its environment. Magnetostrictive materials can be used as both the sensors and actuators in such materials. High-power magnetostrictive actuators can deliver forces greater than 50 MPa with strains of up to 0.6%, while other magnetostrictive sensor materials can provide hundreds of times the sensitivity of semiconductor strain gages. Magnetoelastic materials also have adaptable elastic moduli which may be varied by external magnetic fields.Magnetostriction is the change in any dimension of a magnetic material caused by a change in its magnetic state. In this article we concentrate on ferromagnetic materials exhibiting Joule magnetostriction, which is a change in linear dimension parallel to an applied magnetic field (see Figure 1), and the reciprocal effect in which the material changes its magnetic state under the influence of applied stress.The phenomenon of magnetostriction has been known for well over a century, since Joule discovered in 1847 the change in length of an iron rod when magnetized. The modern era of magnetostrictive materials began in 1963 with the measurement of nearly 1% magnetostrictive strains at low temperatures in the basal planes of Dy and Tb. A search for magnetostrictive materials with high magnetostriction at room temperature led to the alloying of rare earths with transition metals, culminating in the discovery in 1971 of giant room-temperature magnetostriction in the Laves phase compound TbFe2.

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4

Xu, Shaoyi, Qiang Peng, Chuansheng Li, Bo Liang, Junwen Sun, Fangfang Xing, Hongyu Xue, and Ming Li. "Optical Fiber Current Sensors Based on FBG and Magnetostrictive Composite Materials." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010161.

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Optical fiber current sensors are widely used in the online monitoring of a new generation power system because of their high electrical insulation, wide dynamic range, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability. Current sensors, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and giant magnetostrictive material, have the advantages of high reliability of FBG and high magnetostrictive coefficient of giant magnetostrictive material, which can meet the monitoring requirements of digital power systems. However, giant magnetostrictive materials are expensive, fragile, and difficult to mold, so giant magnetostrictive composite materials have replaced giant magnetostrictive materials as the sensitive elements of sensors. High sensitivity, high precision, wide working range, low response time, and low-cost optical fiber current sensors based on magnetostrictive composites have become a research hotspot. In this paper, the working principle of the sensor, the structure of the sensor, and the improvement of magnetostrictive composite materials are mainly discussed. At the same time, this paper points out improvements for the sensor.

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5

Yang, Zijing, Jiheng Li, Zhiguang Zhou, Jiaxin Gong, Xiaoqian Bao, and Xuexu Gao. "Recent Advances in Magnetostrictive Tb-Dy-Fe Alloys." Metals 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020341.

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Анотація:

As giant magnetostrictive materials with low magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Tb-Dy-Fe alloys are widely used in transducers, actuators and sensors due to the effective conversion between magnetic energy and mechanical energy (or acoustic energy). However, the intrinsic brittleness of intermetallic compounds leads to their poor machinability and makes them prone to fracture, which limits their practical applications. Recently, the addition of a fourth element to Tb-Dy-Fe alloys, such as Ho, Pr, Co, Nb, Cu and Ti, has been studied to improve their magnetostrictive and mechanical properties. This review starts with a brief introduction to the characteristics of Tb-Dy-Fe alloys and then focuses on the research progress in recent years. First, studies on the crystal growth mechanism in directional solidification, process improvement by introducing a strong magnetic field and the effects of substitute elements are described. Then, meaningful progress in mechanical properties, composite materials, the structural origin of magnetostriction based on ferromagnetic MPB theory and sensor applications are summarized. Furthermore, sintered composite materials based on the reconstruction of the grain boundary phase also provide new ideas for the development of magnetostrictive materials with excellent comprehensive properties, including high magnetostriction, high mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and high resistivity. Finally, future prospects are presented. This review will be helpful for the design of novel magnetostrictive Tb-Dy-Fe alloys, the improvement of magnetostrictive and mechanical properties and the understanding of magnetostriction mechanisms.

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6

Yan, Rong Ge, Li Hua Zhu, and Qing Xin Yang. "New Giant Magnetostrictive Force Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.424.

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Force sensors, based on the giant inverse magnetostrictive effect, have a series of outstanding properties, such as large overload capacity, which make them have more and more applications to the field of automatic control system of heavy industry, chemical industry. This paper designs new giant magnetostrictive force sensors using the rare-earth iron giant magnetostrictive materials. With the designed giant magnetostrictive force sensor, the relations between magnetic flux density in the gap and applied static stress on the sensor, the inductive voltage in the coil and time (with the dynamic stress), are calculated by finite element analysis software. The related confirmatory experiments have been conducted. The experimental results indicate that the giant magnetostrictive force sensor is fit for static and dynamic force measurement. In order to enlarge the measurement range, the designed force sensor as the basic cell is combined. This paper gives two kinds of combinations, which have the feature of adjustable range.

