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1
Li, Liang, Weirui Ye, Mingsheng Long, Yateng Tang, Jin Xu, and Jianmin Wang. "Simultaneous Learning of Pivots and Representations for Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 8220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cross-domain sentiment classification aims to leverage useful knowledge from a source domain to mitigate the supervision sparsity in a target domain. A series of approaches depend on the pivot features that behave similarly for polarity prediction in both domains. However, the engineering of such pivot features remains cumbersome and prevents us from learning the disentangled and transferable representations from rich semantic and syntactic information. Towards learning the pivots and representations simultaneously, we propose a new Transferable Pivot Transformer (TPT). Our model consists of two networks: a Pivot Selector that learns to detect transferable n-gram pivots from contexts, and a Transferable Transformer that learns to generate domain-invariant representations by modeling the correlation between pivot and non-pivot words. The Pivot Selector and Transferable Transformer are jointly optimized through end-to-end back-propagation. We experiment with real tasks of cross-domain sentiment classification over 20 domain pairs where our model outperforms prior arts.
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Velleman, Dan, David Beaver, Emilie Destruel, Dylan Bumford, Edgar Onea, and Liz Coppock. "It-clefts are IT (Inquiry Terminating) constructions." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 22 (September 3, 2012): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v22i0.2640.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We offer a new analysis of the semantics of the English it-cleft, building on recent work on exclusive particles such as "only." The analysis emphasizes the discourse function of clefts — which, we claim, is to terminate a line of inquiry by marking an answer as complete. It accounts for the semantic effects — not previously appreciated — of focus placement within the cleft pivot. It also provides a solution to a previously discussed problem with the projection of exhaustivity from embedded contexts.
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Castro-Bleda, Maria Jose, Eszter Iklódi, Gábor Recski, and Gábor Borbély. "Towards a Universal Semantic Dictionary." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A novel method for finding linear mappings among word embeddings for several languages, taking as pivot a shared, multilingual embedding space, is proposed in this paper. Previous approaches learned translation matrices between two specific languages, while this method learns translation matrices between a given language and a shared, multilingual space. The system was first trained on bilingual, and later on multilingual corpora as well. In the first case, two different training data were applied: Dinu’s English–Italian benchmark data, and English–Italian translation pairs extracted from the PanLex database. In the second case, only the PanLex database was used. The system performs on English–Italian languages with the best setting significantly better than the baseline system given by Mikolov, and it provides a comparable performance with more sophisticated systems. Exploiting the richness of the PanLex database, the proposed method makes it possible to learn linear mappings among an arbitrary number of languages.
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David, P. "Using Pivot Consistency to Decompose and Solve Functional CSPs." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 2 (May 1, 1995): 447–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many studies have been carried out in order to increase thesearch efficiency of constraint satisfaction problems; among them,some make use of structural properties of the constraintnetwork; others take into account semantic properties of theconstraints, generally assuming that all the constraints possessthe given property. In this paper, we propose a new decompositionmethod benefiting from both semantic properties of functional constraints (not bijective constraints) and structuralproperties of the network; furthermore, not all the constraints needto be functional. We show that under some conditions, the existenceof solutions can be guaranteed. We first characterize a particularsubset of the variables, which we name a root set. We thenintroduce pivot consistency, a new local consistency which is aweak form of path consistency and can be achieved in O(n^2d^2)complexity (instead of O(n^3d^3) for path consistency), and wepresent associated properties; in particular, we show that anyconsistent instantiation of the root set can be linearly extended to a solution, which leads to the presentation of the aforementioned new method for solving by decomposing functional CSPs.
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de Albuquerque, Anesmar Olino, Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Júnior, Osmar Luiz Ferreira de Carvalho, Pablo Pozzobon de Bem, Pedro Henrique Guimarães Ferreira, Rebeca dos Santos de Moura, Cristiano Rosa Silva, Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso Gomes, and Renato Fontes Guimarães. "Deep Semantic Segmentation of Center Pivot Irrigation Systems from Remotely Sensed Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The center pivot irrigation system (CPIS) is a modern irrigation technique widely used in precision agriculture due to its high efficiency in water consumption and low labor compared to traditional irrigation methods. The CPIS is a leader in mechanized irrigation in Brazil, with growth forecast for the coming years. Therefore, the mapping of center pivot areas is a strategic factor for the estimation of agricultural production, ensuring food security, water resources management, and environmental conservation. In this regard, digital processing of satellite images is the primary tool allowing regional and continuous monitoring with low costs and agility. However, the automatic detection of CPIS using remote sensing images remains a challenge, and much research has adopted visual interpretation. Although CPIS presents a consistent circular shape in the landscape, these areas can have a high internal variation with different plantations that vary over time, which is difficult with just the spectral behavior. Deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is an emerging approach that provokes a revolution in image segmentation, surpassing traditional methods, and achieving higher accuracy and efficiency. This research aimed to evaluate the use of deep semantic segmentation of CPIS from CNN-based algorithms using Landsat-8 surface reflectance images (seven bands). The developed methodology can be subdivided into the following steps: (a) Definition of three study areas with a high concentration of CPIS in Central Brazil; (b) acquisition of Landsat-8 images considering the seasonal variations of the rain and drought periods; (c) definition of CPIS datasets containing Landsat images and ground truth mask of 256×256 pixels; (d) training using three CNN architectures (U-net, Deep ResUnet, and SharpMask); (e) accuracy analysis; and (f) large image reconstruction using six stride values (8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256). The three methods achieved state-of-the-art results with a slight prevalence of U-net over Deep ResUnet and SharpMask (0.96, 0.95, and 0.92 Kappa coefficients, respectively). A novelty in this research was the overlapping pixel analysis in the large image reconstruction. Lower stride values had improvements quantified by the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC curve) and Kappa, and fewer errors in the frame edges were also perceptible. The overlapping images significantly improved the accuracy and reduced the error present in the edges of the classified frames. Additionally, we obtained greater accuracy results during the beginning of the dry season. The present study enabled the establishment of a database of center pivot images and an adequate methodology for mapping the center pivot in central Brazil.
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Khamayseh, Faisal T. "Inferring Student's Chat Topic in Colloquial Arabic Text using Semantic Representation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.10403.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the colloquial Arabic is now widespread it is required to describe the collection and classification of a multi-dialectal corpus of Arabic. Nowadays, colloquial multi-dialectal comes in almost country based forms such as Egyptian, Iraqi, Levantine, Tunisian, etc. This paper discusses a new method for analyzing the conversation of the educational chat room using Corpus for Palestinian Arabic and Stanford Tagger. This method represents the key words using semantic net-like representation to obtain the main subjects of the conversation. The main subject of the chat is obtained using the proposed method which shows a high accuracy. Using Arabic Corpus, Stanford Tagger and percentage of words will add more accuracy. The study also examines the effect of pivot distribution based on occurrences and <em>betweeness</em> values of the pivots over the text. This study examines some of the characteristics of the texts written in colloquial Arabic dialect and analyzes the free expressive Arabic statements. The results of the paper show that the core can be determined by combining both the occurrences and the distribution of the word over the conversation.
