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1
Abensperg-traun, M., G. W. Arnold, D. E. Steven, G. T. Smith, L. Atkins, J. J. Viveen, and M. Gutter. "Biodiversity indicators in semi-arid, agricultural Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 4 (1995): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The predicted future loss of native Australian species of plants and animals, in part as a result of adverse land management strategies, has led to attempts to identify areas of high biotic richness (numbers of species). Bioindicators are measures of the physical environment, or of a subset of the plants or animals, that best predict biotic richness. Ideally, bioindicators should aim at predicting as large a component of the plant or animal fauna as is possible at minimum cost. For two contrasting vegetation types, we examined remnant area, vegetation structural diversity, species richness of plants, lizards and terrestrial arthropods, and the relative abundance of individual arthropod species, as indicators of faunal richness, using correlation, principal component regression and stepwise regression analyses. The study was carried out in gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodlands (29 sites) and shrublands (27 sites) in semi-arid, agricultural Western Australia. Sites varied considerably in grazing history (woodland) and in farming history (shrubland). Fauna sampled were lizards (woodland), scorpions (woodland), isopods (woodland), cockroaches (woodland), termites (woodland, shrubland), earwigs (woodland), hemipterans (shrubland), beetles (woodland, shrubland), butterflies (shrubland) and ants (woodland, shrubland). None of the indicator variables in any analyses effectively predicted total faunal richness for either vegetation type (<35% of variation in total richness explained). In correlation analyses for woodlands, vegetation structural diversity and plant richness, but no fauna variable, explained a high percentage of the variation in the richness of lizards (56% explained by richness of native plants, +ve), scorpions (48%, richness of native plants, +ve), termites (55%, vegetation structural diversity, +ve) and beetles (59%, litter, –ve). The richness of the shrubland fauna was poorly predicted by all indicator variables (<25% explained). When using the total richness and abundance of ant functional groups, the abundance of a subset of species within ant functional groups, and of termite and beetle species, in principal component regressions, various ant functional groups explained 42% each of the richness of scorpions and beetles, and eight beetle species explained 50% of termite richness. When remnant area, vegetation structural diversity and the richness of native plants in woodland were tested in step-wise regressions as indicators of total faunal richness, remnant area was the only significant indicator variable, explaining 33% of total richness. The richness of native plants and vegetation structural diversity explained a total of 76% of the pooled richness of lizards + scorpions + termites. No significant indicator variable was found by regression procedures for total richness, or for a subset, of the shrubland fauna. We argue that differences in the predictive qualities of vegetation structure and plant richness between the vegetation types was due, in part, to differences in the spatial heterogeneity of biotic richness, and possibly the scale at which structure was measured. The use of structural diversity or plant richness as predictors of faunal richness for different woodland types, or those with different disturbance histories, or in different geographic or climatic regions, should not be adopted without verification of their efficiency at predicting the richness of the local fauna.
2
García Morote, Francisco Antonio, Manuela Andrés Abellán, Eva Rubio, Iván Pérez Anta, Francisco García Saucedo, and Francisco Ramón López Serrano. "Stem CO2 Efflux as an Indicator of Forests’ Productivity in Relict Juniper Woodlands (Juniperus thurifera L.) of Southern Spain." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are considerable uncertainties about the C cycle in semi-arid ecosystems. Hence, studies that have focused on Juniperus in Mediterranean woodlands are non-existent. This study provides a survey of the effect of the juniper woodland type (young and mature woodlands; joint effect of maturity and forest productivity) on stem respiration. We checked the seasonal variation of stem respiration, evaluating the effects of stem temperature on stem CO2 efflux. For this, we measured the stem CO2 efflux (µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) over the four seasons on 16 junipers using LI-6400 equipment. The results showed that in the more productive site (young woodland), the stem CO2 efflux was higher. This variable followed a clear seasonal trend, being higher during the spring and progressively decreasing in cold periods. In both juniper woodlands, and especially in the older forests, the Q10 coefficients were low (<2), typical of cold forests and slow-growing species. The exponential model also confirmed that the Q10 was significantly higher in young juniper trees. Thus, stem CO2 efflux was an indicator of the growth in this juniper woodland that is well adapted to a semi-arid climate.
3
Kumari, Vinod, Kailash Chand Saini, and N. P. Singh. "DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPIDER FAUNA IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID REGION OF RAJASTHAN." Journal of Biopesticides 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.17-24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The knowledge on diversity and distribution of spiders in Rajasthan is sparse as compared to other regions. There is a dire need of research regarding species composition, distribution pattern so that their role in controlling insect pests could be ascertained. Present study examined a novel approach for documenting the diversity of spider fauna in arid and semi- arid (Ajmer and Jodhpur) region of Rajasthan, India. A regular survey of spider faunal complex was conducted in four major habitats namely, woodland, wetland, pasture and caves/crevices/rocky area. Maximum number of spiders was found in woodland habitat and the minimum number of spiders were collected and identified from caves/crevices/rocky area with 31.86 and 17.61 relative abundance, respectively. Similarly, diversity indices viz., richness, evenness, Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indexalso indicated the maximum species richness in woodland and minimum in caves/crevices/rocky area. In woodland, Araneidae and Oxyopidae were found as most abundant families with 41.44 and 15.78 percent of total spider fauna while Lycosidae wasfound as the most abundant family in wetland but was at par with Araneidae in pasture habitats. In Caves/crevices/rocky area, family Pholcidae was found as the most abundant.
4
Ritchie, EG. "An extension to the known range of the eastern grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus on Cape York Peninsula." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 2 (2005): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
THE eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) is one of Australia?s widest-ranging large macropodids, occurring in open forests, woodlands, subalpine woodland, farmland, and semi-arid regions throughout most of eastern Australia (Menkhorst and Knight 2001). However current general accounts (e.g., Poole 1995, Menkhorst and Knight 2001) regard M. giganteus as being absent from the northern Cape York Peninsula.
5
Eldridge, David J., and Alan B. C. Kwok. "Soil disturbance by animals at varying spatial scales in a semi-arid Australian woodland." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 3 (2008): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We studied soil disturbance by rabbits, echidnas, goannas, ants and termites at three different spatial scales across four vegetation communities (dense woodland, open woodland, shrubland, grassland) in semi-arid rangeland in western NSW. For analyses, bare and litter-covered surfaces (micro-scale) were nested within canopy and open patches (intermediate scale), which were nested within vegetation communities (landscape scale). Landscape-scale disturbances (rabbit warrens) were six and three times more abundant in open woodlands and shrublands, respectively, than in dense woodlands. Although individual warrens had a similar mass of excavated soil across all vegetation communities, in total, more soil was excavated in the grasslands than in the dense woodlands or shrublands. There were four times as many intermediate-sized disturbances (foraging pits and resting sites) under canopies than out in the open, and this was consistent across all vegetation communities. Echidna foraging pits and kangaroo resting sites dominated the canopy patches. Intermediate-sized disturbances scaled up to the landscape scale were marginally more abundant in the dense and open woodlands than in grasslands and shrublands. However, total mass of soil moved by all species did not differ among vegetation communities. The density of small-scale disturbances (ant nests, termite foraging galleries) did not differ at the landscape-, intermediate- or micro-scales. Our study documents the extent of animal activity in the semi-arid woodlands, and reinforces the notion that, as soil disturbance is scale-dependent, differences among species, habitats and communities will depend on the scale at which disturbances are examined.