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7

Nakajima, Kenya, Marc Leparoux, Hiroki Kurita, Briac Lanfant, Di Cui, Masahito Watanabe, Takenobu Sato, and Fumio Narita. "Additive Manufacturing of Magnetostrictive Fe–Co Alloys." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030709.

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Fe–Co alloys are attracting attention as magnetostrictive materials for energy harvesting and sensor applications. This work investigated the magnetostriction characteristics and crystal structure of additive-manufactured Fe–Co alloys using directed energy deposition. The additive-manufactured Fe–Co parts tended to exhibit better magnetostrictive performance than the hot-rolled Fe–Co alloy. The anisotropy energy ΔK1 for the Fe–Co bulk, prepared under a power of 300 W (referred to as bulk−300 W), was larger than for the rolled sample. For the bulk−300 W sample in a particular plane, the piezomagnetic constant d was large, irrespective of the direction of the magnetic field. Elongated voids that formed during additive manufacturing changed the magnetostrictive behavior in a direction perpendicular to these voids. Magnetic property measurements showed that the coercivity decreased. Since sensors should be highly responsive, Fe–Co three-dimensional parts produced via additive manufacturing can be applied as force sensors.

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8

Furuya, Yasubumi, Teiko Okazaki, Chihiro Saito, and Munekatsu Shimada. "Magnetostrictive Galfenol Torque Sensor Devices for Smart by-Wire Steering System in Automobile Technology." Advances in Science and Technology 67 (October 2010): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.67.74.

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Анотація:

Polycrystalline Galfenol (Fe-Ga-X, X=Al, C, Zr etc.) alloys were fabricated as a bulk sample from rapid-solidified powders or ark-melted and annealing process method for enhancing various engineering applicabilities of this magnetostrictive alloy. Especially, (Fe-Ga0.15-Al0.05)99.0-Zr0.5-C0.5 [at.%] sample showed a maximum magnetostriction of λmax=90ppm to 150ppm as well as a tensile stress over σ=800MPa. This large magnetostriction is mainly caused by non-precipitating of the ordered A2 phases without the excessive precipitation of ordered phases such as fcc ordered L12, bcc ordered D03 phases and the remained [100] oriented strong textures by a heat treatment. Based on the improvements of these properties in the developed bulk Galfenol alloys, secondarily, we will introduce an application as a smart torque sensor by utilizing Galfenol-ring around the shaft for steering-by-wire system of automobile. A torque sensing system by using the magnetostrictive ring of Galfenol alloy was developed and magnetic flux leakage from the ring attached on the rotating shaft was experimentally measured by using differential Hall probe sensor. The sensitivity of this type of torque-sensor shows a strong dependency of metallurgical microstructure and the residual stress (i.e.hoop-stress) in the ring due to sensor shows a strong dependency of the residual stress (i.e.hoop-stress) in the ring due to the fitting level. A promising result on ring-type and single-structured inverse magnetostrictive torque sensor will be presented.

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9

Liu, Hui Fang, Han Yu Wang, and Yu Zhang. "Research on the Application Status of Giant Magnetostrictive Material in Drive Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.249.

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Анотація:

The concept of giant magnetostrictive material, characteristics and main effects were introduced briefly. The actuators based on GMM’s magnetostrictive effect, sensors based on inverse-magnetostrictive effect and self-sensing actuators based on the coupled effects were reviewed. It proposed that self-sensing actuators and sensor actuators on the basis of coupling relationship of magnetostrictive effect, inverse-magnetostrictive effect and other effects were GMM’s new research direction.

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10

Zhu, Zhi Wen, Qing Xin Zhang, and Jia Xu. "Hysteretic Nonlinear Characteristics of Giant Magnetostrictive Sensors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.667.