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Khamayseh, Faisal T. "Inferring Student's Chat Topic in Colloquial Arabic Text using Semantic Representation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.pp1897-1906.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the colloquial Arabic is now widespread it is required to describe the collection and classification of a multi-dialectal corpus of Arabic. Nowadays, colloquial multi-dialectal comes in almost country based forms such as Egyptian, Iraqi, Levantine, Tunisian, etc. This paper discusses a new method for analyzing the conversation of the educational chat room using Corpus for Palestinian Arabic and Stanford Tagger. This method represents the key words using semantic net-like representation to obtain the main subjects of the conversation. The main subject of the chat is obtained using the proposed method which shows a high accuracy. Using Arabic Corpus, Stanford Tagger and percentage of words will add more accuracy. The study also examines the effect of pivot distribution based on occurrences and <em>betweeness</em> values of the pivots over the text. This study examines some of the characteristics of the texts written in colloquial Arabic dialect and analyzes the free expressive Arabic statements. The results of the paper show that the core can be determined by combining both the occurrences and the distribution of the word over the conversation.
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Zhang, Yiming, Haozheng Liu, Jiaming Feng, and Xu Zhang. "Innovative Label Embedding for Food Safety Comment Classification: Fusion of Self-Semantic and Self-Knowledge Features." HighTech and Innovation Journal 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hij-2024-05-01-013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food safety comment classification represents a specialized task within the realm of text classification. The objective is to efficiently identify a large volume of food safety comments, aiding relevant authorities in timely food analysis and safety alerts. Traditional methods typically employ one-hot encoding for label processing. However, in real-world situations, classified labels often convey valuable semantic information and guidance. This paper introduces an innovative approach to enhance the classification performance of food safety comments by embedding label information. Initially, we extracted generic sentiment pivot words from various classification labels as label description information. Subsequently, we employ a joint embedding approach to integrate this label description information into the text. This process will pool the expressions of the pivot word into the corresponding sentiment labels in the known domains after averaging to get the embedded expression. This aims to acquire highly detailed self-semantic feature vectors and self-knowledge feature vectors that are integrated with labeled descriptive information. Then, feed the semantic representation of comments and the word-embedded representation of labeled description information into a time-step-based multilayer Bi-LSTM and a step-based multilayer CNN, respectively. Ultimately, we concatenate these two feature vectors to facilitate matching, thereby fusing the self-semantic and self-knowledge features of labeled description information to train a classification model for food safety comments. Experimental results on the food safety comment dataset showcase a noteworthy improvement of 1.74% and 1.27% in Macro_Precision and Macro_F1 metrics, respectively, compared to BERT, BERT-RNN, and BERT-CNN. Through extensive ablation experiments and additional studies, our method effectively embeds labeling information, demonstrating a clear advantage over traditional methods in the task of classifying food safety comments. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-01-013 Full Text: PDF
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Izre'el, Shlomo. "The syntax of existential constructions." Journal of Speech Sciences 11 (July 11, 2022): e022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v11i00.16181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study, in two parts, endeavors a novel analysis of existential constructions, based on a different theoretical setting of clause structure, where the predicate is taken as a necessary and sufficient constituent of the clause. Leaning on this perception, the analyses of existential constructions developed here tries to overcome the discrepancy between form and (semantic and informational) meaning in Hebrew existential constructions. The main part of the study deals with affirmative existential-presentative constructions, used to introduce referents into the discourse. Most of the constructions have been analyzed as consisting of an existential constituent, viewed as a modal marker, and a pivot, regarded as the core component of the predicate domain. This analysis is shown to be valid for both the existential marker jeʃ and for its suppletive verbal forms, derived from √hjj ‘be’. A distinction is made between verbal forms with non-referential and referential verb-bound person markers, where the latter, found with expected, known or given pivots, function as focus marking devices, coming in complementary distribution with prosodic marking of focus. Thus, presentative-existential sentences are formed as unipartite sentences, consisting of only a predicate domain. The last two sections of Part I deal with constructions where the existential constituent follows the pivot and with constructions where the pivot is definite. Part II deals with other existential constructions, including negative constructions; bipartite existential sentences; existential constituents as sole constituents in a sentence; existential constituents with clitic referential markers; and the use of existential markers as interjections or discourse markers.
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Chen, Xinyu, Jiajie Xu, Rui Zhou, Pengpeng Zhao, Chengfei Liu, Junhua Fang, and Lei Zhao. "S2R-tree: a pivot-based indexing structure for semantic-aware spatial keyword search." GeoInformatica 24, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10707-019-00372-z.
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Tang, Jiwen, Zheng Zhang, Lijun Zhao, and Ping Tang. "Increasing Shape Bias to Improve the Precision of Center Pivot Irrigation System Detection." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Irrigation is indispensable in agriculture. Center pivot irrigation systems are popular means of irrigation since they are water-efficient and labor-saving. Monitoring center pivot irrigation systems provides important information for the understanding of agricultural production, water resources consumption and environmental change. Deep learning has become an effective approach for object detection and semantic segmentation. Recent studies have shown that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are prone to be texture-biased rather than shape-biased, and increasing shape bias can improve the robustness and performance of CNNs. In this study, a simple yet effective method was proposed to increase shape bias in object detection networks to improve the precision of center pivot irrigation system detection. We extracted edge images of training samples and integrated them into the training data to increase shape bias in the networks. With the proposed shape increasing training scheme, we evaluated and compared PVANET and YOLOv4. Experiments with the images in Mato Grosso have shown that both PVANET and YOLOv4 achieved improved performance, which demonstrated the validity of the proposed method.
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Graf, Lukas, Heike Bach, and Dirk Tiede. "Semantic Segmentation of Sentinel-2 Imagery for Mapping Irrigation Center Pivots." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 3937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233937.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Estimating the number and size of irrigation center pivot systems (CPS) from remotely sensed data, using artificial intelligence (AI), is a potential information source for assessing agricultural water use. In this study, we identified two technical challenges in the neural-network-based classification: Firstly, an effective reduction of the feature space of the remote sensing data to shorten training times and increase classification accuracy is required. Secondly, the geographical transferability of the AI algorithms is a pressing issue if AI is to replace human mapping efforts one day. Therefore, we trained the semantic image segmentation algorithm U-NET on four spectral channels (U-NET SPECS) and the first three principal components (U-NET principal component analysis (PCA)) of ESA/Copernicus Sentinel-2 images on a study area in Texas, USA, and assessed the geographic transferability of the trained models to two other sites: the Duero basin, in Spain, and South Africa. U-NET SPECS outperformed U-NET PCA at all three study areas, with the highest f1-score at Texas (0.87, U-NET PCA: 0.83), and a value of 0.68 (U-NET PCA: 0.43) in South Africa. At the Duero, both models showed poor classification accuracy (f1-score U-NET PCA: 0.08; U-NET SPECS: 0.16) and segmentation quality, which was particularly evident in the incomplete representation of the center pivot geometries. In South Africa and at the Duero site, a high rate of false positive and false negative was observed, which made the model less useful, especially at the Duero test site. Thus, geographical invariance is not an inherent model property and seems to be mainly driven by the complexity of land-use pattern. We do not consider PCA a suited spectral dimensionality reduction measure in this. However, shorter training times and a more stable training process indicate promising prospects for reducing computational burdens. We therefore conclude that effective dimensionality reduction and geographic transferability are important prospects for further research towards the operational usage of deep learning algorithms, not only regarding the mapping of CPS.