6
Antos, Mark J., and Andrew F. Bennett. "How important are different types of temperate woodlands for ground-foraging birds?" Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is widespread concern about population decline in a number of woodland-dependent birds in southern Australia. Of all declining species, approximately half forage on the ground. This study examined the avifaunal assemblages of temperate woodlands of the Northern Plains, Victoria, to investigate the importance of woodland habitats for ground-foraging species. Four main types of woodland were surveyed (white cypress-pine, black box, grey box and river red gum) and, in total, 89 bird species were detected. All four woodland types differed in habitat structure and, in turn, supported significantly different avifaunal assemblages. Forty of the 89 species (45%) foraged, at least in part, on the ground. Species richness and abundance of ground-foragers differed significantly between woodland types, being highest in white cypress-pine and black box. There was a greater richness of ground-foragers during the breeding than non-breeding season, but abundance did not vary seasonally. Overall, ground-foraging birds comprised a greater proportion of species (>55%) and individuals (>60%) in white cypress-pine and black box woodland than in grey box and river red gum (42–48% of species, <50% individuals). Those ground-foragers regarded as declining also occurred in greatest richness in white cypress-pine woodlands, one of the most depleted habitats in the region. The lowest richness of ‘declining’ ground-foraging species was in river red gum woodland, the most widespread woodland type. Throughout Australia, the proportion of ground-foraging species in bird assemblages tends to be greater in temperate, semi-arid or arid woodlands than in moist forests and rainforests. However, in many regions woodland habitats are severely depleted and their open ground layer is particularly vulnerable to degradation. The extent of suitable habitat for ground-foraging birds in temperate woodlands may be much less than is apparent from current measures of tree cover. Sustainable management of drier (non-riverine) temperate woodlands is required to conserve this important element of the Australian avifauna.
7
Najafifar, Ali, Jaafar Hosseinzadeh, and Abdolali Karamshahi. "The Role of Hillshade, Aspect, and Toposhape in the Woodland Dieback of Arid and Semi-Arid Ecosystems: A Case Study in Zagros Woodlands of Ilam Province, Iran." Journal of Landscape Ecology 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2019-0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Soil moisture plays a key role in the ecological capability of arid and semi-arid woodland. Reducing soil moisture due to frequent droughts causes pest prevalence and disease outbreak and the consequence of forest dieback. On the other hand, soil moisture is strongly correlated with the amount of radiation received on the Earth’s surface. The sun’s radiation is traditionally described often by aspect and sometimes by toposhape. The use of the hillshade map for estimating solar radiation is possible through developing GIS. The present study aimed to compare the relationship and the ability of these indices to describe the phenomenon of arid and semi-arid woodland decline better and more accurately in a case study in the west of Iran. To this aim, the aspect and toposhape layers were generated in 5 and 12 classes, respectively. Then, the hillshade map in range of 0-255 was made during the peak of summer heat. The comparison of the dieback ratio in the three characteristic histograms showed that the shade index, unlike the other two indicators, had a significant effect on forest drought (R2=0.91 for linear equation and R2=0.94 for quadratic equation). The results indicated that the application of hillshade in describing and analysing ecological processes by relying on soil moisture such as woodland dieback is superior to the other two indicators. It is suggested that this index be used to obtain a risk model to predict woodlands dieback which are under the pressure of frequent droughts due to climate change or other mortal factors.
8
Cheal, David. "Twenty Years of Grazing Reduction in Semi-arid Woodlands." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 4 (2009): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090268.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Twenty year old floristic data were reassessed to determine whether inclusion of remnant non-eucalypt semi-arid woodlands in national parks had enabled recovery from a degraded state, after decades of overgrazing. In Hattah- Kulkyne and Murray-Sunset National Parks (north-western Victoria), landscape condition had substantially improved by 2006. Formerly mobile dune systems in Hattah-Kulkyne are now stabilized by perennial field strata and increasingly dense shrubs (mostly Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima). In Murray-Sunset, chenopod shrubs now dominate and there are signs of regeneration of some of the formerly dominant trees. Semi-arid woodland condition has not (yet) fully recovered, but there are encouraging signs of partial recovery, and indications that further improvements in landscape condition will occur, as long as overgrazing (particularly by rabbits) can be reduced further or maintained at low levels. There are indications that rabbit numbers have greatly increased post-Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease, threatening the recovery to date.
9
WILLIAMSON, H. D. "Estimating sub-pixel components of a semi-arid woodland." International Journal of Remote Sensing 15, no. 16 (November 1994): 3303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169408954330.
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10
Harrington, GN. "Herbivore diet in a semi-arid Eucalyptus populnea woodland. 1. Merino sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (1986): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The diet of sheep was recorded by direct observation in a shrub-dominated Eucalyptus populnea woodland between Nyngan and Bourke, N.S.W., on 7 occasions over a 2-year period. Different nutritional opportunities were provided by the effects of rainfall on 3 contrasting grazing treatments. The sheep did not graze equally over the whole area available but foraged selectively so that they encountered unacceptable plants rarely. In particular variable spear grass (Stipa variabilis) was avoided once the inflorescence had emerged and only extreme hunger pressured sheep into foraging in dead stands of this grass.matured, sheep ate firstly increasing quantities of perennial forbs and then mulga (Acacia aneura). When these foods were depleted, sheep subsisted on dead perennial grass, tree litter and broad leaf hopbush (Dodonaea vlscosa). All other shrub species were unacceptable. The ability of sheep to forage successfully during dry periods put excessive pressure on perennial grass, causing it to die out. I suggest this has contributed to the increased frequency of shrub establishment in the poplar box woodlands since they have been used for pastoral production.