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Hysteretic nonlinear characteristics of giant magnetostrictive sensor were studied in this paper. Nonlinear difference items were introduced to interpret the hysteresis phenomena of the strain-magnetic field intensity (MFI) curves of giant magnetostrictive material (GMM). The coupling relationship between strain and frequency was obtained in partial least-square regression method to describe the driftage phenomena of the strain-MFI curves of GMM in different frequencies. The mechanical model of giant magnetostrictive sensor was developed, and the nonlinear relationship between output voltage of giant magnetostrictive sensor and input excitation force was obtained. The nonlinear characteristics of giant magnetostrictive sensor were discussed, and the phenomena of accuracy aggravation in high frequency and delay of giant magnetostrictive sensor were explained. The new giant magnetostrictive sensor model has simple form and is easy to be analyzed in theory, which is helpful to measuring and control.

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11

Nowicki, Michał. "Stress Dependence of the Small Angle Magnetization Rotation Signal in Commercial Amorphous Ribbons." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182908.

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The results of the investigation on tensile stress dependence of the SAMR (small angle magnetization rotation) signal in soft magnetic amorphous ribbons are presented. Exemplary results for commercially available, negatively magnetostrictive 2705M, 2714A, and 6030D amorphous ribbons show significant stress dependence, in contrast to positively magnetostrictive 2826MB alloy. The magnetoelastic hysteresis of the obtained characteristics is compared, as well as the influence of the biasing H field and supply current variations. Based on the results, 2705M alloy with near-zero negative magnetostriction is proposed as best suited for a SAMR-based, magnetoelastic force sensor.

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12

Xu, Shaoyi, Qiang Peng, Fangfang Xing, Hongyu Xue, Junwen Sun, Lei Ma, and Ming Li. "A Low-Cost Current Sensor Based on Semi-Cylindrical Magnetostrictive Composite." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111833.

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This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a compact current sensor based on magnetostrictive composites and resistance strain gauges. Firstly, we designed three kinds of current sensors with different structures, in which the shape of the giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) was cuboid, cylindrical, and semi-cylindrical. A set of finite element method (FEM) simulations were performed to qualitatively guide the design of three prototypes of the current sensor. It was determined that the most ideal shape of the GMM was semi-cylindrical. Secondly, Terfenol-D (TD) powder and epoxy resin were mixed to prepare magnetostrictive composites. In this paper, magnetostrictive composites with different particle size ranges and mass ratio were prepared and tested. The results show that the magnetostrictive composites had the best performance when the particle size range was 149–500 μm and the mass ratio of epoxy resin to TD powder was 1:5. Finally, this paper tested the performance of the sensor. The sensitivity, repeatability, and linear working range of the sensor reached 0.104 με/A, 2.51%, and 100–900 A respectively, when only 0.31 g of TD powder was employed. This means that current measurement with low cost, high sensitivity, and wide range was realized.

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13

Hou, E. Z. Y., J. Rostami, G. G. D. Li, and G. Huang. "Performance investigation on the balance of static and dynamic magnetic field strength of magnetostrictive patch transducer with different permanent magnets." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): P05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/p05007.

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Abstract Nowadays, a magnetostrictive patch transducer(MPT) utilizing the high magnetostriction patch such as iron-cobalt alloy attached to the tested specimen like pipes, tubes, and cables has attracted more attention from many scholars. A harmonized flexible printed coil magnetostrictive patch transducer (HFPC-MPT) was proposed in 2019 by the author's research group, and this high-performance MPT could generate a more even magnetostrictive force than before. However, that research was an MPT optimization from sensor circuit design perspective. From the perspective of the magnetic field, this type of sensor has not been explored yet to improve its performance. In this research, firstly, the author conducted numerical simulations to find the optimal balance range between the static and dynamic magnetic fields of HFPC-MPT. Secondly, some experiments have been designed to verify the simulation results. The simulation results have been validated and are in agreement with the experimental results. This research provided a deep insight into improving the performance of HFPC-MPT from the perspective of the static magnetic field, which is also beneficial to both industrial and academic areas.

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14

Stuve, Steven R. "Magnetostrictive stress wave sensor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124, no. 3 (2008): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2986182.

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15

Nyce, David S. "Low power magnetostrictive sensor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 94, no. 4 (October 1993): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.407391.

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16

Kleinke, Darrell K., and H. Mehmet Uras. "A magnetostrictive force sensor." Review of Scientific Instruments 65, no. 5 (May 1994): 1699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144863.

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17

Stuve, Steven R. "Magnetostrictive stress wave sensor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124, no. 2 (2008): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2969619.

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18

Wang, Shuchao, Fu Wan, Hong Zhao, Weigen Chen, Weichao Zhang, and Quan Zhou. "A Sensitivity-enhanced Fiber Grating Current Sensor Based on Giant Magnetostrictive Material for Large-Current Measurement." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081755.