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Velasco, Daniel García. "Modification and context." Open Linguistics 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 524–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2022-0206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) assumes a strict separation between representational and interpersonal meaning, which are captured in independent levels within the grammar, and utterance meaning, which arises in contexts of language use. This article argues that this division of labour is problematic for the treatment of modifiers in the noun phrase (non-subsective adjectives in particular), which induce semantic changes in the designation of the noun they modify. It is further claimed that the view of semantics in the model should pivot around a weak interpretation of the notion of compositionality, which allows the modulation of linguistic meaning in context in the dynamic construction of term structures. This is shown to be compatible with the basic tenets of functional linguistics that FDG endorses and very much in line with the contextualist tradition that treats linguistic expressions as propositionally underspecified units which can be truth-conditionally enriched in actual use. The article shows that only minor modifications are necessary in the model, which basically amount to increasing the functional role of the Contextualizer.
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Lien, Chinfa. "Idioms in Verb-object Constructions." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2007): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-90000030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the issues of idioms in verb-object constructions in Taiwanese Southern Min and Mandarin. The idioms in question fall into two categories: (1) idioms that express a personal behavior, and (2) idioms that show an interpersonal relationship. The second type can be further divided into two subtypes: (2a) cases where only two parties are involved, and (2b) cases that feature a tripartite relationship. Such a semantic distinction carries its syntactic consequences. There is also a fine-grained distinction among idioms in terms of degree of semantic compositionality: (1) idioms that are characterized by an absolute non-compositionality, and (2) idioms in which the meanings of some constituents are calculatable in terms of the mechanism of metaphor. Some idioms of the former type can be analyed vis-a-vis the pivot based upon homophony. Referntiality of the object in the verb-object construction has an intimate relationship with its syntactic flexibility.
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Friberg Heppin, Karin, and Maria Toporowska Gronostaj. "Exploiting FrameNet for Swedish." Constructions and Frames 6, no. 1 (August 19, 2014): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.6.1.04hep.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents work on developing Swedish FrameNet (SweFN) as a resource analogous to the original Berkeley-based FrameNet. We describe the theoretical and practical basics of FrameNet, and articulate some multilingual issues that arise in expanding a linguistic resource from one language to another. SweFN uses FrameNet as a starting point in order to save time and effort, and to make it compatible with other FrameNet-based resources. The lexical units are from the pivot lexicon SALDO, making SweFN compatible with other resources of the larger project SweFN++. It is a corpus-based resource, meant to support tasks within natural language processing relying on semantic data.
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Et. al., K. P. Moholkar ,. "Question Classification for Efficient QA System." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Natural Language Processing (NLP), a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI), supports the machine to understand and manipulate the human languages in different sectors. Subsequently, the Question and answering scheme using Machine learning is a challengeable task. For an efficient QA system, understanding the category of a question plays a pivot role in extracting suitable answer. Computers can answer questions requiring single, verifiable answers but fail to answer subjective question demanding deeper understanding of question. Subjective questions can take different forms entailing deeper, multidimensional understanding of context. Identifying the intent of the question helps to extract expected answer from a given passage. Pretrained language models (LMs) have demonstrated excellent results on many language tasks. The paper proposes model of deep learning architecture in hierarchical pattern to learn the semantic of question and extracting appropriate answer. The proposed method converts the given context to fine grained embedding to capture semantic and positional representation, identifies user intent and employs a encoder model to concentrate on answer span. The proposed methods show a remarkable improvement over existing system
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Moosavinasab, Soheil, Emre Sezgin, Huan Sun, Jeffrey Hoffman, Yungui Huang, and Simon Lin. "DeepSuggest: Using Neural Networks to Suggest Related Keywords for a Comprehensive Search of Clinical Notes." ACI Open 05, no. 01 (January 2021): e1-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729982.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objective A large amount of clinical data are stored in clinical notes that frequently contain spelling variations, typos, local practice-generated acronyms, synonyms, and informal words. Instead of relying on established but infrequently updated ontologies with keywords limited to formal language, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI) assistant (named “DeepSuggest”) that interactively offers suggestions to expand or pivot queries to help overcome these challenges. Methods We applied an unsupervised neural network (Word2Vec) to the clinical notes to build keyword contextual similarity matrix. With a user's input query, DeepSuggest generates a list of relevant keywords, including word variations (e.g., formal or informal forms, synonyms, abbreviations, and misspellings) and other relevant words (e.g., related diagnosis, medications, and procedures). Human intelligence is then used to further refine or pivot their query. Results DeepSuggest learns the semantic and linguistic relationships between the words from a large collection of local notes. Although DeepSuggest is only able to recall 0.54 of Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) synonyms on average among the top 60 suggested terms, it covers the semantic relationship in our corpus for a larger number of raw concepts (6.3 million) than SNOMED ontology (24,921) and is able to retrieve terms that are not stored in existing ontologies. The precision for the top 60 suggested words averages at 0.72. Usability test resulted that DeepSuggest is able to achieve almost twice the recall on clinical notes compared with Epic (average of 5.6 notes retrieved by DeepSuggest compared with 2.6 by Epic). Conclusion DeepSuggest showed the ability to improve retrieval of relevant clinical notes when implemented on a local corpus by suggesting spelling variations, acronyms, and semantically related words. It is a promising tool in helping users to achieve a higher recall rate for clinical note searches and thus boosting productivity in clinical practice and research. DeepSuggest can supplement established ontologies for query expansion.
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Belmamoune, Mounia, and Fons J. Verbeek. "Developmental Anatomy Ontology of Zebrafish: an Integrative semantic framework." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2007): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2007-65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary Integration of information is quintessential to make use of the wealth of bioinformatics resources. One aspect of integration is to make databases interoperable through well annotated information. With new databases one strives to store complementary information and such results in collections of heterogeneous information systems. Concepts in these databases need to be connected and ontologies typically provide a common terminology to share information among different resources.Our focus of research is the zebrafish and we have developed several information systems in which ontologies are crucial. Pivot is an ontology describing the developmental anatomy, referred to as the Developmental Anatomy Ontolgoy of Zebrafish (DAOZ). The anatomical and temporal concepts are provided by the Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN) and proven within the research community. We have constructed a 3D digital atlas of zebrafish development based on histology; the atlas is series of volumetric models; in each instance, every volume element is assigned to an anatomical term. Complementing the atlas we developed an information system with 3D patterns of gene expression in zebrafish development based on marker genes. The spatial and temporal annotations to these 3D images are drawn from the ontology that we have designed. In its design the DAOZ ontology is structured as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Such is required to find unique concept paths and prevent self referencing.As we need to address the ontology in a direct manner, the DAG structure is transferred to a database. The database is used in the integration of our databases that share concepts at different levels of aggregation. In order to make sure that sufficient levels of aggregation for applications in mind are present, the original vocabulary was enriched with more relations and concepts. Both databases can now be addressed with the same unique terms and co-occurrence and co-expression of genes can be readily extracted from the databases. Integration can be further extended to the ZFIN resource and also by including ontologies that relate to gene/gene expression (e.g. Gene Ontology). In this manner, interoperable information retrieval from heterogeneous databases can be realized. This greatly facilitates processing complex information and retrieving relations in the data through machine learning approaches.
