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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Self-test mechanism"

1

Fama, Yuchen, and Vladimir Pozdnyakov. "A test for self-exciting clustering mechanism." Statistics & Probability Letters 81, no. 10 (October 2011): 1541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2011.05.001.

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2

Lindeman, Meghan I. H., Amanda M. Durik, and Maura Dooley. "Women and Self-Promotion: A Test of Three Theories." Psychological Reports 122, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118755096.

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Анотація:
Although self-promotion (communicating one’s past accomplishments and positive characteristics) is important for obtaining career and educational opportunities, women feel uncomfortable when doing it, which limits their self-promotion success. This study tested which of the three possible theoretical mechanisms explained women’s limited self-promotion success: (1) cognitive dissonance, (2) stereotype threat, and (3) backlash avoidance. In this experiment, college women ( N = 123) wrote a scholarship application essay and the ownership of the essay was varied experimentally. The essays were evaluated by the authors themselves and independent judges. The results were most consistent with a backlash avoidance mechanism whereby women feel uncomfortable self-promoting due to perceived social consequences.
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3

Zhou, Kaiyue, Jia Li, Weibing Wang, and Dapeng Chen. "A Self-Test, Self-Calibration and Self-Repair Methodology of Thermopile Infrared Detector." Electronics 10, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10101167.

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To improve the reliability and yield of thermopile infrared detectors, a self-test, self-calibration and self-repair methodology is proposed in this paper. A novel micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) infrared thermopile detector structure is designed in this method with a heating resistor building on the center of the membrane. The heating resistor is used as the stimuli of the sensing element on chip to achieve a self-test, and the responsivity related with ambient temperature can be calibrated by the equivalent model between electrical stimuli and physical stimuli. Furthermore, a fault tolerance mechanism is also proposed to localize the fault and repair the detector if the detector fails the test. The simulation results with faults simulated by the Monte Carlo stochastic model show that the proposed scheme is an effective solution to improve the yield of the MEMS thermopile infrared detector.
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4

Kim, C. H., and Y. B. Lee. "Test Results for Rotordynamic Coefficients of Anti-Swirl Self-Injection Seals." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928873.

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Test results are presented for rotordynamic coefficients and leakage for three annular seals which use an anti-swirl self-injection concept to yield significant improvement in whirl frequency ratios as compared to smooth and damper seals. A new anti-swirl self-injection mechanism is achieved by deliberately machining self-injection holes inside the seal stator to partially divert inlet flow into the anti-swirl direction. The anti-swirl self-injection mechanism is used to achieve effective reduction of the tangential flow which is considered as a prime cause of rotor instability in high performance turbomachinery. Test results show that the self-injection mechanism significantly improves whirl frequency ratios; however, the leakage performance degrades due to the introduction of the self-injection mechanism. Through a series of tests, an optimum anti-swirl self-injection seal which uses a labyrinth stator surface with anti-axial flow injections is selected to obtain a significant improvement in the whirl frequency ratio as compared to a damper seal, while showing moderate leakage performance. The best whirl frequency ratio is achieved by an anti-swirl self-injection seal of 12 holes anti-swirl and 6 degree anti-leakage injection with a labyrinth surface configuration. When compared to a damper seal, the optimum configuration outperforms the whirl frequency ratio by a factor of 2.
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5

Floridia, Andrea, and Ernesto Sanchez. "On-line self-test mechanism for Dual-Core Lockstep System-on-Chips." Microelectronics Reliability 112 (September 2020): 113770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2020.113770.

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6

Sun, Fei F., Lei Xiao, and Hu Cao. "Test and analysis on a novel self-restoring uplift column." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 11 (January 19, 2018): 1620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217753693.