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Анотація:

Currently, in the modern power industry, it is still a great challenge to achieve high sensitivity and uninterrupted-online measurement of large current on the high voltage gridlines. At present, the fiber grating current sensors based on giant magnetostrictive material used in the modern power industry to achieve uninterrupted-online measurement of large currents on high voltage grid lines is a better method, but the sensitivity of this current sensor is relatively low, therefore, it is key to improve the sensitivity of this current sensor. Here we show a sensitivity-enhanced fiber grating current sensor based on giant magnetostrictive material (in the following, simply referred to as the sensitivity-enhanced fiber grating current sensor) that is able to achieve high sensitivity and uninterrupted-online measurement of large currents by means of pressurizing the giant magnetostrictive material. Sampling the power frequency sinusoidal alternating current signals with the amplitudes of 107, 157 and 262 A respectively, based on realistic factors, for the sensitivity-enhanced current sensor, the sensitivities, compared with that of the traditional fiber grating current sensor based on giant magnetostrictive material (in the following, simply referred to as the traditional fiber grating current sensor), were respectively enhanced by 268.96%, 135.72% and 71.57%. Thus the sensitivity-enhanced fiber grating current sensor allows us to solve the issue of high sensitivity and uninterrupted-online measurement of large currents that have been plaguing the power industry in a very simple and low-cost way.

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19

Niu, Xiaodong, Mingming Li, Qian Wang, Mengfei Liu, Bowen Wang, Wenmei Huang, Ling Weng, and Ying Sun. "Non-contact torque sensor based on magnetostrictive Fe₃₀Co₇₀ alloy." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081248.

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A non-contact torque sensor based on a magnetostrictive Fe30Co70 rod wound with an excitation coil and a pickup coil is proposed in this paper. In the magnetic field range 0–30 kA/m, the changing rate and linearity of magnetostriction with a loading magnetic field of Fe30Co70 samples are significantly improved after heat treatment. Maximum magnetostriction is 103 ppm in the annealed sample in the parallel direction, while its tensile strength and allowable shear stress are 608 and 194.56 MPa, respectively. According to the mathematical model presented in this work, there is a linear relationship between the output voltage and torque. An apparent increase in the induced voltage signal (peak voltage) of 48.23 mV is observed as the torque increases to 20 Nm in the case of applying sinusoidal excitation signals. In addition, the experimental results are consistent with the calculated values within the torque range 0–16 Nm, and a good sensitivity of 2.87 mV/Nm is obtained. This work shows the prospect of Fe30Co70 alloy for non-contact torque sensing for the appropriate magnetostrictive property with no orientation requirement.

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20

Ghodsi, Mojtaba, Shahed Mirzamohamadi, Soheil Talebian, Yousef Hojjat, Mohammadmorad Sheikhi, Amur Al-Yahmedi, and Abdullah Özer. "Analytical, numerical and experimental investigation of a giant magnetostrictive (GM) force sensor." Sensor Review 35, no. 4 (September 21, 2015): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2014-0760.

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate a novel giant magnetostrictive (GM) force sensor using Terfenol-D rod. Design/methodology/approach – First of all, principle of GM force sensor based on positive magnetostriction of Terfenol-D is presented. Then, design procedure of the GM force sensor is stated. Magnetic properties such as B-H curve and permeability of Terfenol-D are measured by a novel experimental setup and the results are used in analytical model, sensitivity estimation and numerical simulations. Then, an analytical model is presented and a numerical simulation using CST Studio Suite 2011 software is done. So as a result of numerical simulations, optimum geometry of the GM force sensor is obtained related to the condition in which the GM force sensor has highest sensitivity. After that, the sensor is fabricated using the simulation results and is tested by means of an experimental setup. Characteristic curve of the GM force sensor in several conditions is measured and the optimum operational condition is obtained considering highest sensitivity condition of the sensor. Also operational diagrams of the GM force sensor is plotted in loading and unloading conditions. Characteristics of the GM force sensor in optimum condition are presented. Findings – It was found that the GM force sensor has maximum sensitivity and maximum linearity in 0.8A current, which can be known as optimum condition of application. In this sensor, maximum sensitivity is 0.51 mV/N (while current is 0.8A), which is highest among older investigations. Originality/value – At last, theoretical, numerical and experimental results are compared and the criteria for magnetostrictive sensor design are presented.