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Tang, Jiuyang, Shengze Hu, Ziyang Chen, Hao Xu, and Zhen Tan. "Incorporating Phrases in Latent Query Reformulation for Multi-Hop Question Answering." Mathematics 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10040646.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In multi-hop question answering (MH-QA), the machine needs to infer the answer to a given question from multiple documents. Existing models usually apply entities as basic units in the reasoning path. Then they use relevant entities (in the same sentence or document) to expand the path and update the information of these entities to finish the QA. The process might add an entity irrelevant to the answer to the graph and then lead to incorrect predictions. It is further observed that state-of-the-art methods are susceptible to reasoning chains that pivot on compound entities. To make up the deficiency, we present a viable solution, i.e., incorporate phrases in the latent query reformulation method (IP-LQR), which incorporates phrases in the latent query reformulation to improve the cognitive ability of the proposed method for multi-hop question answering. Specifically, IP-LQR utilizes information from relevant contexts to reformulate the question in the semantic space. Then the updated query representations interact with contexts within which the answer is hidden. We also design a semantic-augmented fusion method based on the phrase graph, which is then used to propagate the information. IP-LQR is empirically evaluated on a popular MH-QA benchmark, HotpotQA, and the results of IP-LQR consistently outperform those of the state of the art, verifying its superiority. In summary, by incorporating phrases in the latent query reformulation and employing semantic-augmented embedding fusion, our proposed model can lead to better performance on MH-QA.
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Wan, Yu, Baosong Yang, Derek F. Wong, Lidia S. Chao, Haihua Du, and Ben C. H. Ao. "Unsupervised Neural Dialect Translation with Commonality and Diversity Modeling." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 9130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6448.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a special machine translation task, dialect translation has two main characteristics: 1) lack of parallel training corpus; and 2) possessing similar grammar between two sides of the translation. In this paper, we investigate how to exploit the commonality and diversity between dialects thus to build unsupervised translation models merely accessing to monolingual data. Specifically, we leverage pivot-private embedding, layer coordination, as well as parameter sharing to sufficiently model commonality and diversity among source and target, ranging from lexical, through syntactic, to semantic levels. In order to examine the effectiveness of the proposed models, we collect 20 million monolingual corpus for each of Mandarin and Cantonese, which are official language and the most widely used dialect in China. Experimental results reveal that our methods outperform rule-based simplified and traditional Chinese conversion and conventional unsupervised translation models over 12 BLEU scores.
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Vlachos, Michail, and Daniel Svonava. "Recommendation and visualization of similar movies using minimum spanning dendrograms." Information Visualization 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871612439644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exploration of graph structures is an important topic in data mining and data visualization. This work presents a novel technique for visualizing neighbourhood and cluster relationships in graphs; we also show how this methodology can be used within the setting of a recommendation system. Our technique works by projecting the original object distances onto two dimensions while carefully retaining the ‘backbone’ of important distances. Cluster information is also overlayed on the same projected space. A significant advantage of our approach is that it can accommodate both metric and non-metric distance functions. Our methodology is applied to a visual recommender system for movies to allow easy exploration of the actor–movie bipartite graph. The work offers intuitive movie recommendations based on a selected pivot movie and allows the interactive discovery of related movies based on both textual and semantic features.
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Park, Rosa, and Changgook Youn. "An Analysis on Keywords of Lifelong Education Research in Korea and Abroad by Text Mining Techniques." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 16 (August 31, 2022): 795–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.16.795.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze keywords of articles about lifelong education and to compare trends of study between Korea and Western society through Text Mining techniques. Methods For this purpose, this study collected keywords of articles about lifelong education in Korea and abroad from 2000 to 2020. After that, this study performed the central keyword analysis and the keyword network analysis. Results First, following the analysis of the central keywords, in the case of Korea, the keywords lifelong education (154) and lifelong learning (77) appeared most frequently over the past 20 years and had been forming essential themes and meanings. Meanwhile, in the case of abroad, the keywords adult education (163) and lifelong learning (132) appeared most continually over the same periods, forming momentous themes and meanings. However, comparing the degree of centrality, significantly since 2016, overseas cases have expanded the semantic structure by creating various and complex connections centered on adult education (20) and lifelong learning (22). In contrast, the Korean case has made limited links pivot on lifelong education (10) and lifelong learning (4), showing a quantitative gap. Comparing the keywords that appeared for the first time, particularly after 2016, in overseas cases, new keywords have been created, such as sustainable development goal, digital inclusion, and sociomateriality, and semantic structures are organized in response to changes in context and practice of human learning. On the other hand, the Korean case couldn't develop new themes and meanings, and it showed a pattern of materializing the semantic structure centering on the keywords lifelong education and lifelong learning. Second, due to the keyword network analysis, mainly since 2016, abroad has made various keywords connect with 46 nodes and 42 pairs, systematizing semantic structures. Whereas Korea has been limited in appearing keywords interaction and a semantic structure expansion with only 13 nodes and 10 pairs, confirming the quantitative gap once again. Conclusions Integrating the analysis results, research on lifelong education abroad has reorganized components constantly and actively adapting in response to shifts in the context and practice of human learning. In contrast, the Korean lifelong education research has limitation of connections between the components and restriction of extending semantic structure with time. Therefore, this study suggested presenting a topic that lacked connection or emergence in the Korean lifelong education discourse system compared to other countries and would be proposing a more adaptive discussion expansion.
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Martinez-Gil, Jorge, Shaoyi Yin, Josef Kung, and Franck Morvan. "Matching Large Biomedical Ontologies Using Symbolic Regression Using Symbolic Regression." Journal of Data Intelligence 3, no. 3 (August 2022): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/jdi3.3-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of ontology matching consists of finding the semantic correspondences between two ontologies that, although belonging to the same domain, have been developed separately. Ontology matching methods are of great importance today since they allow us to find the pivot points from which an automatic data integration process can be established. Unlike the most recent developments based on deep learning, this study presents our research efforts on the development of novel methods for ontology matching that are accurate and interpretable at the same time. For this purpose, we rely on a symbolic regression model (implemented via genetic programming) that has been specifically trained to find the mathematical expression that can solve the ground truth provided by experts accurately. Moreover, our approach offers the possibility of being understood by a human operator and helping the processor to consume as little energy as possible. The experimental evaluation results that we have achieved using several benchmark datasets seem to show that our approach could be promising.