11
Riquelme, Linda, Libby Rumpff, David H. Duncan, and Peter A. Vesk. "Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of understorey biomass in semi-arid woodlands of south-eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 44, no. 1 (April 16, 2022): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj21060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When managing grazing pressure for conservation, understanding forage dynamics is essential. In south-eastern Australia, ongoing grazing is inhibiting regeneration in several semi-arid woodland communities. Western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus (Desmarest, 1817)) have been identified as a key component of total grazing pressure. They are thought to switch from grass to lower-quality browse, including tree seedlings, when grass biomass falls below 400 kg ha−1. One static threshold may not adequately capture the spatial and temporal hazard associated with kangaroo grazing, and this study aimed to explore how grassy biomass varies across a case-study landscape. Understorey biomass and species composition data were collected in the field on seven occasions between December 2016 and May 2019. We used Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) to describe the influence of environmental and herbivory variables on total (live and dead) understorey, live understorey, and grass (live and dead) biomass. Canopy cover showed the strongest influence on understorey biomass, with more biomass found in open sites than in woodland. Understorey biomass levels were lowest in summer and autumn. Grass biomass, in particular, fell below the 400 kg ha−1 forage-switch threshold in wooded areas during this time. We anticipate that an increased understanding of understorey biomass dynamics will inform managers as to when and where to focus management efforts to promote regeneration and sustained recovery of these semi-arid woodlands. Results of this study suggest that conducting management efforts before the summer/autumn decline in understorey biomass, particularly in woodlands, is critical in reducing the browsing risk to seedlings.
12
Joubert, Dave F., Caroline Stolter, Kristin M. Krewenka, Nekulilo Uunona,Vistorina Amputu, Elise Nghalipo, Sylvia Thompson, Kai Schütte, et al. "Impacts of fire history in a semi-arid woodland savanna." Biodiversity & Ecology 6 (April 14, 2018): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7809/b-e.00326.
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13
Reynolds, Amanda C., Jay Quade, and Julio L. Betancourt. "Strontium isotopes and nutrient sourcing in a semi-arid woodland." Geoderma 189-190 (November 2012): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.029.
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Kato, T., W. Knorr, M. Scholze, E. Veenendaal, T. Kaminski, J. Kattge, and N. Gobron. "Simultaneous assimilation of satellite and eddy covariance data for improving terrestrial water and carbon simulations at a semi-arid woodland site in Botswana." Biogeosciences 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2013): 789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-789-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Terrestrial productivity in semi-arid woodlands is strongly susceptible to changes in precipitation, and semi-arid woodlands constitute an important element of the global water and carbon cycles. Here, we use the Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) to investigate the key parameters controlling ecological and hydrological activities for a semi-arid savanna woodland site in Maun, Botswana. Twenty-four eco-hydrological process parameters of a terrestrial ecosystem model are optimized against two data streams separately and simultaneously: daily averaged latent heat flux (LHF) derived from eddy covariance measurements, and decadal fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) derived from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). Assimilation of both data streams LHF and FAPAR for the years 2000 and 2001 leads to improved agreement between measured and simulated quantities not only for LHF and FAPAR, but also for photosynthetic CO2 uptake. The mean uncertainty reduction (relative to the prior) over all parameters is 14.9% for the simultaneous assimilation of LHF and FAPAR, 8.5% for assimilating LHF only, and 6.1% for assimilating FAPAR only. The set of parameters with the highest uncertainty reduction is similar between assimilating only FAPAR or only LHF. The highest uncertainty reduction for all three cases is found for a parameter quantifying maximum plant-available soil moisture. This indicates that not only LHF but also satellite-derived FAPAR data can be used to constrain and indirectly observe hydrological quantities.
15
Gao, Hailong, Liping Qiu, Yanjiang Zhang, Liaohong Wang, Xingchang Zhang, and Jimin Cheng. "Distribution of organic carbon and nitrogen in soil aggregates of aspen (Populus simonii Carr.) woodlands in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China." Soil Research 51, no. 5 (2013): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12250.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The distribution and turnover of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) associated with aggregates in soils is critical for understanding the behaviour of C and N in soils. We collected soil samples from aspen (Populus simonii Carr.) woodland in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China to investigate the distribution of aggregate-associated OC and N. The distribution of aggregates and aggregate-associated OC and N were measured, and OC and N stocks in each aggregate fraction were calculated. Across the sites and soil depths, microaggregates and the silt + clay fraction dominated the distribution of soil aggregates, which varied with site. Organic C and N accumulated mainly in the macro- and micro-aggregate fractions in loamy soils but in the silt + clay fractions in sandy soils. The OC and N stocks in the bulk soil of aspen woodland were determined by the OC and N stocks associated with silt + clay fraction. The results of this study indicate that soil texture may play an important role in assessing the distributions of soil OC and N in both bulk soils and aggregate size fractions in aspen woodland, especially in semi-arid regions. Furthermore, the establishment of aspen woodland would result in greater accumulation of OC and N in loam soils than in sandy soils.
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Dexter, Nick. "The influence of pasture distribution and temperature on habitat selection by feral pigs in a semi-arid environment." Wildlife Research 25, no. 5 (1998): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The two parameters believed to influence habitat utilisation by feral pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa) are protection from high temperatures and distribution of food. However, whether there is an interaction between these parameters is unknown. To examine the influence of high temperature on habitat utilisation, the use of four rangeland habitats (shrubland, woodland, riverine woodland, and ephemeral swamps) by feral pigs in north-west New South Wales, Australia, was measured by radio-telemetry during and after a drought. In each habitat, protection from high temperature was indexed once by vegetation cover, at three strata, while over the course of the study, food distribution was indexed by estimating pasture biomass in each habitat. Riverine woodland provided the most shelter from high temperature, followed by woodland, shrubland and ephemeral swamps. On average, ephemeral swamps had the highest pasture biomass, followed by riverine woodland, shrubland and woodland. The amount of pasture in each habitat increased after the drought but changed at different rates. During autumn, spring and summer feral pigs preferred riverine woodland but in winter shrubland was preferred. Multivariate regression indicated that habitat utilisation was significantly influenced by pasture biomass in shrubland and mean maximum temperature in the study area. The results suggest that feral pigs are restricted by high temperatures to more shady habitats during hot weather but when the constraint of high temperature is relaxed they distribute themselves more according to the availability of food.
17
Kato, T., M. Scholze, W. Knorr, E. Veenendaal, T. Kaminski, J. Kattge, and N. Gobron. "Simultaneous assimilation of satellite and eddy covariance data for improving terrestrial water and carbon simulations at a semi-arid woodland site in Botswana." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2012): 3615–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-3615-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Terrestrial productivity in semi-arid woodlands is strongly susceptible to changes in precipitation, and semi-arid woodlands constitute an important element of the global water and carbon cycles. Here, we use the Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) to investigate the mechanisms controlling ecological and hydrogical activities for a semi-arid savanna woodland site in Maun, Botswana. Twenty-four eco-hydrological process parameters of a terrestrial ecosystem model are optimized against two data streams either separately or simultaneously: daily averaged latent heat flux (LHF) derived from eddy covariance measurement, and decadal fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) derived from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). Assimilation of both LHF and FAPAR for the years 2000 and 2001 leads to improved agreement between measured and simulated quantities not only for LHF and FAPAR, but also for photosynthetic CO2 uptake. The closest agreement is found for each observed data stream when only the same data stream is assimilated. The mean uncertainty reduction (relative to the prior) over all parameters is 16.1% for the simultaneous assimilation of LHF and FAPAR, 9.2% for assimilating LHF only, and 7.8% for assimilating FAPAR only. Furthermore, the set of parameters with the highest uncertainty reduction is similar between assimilating only FAPAR or only LHF. The highest uncertainty reduction is found for a parameter describing maximum plant-available soil moisture for all three cases. This indicates that not only LHF but also satellite-derived FAPAR data can be used to constrain and indirectly observe hydrological quantities.