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21

Yan, Rong Ge, Yu Long Jia, Li Hua Zhu, and Qing Xin Yang. "Giant Magnetostrictive Freezing Rain Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.163.

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As a disastrous weather, hazards of freezing rain can not be ignored. The important thing to be solved at present is using advanced technology and material to correctly detect and improve the forecasting ability of freezing rain. Based on the damage of freezing rain and excellent properties of the giant magnetostrictive materials, this paper gives a giant magnetostrictive freezing rain sensor. When there is different thickness of freezing rain, natural frequency of the sensor will change. Resonance is regained by adjusting the frequency of the power. From natural frequency change, the thickness of the freezing rain can be known. Using COMSOL software, modal analysis of different thickness freezing rain for the giant magnetostrictive freezing rain sensor is studied. The results show that there is big difference in natural frequency with difference thickness of freezing rain, which is easy to achieve automatic frequency tracking and monitor.

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22

Thormählen, Lars, Dennis Seidler, Viktor Schell, Frans Munnik, Jeffrey McCord, and Dirk Meyners. "Sputter Deposited Magnetostrictive Layers for SAW Magnetic Field Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 8386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248386.

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Анотація:

For the best possible limit of detection of any thin film-based magnetic field sensor, the functional magnetic film properties are an essential parameter. For sensors based on magnetostrictive layers, the chemical composition, morphology and intrinsic stresses of the layer have to be controlled during film deposition to further control magnetic influences such as crystallographic effects, pinning effects and stress anisotropies. For the application in magnetic surface acoustic wave sensors, the magnetostrictive layers are deposited on rotated piezoelectric single crystal substrates. The thermomechanical properties of quartz can lead to undesirable layer stresses and associated magnetic anisotropies if the temperature increases during deposition. With this in mind, we compare amorphous, magnetostrictive FeCoSiB films prepared by RF and DC magnetron sputter deposition. The chemical, structural and magnetic properties determined by elastic recoil detection, X-ray diffraction, and magneto-optical magnetometry and magnetic domain analysis are correlated with the resulting surface acoustic wave sensor properties such as phase noise level and limit of detection. To confirm the material properties, SAW sensors with magnetostrictive layers deposited with RF and DC deposition have been prepared and characterized, showing comparable detection limits below 200 pT/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz. The main benefit of the DC deposition is achieving higher deposition rates while maintaining similar low substrate temperatures.

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23

Calkins, Frederick T., Alison B. Flatau, and Marcelo J. Dapino. "Overview of Magnetostrictive Sensor Technology." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 18, no. 10 (October 2007): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x06072358.

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24

Mizuno, Masashi, and Katsuhiro Kojima. "Development of Magnetostrictive Torque Sensor." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 62, no. 3 (1991): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.62.167.

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25

Kleinke, Darrell K., and H. Mehmet Uras. "A noncontacting magnetostrictive strain sensor." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 8 (August 1993): 2361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143935.

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26

Wakiwaka, Hiroyuki, Kazuyuki Ohtake, Naoki Itoh, Toshiyuki Takeuchi, Kunihisa Tashiro, Teruo Kiyomiya, and Mika Makimura. "Effect of Stress on the Magnetic Characteristics of SmFe Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.82.

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SmFe is a kind of giant magnetostrictive material. Though Terfenol-D has a positive magnetostriction constant, SmFe has a negative magnetostriction constant. Furthermore, the permeability of SmFe is bigger than the permeability of a Tb system material. Since the permeability is big, it is expected that the merit is big, when a sensor device is constructed using SmFe. This paper describes an SmFe thin film and a method for introducing stress into the SmFe thin film. Next, the results of measuring the magnetic characteristic using VSM, while the stress is applied, are shown. Finally, it is shown that a highly sensitive force sensor can be constructed using an SmFe thin film, because the differential permeability greatly changes on the SmFe thin film, when tensile stress was applied, from the measured magnetic characteristic.

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27

Na, Hyun-Ho, Ill-Soo Kim, Joo-Hwan Seo, Sung-Woo Son, Jae-Won Jeong, Ji-Sun Kim, and Ji-Hye Lee. "A Study About Weld Defects Detection By Using A Magnetostrictive Sensor." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 1279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2009.33.11.1279.

