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1
Islam, Muhammad Nazrul, Md Arman Ahmed, and A. K. M. Najmul Islam. "Chakuri-Bazaar: A Mobile Application for Illiterate and Semi-Literate People for Searching Employment." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 12, no. 2 (April 2020): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2020040102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the design principles to develop mobile applications for illiterate and semi-literate people and to design, develop, and evaluate a mobile application for illiterate and semi-literate people in Bangladesh using the revealed design principles and following a design science research approach. The authors first conducted a requirement elicitation study to reveal a set of design principals to make the user interface (UI) intuitive for illiterate and semi-literate people. Then, a mobile application (Chakuri-Bazaar) was developed following these design principals. Finally, the application was evaluated with 40 illiterate and semi-literate people through a field study. As outcome, a set of design principles was revealed for designing usable mobile application for illiterate and semi-literate people. The findings of the evaluation study suggest that the application was effective, efficient, and the users were satisfied in terms of its ease of use, ease of learning, willingness to use it in future, and willingness to recommend it to others.
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Hayat, Shamaila, Aimal Rextin, and Anas Bilal. "Understanding the usability issues in contact management of illiterate and semi-literate users." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): e0259719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259719.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effective utilization of a communication channel like calling a person involves two steps. The first step is storing the contact information of another user, and the second step is finding contact information to initiate a voice or text communication. However, the current smartphone interfaces for contact management are mainly textual; which leaves many emergent users at a severe disadvantage in using this most basic functionality to the fullest. Previous studies indicated that less-educated users adopt various coping strategies to store and identify contacts. However, all of these studies investigated the contact management issues of these users from a qualitative angle. Although qualitative or subjective investigations are very useful, they generally need to be augmented by a quantitative investigation for a comprehensive problem understanding. This work presents an exploratory study to identify the usability issues and coping strategies in contact management by emergent users; by using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches. We identified coping strategies of the Pakistani population and the effectiveness of these strategies through a semi-structured qualitative study of 15 participants and a usability study of 9 participants, respectively. We then obtained logged data of 30 emergent and 30 traditional users, including contact-books and dual-channel (call and text messages) logs to infer a more detailed understanding; and to analyse the differences in the composition of contact-books of both user groups. The analysis of the log data confirmed problems that affect the emergent users’ communication behaviour due to the various difficulties they face in storing and searching contacts. Our findings revealed serious usability issues in current communication interfaces over smartphones. The emergent users were found to have smaller contact-books and preferred voice communication due to reading/writing difficulties. They also reported taking help from others for contact saving and text reading. The alternative contact management strategies adopted by our participants include: memorizing whole number or last few digits to recall important contacts; adding special character sequence with contact numbers for better recall; writing a contact from scratch rather than searching it in the phone-book; voice search; and use of recent call logs to redial a contact. The identified coping strategies of emergent users could aid the developers and designers to come up with solutions according to emergent users’ mental models and needs.
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Sharma, Prawaal, Navneet Goyal, and Vinay MR. "Semi-literate Texting (SLT): Survey based text message dataset from digitally semi-literate users in India." Data in Brief 38 (October 2021): 107329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107329.
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Chan, Brenda. "Virtual Communities and Chinese National Identity." Journal of Chinese Overseas 2, no. 1 (2006): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325406788639093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWith the implementation of economic reforms in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the relaxation of restrictions on foreign travel, a new wave of overseas migration from mainland China has taken place. Compared to the earlier waves of Chinese emigrants who were semi-literate peasants and craftsmen, many new Chinese migrants are highly educated professionals and are extremely mobile. While the earlier Chinese migrants were mostly from southern provinces in China and organized their voluntary associations based on native-place or blood ties, new Chinese migrants hail from different regions in China, and would build social organizations of different configurations. Besides setting up voluntary organizations offline, these new Chinese migrants are also forming cybercommunities on the Internet. This article investigates whether virtual communities formed by new Chinese migrants also offer identity options to migrants in terms of ethnicity and national belonging, as offline immigrant associations do. It does so by examining the varieties of Chinese national identities articulated in cyberspace and in the offline activities of two virtual communities formed by new Chinese migrants who are working and studying in Singapore. I argue that virtual communities formed by migrants may or may not offer distinct identity options to their members in terms of ethnic or national belonging. Virtual communities with very diverse user profiles may offer more distinct identity options for their members as a strategy in attracting and retaining members, compared to virtual communities with a more homogeneous membership.
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Pontius, Anneliese A. "In Similarity Judgments Hunter-Gatherers Prefer Shapes over Spatial Relations in Contrast to Literate Groups." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3 (December 1995): 1027–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3.1027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reverse strategies are used in judgments of similarity by hunter-gatherers who prefer using shapes (attributes) in patterns, and literates who prefer judging relations among shapes The Kohs Block Design Test was given to healthy hunter-gatherers, 19 stone-age, preliterate, Amazonian Auca Indians and 130 semi-literate Dani and Asmat of inland Indonesian Western New Guinea. Further, 196 literate Indonesian city dwellers served as controls. The Auca and the Dani and Asmat groups preferentially constructed 20 specific, “nonrandom” modifications similar to the Kohs Block Design Test and preserved the salient component shapes but neglected relations among them. Hunter-gatherers' survival depends on prompt assessment of the salient shapes of prey and attackers. By contrast, literacy skills require painstaking assessment of subtle intrapattern spatial relations among shapes.
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SERRANO-AROCA, Ángel, and Joan Josep SOLAZ-PORTOLÉS. "ESTUDIO CUALITATIVO DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS DE LOS ESTUDIANTES ESPAÑOLES DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA SOBRE POLÍMEROS." Periódico Tchê Química 12, no. 24 (August 20, 2014): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v11.n22.2014.47_periodico_22_pgs_47_53.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polymeric materials are important at present and there are few studies of High School students' ideas about them. Therefore, we carried out a study that aims to approach High School Spanish students' knowledge about these materials. A qualitative methodology, based on semi-structured interviews, has been used. Twelve High School students (eight of 10th grade and four of 12th grade) have participated in this research. Results indicate that: a) Tenth grade students' knowledge level about polymers is low, i.e. this level is inadequate for a scientifically literate citizen; and b) This knowledge level does not significantly improve after finishing 12th grade.
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DeNapoli, Antoinette Elizabeth. ""Write the Text Letter-by-Letter in the Heart"." Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 4, no. 1 (June 5, 2010): 3–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.v4i1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The performance of the Rāmāyan, a popular, medieval Hindi text composed by the Indian poet/saint Tulsidas, constitutes an important genre in the “rhetoric of renunciation” for female Hindu ascetics (sādhus) in Rajasthan. It is used by them, along with the singing of devotional songs (bhajans) and the telling of religious stories (kahānī), as integral to their daily practice of asceticism. This essay examines the performance and textual strategies by which non- and semi-literate female sādhus create themselves as “scriptural”—how they perform a relationship with the literate textual tradition of the Tulsi Rāmāyan—and thus engender female religious authority in the male-dominated institution of renunciation, in which men are often considered by Indian society as “the” experts in sacred texts. For these female sādhus, Rāmāyan performance functions as a rhetorical strategy with which they construct their tradition of devotional asceticism as a non-orthodox and vernacular alternative to the dominant (and orthodox) Sanskritic textual model of Brahmanical asceticism. The sādhus’ identification of Rāmāyan expressive traditions with Tulsidas’ written text contributes a new perspective on the concept of scripture, and their textual practices provide an alternative model of scripturality to current analytical models which equate it with individuals’ engagement with the written sacred text.
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Amin, Muhammad, Muhammad Islam, and Humera Amin. "What supports Females in Higher Education Progression? A Pakistani Public University Context." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 1 (March 8, 2020): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v20i1.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper is focused on exploring the factors that support females’ progression in higher education. The mixed methods approach is taken to conduct the research, consequently the study falls in pragmatic paradigm. The structured questionnaire is used to collect quantitative data from 200 university female students, and semi-structured interview protocol is used to generate qualitative data from 15 female students of the same university. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) has been used to analyse quantitative data, whereas content analysis has been used to analyse qualitative data. The data highlight that literate parents, global trend of females’ acquisition of higher education, media, availability of jobs and scholarships are supportive factors in females’ progression in higher education. An interesting finding revealed from the data is that ‘Islamic Perspective’ of education is also considered as encouraging factor; generally in Pakistani societal context, especially in remote areas, people use ‘Islamic Perspective’ in a distorted way to restrict their girls from getting higher education.