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Bril, Isabelle, and Stavros Skopeteas. "The syntax and prosody of focus in Northern Amis (Formosan)." Faits de Langues 52, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05201004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article outlines the strategies for expressing focus in Northern Amis (Formosan). Three types of focus constructions are examined: cleft constructions, focus markers and emphatic lengthening. Focus by clefting is subject to the well-known nominative-only constraint on extraction and relativization found in Formosan and Philippine type languages (Keenan & Comrie 1977), such that a clefted constituent must be the syntactic pivot of the verb in the relative clause containing the presupposition, and its semantic role is co-indexed by the appropriate voice marker on the verb. The other strategies of focus marking do not involve any syntactic restructuring; the focus markers determine the focus domain by their placement on the right side of the focus, while emphatic lengthening is merely a prosodic device locally marking the focused entity. The prosodic examination of these constructions reveals that narrow focus is signaled by a sharp rise, that is aligned with the onset of the stressed syllable of the focus and is optionally accompanied by postfocal de-accenting. These prosodic properties apply to all focus constructions.
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LOUREIRO, Ana Paula, and Silvia BRAMBILLA. "O claro é certo? Os marcadores discursivos claro (PT) e certo (ITA): estudo contrastivo." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 68, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2023.4.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"O claro é certo? Discourse markers claro (PT) and certo (ITA): a contrastive study. The present study aims to compare the dialogical uses of two discourse markers (DM), namely the European Portuguese claro and the Italian certo, by analysing the data extracted from two corpora of spoken language (the Corpus de Referência do Português Contemporâneo and the KIParla corpus). Both claro and certo are part of the group of conversational markers of epistemic modality, which includes a vast set of linguistic expressions revolving around the semantics of ""right"", ""clear"", and ""obvious"". This study shows that in European Portuguese, claro is the most frequent and polysemic DM (the “pivot form”), playing different functions in the construction of interpersonal cooperation and negotiation of meaning: in dialogical contexts, claro can mark cooperative attention, emphatic response, or agreement. To mark such functions, claro can occur within different syntactic and functional patterns, such as repetitions and co-occurrence with other DMs. In the comparison with Italian, data show that certo functions similarly in a great extent of communicative situations, thus concluding that semantic and functional parallelism can be drawn between the two DMs. However, a noteworthy difference in use relies on the speakers’ choice of DM during their communicative exchanges: in European Portuguese, speakers seem to utter different epistemic DMs in a sequence of dialogical turns to signal the same functions, while it does not appear as natural in Italian. On the contrary, Italian speakers appear to use one epistemic DM at a time. This difference, although subtle, may constitute a critical area for translation. Keywords: discourse markers, epistemic discourse markers, dialogue, certo, claro."
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Izre'el, Shlomo. "The syntax of existential constructions." Journal of Speech Sciences 11 (July 1, 2022): e022002. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v11i00.16183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study, in two parts, endeavors a novel analysis of existential constructions, based on a different theoretical setting of clause structure, where the predicate is taken as a necessary and sufficient constituent of the clause. Leaning on this perception, the analyses of existential constructions developed here tries to overcome the discrepancy between form and (semantic and informational) meaning in Hebrew existential constructions. Part I of the study dealt with affirmative existential-presentative constructions, used to introduce referents into the discourse. Most of the constructions were analyzed as consisting of an existential constituent, viewed as a modal marker, and a pivot, regarded as the core component of the predicate domain. This analysis was shown to be valid for both the existential marker jeʃ and for its suppletive verbal forms, derived from √hjj ‘be’. Thus, presentative-existential sentences are formed as unipartite sentences, consisting of only a predicate domain. Part II deals with other existential constructions, including negative constructions; bipartite existential sentences; existential constituents as sole constituents in a sentence; existential constituents with clitic referential markers; and the use of the existential markers as interjections or discourse markers.
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Kuzmina, Yulia Alekseevna. "Gaming Practices of S. M. Solovyov as a Reflection of the Young Symbolists on V. S. Solovyov’s Ideas and Positivist Approach." Человек и культура, no. 3 (March 2023): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2023.3.40867.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The object of the study is the recollections of Solovyov's game practices, depicted in the memoirs of A. Bely and M. A. Beketova. The subject is those mental ideas of the Younger generation of Russian Symbolists about philosophical ideas of V. Solovyov and positivist method, which served as a structure-forming element of such practices. The article constructs a general abstract model of Solovyov's slapsticks. It is revealed that it contains many signs, the signifieds of which are connected with the Young Symbolists' reflection on the ideas of V.S. Solovyov and positivism. By means of the structural-semiotic method the semantic fields and relations of these signs within the game structure are revealed. It is established that the semantic content of such signs in Solovyov's slapsticks is revealed as two different types of epistemology. The conclusion is made that in the worldview of Young Symbolists such types of cognition are opposed to each other. It is concluded that their opposition is the subject pivot of these game practices. The novelty of the research is connected with the fact that the attempt to describe the Young Symbolists' reflection on different types of cognition is carried out not on the material of the artistic and theoretical texts of S. Solovyov, A. Bely and A. Blok, but on the material of their everyday life. This position makes it possible not to dwell only on those layers of reflection which the poets themselves realized and expressed verbally, but also to bring into the research field their ideas which are not were not fully verbalized. The results of this study can then be used to reconstruct more comprehensively the worldview paradigm of the Younger generation of Russian Symbolists.
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Nordrum, Lene, and Mats Johansson. "A multilingual parallel corpus approach to time sufficiency expressions in Scandinavian and English." Lund Journal of English Studies 3 (June 1, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.48148/ljes.v3i.24222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Both the Swedish verb hinna and the Norwegian verb rekke have been shown to encode complex sufficiency meanings involving temporal sufficiency and ability (‘have enough time to be able to do sth’) (Johansson & Nordrum, 2016, 2021), but differ in that hinna always encodes temporal meaning while rekke also has spatial meaning. Interestingly, a third Mainland Scandinavian language, Danish, can also encode complex sufficiency meanings, and is similar to Norwegian rekke in having both spatial and temporal meanings. In this paper, featuring a short background and a multimodal presentation, we explore the meaning and use of the three Scandinavian verbs, hinna, rekke, and nå, in the multilingual parallel corpus OPUS2 (available through the Sketch Engine Web based interface) using English as the pivot language (see Tiedemann, 2012). In the spirit of Johansson (2007), the English correspondences of the Scandinavian verbs are used to shed light on semantic distinctions that may be difficult to spot in monolingual data. The multimodal presentation discusses the possibility that the three verbs in the Scandinavian languages are on a path towards grammaticalization, but at different stages in the process, a discussion which is related to an observation in the literature that verbs with ‘reach’ type meanings tend to grammaticalize into modals (see e.g., Bybee et al, 1994).