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28

Szewczyk, Roman, Jacek Salach, Adam Bieńkowski, Marek Kostecki, Andrzej Roman Olszyna, and Aleksandra Kolano-Burian. "Measurements of Strain in Ceramic Components Using Magnetostrictive Delay Line." Solid State Phenomena 154 (April 2009): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.154.29.

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Paper presents a novel application of magnetostrictive delay lines, which give a possibility of real time monitoring of strain in ceramic components. Magnetostrictive delay line was based on highly magnetostrictive Fe-Si-B amorphous alloy ribbon, mounted outside of ceramic component, what is a new solution for increasing sensor’s sensitivity. Developed specially for this sensor, hybrid digital-analog signal processing unit covers the sample-and-hold integrated circuit. The achived sensitivity and repeatability of the sensor confirms, that such solution is suitable for ceramic machine tool monitoring.

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29

Jebril, Seid, Yogendra K. Mishra, Mady Elbahri, Lorenz Kienle, Henry Greve, Eckhard Quandt, and Rainer Adelung. "Using Thin Film Stress for Nanoscaled Sensors." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2028.

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Thin film stress is often seen as an unwanted effect in micro- and nanostructures. Since recent years, we could employ thin film stress as a useful tool to create nanowires. By creating stress at predetermined breaking points, e.g., in microstructured photo resist thin films, cracks occur on the nanoscale in a well defined and reproducible manner [ ]. By using those as a simple mask for thin film deposition, nanowires can be created. More recently this fabrication scheme could be improved by utilizing delamination of the thin film, in order to obtain suitable shadow masks for thin film deposition in vacuum [ ]. Now, these stress based nanowires can be integrated in microelectronic devices and used as field effect transistors or as hydrogen sensors [ ]. For the functional part of the sensor, it was proposed that thin film stress created by hydrogen adsorption in the nanowire is the driving force. In terms of function, thin films can be also applied on free standing nanoscale whiskers or wires to modify their mechanical features or adding additional functionality. As a second example for the utilization of thin film stress, recent experiments on a piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material combination will be presented. These piezoelectric-magnetostrictive nano-composites are potential candidates for novel magnetic field sensors [ ]. In these composites the magnetostriction will be transferred to the piezoelectric component, resulting in a polarization of the piezoelectric material, that can be used as the sensor signal. The results of two different composite layouts will be presented and discussed with a special focus on the comparison between classical macroscopic composites and the novel nanocomposites.

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30

Hashi, Shuichiro, Daisuke Sora, and Kazushi Ishiyama. "Strain and Vibration Sensor Based on Inverse Magnetostriction of Amorphous Magnetostrictive Films." IEEE Magnetics Letters 10 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmag.2019.2957247.

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31

WANG Bo-wen, 王博文, 王晓东 WANG Xiao-dong, 李云开 LI Yun-kai, 万丽丽 WAN Li-li, 郑文栋 ZHENG Wen-dong, and 魏佳琪 WEI Jia-qi. "Magnetostrictive tactile sensor for texture detection." Optics and Precision Engineering 26, no. 12 (2018): 2991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20182612.2991.

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32

Chang, Heng-Chung, Sheng-Chieh Liao, Hsieh-Shen Hsieh, Jung-Hung Wen, Chih-Huang Lai, and Weileun Fang. "Magnetostrictive type inductive sensing pressure sensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 238 (February 2016): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.11.023.

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33

Fleming, W. J. "Magnetostrictive torque sensor performance-nonlinear analysis." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 38, no. 3 (1989): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.45469.

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34

Stoyanov, Plamen G., and Craig A. Grimes. "A remote query magnetostrictive viscosity sensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 80, no. 1 (March 2000): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(99)00288-5.

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35

Shen, Yan, Zhao Liu, Qiuyan Lin, Jinming Ge, Guoqing Zhang, and Wenbin Yu. "Novel giant magnetostrictive material current sensor." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 87 (July 16, 2015): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/87/1/012089.

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36

Kwun, H., and K. A. Bartels. "Magnetostrictive sensor technology and its applications." Ultrasonics 36, no. 1-5 (February 1998): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-624x(97)00043-7.

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37

Klinger, T., H. Pfutzner, P. Schonhuber, K. Hoffmann, and N. Bachl. "Magnetostrictive amorphous sensor for biomedical monitoring." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 28, no. 5 (September 1992): 2400–2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.179505.

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38

Qinghua, Cao, Chen Dingfang, Lu Quanguo, Tang gang, Yan Jianwu, Zhu Zhifang, Xu Bin, Zhao Ran, and Zhang Xiaoxing. "SENSOR PERFORMANCE OF CANTILEVERED MAGNETOSTRICTIVE BEAM." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 7, no. 3 (2014): 1221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-702.