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A novel self-restoring uplift column was proposed to allow uplift of exterior column bases of core-outrigger structures, which may make upper structure rock and hence mitigate seismic damage. The self-restoring uplift column consists of two steel sub-columns, a steel shear panel and several post-tensioned strands. Besides uplift mechanism, energy dissipating and self-restoring mechanisms were involved to dissipate energy and reduce structural residual drift, respectively. Low cycle test of four one-seventh scaled specimens were conducted and then simulated by finite element analysis. Self-restoring capability and satisfactory energy dissipating ability were observed in experimental results. The calibrated finite element models were then used to explore key design issues of the self-restoring uplift column. It was indicated that the elastic state of post-tensioned strands and sufficient restoring force were the two main factors influencing the restoring behavior most. A simplified model for axial behavior of the self-restoring uplift column was developed to simplify the design of the self-restoring uplift column. Finally, key design requirements about gap opening, shear panel, and self-centering capability were discussed.
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7

AN Yuan, 安. 源., 杜一民 DU Yi-min, 贾学志 JIA Xue-zhi, 李. 林. LI Lin, 李. 季. LI Ji, and 柯善良 KE Shan-liang. "Evaluation and test of self-locking ability for focusing mechanism of space camera." Optics and Precision Engineering 26, no. 2 (2018): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20182602.0355.

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8

Liang, Guan Xi, Xian Feng Wang, Zhiwei Qian, Ning Xu Han, and Feng Xing. "Trigger Mechanism of Microcapsule Based Self-Healing Cementitious Material." Materials Science Forum 996 (June 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.996.91.

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A cementitious system embedded in microcapsules can achieve self-healing, and the fracture and triggering behavior of microcapsules is with great importance. In this study, the crack behavior of the concrete-microcapsule system was simulated by a three-dimensional lattice model. Based on the results of the fracture energy test on concrete beams and the nanoindentation test on microcapsules, the local mechanical properties of the lattice elements were determined. The aim of this paper is to set up a three-dimensional lattice model to study the trigger mechanism of the microcapsule-interface-concrete zone.
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9

Kamran, Arezoo, and Zainalabedin Navabi. "Self-Healing Many-Core Architecture: Analysis and Evaluation." VLSI Design 2016 (July 25, 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9767139.

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More pronounced aging effects, more frequent early-life failures, and incomplete testing and verification processes due to time-to-market pressure in new fabrication technologies impose reliability challenges on forthcoming systems. A promising solution to these reliability challenges is self-test and self-reconfiguration with no or limited external control. In this work a scalable self-test mechanism for periodic online testing of many-core processor has been proposed. This test mechanism facilitates autonomous detection and omission of faulty cores and makes graceful degradation of the many-core architecture possible. Several test components are incorporated in the many-core architecture that distribute test stimuli, suspend normal operation of individual processing cores, apply test, and detect faulty cores. Test is performed concurrently with the system normal operation without any noticeable downtime at the application level. Experimental results show that the proposed test architecture is extensively scalable in terms of hardware overhead and performance overhead that makes it applicable to many-cores with more than a thousand processing cores.
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10

Du, Dongdong, Jun Wang, Luxin Xie, and Fanfei Deng. "Design and Field Test of a New Compact Self-Propelled Cabbage Harvester." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 5 (2019): 1243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13327.

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Abstract. As a labor-intensive operation, manual harvesting greatly affects cost and therefore profitability in the cabbage industry. A new compact self-propelled cabbage harvester for small, separate fields was designed and field tested. This harvester included a crawler chassis, a picking mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a cutting device, and a leaf separator. Results of preliminary field tests showed that the harvester had good flexibility and maneuverability. Results of field performance tests showed that the harvester could pick cabbages with diameters of 15 to 25 cm, providing a harvesting capacity of 0.21 hm2 h-1 and a harvest loss of 10.2%. Compared with experiments conducted in traditional fields, harvest quality showed an improvement in fields with an experimental cultivation method. The harvest loss was reduced by 5.0%, while the picking rate and accurate cutting rate were improved by 3.0% and 5.4%, respectively. Keywords: Cabbage, Compact, Field test, Mechanical harvester, Self-propelled.
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Дисертації з теми "Self-test mechanism"

1

Tuna, Matthieu. "Auto-test logiciel des systèmes intégrés sur puce (SOC)." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066120.