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Chen, Shizhe, Qin Jin, and Alexander Hauptmann. "Unsupervised Bilingual Lexicon Induction from Mono-Lingual Multimodal Data." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bilingual lexicon induction, translating words from the source language to the target language, is a long-standing natural language processing task. Recent endeavors prove that it is promising to employ images as pivot to learn the lexicon induction without reliance on parallel corpora. However, these vision-based approaches simply associate words with entire images, which are constrained to translate concrete words and require object-centered images. We humans can understand words better when they are within a sentence with context. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to utilize images and their associated captions to address the limitations of previous approaches. We propose a multi-lingual caption model trained with different mono-lingual multimodal data to map words in different languages into joint spaces. Two types of word representation are induced from the multi-lingual caption model: linguistic features and localized visual features. The linguistic feature is learned from the sentence contexts with visual semantic constraints, which is beneficial to learn translation for words that are less visual-relevant. The localized visual feature is attended to the region in the image that correlates to the word, so that it alleviates the image restriction for salient visual representation. The two types of features are complementary for word translation. Experimental results on multiple language pairs demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, which substantially outperforms previous vision-based approaches without using any parallel sentences or supervision of seed word pairs.
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Diyakov, S. "Semantic Representation of Destructive Experience in the System of Mental Self-Organization of Personality." Клиническая и специальная психология 8, no. 4 (2019): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2019080408.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the aspect of the problem of unconscious mental self-organization of a personality, the subject of the basic semantics of problematic individual experience is determined, which reflects the structure of subconscious destructive anxiety complexes. The analysis of the psychodynamic approach in psychotherapy and modeling of unconscious mental self-organization in the context of synergetics and personality subjectivity is presented. The semantic approach to modeling of consciousness and unconscious structures is considered. The pilot study identified six topics of the basic semantics of anxiety: “I'm afraid”; “It's a shame,” “I can't,” “I don't know,” “It's a shame.” “It's my fault.” The highlighted topics reflect the semantic complexes of anxiety as a natural property of the unconscious mental self-organization of a person. The study confirms the central role of sociocultural factors in the semantic representation and categorization of experience, integrating the system of mental self-organization of a person. The topics of aggression were not found in the semantics of problematic experience, which makes it possible to exclude unconscious aggression as a basal factor of semantics.
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GLADKOVA, ANNA, ULLA VANHATALO, and CLIFF GODDARD. "The semantics of interjections: An experimental study with natural semantic metalanguage." Applied Psycholinguistics 37, no. 4 (July 20, 2015): 841–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716415000260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThe paper reports the results of a pilot experimental study aimed at evaluating natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) explications of English interjections. It proposes a novel online survey technique to test NSM explications with language speakers. The survey tested recently developed semantic explications of selected English interjections as published in Goddard (2014a): wow, gosh, gee, yikes (“surprise” group) and yuck, ugh (“disgust” group). The results provide overall support for the proposed explications and indicate directions for their further development. It is interesting that respondents' preexisting knowledge of NSM and other background variables (age, gender, being a native speaker, or studying linguistics) were shown to have little influence on the test results.
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Karpova, Kateryna. "MEDIA COVERAGE OF SUSTAINABLE FASHION: A LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 2(34) (2023): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2023.34.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Being one of the most exploitative and environmentally unfriendly industries in the world, modern fashion industry is gradually transforming from fast to slow, showing an urgent need for sustainability. Hence, conscious or sustainable fashion as a multidimensional and multifaceted phenomenon can be defined as an awareness about all the inputs and processes in garment making industry, including natural and human resources. Despite all increased media attention to sustainability and related issues, there is still a big gap between theoretical and practical research in the sphere of arts and humanities and other branches of science, such as economy, politics, engineering, building, education etc. Thus, the article analyzes media coverage of sustainability development, namely sustainable fashion, through the prism of modern linguistics. The main purpose, objectives and language data have predetermined the use of general scientific methods (namely, deduction, data collection, interpretation and verification) as well as methods of linguistic research (namely, lexico-semantic and content analyses). The study involves 30 textual fragments selected via continuous sampling method from world-renowned fashion and style magazines, such as Cosmopolitan, Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, Marie Claire, Vanity Fair, Vogue. Moreover, 20 visual images have been chosen with the same intent. Textual and visual content has been studied within the framework of Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA), aiming at synergy of two modes of communication, inter alia, verbal and non-verbal means of presenting information in media. As a result of the analysis it has been confirmed that journalists and columnists of high-end mass media on fashion are using their popularity, reputation and persuasive potential in order to establish a long-term pivot to sustainability in their readers’ minds.
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Dudurich, Olga. "Peculiarities of Semantic and Word-Formation Development of the Lexical Unit пилот". Philology & Human, № 1 (4 лютого 2024): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2024)1-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes the mechanism of the developing of a new meaning of the lexeme пилот in the Russian language. It is proved that the new lexico-semantic variant "experimental, trial" initially arises in the semantic structure of the word pilot in English. Its transition into Russian, however, is not a process of mechanical calquing, but an active process of adaptation of the lexeme in the recipient language. Morphological peculiarities of Russian language determine the introduction of the new meaning in three different forms: the noun пилот, the adjectival phrase пилотный проект and the analytical structure пилот-проект. The neosemantism пилот forms the derivatives пилотировать and пилотаж with the meaning "to manage pilot projects". The adjective пилотный is actively used as an attribute with nouns denoting subjects of testing. The development of semantics introduces into the meaning of the adjective the seme of ʽinnovativenessʼ, which is absent in the donor language.
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Klenin, Emily. "Lexicon and rhetoric in Fet's translation of Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea." Sign Systems Studies 40, no. 1/2 (September 1, 2012): 121–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2012.1-2.07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A. A. Fet's translation of J. W. Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea is an important early example of Fet's lifelong practice as a translator and attests to his well-known fidelity to his source texts. His strongest preference is to maintain the versification characteristics of his source, but the degree of his lexical-semantic fidelity is also very strong and far outranks fidelity on other levels (phonetic, grammatical). The poet evidently translated holistically within very small textual domains, within which he sometimes isolated pivots of core semantic information (which he located in translation as they were in the original), around which less important material was fitted, insofar as space permitted. In Fet's text, versification limitations sometimes led to lexical-semantic mismatches of semantic denotation, and these mismatches are characterized in the paper: they typically involve repetitions, repeated mentions, or known information, and the mismatch may entail full or partial loss or enrichment of the semantics of the original. In addition, conflicts sometimes arise between denotative requirements within the local domain and the cumulative (usually connotative) associations generated across the larger domain of the whole text. When such conflicts arise, Fet resolves them in favour of small-domain accuracy, resulting in semantic changes ('shifts') in the domain of the poetic text, which thereby loses some rhetorical or poetic force, relative to the original. Dissonance between large- and smalldomain semantics is often inevitable, because of the language-specific nature of connotation. To the extent that the semantics of Fet's translation are a consequence of his personal preferences, they may be viewed in the context of, first, his early school training (not far behind him when he translated Hermann und Dorothea) and, second, his status as both professional poet, writing in Russian, and educated native German-Russian bilingual.
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Consigny, Antoine. "Salience and lexical semantics." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 44, no. 1 (2011): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2011.1405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper investigates the concept of salience as applied to lexical semantics. More precisely, it looks at whether one can speak of salience in the semantic features of a given meaning. A pilot study is conducted, in which the different meanings of a polysemous phrasal verb, take off, are described in terms of semantic features. Those features are then compared to each other so as to find out if some can be said to be more salient than others. They are given gradients of salience, making it possible to represent graphically this salience in each meaning. Tentative conclusions are then drawn. It is claimed that it is possible to reintroduce semantic features into the analysis of meaning, though not of the same type as in Componential Analysis (Nida, 1975). Also, different degrees of salience for semantic features might explain some different aspects of a given meaning, as described by Cruse (2001) in terms of facets.