18
Ndagurwa, Hilton G. T., Wayne Mutirwara, Sibonokuhle F. Ncube, and Justice Muvengwi. "Estimating mistletoe biomass in a semi-arid savanna woodland, southwest Zimbabwe." Acta Oecologica 117 (November 2022): 103849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2022.103849.
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Torres, P. A., A. B. Abril, and E. H. Bucher. "Microbial succession in litter decomposition in the semi-arid Chaco woodland." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37, no. 1 (January 2005): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.042.
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Terpstra, J. W., and A. D. Wilson. "Grazing distribution of sheep and kangaroos in a semi-arid woodland." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 24, no. 4 (November 1989): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(89)90061-0.
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21
Wilson, AD. "Forage utilization by sheep and kangaroos in a semi-arid woodland." Rangeland Journal 13, no. 2 (1991): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9910081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The utilization of forage species by sheep and western grey kangaroos, and their contribution to the diets of those animals, were determined in a mulga (Acacia aneura) woodland in western New South Wales. Utilization was determined from measurements of forage yield, on pastures that were grazed by either sheep, sheep and kangaroos together or kangaroos, at a range of stocking rates. The sheep and kangaroos had similar preferences for the major grasses, with high utilization of species such as Monachather paradoxa and low utilization of the more fibrous species such as Eragrostis eriopoda. At times of forage abundance, annual and perennial forbs were a major component of sheep diet but a relatively minor component of kangaroo diet. Differences in species preference thus arose mainly in species that were uncommon or of seasonal occurrence. The overall diets of sheep and kangaroos were similar, with a year-round predominance of the same group of perennial grasses such as Thyridolepis mitchelliana. In the treatment where sheep and kangaroos grazed together, kangaroos had access to areas exclosed from sheep and their use of these areas increased with increase in stocking rate. Thus the exclosures received a similar grazing pressure by kangaroos alone, to that of the surrounding paddocks grazed by a mixture of sheep and kangaroos. It is concluded that there is direct competition between sheep and kangaroos for the main forage species. There are also long-term effects of high kangaroo populations on sheep production because the movement of kangaroos to rested paddocks negates any pasture management practice that requires periodic resting of pastures from grazing.
22
OKELO, R. O. "Some aspects of grasshopper feeding ecology in semi-arid Acacia woodland." African Journal of Ecology 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1987.tb01114.x.
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Freudenberger, D., and J. Barber. "Movement Patterns of Feral Goats in a Semi-Arid Woodland in Eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 1 (1999): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The movement patterns of ten feral goats fitted with radio transmitters were examined over a 20 month period in a semi-arid woodland of western New South Wales. The mean distance between locations (fixes) was 3.1 km at 42 day intervals. The mean interfix distance for male goats was 1.1 km greater than for females. The mean home range for the five males was 29.4 km2 and 10.9 km2 for the five females (95% convex polygon). The movement patterns of feral goats in this woodland system were predictable. Goats usually moved small distances and remained close to intermittent lakes and creeks with abundant tree and shrub cover. Goats commercially harvested in this area were likely to have come from local populations living in an area of 15-35 km2, an area encompassed by 1-2 paddocks on a single property.
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Kinnell, PIA, CJ Chartres, and CL Watson. "The effects of fire on the soil in a degraded semiarid woodland .II. Susceptibility of the soil to erosion by shallow rain impacted flow." Soil Research 28, no. 5 (1990): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Small (500 by 250 by 100 mm) soil monoliths collected from experimental plots subjected to various fire frequencies in a semi-arid woodland near Coolabah, N.S.W., were tested for their susceptibility to erosion by rain-impacted flows under laboratory conditions. In the tests, the erosive stress applied to the soil surfaces was controlled by using drops of uniform size (2.7 mm) falling 11.2 m onto flows whose depths were controlled between 1 and 2.7 drop diameters. Experimental data and thin-section observations showed that cryptogams provide a high degree of protection against erosion. Sediment concentration (measured in g L-1) from cryptogam-covered plots was considerably less than that from both bare-crusted surfaces and surfaces dominated by depositional material. Surfaces with cryptogamic crusts were generally free of debris, but showed only minor signs of erosion, whereas bare-crusted and depositionary surfaces suffered pronounced lowering and tended to disintegrate. Because increasing fire frequency reduces the spatial distribution of the cryptogamic cover on the soil surface in the semi-arid woodlands, increasing fire frequency must increase the erosion hazard.
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Riquelme, Linda, David H. Duncan, Libby Rumpff, and Peter Anton Vesk. "Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Understorey Biomass in Semi-Arid Woodlands of South-Eastern Australia." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monitoring ground layer biomass, and therefore forage availability, is important for managing large, vertebrate herbivore populations for conservation. Remote sensing allows for frequent observations over broad spatial scales, capturing changes in biomass over the landscape and through time. In this study, we explored different satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs) for their utility in estimating understorey biomass in semi-arid woodlands of south-eastern Australia. Relationships between VIs and understorey biomass data have not been established in these particular semi-arid communities. Managers want to use forage availability to inform cull targets for western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus), to minimise the risk that browsing poses to regeneration in threatened woodland communities when grass biomass is low. We attempted to develop relationships between VIs and understorey biomass data collected over seven seasons across open and wooded vegetation types. Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were used to describe relationships between understorey biomass and VIs. Total understorey biomass (live and dead, all growth forms) was best described using the Tasselled Cap (TC) greenness index. The combined TC brightness and Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) ranked best for live understorey biomass (all growth forms), and grass (live and dead) biomass was best described by a combination of TC brightness and greenness indices. Models performed best for grass biomass, explaining 70% of variation in external validation when predicting to the same sites in a new season. However, we found empirical relationships were not transferrable to data collected from new sites. Including other variables (soil moisture, tree cover, and dominant understorey growth form) improved model performance when predicting to new sites. Anticipating a drop in forage availability is critical for the management of grazing pressure for woodland regeneration, however, predicting understorey biomass through space and time is a challenge. Whilst remotely sensed VIs are promising as an easily-available source of vegetation information, additional landscape-scale data are required before they can be considered a cost-efficient method of understorey biomass estimation in this semi-arid landscape.