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39

Baudendistel, Thomas A., and Michael L. Turner. "A Novel Inverse-Magnetostrictive Force Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 7, no. 2 (February 2007): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2006.886876.

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40

Tsiantos, Vasilios, Vasilios Karagiannis, Aphrodite Ktena, Christos Manasis, Onoufrios Ladoukakis, Charalambos Elias, Evangelos Hristoforou, and Polyxeni Vourna. "Modelling of a Magnetostrictive Torque Sensor." MATEC Web of Conferences 41 (2016): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164101003.

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41

Hase, Hiroyuki, Rihito Shoji, and Masayuki Wakamiya. "Torque sensor using amorphous magnetostrictive ribbons." Materials Science and Engineering: A 181-182 (May 1994): 1378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90868-0.

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42

Hu, Jing, R. Guntupalli, Ramji S. Lakshmanan, and Bryan Chin. "Thermalstability of Polyclonal Antibody to Salmonella typhimurium on a Magnetostrictive Sensor Platform." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1724.

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Thermalstability of polyclonal antibodies to Salmonella typhimurium was investigated by studying the effect of temperature on the binding activity to Salmonella typhimurium using a magnetostrictive platform. Antibodies were immobilized using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Then sensors were stored at temperatures of, 25°C (room temperature), 45°C and 65°C, respectively, and then the ability of these sensors to detect S. typhimurium was tested at a predetermined schedule. Changes in the fundamental resonance frequency of sensors after exposure to 1 ml of 1×109cfu/ml of S. typhimurium were recorded over the testing period. The shift in resonance frequency was attributed to the binding of bacteria to antibody immobilized sensor. The results showed that at each temperature, the binding ability of the antibody to S. typhimurium decreased gradually over the testing period, and the higher the temperature, the lower the longevity of the polyclonal antibody. The longevity of polyclonal antibody on the magnetostrictive sensor platform was about 30, 8 and 5 days at room temperature (25°C), 45°C and 65°C, respectively.

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43

Ripka, Pavel, Mehran Mirzaei, and Josef Blažek. "Magnetic position sensors." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 022002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac32eb.

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Abstract Magnetic position sensors are popular in industrial and automotive applications since they are robust, resistant to dust and oil, and can be cheap. This was traditionally accompanied by low accuracy. However, new precise magnetic position sensors have been developed which can achieve 0.015% error and 10 nm resolution. The maximum achievable range is about 20 m. DC magnetic position sensors use a permanent magnet as a field source; a magnetic field sensor measures the field from that source, which is a function of distance. As a field sensor, magnetoresistors are often used instead of traditional Hall sensors. Eddy current position sensors also work with non-magnetic conduction targets. Magnetostrictive position sensors are based on the time of flight of the elastic waves excited in the magnetostrictive material. These sensors can be several meters long and their applications range from level meters to hydraulics. Magnetic trackers and long-range position sensors utilize AC field sources, which are detectable from distances up to 20 m. Compared to optical instruments, magnetic trackers do not need a direct view. Their applications include surgery, mixed reality, and underground and underwater navigation.

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44

Wang, Chuanli, Rui Shi, Caofeng Yu, Zhuo Chen, and Yu Wang. "Research on Hysteresis Modeling and Compensation Method of Giant Magnetostrictive Force Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2734288.

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Linearity is an important index for evaluating the performance of various sensors. Under the Villari effect, there may be some hysteresis between the input force and the output voltage of a force sensor, meaning that the output will be multivalued and nonlinear. To improve the linearity and eliminate the hysteresis of such sensors, an output compensation method using a variable bias current is proposed based on the bidirectional energy conversion mechanism of giant magnetostrictive material. First, the magnetization relationship between the input force, bias current, and flux density is established. Second, a nonlinear neural network model of the force-magnetization hysteresis and a neural network model for the compensation control of the force sensor are established. These models are trained using the magnetic flux density-force curve and the magnetic flux density-current curve, respectively. Taking the optimal linearity as the objective function, the bias current under different input forces is optimized. Finally, a bias current control system is developed and an experimental test platform is built to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed variable bias current hysteresis compensation method enables the linearity under the return of the force sensor to reach 1.6%, which is around 48.3% higher than under previous methods. Thus, the proposed variable bias current method effectively suppresses the hysteresis phenomenon and provides improved linearity for giant magnetostrictive force sensors.