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Adityanjee. "Informed Consent: Issues Involved for Developing Countries." Medicine, Science and the Law 26, no. 4 (October 1986): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248602600411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of informed consent in biomedical research has attained paramout importance these days as multicentred collaborative research involves recruitment of subjects who are semi-literate and unaware of their own rights. Impressionistic judgments have been passed regarding the capability of such subjects to grasp the issues involved in the concept of informed consent. Procedures less rigorous than those used in developed countries have been advocated under such conditions. This paper examines the various facets of this ethical problem and cautions against any dilution in the time-honoured practices of giving an individual his/her right to total autonomy and the consequent right to withdraw at any stage from any experimental project without assigning any reasons. The author also cautions against the tendency on behalf of clinician-investigators to exploit the doctor-patient relationship so as to fulfil their own professional ambitions, neglecting in the process the legal and ethical rights of patients.
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Rahul, Mayank. "Assessment of Dietary Pattern of People Living in a Rural Area of Bihar." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 06, no. 03 (January 29, 2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: There is a trend of declining cereal intake particularly coarse cereals and really low increase of consumption of other food items within the rural diet, which has often been explained as an expected outcome of economic growth Aims & Objectives: 1). To observe the dietary pattern of different food items and their timely consumption. 2). To assess the consumption and practices of daily food items used in kitchen. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study done in Nathnagar areas (Bihar) in the month of March, 2017 with the help of pre-tested semi structured questionnaire amongst the rural population. Total 154 subjects were interviewed in one-month period. Result: maximum participants 51 (33.11%) belong to 22-27 years of age group and majority of the population were literate. It was also found that 127 (82.46%) of participants consume green vegetables daily and daily consumption of beverages such as tea and coffee were seen common to 152 (98.7%) participants. Iodized Salt intake consumption was seen in majority 151 (98%). Washing practices of cereals, at least two times a day was seen in 94 (61%) participant and it was also observed that 123 (79.87%) participants practiced washing of vegetables before cutting. Conclusion: Most of them where vegetarian by diet. As of education part all most all the participants were from the literate groups which depicts a good overview of society regarding studies. Many of them were aware of their consumption of food and its pattern, still few were lagging. Overall, everyone had different pattern of food habit and it shows that much work has to be done in the field of health dimension with the help of education and motivation and through implementation of healthy life style behaviour in terms of nutrition and its monitoring from time to time.
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Mirizon, Soni. "Teachers of English Assessment Literacy: Unveiling What They Know and Do." Indonesian Research Journal in Education |IRJE| 5, no. 1 (April 4, 2021): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/irje.v5i1.12834.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conducting assessment is one of the crucial responsibilities every teacher has to do. A teacher needs to assess his students both during and at the end of instruction; therefore he needs to have good assessment literacy in order to be able to carry out assessment successfully. This study investigated teachers’ of English assessment literacy at two different senior high schools in Palembang. This case study involved six teachers of English as participants. The data were collected using questionnaires, semi-structured interview, classroom observation, and documentation. Data obtained from questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics, while data obtained from the semi-structured interview were analysed using thematic analysis through coding. Data obtained from classroom observation and documents were used to verify the ones from the questionnaire and interview. The findings revealed that teachers of English were in fairly literate category of assessment literacy; not every teacher carried out formative assessment regularly; they encountered difficulties in assessing students learning due to lacked understanding in interpreting the basic competence of the curriculum which led to inappropriate indicators formulation; assessment items did not match with the formulated indicators; and lacked of variety in constructing question items for formative assessment. These difficulties are due to that they lacked of experience in constructing assessment items and lacked of formal training related to test items construction. These findings lead to the conclusion that teachers assessment literacy needs to be enhanced so that they could carry out accountable assessment to support their students learning.
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Köklükaya, Ayşe Nesibe. "THE DETERMINATION OF OPINIONS OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS ON THE CURRICULUM OF SCIENCE COURSES ON THE BASIS OF THE 3-IDIOTS MOVIE." Journal of Baltic Science Education 14, no. 3 (June 25, 2015): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/15.14.366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Science teaching emerged due to an attempt to understand the world around us and a sense of wonder at nature and survived until today by means of being supported by new research and findings. The implementation of science in schools is carried out with curriculums. The main purpose of the curriculum of science courses is to train all students in science literacy regardless of their individual differences. According to the educational program of sciences courses, audiovisual aids used in education with a learning objective which is one of these aids is one of the most effective ways to ensure permanent learning. Within this concept the purpose of the study is to determine the opinions of pre-service science teachers about the curriculum of the science lesson based upon the stories in the 3-Idiots movie. In this research, phenomenology research was used. As a data gathering tool, three semi-structured interview questions prepared accordingly to “3- Idiots” movie were used. According to the participants, the science curriculum must be lead in investigating, interrogating, criticising, curiosity and reconnoitering in terms of features that must be acquired for being scientifically literate individuals. Key words: Pre-service science teachers’ perceptions, science, science curriculum, 3-idiots movie.
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Dahal, Babita Devi, and Jayalaxmi Shakya. "Awareness and attitude regarding obstetric fistula among married women." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 10, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v10i3.32045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Awareness towards the maternal condition has great potential to reduce occurrence of life threatening maternal and child illness. Hence, this study aimed to find out the awareness and attitude regarding obstetric fistula among married women.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to find out the awareness and attitude regarding obstetric fistula among 206 married women. Data were collected by using semi structured interview schedule and Likert Scale. Analysis was done by using descriptive statistics.
Results: The age range of the respondents was 15-79 years. Among literate 163, 34.4% attended general education, 75% were married at the age of 15-19 years, 50% had their first baby at the age of 15-19 years, 65.0 % had 1-3 babies, 66.0% had home delivery and postnatal visit was 9.5%. In this study 0.9% respondents were found with obstetric fistula and 60.2% had low level of awareness. Regarding the level of attitude, 50.0% had positive attitude.
Conclusions: The finding concluded that there is low level of awareness and fifty percentages had negative attitude regarding obstetric fistula among married women so there is need of intervntional awareness program in community.
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Viswamohan, Aysha Iqbal. "English in film songs from India: an overview." English Today 27, no. 3 (August 18, 2011): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078411000332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘C-a-t, cat. Cat mane billi; r-a-t, rat mane chooha’ went a song from a Hindi film of the fifties (mane = ‘means’, billi = ‘cat’, chooha = ‘rat’). The song, enormously popular with Indian youth of that generation, was scoffed at by the then contemporary purists who found it hard to accept such ‘blatant’ dilution of the Hindi language. This song, like a few more of its times, was merely an exception to the largely acceptable language of songs, then largely a mix of Hindi, Urdu and Persian. English was, thus, used in songs either when it depicted (literally, since songs are acted out as autonomous scenes in Bollywood) a comic actor in a light-hearted situation or a semi-literate character desperate to accommodate to the urban ways of life. A celebrated song from Gopi, a Hindi film of the early seventies, goes a step forward with its novel coinage. The hero is a rustic who tries to impress his fellow villagers by dressing up in city (read English) style and sings:Gentleman gentleman, gentleman/London se aaya mein ban-than ke……Yeh dekh mera suita/Yeh dekh mera boota/Yeh dekh mera comba
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Zainal Abidin, Husna Zayani, and Maslawati Mohamad. "READING & CULTURE; THE CONNECTION." International Journal of Modern Education 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2019): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijmoe.12005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reading is one of the essential skills needed to be literate. Reading abilities allow learners to gain new information, widen knowledge and improve communication and language skills. However, the education system in Malaysia is still facing the issue of reading incompetency among pupils especially on reading comprehension. This case study aimed to identify the factors that affect reading comprehension ability of Year 3 Orang Asli pupils of the Temuan tribe. The respondents involved five years 3 pupils from a primary school located in Shah Alam, Selangor and one parent for each pupil. They were chosen through purposive sampling based on their background as Orang Asli and their low proficiency level. The research instruments used for this study were field notes, document analysis, and individual semi-structured interviews of the pupils and the parents. The main findings show that the cultural background does contribute to the reading comprehension challenges of the respondents. The implication derived from this study is that teachers need to be made aware of the reasons for reading comprehension challenges among the Orang Asli pupils in order for them to be able to integrate the suitable reading comprehension strategies in the ESL teaching and learning activity.