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Jørgensen, Fredrik, and Jan Tore Lønning. "A Minimal Recursion Semantic Analysis of Locatives." Computational Linguistics 35, no. 2 (June 2009): 229–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.06-69-prep5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes a pilot implementation of a grammar containing different types of locative PPs. In particular, we investigate the distinction between static and directional locatives, and between different types of directional locatives. Locatives may act as modifiers as well as referring expressions depending on the syntactic context. We handle this with a single lexical entry. The implementation is of Norwegian locatives, but English locatives are both discussed and compared to Norwegian locatives. The semantic analysis is based on a proposal by Markus Kracht (2002), and we show how this analysis can be incorporated into Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS) (Copestake et al. 2005). We discuss how the resulting system may be applied in a transfer-based machine translation system, and how we can map from a shallow MRS representation to a deeper semantic representation.
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Nerlich, Brigitte, and David D. Clarke. "Polysemy." Historiographia Linguistica 24, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 349–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.24.3.07ner.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary 40 years ago Stephen Ullmann wrote that polysemy was the pivot of semantics. He was referring then to traditional synchronic and diachronic semantics. Nowadays, some 40 years later, polysemy has again become a central topic in cognitive semantics. This article traces the history of this important concept, from Antiquity to the first half of the 20th century. Bréal’s treatment of polysemy is the pivot around which the article itself turns, as it was Bréal who invented the term ‘polysemy’ a century ago.
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L’Homme, Marie-Claude, Elizabeth Marshman, and Antonio San Martín. "Environment terms and translation students." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 68, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00254.lho.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article reports on a pilot study that aims to shed some light on how translation students construe specialized terms. More specifically, we verified their ability to associate environment terms with specific conceptual situations (as understood by Frame Semantics [Fillmore 1976; Fillmore and Baker 2010]). Respondents (27) were asked to complete a questionnaire containing 10 different questions that assessed the association of terms with conceptual situations from different angles. Results show that respondents can associate related terms and link sets of terms to conceptual situations and can make distinctions between the different components of conceptual situations when asked to produce lists of terms or select terms from a predefined list. However, when asked to assess the similarity or difference between specific terms, respondents are less likely to produce the anticipated answer. Our findings suggest that teaching and learning activities inspired by Frame Semantics may be helpful for students to structure their terminological analysis and deal with challenges such as ambiguity and fine semantic distinctions. We hope this can ultimately contribute to helping them make informed, precise and coherent terminological choices.
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Zaharia, Raluca, Laurentiu Vasiliu, Joerg Hoffman, and Eva Klien. "Semantic Execution Meets Geospatial Web Services: A Pilot Application." Transactions in GIS 12 (December 2008): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2008.01135.x.
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Qian, Yufang, and Scott Piao. "The development of a semantic annotation scheme for Chinese kinship." Corpora 4, no. 2 (November 2009): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1749503209000306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we propose a corpus annotation scheme and lexicon for Chinese kinship terms. We modify existing traditional Chinese kinship schemes into a comprehensive semantic field framework that covers kinship semantic categories in contemporary Chinese. The scheme is inspired by the Lancaster USAS (UCREL Semantic Analysis System) taxonomy, which contains categories for English kinship terms. We show how our scheme works with a Chinese kinship semantic lexicon which covers parents, siblings, marital relations, off-spring and same-sex partnerships. The kinship lexicon was created through a pilot study involving the Lancaster University Mandarin Corpus. We foresee that our annotation scheme and lexicon will provide a framework and resource for the kinship annotation of Chinese corpora and corpus-based kinship studies.
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Hanzlícek, P., P. Precková, A. Ríha, M. Dioszegi, L. Seidl, J. Zvárová, and M. Nagy. "Semantic Interoperability in Czech Healthcare Environment Supported by HL7 Version 3." Methods of Information in Medicine 49, no. 02 (2010): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me09-02-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary Objectives: The data interchange in the Czech healthcare environment is mostly based on national standards. This paper describes a utilization of international standards and nomenclatures for building a pilot semantic interoperability platform (SIP) that would serve to exchange information among electronic health record systems (EHR-Ss) in Czech healthcare. The work was performed by the national research project of the “Information Society” program. Methods: At the beginning of the project a set of requirements the SIP should meet was formulated. Several communication standards (open EHR, HL7 v3, DICOM) were analyzed and HL7 v3 was selected to exchange health records in our solution. Two systems were included in our pilot environment: WinMedicalc 2000 and ADAMEKj EHR. Results: HL7-based local information models were created to describe the information content of both systems. The concepts from our original information models were mapped to coding systems supported by HL7 (LOINC, SNOMED CT and ICD-10) and the data exchange via HL7 v3 messages was implemented and tested by querying patient administration data. As a gateway between local EHR systems and the HL7 message-based infrastructure, a configurable HL7 Broker was developed. Conclusions: A nationwide implementation of a full-scale SIP based on HL7 v3 would include adopting and translating appropriate international coding systems and nomenclatures, and developing implementation guidelines facilitating the migration from national standards to international ones. Our pilot study showed that our approach is feasible but it would demand a huge effort to fully integrate the Czech healthcare system into the European e-health context.
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Zhu, Lei. "Accelerating Content-Based Image Retrieval via GPU-Adaptive Index Structure." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/829059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A tremendous amount of work has been conducted in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) on designing effective index structure to accelerate the retrieval process. Most of them improve the retrieval efficiency via complex index structures, and few take into account the parallel implementation of them on underlying hardware, making the existing index structures suffer from low-degree of parallelism. In this paper, a novel graphics processing unit (GPU) adaptive index structure, termed as plane semantic ball (PSB), is proposed to simultaneously reduce the work of retrieval process and exploit the parallel acceleration of underlying hardware. In PSB, semantics are embedded into the generation of representative pivots and multiple balls are selected to cover more informative reference features. With PSB, the online retrieval of CBIR is factorized into independent components that are implemented on GPU efficiently. Comparative experiments with GPU-based brute force approach demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve high speedup with little information loss. Furthermore, PSB is compared with the state-of-the-art approach, random ball cover (RBC), on two standard image datasets, Corel 10 K and GIST 1 M. Experimental results show that our approach achieves higher speedup than RBC on the same accuracy level.