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45

Jia, Zhen-Yuan, Hui-Fang Liu, Fu-Ji Wang, Wei Liu, and Chun-Ya Ge. "A novel magnetostrictive static force sensor based on the giant magnetostrictive material." Measurement 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2010.09.031.

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46

Meng, Zhang, Yan Wen, Li Tao, Jiang Wei, and Wang Shuai. "Application of the Magnetostrictive Displacement Sensor in the Self-Propelled Artillery in the Performance Test." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.99.

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Introducing the principle, which the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is based on, and the gauging to small shifting is given in this paper. These sensor possess the peculiarities of high precision, long-life and easy to assemble. The gauging to small shifting belongs to the major characteristics test to artillery. On account of the faultiness existing testing means, this method is submitted to the characteristics test of artillery. Which magnetostrictive displacement sensor is applied to the shifting measure. By means of tests, the conclusion could be given that this method is easy to operate, automatic, high testing precision and widely used.

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47

Wu, Yan, Xuhui Liu, Tiantian Guo, and Ye Qiu. "Output force of giant magnetostrictive actuator." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 25 (September 10, 2019): 1950301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919503019.

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A new type of intelligent micro displacement materials, giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM), have a wide range of potential applications in the fields of micro vibrations. In this paper, a novel type of giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA), mainly made by the giant magnetostrictive materials, is designed, and its inner structure and working principle are also discussed. To investigate the output force of giant magnetostrictive actuator, a test system, including the force sensor, data acquisition card and power supply equipment are established. The experimental results show, when the excited current increased from 0.5 A to 2 A gradually, the output force of the giant magnetostrictive actuator also gradually increased, in the condition of the pre-compress force from 100 N to 400 N, the output force of the giant magnetostrictive actuator will also increase with the increasing of the pre-compress force.

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48

Yan, Rong Ge, Li Hua Zhu, and Qing Xin Yang. "Signal Processing of Giant Magnetostritive Force Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.988.

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Based on the analysis of the principle of giant magnetostrictive force sensor, the signal processing system of the sensor has been designed. First, this paper designs manual and automatic working mode for the giant magnetostrictive force sensor. Using SCM as a micro-controller, its peripheral interface circuits hardware system have been designed, including signal amplification circuit, analog to digital (A/D) conversion interface circuit, LED display interface circuit, determinant keyboard input interface circuit and imposing force control circuit. This system is able to display the numerical value of the imposed force. The software of the whole system is designed. Experiments are conducted to show that the signal processing system works well, which is important to practical application of the giant magnetostritive force sensor.

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49

Zhang, Bing, Bowen Wang, Yunkai Li, and Shaowei Jin. "Magnetostrictive tactile sensor of detecting friction and normal force for object recognition." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 172988142093232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420932327.

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Tactile information is valuable in determining properties of objects that are inaccessible from visual perception. A new type of tangential friction and normal contact force magnetostrictive tactile sensor was developed based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect, and the force output model has been established. It can measure the exerted force in the range of 0–4 N, and it has a good response to the dynamic force in cycles of 0.25–0.5 s. We present a tactile perception strategy that a manipulator with tactile sensors in its grippers manipulates an object to measure a set of tactile features. It shows that tactile sensing system can use these features and the extreme learning machine algorithm to recognize household objects—purely from tactile sensing—from a small training set. The complex matrixes show the recognition rate is up to 83%.

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50

Choi, Woo-Jin, and John-Tark Lee. "Implementation of High-Precision Magnetostrictive-Type Liquid Level Measurement System UsingWavelet Transform." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, no. 6 (November 20, 2014): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0888.

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Precise measurement of levels of liquids stored in tanks is essential for monitoring and predicting disasters by detecting leakages or arbitrary discharge of toxic materials. Therefore, tanks are typically equipped with a series of liquid level sensors. A magnetostrictive-type level sensor is composed of a waveguide, a current pulse interrogator, and a sensing coil for detecting reflective torsional signals caused by Wiedemann effect, which is themain principle of operation of magnetostrictive-type liquid level sensors. In order to implement a high-precision magnetostrictivetype liquid level measurement system, we used time–frequency analysis techniques such as wavelet transform (WT) to precisely detect the reflected signals. By using time–frequency analysis techniques such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and WT, a robust and precise liquid level measurement system can be implemented even in noisy environments.

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