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James, Angela A. "ICT IN NATURAL SCIENCE FOR EMPOWERMENT: STUDENT WORK OF A DIFFERENCE." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 37, no. 1 (December 15, 2011): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/11.37.59.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1994 the South African democratic government was sworn into power. A new education curriculum was implemented to replace the redundant, racialised apartheid education curriculum. The Department of Education was concerned with developing a skilled and computer literate workforce for the progressive development of the country to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The research question asked in this research is – How can student teachers engage with ICT for the empowerment of disadvantaged (socially and economically deprived) communities? The theoretical framework that underpins this research is empowerment and authentic learning. The participants in this research were two groups of Biological Sciences student teachers who were registered for a research and service-learning module. The data collection methods included a document analysis of the Biological Science programme, the student work (PowerPoint and research report), semi-structured interviews with students and observation of their interaction with the community. The students used ICT in developing and using their knowledge and skills of research and service-learning at the particular placement sites to engage in empowering themselves with the communities. They also used ICT to communicate their findings for the development of themselves and the community. The personal and community empowerment aspects were expressed and discussed. Key words: student teachers, ICT, empowerment, research, service-learning.
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Gömleksiz, Mehmet Nuri, Ayşe Ülkü Kan, and Ümmühan Öner. "Gifted and talented students' perceptions of media literacy (Case of Elazığ Science and Art Center)." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/c2s4m4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Media literacy, which is defined as accessing, analyzing, evaluating and producing media messages in a variety of contexts, has gained importance as media covers every part of our daily life. Individuals are expected to be media literate as well as other kinds of literacy. In this context, the aim of this study is to explore opinions of Science and Art Center students in Elazığ toward media literacy. This is a qualitative study and case study design which is one of the qualitative research methods was adopted. Study group of this research includes 11 gifted and talented students (six female- five male) enrolled at Elazığ Science and Art Center. Data of the study were collected with an interview form including eight semi-structured questions. Totally 11 high school students were interviewed during study process. Descriptive analysis was utilized to analyze the data. Study results revealed that the students had information about media literacy. They mostly used internet, television and cell phones. The students indicated that they watched serials on television. Google is the most used search engine and they frequently use social forums. They complained about false news and harmful web-sites and indicated that they preferred reliable sites. They used social media to communicate with their friends. They demanded to be informed and to gain auto control to save themselves from the harmful sides of media.
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Neupane, Bijaya, Navin Gautam, Mahamad Sayab Miya, Anju Upadhyaya, Yajna Prasad Timilsina, Deepak Gautam, Shalikram Kandel, and Bijaya Dhami. "Socio-Economic Contribution of Zanthoxylum armatum (Timur) in the Rural Household Income of Myagdi District, Nepal." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 21, no. 1 (November 25, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/21/202200175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) contribute to livelihood of rural communities which is influenced by numerous socio-economic variables. This study assessed the financial contribution of Zanthoxylum armatum and the influence of respondents’ various socio-economic characteristics on such contribution in Ghatan of Beni Municipality, Myagdi District, Nepal. For this study, we used semi-structured questionnaires to 80 purposively selected households, followed by 10 key informant interviews, four focus group discussions, and direct field observations. A Pearson correlation matrix was used to determine the dependence of several socio-economic variables on average annual household income from the sale of Z. armatum. The average annual income per household from the sale of Z. armatum was found to be the highest (494 USD) in Brahmin/Chhetri households and the lowest (372 USD) in Dalit households. Among five variables used in the regression model, only three of them: land holding size (khet), time taken to harvest (days), and wealth ranking (rich) were found positively significant with p-values of 0.042, 0.000, and 0.064 respectively. Whereas, the education status of the respondents (literate) and the main income source (agriculture) were found negatively significant with p-values of 0.046 and 0.064, respectively. Furthermore, we believe that this result will help to promote the conservation of Z. armatum and other valuable medicinal plants as well as their sustainable management in the study area and similar areas.
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Kaganzi, Kaiza R., Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Fatuma Mcharazo, Emanuel H. Martin, Robert A. Marchant, and Jessica P. R. Thorn. "Local Perceptions of Climate Change and Adaptation Responses from Two Mountain Regions in Tanzania." Land 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10100999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mountain environments and communities are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Changes in temperature are greater than at lower elevations, which affect the height of the cloud base and local rainfall patterns. While our knowledge of the biophysical nature of climate change in East Africa has increased in the past few years, research on Indigenous farmers’ perceptions and adaptation responses is still lacking, particularly in mountains regions. Semi-structured interviews were administered to 300 farmers on Mount Kilimanjaro (n = 150) and the Udzungwa Mountains (n = 150) in Tanzania across gender and wealth groups. Respondents in both mountains reported not only changes in rainfall and temperature, corresponding with meteorological data, but also a greater incidence of fog, wind, frost, and hailstorms—with impacts on decreased crop yields and increased outbreaks of pests. The most common adaptation strategies used were improved crop varieties and inputs. Wealthier households diversified into horticulture or animal rearing, while poorer households of Hehe ethnicity diversified to labour and selling firewood. Despite being climate change literate and having access to radios, most respondents used Indigenous knowledge to decide on planting dates. Our findings highlight how context and culture are important when designing adaptation options and argue for greater involvement of local stakeholders in adaptation planning using a science-with-society approach. Place-based results offer generalisable insights that have application for other mountains in the Global South.
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Kitema, Gatera Fiston, Priya Morjaria, Wanjiku Mathenge, and Jacqueline Ramke. "The Appointment System Influences Uptake of Cataract Surgical Services in Rwanda." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to investigate barriers and enablers associated with the uptake of cataract surgery in Rwanda, where financial protection is almost universally available. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study where potential participants were adults aged >18 years who accepted an appointment for cataract surgery during the study period (May–July 2019). Information was collected from hospital records and a semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Of the 297 people with surgery appointments, 221 (74.4%) were recruited into the study, 126 (57.0%) of whom had attended their appointment. People more likely to attend their surgical appointment were literate, had fewer than 8 children, had poorer visual acuity, had access to a telephone in the family, received a specific date to attend their appointment, received a reminder, and reported no difficulties walking (95% significance level, p < 0.05). The most commonly reported barriers were insufficient information about the appointment (n = 40/68, 58.8%) and prohibitive indirect costs (n = 29/68, 42.6%). This study suggests that clear communication of appointment information and a subsequent reminder, together with additional support for people with limited mobility, are strategies that could improve uptake of cataract surgery in Rwanda.
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Singh, Amarjeet. "A Pilot Study on the Impact of Interventions provided to Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) in a Government Multi-specialty Hospital, Chandigarh." Epidemiology International 06, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is reported to be a major health problem worldwide. This study aims to ascertain the impact of all the treatments of KOA patients received in a hospital in Chandigarh. Methodology: A Government multi-specialty hospital in Chandigarh was purposively selected as the study area. For data collection, a semi-structured interview schedule was used. All literate patients with KOA diagnosis who had undergone a minimum of 3 months of therapy and who visited the hospital in the study period were included in the study. Results: Overall, 46 patients were contacted. The majority (72%) of the patients were female. Patients presented with multiple clinical symptoms; 65% of the patients scored 4 on the Faces Pain Scale. Some (27.5%) of the patients reported KOA in the first three months of the onset of symptoms. The majority (57.5%) of the total patients consulted a doctor within the first three months of the appearance of KOA. Many (47.5%) patients showed improvement in the signs and symptoms after the interventions. Conclusion: A majority of KOA patients were female. Consultation lag was present within the first three months in most of the cases. The interventions provided improvement in the signs and symptoms in many patients.
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Shakya, J. "Determinants of newborn care at home among the parents attending maternal and child health clinic in maternity hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16653.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maternal and child health reveals the basic status of women and child in Nepal. High Infant Mortality rate and Neonatal Mortality rates reveal the inadequate health care delivery and inadequate knowledge and practice of traditional birthing practice and newborn care at home in rural areas. This study was conducted to identify the various determining factors affecting care of the newborn babies at home. A convenient purposive sampling technique was used for the purpose. The leaflets regarding newborn care and common health problems and their management were also distributed to the parents as they needed. The data were collected from 100 parents attending MCH clinic Maternity Hospital, Thapathali by using the semi structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice related to care and common health problems of the newborn baby. The obtained data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean value, standard deviation and calculation of P value. This study revealed that the majority (88%) of the literate respondents were from the urban area. 71.42% of the respondents had knowledge about the management of difficulty breathing at home delivery situation. All the respondents fed colostrum and 86% of them had their baby exposed to sun in the morning for about 1-2 hours and 57% had knowledge of common health problems like poor sucking, eye infection and cord infection. The scoring of the knowledge shows that 33% of respondents had adequate knowledge and only 9% had inadequate knowledge of care of the newborn. On the practice side, 33% of the respondents had inadequate practice and only 15 % had adequate practice. Among the respondents of SLC/campus level 68% had the practice of bath on the 2nd day after birth and 64% of the respondents who were literate/ primary level had practiced of bath to their baby immediately after birth. There is statistically significant association between education level and practice of giving bath, (P Value=0.003). Development of leaflets regarding information of care of the newborn and common heath problems and their management at home situation were necessary to prepare and provide information to the parents.