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Morote, Francisco Antonio García, Manuela Andrés Abellán, Eva Rubio, Eduardo Martínez García, Francisco García Saucedo, Marta Isabel Picazo Córdoba, and Francisco Ramón López Serrano. "Productivity and Seasonality Drive Total Soil Respiration in Semi-Arid Juniper Woodlands (Juniperus thurifera L., Southern Spain)." Forests 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We analyzed the relationship between forest productivity (joint effect of forest maturity and soil quality) and total soil respiration (µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) in semi-arid juniper woodlands (young woodlands growing in abandoned farmlands with deeper soils, and mature woodlands in lithic soils), and investigated the seasonal variation in soil CO2 efflux as a function of soil temperature and the soil water content. We measured the soil CO2 efflux from twelve cylinders in the soil over a three-year period using LI-6400 equipment. The results show that, in the more productive site (young woodland), soil CO2 efflux was higher due to greater respiration, mainly in the driest periods. Soil respiration followed a seasonal trend, being higher in spring and decreasing in cold periods. In both juniper woodlands and especially in the older forest, the CO2 efflux rates were low (<2.5 for Q10), typical of slow-growing species. Soil respiration was controlled by soil temperature without drought and in the temperate-warm season, whereas respiration showed sensitivity to soil water content in periods when edaphic humidity was low (but only in the more productive, young forest, which seemed to show better adaptation to drought), and under high soil moisture (soil water > 25%) for both woodlands, coinciding with warm temperatures in the spring. This period also corresponded to the highest CO2 efflux recorded in both woodlands. The accumulation of organic C seems to also be important to maintain elevated soil respiration in summer, especially in young woodlands. Thus, apart from microclimatic conditions, factors related to productivity regulate respiratory activity.
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Hodgkinson, KC, JW Terpstra, and WJ Muller. "Spatial and Temporal Pattern in the Grazing of Grasses by Sheep Within a Semi-Arid Wooded Landscape." Rangeland Journal 17, no. 2 (1995): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9950154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grazing the woodlands of semi-arid and arid Australia by domestic stock has extensively collapsed perennial *grass populations and thereby fostered woody plant increase. This study examined the pattern of grazing of individual grass plants by sheep in the landscape of a semi-arid woodland, and a model was developed describing the spatial and temporal influences on the grazing pressure placed on plants. Plants of two widespread perennial grass species differing in palatability, Eragrostis eriopoda and Thyridolepis mitchelliana, were examined weekly in two contrasting periods at the CSIRO Lake Mere Research Facility. The plants were located throughout the landscape in lightly- and heavily- stocked paddocks. Patterns of grazing in space and time were determined by examining the grazing of marked tillers. No preference was shown for previously ungrazed plants and only occasionally were previously grazed plants preferred. Thyridolepis mitchelliana plants were slightly preferred over E. eriopoda plants. Landscape zones receiving water and nutrients from elsewhere were preferred for grazing but the effect was weak. The foliage biomass of herbaceous plants in the immediate vicinity of a grass plant did not influence the number of tillers grazed nor the probability of the plant being grazed. Overall the defoliation of individual plants by sheep was weakly determined by landscape location, stocking level, plant species and prevailing forage on offer. The influence of spatial and temporal variation was small; random grazing of grass plants was the rule. This finding suggests that the grazing pressure on palatable perennial grasses in the paddocks of semi-arid woodlands will be similar across wooded landscapes and that spatial variability in plant mortality could be due to. the combined effect of plant water stress, which varies spatially and temporally, and grazing pressure which varies temporally but not spatially.
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Briggs, SV, JA Seddon, and SA Thornton. "Wildlife in dry lake and associated habitats in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 22, no. 2 (2000): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj0000256.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intermittently and occasionally flooded lakes are common in arid and semi-arid Australia. The wetldry nature of these lakes means that they provide habitat for terrestrial fauna when dry and aquatic fauna when flooded. The fauna of dry lakes in western New South Wales is largely unknown. This study reports on species of small mammals and reptiles trapped in a dry lake in south-western New South Wales, and contrasts them with species trapped in surrounding woodland and shrubland habitats. Information on bird species in these habitats was also drawn on. Small mammals, reptiles and birds showed considerable partitioning between the habitats in the study area. The dry lake provided the main habitat for the two small mammals Smznthopsis crassicaudata and Planlgale gdesi. Reptiles were most speciose and most abundant in the blue bush (Maireana spp.) shrubland, but some reptile species were mainly or entirely confined to the dry lake habitats, or to black box (Eucalyptus largzjlorens) woodland. Birds in the study region were most abundant and most speciose in the black box woodland, with some species confined to blue bush shrubland. The study showed that conservation of all the habitats investigated is necessary to retain the suite of vertebrate species that occupy these landscapes. Key words: small mammals, reptiles, birds, arid zone, dry lake, shrubland, woodland, biodiversity: Australia
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Eldridge, D. J., and A. D. Robson. "Bladeploughing and Exclosure Influence Soil Properties in a Semi-Arid Australian Woodland." Journal of Range Management 50, no. 2 (March 1997): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4002380.
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Tarin, Tonantzin, Rachael H. Nolan, Belinda E. Medlyn, James Cleverly, and Derek Eamus. "Water‐use efficiency in a semi‐arid woodland with high rainfall variability." Global Change Biology 26, no. 2 (November 2, 2019): 496–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14866.
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Eldridge, D. J. "Dispersal of Microphytes by Water Erosion in an Australian Semi-Arid Woodland." Lichenologist 28, no. 1 (January 1996): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282996000138.
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Harrington, GN. "Herbivore diet in a semi-arid Eucalyptus populnea woodland. 2. Feral goats." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (1986): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860423.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The diet of feral goats was recorded by direct observation in a shrub-dominated Eucalyptus populnea woodland between Nyngan and Bourke, N.S.W., on 7 sampling occasions over 2 years. Different nutritional opportunities were provided by the effects of rainfall on 4 contrasting grazing treatments. The goats foraged evenly over the paddocks and encountered most foods with the same frequency as they occurred. With unlimited quantities of forage available the goats spent 63% of their time grazing and only 28% browsing. Most browsing took place under dry conditions when pasture quality was low. When forage was in short supply the goats accepted some shrubs not normally eaten, and these plants died; other woody plants were consumed erratically or not at all. Acacia aneura was the only woody plant which was both palatable and resilient to goat browsing. Goats mostly ate the same plant species as sheep and with the same preference, but tended to eat more browse and less forbs than sheep in dry times. The browse consumed was principally the same as consumed by sheep, demonstrating sequential competition for dry-season fodder. Goats demonstrated a potential for overgrazing in dry times, indicating that stocking rates must be adjusted at such times to avoid pastures becoming extinct.