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Ratković, Dragana M. "Phytonymic Pejorative Names for Men in the Pirot Speech (Linguocultural Aspect)." Slavistica Vilnensis 66, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2021.66(2).74.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of the paper are nouns and noun phrases of negative expressive tonality, which primarily name realities from the plant world (plants and their parts, terms related to wood processing), and secondarily people in the Pirot dialect. The analysis also includes derivatives of units that belong to the semantic field “phytonym” and noun phrases whose adjective has a phytonymic meaning. The corpus consists of two dictionaries of the Pirot dialect: Novica Živković [Živković 1987] and Dragoljub Zlatković [Zlatković 2014; 2017]. The author analyzes language units from the linguocultural aspect to answer the questions related to: (1) human characteristics, behaviors and actions in Pirot speech which initiate negative characterization of a person with a phytonymic pejoratives; (2) appointments that reveal evaluation parameters; (3) the relationship between pejoration and laudation on the material of botanical vocabulary and terminology in naming the man in the Pirot dialect and (4) the relation of the phytonymic pejoration of man in the Pirot dialect with the same names in the modern Serbian language. Such a methodological procedure enables (1) reconstruction of the conceptualization of man as a plant outlined by phytonymic pejoratives in the linguistic picture of the world and in the traditional culture of the Pirot region, as well as (2) consideration of relations and determination of (in) similarity with the image of the world in the modern Serbian language developed by the same lexical-semantic means.
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Mościcka, Albina. "Europeana Data Model in GIS for movable heritage." Geografie 120, no. 4 (2015): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2015120040527.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper proposes to use European resources in GIS as a set of multi-spatial objects with semantic relations to the space. It improves the analysis and visualization of geographic or contextual associations between various items. This paper aims to integrate the Europeana Data Model with GIS for movable heritage based on semantic relations of movable objects with the space. All classes and properties of the EDM were analyzed. Classes and properties containing spatial information were examined and their semantic relations to the space were proposed. All aspects of the relations of movable heritage objects and space were taken into consideration, and examples of the GIS-based pilot resources saved with the use of EDM rules are proposed.
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Nee, O., A. Hein, T. Gorath, N. Hülsmann, G. B. Laleci, M. Yuksel, M. Olduz, et al. "SAPHIRE: intelligent healthcare monitoring based on semantic interoperability platform: pilot applications." IET Communications 2, no. 2 (2008): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20060699.
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Davis, Christine H., and Gregory Harrington. "Intensive semantic intervention in fluent aphasia: A pilot study with fMRI." Aphasiology 20, no. 1 (January 2006): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030500331841.
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Hızal, C., G. Gülsu, H. Y. Akgün, B. Kulavuz, T. Bakırman, A. Aydın, and B. Bayram. "FOREST SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION BASED ON DEEP LEARNING USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W9-2024 (March 8, 2024): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w9-2024-229-2024.
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Abstract. Forests are invaluable for maintaining biodiversity, watersheds, rainfall levels, bioclimatic stability, carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation, and the sustainability of large-scale climate regimes. In other words, forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services and livelihoods for the people and play a critical role in influencing global atmospheric cycles. Providing sustainable, reliable, and accurate information on forest cover change is essential for an holistic forest management, efficient use of resources, neutralizing the effects of global warming and better monitoring of deforestation activities. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to perform semantic segmentation of 5 different tree species (larch, red pine, yellow pine, oak, spruce) from Sentinel-2 satellite images. For this purpose, the regions where these tree species are densely populated in Turkey (Marmara, Aegean, Eastern Black Sea) were selected as pilot regions. A unique data set was created using the data of the selected pilot regions. As a result of the study, it was possible to determine the forest types temporally for the selected classes with more than 90% Intersection over Union score for all classes. The developed deep learning model with the created forest data set can be implemented to the other forests areas with same species in other parts of the world.
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Kovalevskaitė, Jolanta, and Laima Jancaitė. "Corpus Pattern Analysis for Learner Lexicography: A Pilot-study of Lithuanian Verbs." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 12 (October 18, 2019): 124–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2019.17235.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this paper is to present a pilot study which applies the framework of Corpus Pattern Analysis (CPA, Hanks 2004) to analyse some Lithuanian verbs which form part of the basic vocabulary. CPA draws on the insights of the corpus-driven language analysis and contextual and functional theory of meaning: a meaning of a word is associated with a specific lexical and grammatical environment, e.g. corpus patterns which represent an interconnection of lexical and grammatical elements. The CPA procedure is one of the several corpus-driven methods differing from the pattern grammar (Hunston, Francis 2000) in the way that CPA not only uses typical grammatical categories (e.g. word classes) but also introduces semantic values (e.g. semantic types) to distinguish different senses of a word. Semantic types are often the main separator of meanings, especially when two verb senses are associated with the same grammatical pattern. Concerning learners’ dictionaries, CPA could provide learners with more detailed usage data, and this could lead to a better understanding of meaning differences, important both for language reception and language production. After introducing the CPA methodology, we present the CPA analysis of two Lithuanian verbs, namely, the inductive procedure followed to observe and define meaning-related patterning. We also discuss the problematic issues related to the application of CPA as identified in this study and mentioned by other CPA practitioners. First, observing and defining corpus patterns is a challenging task for lexicographers, especially because of the pattern / meaning division and generalizations related to semantic types. The second problematic aspect is automatization in the process of pattern recognition. The third issue relates to foreign language learners as a target group: meaning-related patterning observed in the data has to be presented in a learner dictionary in a user-friendly way.
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Rahwan, Iyad, Bita Banihashemi, Chris Reed, Douglas Walton, and Sherief Abdallah. "Representing and classifying arguments on the Semantic Web." Knowledge Engineering Review 26, no. 4 (December 2011): 487–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888911000191.
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AbstractUntil recently, little work has been dedicated to the representation and interchange of informal, semi-structured arguments of the type found in natural language prose and dialogue. To redress this, the research community recently initiated work towards an Argument Interchange Format (AIF). The AIF aims to facilitate the exchange of semi-structured arguments among different argument analysis and argumentation-support tools. In this paper, we present a Description Logic ontology for annotating arguments, based on a new reification of the AIF and founded in Walton's theory of argumentation schemes. We demonstrate how this ontology enables a new kind of automated reasoning over argument structures, which complements classical reasoning about argument acceptability. In particular, Web Ontology Language reasoning enables significantly enhanced querying of arguments through automatic scheme classifications, instance classification, inference of indirect support in chained argument structures, and inference of critical questions. We present the implementation of a pilot Web-based system for authoring and querying argument structures using the proposed ontology.
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Ignacio, Paulo, and Tripp Shealy. "EFFECTS OF BIOPHILIC RESTORATIVE EXPERIENCES ON DESIGNERS' BODIES, BRAINS, AND MINDS." Proceedings of the Design Society 3 (June 19, 2023): 1565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.157.
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AbstractThe research presented in this paper explores a novel method for assessing the effects of biophilic restorative experiences on designers’ cognition by combining the use of physiological, neurocognitive and semantic measures. A total of 12 engineering graduate students participated in a three-step pilot experiment that consisted of (1) a stressor (the Trier Social Stress Test), (2) a destressing intervention (biophilic sound experience), and (3) a design task. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to track subjects’ autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to track patterns of brain activation in subjects’ prefrontal cortex (PFC). Changes in design quality were assessed by the semantic space they explored, measured through a natural language processing (NLP) technique. Preliminary findings suggest that an auditory biophilic restorative experience can change designers’ bodies, brains, and minds. Results from this pilot study encourage further exploration of the use of exposure to nature-based stimuli as a method to help enhance engineering design cognition.