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Chinaka, Taurayi Willard, and Zanele Mary-Jane Qwabe. "Exploring physical sciences learners’ graphical interpretation of rate and extent of reaction graphs." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 18, no. 1 (January 21, 2023): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v18i1.7002.
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Graphs are very important in all areas of science, and they are an essential part of tertiary, high school, and primary school learning, worldwide. A solid understanding of graphical interpretation is essential for understanding today's world and becoming scientifically literate. The aim of this study was to explore grade 12 learners’ graphical interpretation of the rate and extent of reaction topic. A mixed-method methodology was adopted for this study. A purposive sampling technique was used to sample participants from the accessible population in King Cetshwayo District KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. One-hundred and forty-six (146) grade 12 Physical Sciences learners formed the sample. A validated two-tier diagnostic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 25 and inductive coding was used to qualitative data. The Johnstone triangle and the Peircean semiotic modes were employed as the theoretical framework. The findings indicated that learners rely on definitions to interpret graphs. Most of the learners failed to interpret the salient features of the graphs. The findings of this study are diagnostic, and they assist module designers and educators in determining challenges learners face when interpreting graphs in chemistry. Implications for instructional approaches particular to the rate of reaction graphs are discussed. Further studies are needed on instructional practices and their effect on students’ ability to interpret rate and extent of reaction graphs. Keywords: Graphical interpretation; rate and extent of reaction; Johnstone triangle
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Bulcha, Gadisa Melkamu, and Kebebush Zepre. "Ethnobotanical Study on Assessment of Indigenous Knowledge on Traditional Plant Medicine Use among People of Wonchi District in Southwest Shewa Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia." International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, no. 74 (September 2, 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijhms.74.87.97.
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Incomplete coverage of the modern medical system, shortage of pharmaceuticals, and unaffordable prices of modern drugs, make the majority of Ethiopians still depend on traditional plant medicine. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the current status of indigenous knowledge of traditional plant medicine used among communities of Won chi District. Method: A total of 198 informants (27 key and 171 general) were selected purposively based on the availability of key informants and vegetation richness of the District. semi-structured interview, observation, and guided field walk with informants were data collection methods. Ethnobotanical scoring and ranking methods like informant consensus, paired-wise comparison, and preference ranking were used to analyze the collected data. The findings were displayed using tables and figures. Result: A total of 93 medicinal plant species were identified. Out of these,50 species (53.76%)were noted to treat only human ailments, 3(2.23%) species were used to treat livestock ailments and the rest 40 (43.01%) were used to treat both. Nearly two-thirds of the study participants have good knowledge about traditional plant medicine use. most medicinal plants were reported by elders (94.62%) than younger age group, traditional medicinal plant healers almost know all (96.77%), regarding religion waqefata (60.21%) know than other religion. More medicinal plants were reported by males (86.02%)than females, while regarding educational status illiterate (61.29%)know and mention more Medicinal plants than literate. Therefore, all stakeholders should work together in changing the current situation in order to sustainably benefit from traditional plant medicine.
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Gebrezihar, Teklemariam Abadi, Zemeda Desta, and Hadush Hagos. "Assessing Factors Affecting Moringa Production at North-western Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia." Agricultural Science 2, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): p17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p17.
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Moringa is a highly valued plant that is mostly grown in arid and semi-arid areas which used for food, medication and industrial purposes. This study investigates the factors affecting Moringa plant cultivation among farmers in Northern Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to collect data from 54 farmers using questionnaire. Data were analysed using the descriptive statistics. The study identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the sampled respondents. Literate farmers were better in cultivation of Moringa plant than the illiterate one. It also reveals that land size were not the limiting factor for Moringa cultivation in the study area. This study shows that though farmers utilize Moringa, but still there is lack of knowledge on production, utilization, nutritional and economic importance of the plant. Of the total sampled 46.3% of the respondents used Moringa for human consumption. While compared to the proportion who cultivates Moringa it is relatively low. This low utilization of Moringa in the area attributed due to limited or no awareness on nutritional importance of Moringa and lack of knowledge on preparation of the Moringa utilization. The farmers mentioned that the main constraints that hinder Moringa cultivation is lack of awareness, lack of seedling availability, easily damageable by animals and attacked by termites. Based on the findings; this study recommends that the respective districts, other stakeholders and projects should take responsibilities in creating awareness regarding benefits and utilization process of the plant and offering Moringa seedlings to the society.
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Teixeira, Luciane Batista, Carla Ledi Korndörfer, Patrícia Cunha Gonzaga Silva, Janaína Alvarenga Aragão, Maria Fátima Guimarães Cruz, Márcia Percília Moura Parente, Antonia Marina Jesus Oliveira, and Luciano Silva Figueirêdo. "EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E A PEDAGOGIA DA ALTERNÂNCIA EM UMA ESCOLA FAMÍLIA AGRÍCOLA." COLLOQUIUM HUMANARUM 19, no. 1 (November 17, 2022): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ch.2022.v19.h534.
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This work sought to investigate how the teaching of Sciences in Rural Education was constituted within the scope of the Escola Família Agrícola (EFA) project, through the instruments of the Pedagogy of Alternation. The EFA is located in the municipality of São Lourenço do Piauí and operates on an alternating basis, students spend 15 days at school and 15 days in the community where they live, a routine that is inspired by the guiding principles of the Pedagogy of Alternation. As for the methodology, a qualitative-quantitative approach was developed, also counting on the documentary and ethnographic method. Materials were consulted, including official documents that contribute to the understanding of the functioning of the EFA. In the field data collection, a version was used as a basic instrument for the Scientific Literacy Test (TACB), applied to students. For the monitors, in addition to the TACB, a semi-structured form was used to outline their profile. The results revealed that, of the 38 students in the 3rd year of the Integrated High School Technical Course in Agriculture and Animal Science, only 11 (28,9%) could be considered scientifically literate, while 27 (71,1%) didn´t reach the minimum number of hits in the three axes. The research carried out in this work indicated that the students´ results were unsatisfactory in relation to the Simplified Basic Scientific Literacy (TACB-S), which implies the quality of science teaching in this EFA.
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Vratuša-Žunjić, Vera. "A century and a half since Lenin's birth: Relevance of Lenin's 'State and revolution' for the theoretical preparation of Bolsheviks to politically organize the new wave of creative revolutionary praxis of the working masses on the eve of the October revolution." Socioloski pregled 54, no. 4 (2020): 1068–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg54-29706.
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This paper examines the relevance of Lenin's theoretical work State and Revolution for the preparation of Bolsheviks to politically organize the new wave of creative revolutionary praxis of the working masses on the eve of the October 1917 Revolution in Russia, 150 years after the birth of the most influential Marxist of the XX century and inspiration of potential revolutionaries in the XXI century. The basic method used in this paper is the analysis of the main aspects of Lenin's State and Revolution content and placement of this analysis within the context of the historically specific social and economic circumstances of the time in which Lenin finished writing it in the summer and autumn of 1917. The main finding of this analysis is that Lenin's State and Revolution is the most relevant for the preparation of the Bolsheviks for the political organization of the new wave of revolutionary praxis of the working masses on the eve of the October 1917 revolution in Russia. In this work Lenin clarified both to himself and to his party comrades the revolutionary program of smashing the exploiting and oppressing bourgeois state as well as invention and organization of the new communal social form of semi-state withering away, without a standing army, police or bureaucracy, in which all literate citizens could take part in the administration of the common social problems.
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Verma, Arti, Shailendra Singh Chaudhary, Manisha Madhukar Nagergoje, Iqbal Aqeel Khan, Saroj Singh, and Sarvesh Awasthi. "Preferences and Practices regarding Delivery Place: A community-based cross-sectional study in Agra city, Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i03.016.
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Background: Understanding preferences and practices for delivery place among women would assist in better resource utilization for skilled attendants. Objectives: To study factors influencing women’s preference and practice regarding their place of delivery. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Agra from 1st October 2018 to 31st October 2020. Multi-stage random sampling was used. Data was collected using semi-structured interview schedule. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis was done. Result: Majority (72.67%) of women had preference for delivery at government hospital while 19.67% for private hospital and only 7.67% for home. In actual practice, 58.33% had delivered at government hospital and 32.33% delivered at private hospital while 9.33 % at home. On multiple-logistic regression analysis, parity found to have significant association with preference of delivery at government hospital. Preference for delivery in private hospital was found to be significant with OBC caste and in women whose husband has skilled/highly-skilled occupation. In actual practice, Government hospital as delivery place found to have significant association with parity and presence of ASHA. Private hospital as a delivery place found significant with literate mothers and parity. Conclusion: Majority had preferred and practiced institutional delivery, preferring government hospital over private hospital. In actual practice, delivery at private hospital as well as home delivery out-numbered the preferred proportion.