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Bueno, Inacio T., Greg J. McDermid, Eduarda M. O. Silveira, Jennifer N. Hird, Breno I. Domingos, and Fausto W. Acerbi Júnior. "Spatial Agreement among Vegetation Disturbance Maps in Tropical Domains Using Landsat Time Series." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 2948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182948.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detecting disturbances in native vegetation is a crucial component of many environmental management strategies, and remote sensing-based methods are the most efficient way to collect multi-temporal disturbance data over large areas. Given that there is a large range of datasets for monitoring, analyzing, and detecting disturbances, many methods have been well-studied and successfully implemented. However, factors such as the vegetation type, input data, and change detection method can significantly alter the outcomes of a disturbance-detection study. We evaluated the spatial agreement of disturbance maps provided by the Breaks For Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) algorithm, evaluating seven spectral indices in three distinct vegetation domains in Brazil: Atlantic forest, savanna, and semi-arid woodland, by assessing levels of agreement between the outputs. We computed individual map accuracies based on a reference dataset, then ranked their performance, while also observing their relationships with specific vegetation domains. Our results indicated a low rate of spatial agreement among index-based disturbance maps, which itself was minimally influenced by vegetation domain. Wetness indices produced greater detection accuracies in comparison to greenness-related indices free of saturation. The normalized difference moisture index performed best in the Atlantic forest domains, yet performed poorest in semi-arid woodland, reflecting its specific sensitivity to vegetation and its water content. The normalized difference vegetation index led to high disturbance detection accuracies in the savanna and semi-arid woodland domains. This study offered novel insight into vegetation disturbance maps, their relationship to different ecosystem types, and corresponding accuracies. Distinct input data can produce non-spatially correlated disturbance maps and reflect site-specific sensitivity. Future research should explore algorithm limitations presented in this study, as well as the expansion to other techniques and vegetation domains across the globe.
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Recher, Harry F., and William E. Davis Jr. "Response of birds to a wildfire in the Great Western Woodlands, Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 19, no. 4 (2013): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130188.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In December 2005, a wildfire burnt a large area of semi-arid eucalypt woodland along ~10 km of the Norseman- Coolgardie Road north of Norseman in the Great Western Woodlands (GWW), Western Australia. Few birds used the burnt area in the first year after the fire and these were mainly ground and shrub foraging insectivores. There was no influx of seed-eaters or open-country species as reported for post-fire habitats elsewhere in southern Australia. The greatest number of individuals and species of birds occurred in the second year post-fire when ground and shrub vegetation was floristically most diverse. Canopy foragers were attracted to the burnt area in the second year by an outbreak of psyllid insects on seedling eucalypts. At the same time, bark dwelling arthropods associated with the standing stems of fire-killed eucalypts attracted bark-foragers. From the third year, small insectivorous ground, shrub, and canopy foragers dominated the avifauna on the burnt area. These foraged on fire-killed shrubs, as well as living vegetation, including the lignotuberous regrowth of eucalypts. Bark foragers were uncommon after the second year. Throughout the study, the burnt area had fewer species and individuals than adjacent unburnt habitats. Compared with unburnt woodlands there were few differences in how species foraged on the burnt plots, but most species foraged lower reflecting the stature of the vegetation in the burnt woodland. Nectar-feeders, fruit-eaters, large insectivores, raptors, and parrots, although common in the unburnt woodland, were absent or rare in the burnt area. This reflected the limited regrowth of vegetation on the burnt area, which lacked the structural and floristic complexity of nearby unburnt woodlands. Ground foragers probably commenced nesting on the burnt area in the first year, with shrub and canopy foragers nesting from the second year. However, after five years, there was no evidence of large insectivores, nectar-feeders, raptors, seed-eaters, or foliage-eaters (i.e., parrots) nesting despite their abundance in adjacent unburnt woodland. Some of the unburnt woodlands monitored in this study were even-aged regeneration estimated to be 30–50 years post-fire or logging. Regardless of origin, these even-aged plots lacked the diverse avifauna associated with mature woodlands and suggest that post-fire recovery of birds and vegetation in these woodlands is likely to take decades and probably more than 100 years. If so, human activities that increase fire frequency in the GWW, including climate change and fuel-reduction burns, will have long-term adverse impacts on regional biodiversity exceeding those associated with wildfires in less arid forests and woodlands where rates of recovery are more rapid.
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Rodal, M. J. N., and L. M. Nascimento. "The arboreal component of a dry forest in Northeastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 2a (May 2006): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000300014.
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The dry forests of northeastern Brazil are found near the coastal zone and on low, isolated mountains inland amid semi-arid vegetation. The floristic composition of these dry montane forests, as well as their relationship to humid forests (Atlantic forest sensu stricto) and to the deciduous thorn woodlands (Caatinga sensu stricto) of the Brazilian northeast are not yet well known. This paper sought to determine if the arboreal plants in a dry forest growing on a low mountain in the semi-arid inland region (Serra Negra, 8° 35’ - 8° 38’ S and 38° 02’ - 38° 04’ W) between the municipalities of Floresta and Inajá, state of Pernambuco have the same floristic composition and structure as that seen in other regional forests. In fifty 10 x 20 m plots all live and standing dead trees with trunk measuring > 5 cm diameter at breast height were measured. Floristic similarities between the forest studied and other regional forests were assessed using multivariate analysis. The results demonstrate that the dry forest studied can be classified into two groups that represent two major vegetational transitions: (1) a humid forest/dry forest transition; and (2) a deciduous thorn-woodland/ dry forest transition.
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Eyre, Teresa J., Jian Wang, Melanie F. Venz, Chris Chilcott, and Giselle Whish. "Buffel grass in Queensland's semi-arid woodlands: response to local and landscape scale variables, and relationship with grass, forb and reptile species." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 3 (2009): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08035.
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Buffel grass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] has been widely introduced in the Australian rangelands as a consequence of its value for productive grazing, but tends to competitively establish in non-target areas such as remnant vegetation. In this study, we examined the influence landscape-scale and local-scale variables had upon the distribution of buffel grass in remnant poplar box (Eucalyptus populnea F.Muell.) dominant woodland fragments in the Brigalow Bioregion, Queensland. Buffel grass and variables thought to influence its distribution in the region were measured at 60 sites, which were selected based on the amount of native woodland retained in the landscape and patch size. An information-theoretic modelling approach and hierarchical partitioning revealed that the most influential variable was the percent of retained vegetation within a 1-km spatial extent. From this, we identified a critical threshold of ~30% retained vegetation in the landscape, above which the model predicted buffel grass was not likely to occur in a woodland fragment. Other explanatory variables in the model were site based, and included litter cover and long-term rainfall. Given the paucity of information on the effect of buffel grass upon biodiversity values, we undertook exploratory analyses to determine whether buffel grass cover influenced the distribution of grass, forb and reptile species. We detected some trends; hierarchical partitioning revealed that buffel grass cover was the most important explanatory variable describing habitat preferences of four reptile species. However, establishing causal links – particularly between native grass and forb species and buffel grass – was problematic owing to possible confounding with grazing pressure. We conclude with a set of management recommendations aimed at reducing the spread of buffel grass into remnant woodlands.