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Pratolo, Bambang Widi, and Hana Amri Solikhati. "Investigating teachers’ attitude toward digital literacy in EFL classroom." Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v15i1.15747.
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Digital literacy has been a major concern for people involved in education sectors including students, teachers and policy makers. Thus, to make the education in this era more effective to help reach the goals, English teachers should be digitally more literate. The aims of this study are; 1) to find out how the digital literacy was implemented; 2) to determine teachers’ attitude in implementing the digital literacy; 3) to scrutinize the challenges; and 4) the actions they took to cope with them. Employing a qualitative research method, this study used a semi-structured interview and classroom observation to collect the data from two EFL teachers at a junior high school in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia as the subjects. The data were then identified, categorized, organized, coded, described and reported following the thematic analysis. The findings showed that they used computer and smartphone to search for digital information. The teachers exhibited positive attitudes in the use of digital literacy for EFL teaching. They used syllabus as a major consideration, understood their position as teachers, developed effective teaching, implemented multiple literacy and improved the four language skills. However, issues related to lack of technology, students’ background, lack of time and limited budget were acknowledged as hindrances in digital literacy implementation. As a strategy, teachers have therefore developed an early planning and support plan to deal with these challenges. Finally, this study suggests the need to develop teachers' technical facilities, technological pedagogy, and policy makers to give digital literacy more attention.
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K., Chethana, Manjula Anil, and Maria Nelliyanil. "Antenatal service utilization among women in South India: a community based cross sectional study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200884.
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Background: Antenatal period is important for identifying pregnancy related threats and antenatal care (ANC) is one of the most effective health interventions during this period. It provides a unique opportunity for screening and diagnosis, health promotion and disease prevention. This study assessed the antenatal service utilization pattern and its determinants among women.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of a teaching hospital in Mangalore. Study included 142 women who had delivered in the last one year in the study area, selected using snowball sampling method. A pretested semi-structured validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Predictors of full ANC were identified using univariate analysis and explanatory variables were entered into multivariate regression model to obtain the adjusted odds ratios to find the association between full ANC coverage and its determinants.Results: Among the participants, 99.3% registered their pregnancy and 78.9% had early registration. Majority, 91.5% had minimum antenatal visits, 83.1% consumed iron and folic acid supplements for more than three months and tetanus toxoid (TT) coverage was 98.6%. Full ANC coverage was found to be 81% and unadjusted analysis showed higher odds of full ANC coverage among housewives, primiparous, women in joint family and among literates. However, multi variable analysis revealed literacy as the major determinant of full ANC.Conclusions: In the present study, majority of the women had adequate antenatal care utilization. Full antenatal coverage was found to be statistically significant among literate women.
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Abdulfatai, Ismail, and Husein Osman Abdullahi . "Challenges of Using ICT in assessing and Developing Students’ affective Domain in Education." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v5i3.162.
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ICT is becoming an inevitable tool in education nowadays. For any academic activities to be effective, the use of ICT is imperative. There are also a lot of benefits and improvement that ICT has brought to the field of education. These benefits and development cut across all spheres of education, such as the aspect of content, instruction and evaluation. In area of evaluation, the cognitive and psychomotor aspects of evaluation are mostly developed, based on the fact that both can be easily accessed through ICT. However, in the aspect of affective domain, the level of assessment is low and not absolutely reliable because it deals with the feelings, interest and values that learner attached to the subject matter. Hence, this study aimed at finding an effective way that ICT can be used to assess students’ affective domain in the process of evaluation. In order to get in-depth understanding of the subject matter, the study employs qualitative design by using semi-structured interview to elicit information from specialists in the field of communication technology. Findings from the study indicate that the use of ICT to evaluate student affective domain requires an illustrious, diligent, and enthusiastic ICT literate teacher. Equally, there is a need to develop software that will focus more on the evaluation of students’ affective domain. Meanwhile, this area that will develop students’ soft skills is greatly needed to produce good citizens, employees, and government of their individual community.
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Musa, Nighat, Yasir Mehmood, and Asghar Khan. "Frequency of Anxiety and Its Risk Factors Among Working & Non-Working Women of Peshawar." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.4-2.16.
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OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of anxiety & its risk factors among working and non-working women.
METHODOLOGY: Study design was descriptive observational. The study duration was seven months (June – December 2016). It was a community based study.Sample size for this study was calculated on 52% prevalence of anxiety Pakistan. A total of 400 women were selected (200 working and 200 non-working women). A semi structured questionnaire was used along with Taylor manifest anxiety scale as study tool. Data was presented in the form of tables and graphs.
RESULTS:The frequency of anxiety was 58%. Anxiety was more among working women than non-working women. Most of the women were literate 65.5%. Majority of the women having anxiety were living in nuclear family. The age group most effected was between 21-35 years (67%), 58% were married, single were 34% and 8% were either divorced or widow. Approximately 58% of women with anxiety had less than 2 children and 42% were having more than 2 children. Approximately 88% women with anxiety belonged from low and middle income group having less than 20,000/-PKR and 20,001-50,000/-PKR household income respectively. Only 12% belonged from high group having more than 50,001/- PKR.Conclusions: Anxiety is more common among working women. Married women living in nuclear family system, being single, young age group between 21-35 years, less than 2 children and low household income were the key risk factors.
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Chawla, Bharti, Sumit Chawla, Shashikantha S. K., Harpreet Kaur, Shashi Kumar, and Satish Aggarwal. "Take a stand against ageism: quality of life among elderly in a rural area of Himachal Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3582. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183102.
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Background: Quality of life (QOL) among elderly is an important area of concern which reflects the health status and well-being of this vulnerable population. The WHOQOL-BREF contains a total of 26 questions which measures QOL is being used in this study.Methods: It is a community based observational study with cross-sectional design carried out on 100 elderly (60+year age) in a rural area of Solan district using pre-designed, pretested and semi-structured interview schedule, which is based on WHOQOL-BREF standard quality of life questionnaire. Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis using SPSS software.Results: Majority 60% of the subjects were in the age group of 60-70 years, 62% of them were males and 38% of them were females. The mean score value of physical domain, psychological growth, social relations and environment domain among the subjects was found to be 52.50±10.56, 52.86±13.25, 61.15±16.06 and 63.92±11.10 respectively. The mean score of all four domains was found higher among age group 60-70 than age group >70 and It was statistically significant in social domain with p value of 0.017. By gender, mean score of all four individual domains was found higher among males as compared to females but this difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The overall quality of life was poor among the study subjects. The subjects who were illiterate, unmarried/widow/widower/divorced/separated, belonged to nuclear family had poor quality of life compared to those who were literate married and belonged to joint family. Males had comparatively better quality of life compared to females in the study area.
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Girdhar, Sangeeta, Anurag Chaudhary, Nahush R. Bansal, Prabhleen Kaur, and Amanat Grewal. "Epidemiological correlates of adherence to anti-hypertensive treatment in primary health care setting of Ludhiana, Punjab." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222026.
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Background: There is an increasing burden of hypertension in India. The complications arising from hypertension mainly occur due to non-adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Adherence to pharmacotherapy for hypertension varies from 43-88%. Various socio-demographic factors influence non-adherence. This study determined adherence to treatment among hypertensives and factors associated with non-adherence.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on hypertensive patients visiting OPD of an institutional urban health centre. A predesigned semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic profile, treatment-seeking behavior, adherence to medications, and lifestyle risk factors (smoking, intake of alcohol, junk food, and high salt diet) was applied. Reasons for non-adherence were also explored. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 version.Results: A total of 186 individuals: 113 females (60.8%) and 73 males (39.2%), participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 60.9±10.7 years. Adherence to anti-hypertensive treatment was witnessed in 68.3% of patients. The adherence was noticed significantly (p=0.001) more in literate than illiterate subjects. Further, the adherence was lower among smokers (25%) and alcohol consumers (43.75%) as compared to non-users (70.22% and 73.37%, respectively; p<0.01). Discontinuation of medicine on feeling well, forgetfulness, and unawareness were predominant reasons for skipping medications.Conclusions: Non-adherence to the anti-hypertensives significantly adds to the disease burden. A deeper understanding of factors responsible for the non-adherence plays a pivotal role in addressing this issue and improving quality of life. Intensive health education and counseling of the patients is the need of the hour.
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Baltag, Victoria. "Humour in Film as a Method of Expression." Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies 3, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v3i3.205.
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Living in a social world, we experience feelings and react to others’ feelings as they appear to us. For instance, we have all smiled since we were babies. The first “genuine” social smile typically occurs sometime between weeks 6 and 8, as a response to recognizing someone very special: Mom or Dad (Kail, V., Robert & Cavanaugh, John C., 2019). We see, we are happy, we smile. We are born with the desire to be happy.
Humankind has searched for different revelations of happiness, and this is how humour was born. From ancient times to the present day, humour has been an instrument of communication, a social behaviour that is an integral part of mass media and social interaction. Humour provides a reciprocal influence. It is a way to interpret information as well as a specific media that can be used to convey this information. What happens to the media once it is "infected" by humour? Does humour necessarily satisfy the need for entertainment? Can humour have a "serious face"? Is it true that "Humour is always a monopoly of the semi-literate" (McLuhan, 2016)?
This essay will explore the above-mentioned topics from the perspective of the humour applied in motion pictures, during the interwar era. It will specifically discuss the genre of satire using as a case study the humour found in Latin America during that time as evidenced in the movie Tararira, the film of Benjamin Fondane produced by Falma Film in Buenos Aires in 1936.
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Kiwanuka, Rebecca N. L., and Charles Machethe. "Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Participation in Zambian Dairy Sector’s Interlocked Contractual Arrangements." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p230.
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<p>Linking smallholder farmers to modern value chains through contract agriculture (CA) is one of the rural development strategies being promoted to address the challenge of smallholders’ integration in markets. However, the conditions under which CA enhances smallholders’ prospects for inclusion in modern value chains is still debatable. This paper examines the determinants of smallholders’ participation in Zambian dairy markets through interlocked contractual arrangements (ICAs). A multi-stage sampling design was used to select 266 households from milk shed areas from three districts in Lusaka and Central provinces of Zambia. A double-hurdle model was estimated from data collected through semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Key determinants of smallholders’ participation in ICAs included ownership of improved breed animals, MCC milk price, access to dairy marketing information, income from other sources and landholding size. While most of these factors also affected the proportion of milk sold, the following were also important: household head education level, cattle rearing culture, extent of supplier’s dependency on buyer and trust in the exchange relationship. To enhance smallholders’ market participation, there is need to facilitate their access to extension services, infrastructure (breeding centres, MCCs and water) and affordable stock feed, and to offer them an effective milk price that is higher than the spot market price. Promotion efforts should target smallholders that are literate, from a cattle rearing culture, and particularly encourage youth and women participation. There is also need for building trust in the exchange relationship and judicious use of power by processors.</p>
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Nuttman, Sonia, Rebecca Patrick, and Mardie Townsend. "Addressing food insecurity in Australia through education for sustainability." Health Promotion International 35, no. 6 (January 3, 2020): 1601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz119.
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Abstract Within Australia food insecurity affects an estimated 4 million people annually. Health promotion degrees traditionally prepare pre-service graduates to address food insecurity from a social determinants perspective, little consideration of integrating ecological determinants, however, has been noted. This is a significant problem considering unprecedented environmental challenges facing future food production. Education for sustainability (EfS) is purported to develop graduates who can respond to significant sustainability issues in the 21st century. This study examined the potential for health promotion degrees to utilize EfS to address food insecurity through an ecological lens. The study also illustrates why it might be valuable for academics to use such an approach. Semi-structured interviews with 15 Australian health and sustainability academics and document analysis of 26 associated teaching units was undertaken. Thematic analysis informed the data analysis process to provide meaning and insight into emerging themes. Academics were unaware of EfS or its potential for developing ecologically literate graduates. A lack of university commitment towards sustainability and knowledge and skills to implement EfS were identified as potential barriers. Academics, however, were ascribing to the central tenets used in EfS such as interdisciplinary thinking and reflective practice, demonstrating its potential use in health promotion. EfS, as a framework for incorporating an ecological perspective into health promotion degrees has not been fully realized. This study suggests capacity building of academics with regard to the use of EfS as an approach within health promotion degrees to address significant sustainability issues in the 21st century, such as food insecurity.
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Legodi, Kole, and Matshidiso Kanjere. "The Challenges Faced by Informal Traders in Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i4.98.
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Informal trade has grown at an alarming rate in South Africa because of lack of employment opportunities in both the private and public sectors. This has resulted in many unemployed members of the population joining the informal business sector. The majority of people in this sector do not have skills that are needed in the formal employment sector, others are semi-literate and a small percentage has some level of qualification. Nevertheless, this sector is plagued by a number of challenges which this article presents. The article reports on the study that was conducted at Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province. The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges that were faced by informal traders in Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province in South Africa. The area was chosen because of its accessibility to the researchers and its potential to provide relevant and accurate information for the research project. Thus, a qualitative research method was used to collect data through face to face interviews. The research discovered that some of the challenges experienced by the informal traders in the area ranged from lack of support from the local municipality to structural challenges like lack of ablution facilities and limited access to electricity. Furthermore, other challenges concerned safety and health issues that were also gender based. Most of the traders in the area were women; an element which attest to the fact that it is difficult to find employment in the country when one is less educated and is also a woman.
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Koirala, N., and S. P. Kafle. "Demographic and Clinical Profile of Women Attending Genetic Clinic for Prenatal Invasive Testing at a Tertiary Referral Center, India." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v19i3.49709.
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Background The Prenatal Invasive Tests (PIT) are used during pregnancy for the detection of genetic anomalies. Studies addressing the profile of women who come to seek prenatal invasive testing are scarce.
Objective To assess the socio-demographic characteristics and clinical profile of women who are referred for prenatal invasive testing in a tertiary referral center in India.
Method A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken in 60 women who came to the genetic clinic at a tertiary referral center, New Delhi, India following counseling regarding prenatal invasive testing. Data was collected using a self-developed and validated semi-structured questionnaire, administered after the counseling for the test by the counselor. Data were analyzed using mean, percentage, standard deviation and range.
Result The majority of the women were from urban residences and all of them were literate. Nearly half of the women were in the age group 21-30 years. Mean gestational age was 19.24 ± 2.63 weeks and most were pregnant for the second time. The main reasons for referral were advanced maternal age and abnormal obstetric ultrasonography. The participant’s understanding of the test was still incomplete despite the counseling and there was a need for additional counseling/information. One-third of them preferred additional counseling whereas, the remaining twothirds preferred booklets and pamphlets.
Conclusion The profiles of pregnant women referred to genetic clinic provide better insight about their background for the health personnel and this study emphasizes rechecking the understanding regarding invasive tests following counseling; which eventually helps for appropriate decision making regarding the tests.
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Ranabhat, Mina Kumari, and Basanta Thapa. "Factors influencing utilization of cervical cancer screening services among married women in community, Chitwan." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v7i3.23693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting women globally. It is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh overall. The morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer can be highly reduced through vaccination against human papilloma virus, regular screening and timely intervention. The objective of this study was to find out the factors influencing utilization of cervical cancer screening services among married women aged 30-60 of Bharatpur Sub-Metropolitan 19, Chitwan. A community based descriptive cross sectional research design was used, 175 married women were selected using simple random sampling technique. Semi- structured interview schedule was used to collect the data within four weeks. The collected data was entered in Epi data 3.1 and exported to IBM SPSS version 20. Out of 175 women, 42.3% of the respondents were of 30-39 years, 72% were literate, 18.9% had good level of awareness of cervical cancer screening, 44% had utilized cervical cancer screening services and 77.9% of the respondents had done screening only one time. The association showed between utilization of cervical cancer screening services such as duration of marriage (p=0.025), involvement in cervical cancer awareness programme (p=<0.001), fear (p=0.007), shyness (p=<0.001), preference of sex of health personnel (p=0.016), time to reach nearest screening center (p=0.024) and need of cervical cancer screening without any problems of cervix (p=<0.001).
Multivariate analysis showed that association between utilization of cervical cancer screening services such as duration of marriage 3.036 times, fear 2.992 times, shyness 3.335 times and need of cervical cancer screening without any problems of cervix 30.720 times more likely to utilize cervical cancer screening services.