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Lumsden, IF, and AF Bennet. "Bats of a semi-arid environment in south-eastern Australia: biogeography, ecology and conservation." Wildlife Research 22, no. 2 (1995): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A total of 2075 captures of 11 taxa of bats was recorded during an extensive survey of the vertebrate fauna of the semi-arid Mallee region of Victoria. A further two species, Pteropus scapulatus and Saccolaimus flaviventris, are known from previous records, thus bringing the total to 13 taxa known from the region. There was a marked seasonality in activity patterns and in reproduction. Activity, as revealed by trap captures, peaked over the spring to early autumn months when daytime temperatures are high and nights are mild. Births occurred from October to December, lactating females were recorded from November to February, and juveniles were trapped between December and late February, with minor variation in timing between species. Morphometric measurements revealed that females were generally larger and heavier than males. There was a high level of overlap of species between broad vegetation types. Woodland habitats, especially Riverine Woodland, tended to have a higher frequency of capture and a greater species richness of bats per trapping event than did Mallee Shrubland. The assemblage of bats in the Mallee region, Victoria, like those in other semi-arid regions of southern Australia, includes species that are widespread in Australia (e.g. Chalinolobus gouldii and Nyctophilus geoffroyi), together with species that primarily occur in semi-arid and arid environments (e.g. N. timoriensis, Scotorepens balstoni and Vespadelus baverstocki). This region, which includes mesic riverine habitats, also supports a group of species that are characteristic of temperate south-eastern Australia (e.g. C. morio, V. regulus and V. vulturnus). In comparison with assemblages from temperate and tropical environmental regions, those from the semi-arid region tend to have a lower species richness with fewer families represented, a higher level of insectivory, and a smaller modal body size. The conservation status of bats from the Mallee region, Victoria, is believed to be secure, although the status of N. timoriensis warrants further attention.
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Sun, Q., W. S. Meyer, G. R. Koerber, and P. Marschner. "Response of respiration and nutrient availability to drying and rewetting in soil from a semi-arid woodland depends on vegetation patch and a recent wildfire." Biogeosciences 12, no. 16 (August 27, 2015): 5093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5093-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Semi-arid woodlands, which are characterised by patchy vegetation interspersed with bare, open areas, are frequently exposed to wildfire. During summer, long dry periods are occasionally interrupted by rainfall events. It is well known that rewetting of dry soil induces a flush of respiration. However, the magnitude of the flush may differ between vegetation patches and open areas because of different organic matter content, which could be further modulated by wildfire. Soils were collected from under trees, under shrubs or in open areas in unburnt and burnt sandy mallee woodland, where part of the woodland experienced a wildfire which destroyed or damaged most of the aboveground plant parts 4 months before sampling. In an incubation experiment, the soils were exposed to two moisture treatments: constantly moist (CM) and drying and rewetting (DRW). In CM, soils were incubated at 80 % of maximum water holding capacity (WHC) for 19 days; in DRW, soils were dried for 4 days, kept dry for another 5 days, then rewetted to 80 % WHC and maintained at this water content until day 19. Soil respiration decreased during drying and was very low in the dry period; rewetting induced a respiration flush. Compared to soil under shrubs and in open areas, cumulative respiration per gram of soil in CM and DRW was greater under trees, but lower when expressed per gram of total organic carbon (TOC). Organic matter content, available P, and microbial biomass C, but not available N, were greater under trees than in open areas. Wild fire decreased the flush of respiration per gram of TOC in the open areas and under shrubs, and reduced TOC and microbial biomass C (MBC) concentrations only under trees, but had little effect on available N and P concentrations. We conclude that the impact of wildfire and DRW events on nutrient cycling differs among vegetation patches of a native semi-arid woodland which is related to organic matter amount and availability.
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Taylor, Jennifer E., Murray V. Ellis, and Laura Rayner. "Growth, recruitment and attrition of Eucalyptus tree species in semi-arid temperate woodland." Forest Ecology and Management 331 (November 2014): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.07.023.
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Balugani, E., M. W. Lubczynski, L. Reyes-Acosta, C. van der Tol, A. P. Francés, and K. Metselaar. "Groundwater and unsaturated zone evaporation and transpiration in a semi-arid open woodland." Journal of Hydrology 547 (April 2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.042.
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Jin, Hong-Mei, Osbert Jianxin Sun, Zhong-Kui Luo, and Jin Liu. "Dynamics of soil respiration in sparse Ulmus pumila woodland under semi-arid climate." Ecological Research 24, no. 4 (August 28, 2008): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0544-7.
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Mitchell, Patrick J., Erik Veneklaas, Hans Lambers, and Stephen S. O. Burgess. "Partitioning of evapotranspiration in a semi-arid eucalypt woodland in south-western Australia." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149, no. 1 (January 2009): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.07.008.
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Williams, David G., and James R. Ehleringer. "Carbon isotope discrimination in three semi-arid woodland species along a monsoon gradient." Oecologia 106, no. 4 (June 1996): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00329701.
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Noble, JC. "Relict Surface-Soil Features in Semi-Arid Mulga (Acacia Aneura) Woodlands." Rangeland Journal 15, no. 1 (1993): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The physical dimensions and locations of two forms of circular surface-soil features, believed to be constructed by animals now locally extinct, are described for a 200 ha site and its environs in a semi- arid mulga (Acacia mura) woodland in north-western New South Wales. The most common were 48 circular (c. 10 m diameter) features, some with well-defined central depressions carrying vigorous grass tussocks. Soil chemical analysis indicated the relatively high fertility of these central depressions. Surface pebbles were analysed for comparison with similar lithological data in the literature. The evidence suggests that the malleefowl (Leipoa ocerlata) is the most likely agent responsible for building these features. While only four of the larger features (c. 30 m diameter) were located in the study site, they were particularly conspicuous on higher ridges in adjoining paddocks because of the abundance of highly reflective, calcrete fragments visible on the surface of subcircular mounds. It is postulated that they were constructed by the bumowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur).
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Soltani, Ali, Hamdollah Sadeghi Kaji, and Saleh Kahyani. "Effects of different land-use systems (grazing and understory cultivation) on growth and yield of semi-arid oak coppices." Journal of Forestry Research 31, no. 6 (October 30, 2019): 2235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01063-z.