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V., Pragadeesh Raja, Muthukumar T., and Kalaivani A. "Assessment of knowledge and perception of rain water harvesting among rural population of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Water is a fundamental need for human being, animals and plants to live in the world for drinking and sanitation purpose. The main source of water is rain, and surface water also originates from rain only rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rain water in surface (or above the ground natural or man-made structures) or in under-ground aquifers (the under-ground water table), before it is lost as surface run-off. Objective of the study was to assess the awareness and the perception about rain water harvesting in rural population of Tamil Nadu.Methods: A community based cross sectional Study conducted among population of residence, Sembakkam, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. The study duration from June 2019 to July 2019. Data collected through semi structured questionnaire from participants. Data collected was entered in Microsoft (MS) office excel and analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: In the education status of study population, 75.5% (151) are literate and followed by 24.5% (49) were illiterate. In socioeconomic status most of them from class IV, 36.5% (73) and class III, 33% (66). 90.5% (181) are not have rainwater harvesting their houses, most of them 50.5% are answered financial issues to construct the rainwater harvesting followed by 21.5% they don’t know where to approach.Conclusions: An increasing number of population will soon increase the demand for water consumption. Rainwater harvesting which offers a lot of benefits not just for the users, but also to the government and environment, is a suitable alternative that could minimize the anticipated water supply crisis.
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Ahmad, Faiyaz. "Socio-demographic and Health Profile of Schedule Castes of Patna, Vaishali and Nalanda Bihar, India." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 07, no. 01 (March 31, 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Patna and peripheral districts (Nalanda and Vaishali) have some dominated area of SC and ST population but the distribution and demographic details of these areas are not properly documented. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the status of the scheduled castes of Patna, with respect to size of the population, sex ratio, literacy level, marital status, occupation and income. Methodology: A pre-tested questionnaire containing information about demographic particulars like caste, age, gender, educational qualification, occupation and monthly income was administered through Mobile health care OPDs under the SCSP. Survey was conducted between the years 2018-2020. These data are shown to be suitable for evaluating the impact of demographic and socio-economic elements on regular health examinations. Result: The analysis of data clearly indicates that there were significant differences with the age group 13-20, 21-30 and >60, caste, with religion of Hindu and Muslim, educational status regarding semi-literate and graduate or above, Mizaj, diet habit and there were no significant differences with respect to gender, religion and addiction behaviour are noticed. By presenting the methods used in this survey and by describing the enquiries mentioned in the dataset, this article aims to promote data-collecting methodologies that can help policy-makers and health communicators derive practical conclusions. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is significant difference in the age group of SC population. While there were no significant differences with respect to gender, religion and addiction behaviour was noticed. Most of the SC population belongs to balghami temperament and most preferred food habit of them is mixed mostly.
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Satyanarayana, Pradeep Tarikere, and Lokesh Kabbalu Chikkegowda. "Hypertension and QOL among rural elderly." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 4718. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Aging is a natural phenomenon and quality of life among elderly gets compromised. The biggest killers among old age are heart disease and stroke and greatest cause of morbidity are sensory abilities, Diabetes and depression. The life of elderly gets compromised when they start facing problems to fulfil basic requirements such as social relations; personal care, nutrition and accommodation added to old age health problems.Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study from June to September 2017 and study duration was for 3 months. Sample size calculated was 201 and was rounded off to 230. Snowball sampling technique was used. Data regarding socio-demographic profile and morbidity status was collected using semi structured questionnaire. QOL was assessed using WHO QOL OLD Questionnaire after informed consent. All those aged above 60 years were included in the study and those who are chronically sick and beds ridden were excluded from the study. Data were entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS v22. Level of significance was defined with p value less than 0.05. Mean and standard deviation were calculated and to compare between various group Independent t test applied.Results: Among 231 study participants, 122 (48.8%) belonged to 60-65 years age group, 126 (54.5%) were females, 130 (56.3%) were illiterates and 119 (51.6%) were completely dependent financially on family members, 97 (41.9%) were Hypertensive. Statistically significant difference was found in AUT domain where non-hypertensives had higher scores. Male hypertensives comparatively had better scores; literate hypertensives had better scores compared to illiterate hypertensives in SAB, AUT, PPF, INT domains.Conclusions: Hypertension affects the quality of life and age, marital status, education also has some effect on the QOL in elderly stressing the importance of addressing the issues in regular clinics.
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Pandirajan, Shivashankari, V. Pragadeesh Raja, Jasmine Maruthupandiyan, and Kalaivani Annadurai. "Assessment of awareness about plastic pollution and attitude regarding plastic bags usage among rural population of Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202461.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Plastic, although a simple synthetic polymer consisting of small molecules (monomers) linked together in a repetitive formation, is extremely versatile; with properties ranging from, resistance to corrosion, light weight, high strength, transparency, low toxicity to durability. The plastic used for domestic purpose nearly 500 billion plastic bags used each year.2 It is the slow poisoning to human health, animals and also the environment. Some years before plastic usage was few purposes only, over the past 60 years, plastics production and waste have dramatically increased, now days everyone using single use plastic bags for all use including cooked food packing, storage of drinking water and even storage of vegetables. The objective of this to assess the awareness regarding plastic pollution and to assess the attitude regarding plastic bag usage.Methods: A Community based cross sectional Study conducted among the population of residence, Sembakkam, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. The study duration between June to July 2019. Data collected through semi structured questionnaire from participants. Data Collected was entered in MS office excel and analyzed in SPSS version 21.Results: In the study, 67.5% (135) are males and 32.5% (65) are females. Mean age of the participants is 48.22 years (±14. 14). 86.5% (173) are literate and 13.5% (27) illiterate. In the study, participants 71% (142) answered plastic will cause health problem to animals and 24.5% (49) are not aware about health problem due to plastic. At the disposal of plastic 31% (62) replied burning of plastic which is followed by recycling the plastic 28% (56) (p<0.05) is the correct way of disposal. The majority of the participants, 90.5% (181) are supporting the banning of plastics and 5.5% (11) are not supporting the banning.Conclusions: Plastic usage has become a part of daily life, leading to the countless dumping of plastics. This in turn causes along with the environmental hazards, health hazards to both the humans and animals. The best recommendation is to reduce and reuse the daily usage of plastics. Strict Political and Administrative rules should be implemented and monitored.
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Dahal, Padam Kanta. "People’s perception and behaviour towards reuse of wastewater in Dhulikhel, Nepal." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10524.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wastewater may be chemically polluted and / or biologically contaminated. Haphazard disposal of untreated from households as well as institutions and industry is causing severe deterioration of water bodies in many urban areas in the developing world. Most cities do not have adequate systems for the collection and treatment of and this is usually not considered to be a priority for investment. Wastewater treatment and its proper utilization is one of the main targets of the latest context. The main objective of the study was to assess the perception and behavior of the farmer towards use of treated water, in their farmlands, from the Dhulikhel Hospital wastewater treatment plant. This was a cross sectional descriptive study. The people residing on the peripheral site of the treatment plant were purposively taken as the sample population. Considering the confounding and allowable error, the sample size was calculated by using the formula n = Z2PQ/E2. In order to gather the information, semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the total 107 respondents. The collected data were coded and entered in EPI-Info, edited in excel and analyzed in SPSS software version 16. Three villages (Chaukot, Kharpur and Vendole) of the Dhulikhel Municipality were selected purposively for the study. Among 107 respondents, 47.6% were from the Chaukot, 35.50% from Kharpur and 16.80% from Vendole. The mean age of the respondents was 44 years. Among the respondent 27% were literate and 73% illiterate. Most of the respondents were Hindu. Along with the water from the treatment plant other sources such as supply line (92.5%), ponds (6.5%) were used by the respondents and remaining 1% purchases it. People’s perception regarding the reuse of water was not found satisfactory as they consider that the water from treatment plant was detrimental to health and also believe that it decreases the agricultural production. Skin disease and typhoid fever were the most prevalent water related problem faced by the respondents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10524 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 137-142
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Asma, MN Fahmida, Fouzia Yesmin, and Musarrat Haque. "Morbidity Pattern among the Elderly People in a Selected Rural Area." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 12, no. 1 (January 24, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v12i1.51615.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Ageing is an inevitable process with some specific and distinctive health problems. With increase in life expectancy the elderly population is increasing day by day, so is the concern for the different aspects of their health problems. Objectives: The present study was conducted to find out the proportion of morbidity and morbidity pattern among the elderly population (60 years and above) of a selected rural area of Bangladesh.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted from January, 2019 to April, 2019. Two hundred and twenty one elderly people from Kaliakoir Upazilla under the district of Gazipur were interviewed. Data were collected by face to face interview through an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. The study place was selected conveniently and the sampling technique was purposive type of non-probability sampling.
Results: Out of 221 respondents 91% (201) had morbidity of any kind related to their health. Common forms of morbidities were musculoskeletal problems (50.3%), hypertension (43.8%), PUD and hyperacidity (27.4%), diabetes mellitus (21.4%) and respiratory problems (19.4%). The mean age of the respondents in this study was 64.97 (± 6.120) years. Maximum proportion (55.2%) belonged to the age group of 60 to 64 years. Among the total 221 respondents 55.7% were female and 44.3% were male. Morbidity among the males was 88.8% and among the females was 92.7%.Most (86.4%) of the respondents were Muslims. Majority (81%) of the respondents was married and only 19% were widow/ers. Fifty five percent of the respondents were literate having different levels of education. The most common occupation among the males was farmer (40%) and among the females was housewife (51.1%).The mean monthly family income was Tk.18,800(±Tk.19210.336) and majority (53.8%) belonged to middle income group (Tk.10001 to Tk.30000). Most (53.8%) of the respondents lived in joint family. Fifty two percent lived in semi pucca house, 78.7% used tube wells as their source of drinking water but unexpectedly 18.6% still used non-sanitary latrines. Out of 201 morbid respondents majority (60.2%) were diagnosed by MBBS doctors and 60.7% were diagnosed in government hospitals. Most (86.6%) of the respondents took some sort of treatment and 10% did not take any treatment. Remaining 3.5% took partial treatment. Most common form of treatment taken by the respondents was medicine (87.4%). Majority (60%) of 20 respondents who did not take any kind of treatment was due to poverty and rest 40% was due to negligence.
Conclusion: To build up awareness and to explore the situation in detail, in-depth community based epidemiological study may be carried out.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2020, Vol.12(1); 27-32
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Hossain, Md Tufael, and Sultana Sobnam Dipu. "Health Problems of Under-five Children in a Rural Area of Mymensingh District, Bangladesh." Community Based Medical Journal 11, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v11i1.60266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to determine health problems of under-five children in a selected rural area of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh. This study was done on the background that the document about community prevalence of health problems of under-five children is scarce though it has public health importance. This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among 144 children belonging from birth to 5 years residing in Churkhai village of Bhavokhali union, Mymensingh Sadar Upazila in between November and December of 2019, as a part of Residential Field Site Training of 3rd year students of Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B). A purposive sampling technique was adopted. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire has been used to collect required information by face-to-face interviewing mothers of under-five children. The data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Respondent mothers ranged from 16 years to 45 years, mean age 25.47±5.332 years. Majority of mothers were literate (75.69%), housewife (91.67%), belonged to middle class (69.44%). Out of total 144 children ranging from birth to 59 months, mean age 29.83±19.54 months, male: female ratio was 97.26:100. Majority of children (50.69%) were healthy. Nutritional status was assessed by history taking (history of birth weight) weight, height measurement and clinical examination. Prevalence of low birth weight was 15.28%. Prevalence of under-nutrition was 16.67% and over-nutrition was 1.39%. On clinical examination, prevalence of anemia was found 4.17%. The leading health problem was nutritional 22.22%, followed by respiratory illness 12.50%, diarrhoea 7.64%, skin disease 4.17%, dental caries 0.69%, conjunctivitis 0.69%, acute suppurative otitis media 0.69%, accidental injury 0.69%. Most of the family had safe water supply (98.61%), sanitary latrines (85.42%), semi-pucca house (50%) and suffer air pollution 69.44%. The nutritional profile was quite similar, but disease situation was better than the results of other studies in Bangladesh and in other developing countries.
CBMJ 2022 January: vol. 11 no. 01 P: 27-32
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Bhuiyan, Anwar Parvez, Md Azizul Islam, Md Monirul Islam, and Atiyah Hasin. "Study of Negative Symptoms among 100 Schizophrenic Patients." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 17, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v17i1.56716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome of variable but profoundly disruptive, psychopathology that involves cognition, emotion, perception and other aspects of behavior. The expression of these manifestations varies across patients and over time, but the effect of the illness is always severe and usually long lasting. The disorder usually begins before age 25, persists throughout life, and affects persons of all social classes. Both patients and their families often suffer from poor care and social ostracism because of widespread ignorance about the disorder. Schizophrenia is equally prevalent in men and women. Objective: To find out the pattern and frequency of negative symptoms in Schizophrenic patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st June to 31st December 2014 among 100 schizophrenic patients. For demographic assessment every patient was interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire, after taking informed consent. Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) was used to interview the Schizophrenic patient. The scale is internationally well accepted research instrument for assessing negative symptoms in Schizophrenic patient. The study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Sampling size was 100 where Schizophrenia was diagnosed by psychiatrists. Results: The age group of the patients was from 18 years to 59 years with mean age 27.3 years (SD ±11.0), most of the patients were below the age of 30 years. Eighty six (86%) out of one hundred patients were found to have negative symptom. Most of the patient were male, literate, Muslim and came from a middle class family background. Onset of the disease was mostly insidious in nature. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder. Both the patient and their families suffer a lot by schizophrenia and its consequences. So improving the management of negative symptoms may reduce the overall burden of schizophrenic patients and their caregivers. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 17, No 1 (June) 2021: 22-25
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Eid, Iyad M., and Nurazzura Bt Mohamad Diah. "Coping mechanisms among Palestinian refugee families in Malaysia during the transition period." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 15, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-08-2018-0052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how Palestinian refugee families in Malaysia cope with the challenges they face during their transitional destination. These families have recently fled from conflict zones in various Arab countries and moved to Malaysia where they registered in the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Kuala Lumpur, waiting for resettlement in a third country. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilizes the qualitative research approach, drawing descriptive analysis (thematic analysis technique) of data collected by semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 30 Palestinian families. For sample selection, the author used purposive sampling and employed the Snowball technique to select the families who have experienced refuge life for the second time. Then the sample was equally divided into three groups to include ten families moving from Iraq, Syria and the Gaza Strip. The interviews were conducted with the head of the families who varied in terms of gender and age composition. The study involved 9 female participants and 21 males. They are all Muslims and aged between 24 and 80 years old. In terms of educational background, all of the participants are literate with formal school education, diploma or tertiary education. Findings The study shows that refugee families adopt four main ways of coping commonly used to improve the quality of their life during their transition in Malaysia. They turn to religion and spirituality, keep in touch with relatives and friends in the diaspora and conflict zones, develop a positive image about their present situation by comparing it to worse living conditions of others living in conflict zones and plan to migrate to Europe to hold a European passport which will give them the opportunity to visit their original country, Palestine. Originality/value The paper tackles the Palestinian refugee family life and explores their real-life stories and experiences during transition in Malaysia. It provides them with an opportunity to speak up their suffering and reveal the various strategies they adopt to cope with life challenges. Besides, the result of the study will be a fruitful addition to the corpus of sociological knowledge as well as an important contribution to the families that stay in transition in different societies around the world.
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Pavoni, Mariana, Maria-Cecilia Lopes, Laura Cysneiros, Gabriela Gutierres, Elizabeth Araujo e. Silva, Victor Braga, and Henrique Salmazo. "0422 Insufficient sleep in undergraduate students: an intervention based on a systematic literature review." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction Sleep is essencial to health, and to the performance of daily activities, and mood, memory, attention, and cognitive processes. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature about the sleep in undergratuate students from 2019 to 2020, also we applied a semi-structured questionnaire in 300 undergrate students between 18-24 years of age. Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria in databases: MEDLINE/PUBMED, SCIELO and LILACS on circadian cycle disorders and daytime sleepiness in undergraduate students. The descritptors were applied in order to delimit the articles in the objectives of this study: sleep, undergrade students, daytime sleepiness and circadian cycle disorders. We applyed on-probabilistic sampling technique using Health Educional Content Validation instrument that was composed by 15 items to analyse sleep habbits in undergratuate students. Results 7591 scientific articles were analyzed, and only 38 were submitted to the application of the PICOS strategy. We included 16 articles in this systematic literate review sample. The studies have shown that the quality of sleep in these students was straongly impaired by stress, depression, family income and behavioral variables. The answers from the Goggle forms analyses with 76.3% of excessive daytime sleepiness, in the area of the questionnaire used a scale from 1 to 5 (where 1 was very little in order to score peculiarities related to the students habits in relation to a routine that values Sleep Hygiene. Fixed times for waking up on weekdays (96, 6%), and only 24.4% of the sample had a fixed time to sleep on weekends. More than 150 students (53.2%) made no effort to stay away from the screen before sleeping. The distribution of responses showed that an average number of people try to avoid using the bed to work or watch television (73.9%) and try to avoid heavy foods before bed (83.1%). We found that the consequences of insufficient sleep, such as insomnia and daytime sleepiness were prevalente in females, and among students who didn’t practice sleep hygiene, were colays and falling asleep during class, twice the risk of depression and headache. Conclusion The prevalence of sleep disorders among undergraduated students needs to be evalute, preventing the harmful consequences in their cognitive decisions. Support (If Any)