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Abstract The present study examines the extent of negative effects of traditional multiple land-use systems on oak coppices, from a forest management point of view. The study area was located in approximately 10,000 ha of hilly Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) woodlands in the central Zagros Mountains. In the same site-quality class, three land-use systems were compared: simple coppice (Co), coppice in conjunction with small ruminant grazing (CoG), and coppice with understory rain-fed wheat cultivation plus grazing (CoCG). Data on total wood volume of trunk and major branches, and annual ring growth, were collected and analyzed from 74 stands in 15 coppiced woodland patches. The results showed the advantage of Co over CoG and CoCG land-uses by 43 and 60 m3 of mean accumulated wood volume per hectare, respectively. The diameter growth analysis also revealed an annual increase in wood production of trees in Co land-uses over 43 years, with an exception of the recent decade, when growth coincided with a severe drought. Using a back-extrapolation method, the minimum rotation age of woodlands in Co land-use was found to be 23.6 years, 5 and 7 years shorter than those of CoG and CoCG land-uses, respectively. Unlike CoCG, woodlands located in Co and CoG land-use systems demonstrated a high level of agreement with self-thinning rule of − 3/2. Values for the stand density index for coppiced oak woodlands were between more than 1000 for the least disturbed (Co) and less than 400 for the most disturbed woodlands (CoCG). The structure and growth rate of the coppiced oak woodlands were irreversibly disrupted by understory tillage plus grazing and in less extent by grazing alone. It was concluded that ending undergrowth cultivation in semi-arid oak coppices should be addressed as a priority by adopting minimum regulations.
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Dong, Yi, Dongqin Yin, Xiang Li, Jianxi Huang, Wei Su, Xuecao Li, and Hongshuo Wang. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Vegetation NDVI in Association with Climatic, Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors in the Loess Plateau, China during 2000–2015: Quantitative Analysis Based on Geographical Detector Model." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (October 30, 2021): 4380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Loess Plateau (LP) of China, the vegetation degradation and soil erosion problems have been shown to be curbed after the implementation of the Grain for Green program. In this study, the LP is divided into the northwestern semi-arid area and the southeastern semi-humid area using the 400 mm isohyet. The spatial–temporal evolution of the vegetation NDVI during 2000–2015 are analyzed, and the driving forces (including factors of climate, environment, and human activities) of the evolution are quantitatively identified using the geographical detector model (GDM). The results showed that the annual mean NDVI in the entire LP was 0.529, and it decreased from the semi-humid area (0.619) to the semi-arid area (0.346). The mean value of the coefficient of variation of the NDVI was 0.1406, and it increased from the semi-humid area (0.1165) to the semi-arid area (0.1926). The annual NDVI growth rate in the entire LP was 0.0079, with the NDVI growing faster in the semi-humid area (0.0093) than in the semi-arid area (0.0049). The largest increments of the NDVI were from grassland, farmland, and woodland. The GDM results revealed that changes in the spatial distribution of the NDVI could be primarily explained by the climatic and environmental factors in the semi-arid area, such as precipitation, soil type, and vegetation type, while the changes were mainly explained by the anthropogenic factors in the semi-humid area, such as the GDP density, land-use type, and population density. The interactive analysis showed that interactions between factors strengthened the impacts on the vegetation change compared with an individual factor. Furthermore, the ranges/types of factors suitable for vegetation growth were determined. The conclusions of this study have important implications for the formulation and implementation of ecological conservation and restoration strategies in different regions of the LP.
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Miller, Georgia, Margaret Friedel, Paul Adam, and Vanessa Chewings. "Ecological impacts of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) invasion in central Australia - does field evidence support a fire-invasion feedback?" Rangeland Journal 32, no. 4 (2010): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) has invaded extensive areas of arid and semi-arid Australia following its introduction as a pasture species and for erosion control. It has been suggested that buffel grass has initiated a positive fire-invasion feedback in central Australia, disrupting existing fire regimes, encouraging further buffel grass invasion, and disadvantaging the native woody flora in particular, but this hypothesis has not been tested quantitatively. This study investigated recently burnt woodland areas near Alice Springs for evidence of a fire-invasion feedback, including the impact of changing fire behaviour (intensity) on the native woodland overstorey flora. Despite the limitations inherent in a short study of ecological processes in a highly heterogeneous environment, substantial field evidence was found to support the existence of a buffel grass-initiated fire-invasion feedback. Buffel grass invasion was significantly correlated with increased fuel loads. Increased fuel loads were significantly correlated with increased burn severity, although the direct relationship between the proportion of buffel grass and increased burn severity was marginally non-significant. High field variance resulted in inadequate power to test whether or not the relative abundance of buffel grass had increased in the post-fire community. Burn severity was significantly correlated with the mortality of woodland overstorey species, and with the proportion of fire survivors that were reduced to basal resprouts. Seedling density of canopy species was low. It appears likely that future recruitment of canopy species will be hindered by the dense post-fire reestablishment of buffel grass cover at some sites. The overstorey flora is thus likely to be adversely affected by increased severity of fire associated with buffel grass invasion. As a result, there may be major change in the structure and composition of some woodlands.
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Holt, John A. "Carbon mineralization in semi-arid northeastern Australia: the role of termites." Journal of Tropical Ecology 3, no. 3 (August 1987): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002121.
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ABSTRACTThe contribution of a population of mound building, detritivorous termites (Amitermes laurensis (Mjöberg)) to nett carbon mineralization in an Australian tropical semi-arid woodland has been examined. Carbon mineralization rates were estimated by measuring daily CO2 flux from five termite mounds at monthly intervals for 12 months. Carbon flux from the mounds was found to be due to microbial activity as well as termite activity. It is conservatively estimated that the association of A. laurensis and the microbial population present in their mounds is responsible for between 4%–10% of carbon mineralized in this ecosystem, and the contribution of all termites together (mound builders and subterranean) may account for up to 20% of carbon mineralized. Regression analysis showed that rates of carbon mineralization in termite mounds were significantly related to mound moisture and mound temperature. Soil moisture was the most important factor in soil carbon mineralization, with temperature and a moisture X temperature interaction term also exerting significant affects.
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Sandell, P. R. "Implications of rabbit haemorrhagic disease for the short-term recovery of semi-arid woodland communities in north-west Victoria." Wildlife Research 29, no. 6 (2002): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00089.
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As part of the National RHD Monitoring and Surveillance Program, an investigation was conducted into the implications of reduced rabbit abundance (as a consequence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease, RHD) for the recovery of degraded woodlands in the Hattah area of north-west Victoria. Both structural and floristic changes were assessed within woodland communities, which are at risk after 140 years of intensive grazing. General recovery in the pasture layer was demonstrated in terms of the improved status of 'decreaser' plant response groups — palatable species. 'Increasers' (weeds) were also found to have benefited in some circumstances but not to the same extent as the decreaser groups. Evidence of structural changes was restricted to increased persistence of sucker regrowth, particularly of cattle bush (Alectryon oleifolius subsp. canescens). No evidence was found of widespread germination of woody seedlings, which is not surprising given the episodic nature of such regeneration events. The interaction of grazers was also investigated by means of a network of grazing exclosures. Less floristic benefit was associated with relatively high kangaroo densities at one location and with stock grazing at another.
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Hodgkinson, K. C. "Shrub Recruitment Response to Intensity and Season of Fire in a Semi-Arid Woodland." Journal of Applied Ecology 28, no. 1 (April 1991): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404113.
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