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2

Christianto, Heru Ari. "Effect Of Chemical And Mineral Admixtures On The Fresh Properties Of Self Compacting Mortars." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605322/index.pdf.

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Fresh properties of mortars are important factors in altering the performance of self compacting concrete (SCC). Measurement of the rheological properties of the fine mortar part of concrete is generally used in the mix design of SCC. It can be stated that SCC rheology can be optimized if the fine mortar part of concrete is designed properly. However, measurement of the rheological properties is often impractical due to the need for complex equipment. Therefore, more practical methods of assessing mortar workability are often preferred. In this study, four mineral admixtures, three superplasticizers (SP) and two viscosity modifying admixtures (VMA) were used to prepare self compacting mortar (SCM). The mineral admixtures included fly-ash, brick powder, limestone powder, and kaolinite. Two of the SPs were polycarboxylate based and another one was melamine formaldehyde based. One of the viscosity modifying admixtures was based on an aqueous dispersion of microscopic silica and the other one was based on high molecular weight hydroxylated polymer. Within the scope of the experimental program, 43 mixes of SCM were prepared from different materials with keeping the amount of mixing water constant. Workability of the fresh mortar were determined using V - funnel and slump flow tests. The setting time of the mortars, were also determined. The hardened properties that were determined included the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and the strength which was determined at 7, 28, and 56 days. It was concluded that among the mineral admixtures used, only fly-ash and limestone powder increased the workability of the mixes. The two polycarboxylate based SPs yield approximately the same workability and the melamine formaldehyde based SP was not as effective as the other two.
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3

Jhou, Jyun-Sian, and 周俊賢. "Speed Binning and Calibration Mechanism for On-Chip Self Functional Test." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75617085546320039936.

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Анотація:
碩士
逢甲大學
電子工程所
96
Due to integrated circuit process and design technology advance, integrated circuit design develop to system level, and circuit design complexity increase, however, integrated circuit testing have more new challenge, test complexity and test cost increase away, testers can’t process SoC testing to carry question, so the manufacturer advance idea of DFT testers, and DFT circuit not only supply direct and adjutant testing, but also support partial work of testers, it can’t solve traditionally testers questions. Therefore, [3] it advance use wireless-testing Platform solve traditionally tester’s questions and it uses wireless transmission mechanism finish chips testing. The method decrease testers cost, and it become main trend under SoC in future. In this paper, it advances run at-speed testing use wireless-testing technique, it different traditionally at-speed testing change all clock edge, we uses traditionally scan base delay testing technique. The method supplies test pattern to use lower-speed frequency, then use internal circuit change one clock edge signal come to run at-speed testing and speed binning.
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4

Li, Chien-Hsing, and 李建興. "An NoC Router Design with Built-In Self-Test and Fault Tolerance Mechanism." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75948806508355457660.

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Анотація:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
99
Network-on-Chips (NoCs) is a promising interconnect architecture for in System-on-Chips (SoCs) because it exhibits better scalability than the traditional bus architecture. However, NoCs also bring new challenges to manufacturing testing one of which being the limited test access to embedded cores. In this thesis, we propose a built-in self-test (BIST) and fault-tolerance technique for the NoC routers. The proposed BIST scheme covers the FIFO’s and the data path between the FIFO’s of adjacent routers because these components occupy most of the router area. Highly parallelized, the BIST procedure consumes very short test time. A diagnosis module analyzes the BIST results to determine the fault location. If the fault resides in the FIFO’s, the fault tolerance mechanism will be activated so that the faulty register is skipped. For faults that affect one, several, or all input/output channels of a router, one can adopt adaptive routing algorithm to get around the faulty channels or routers. An NoC based on [5] was implemented to validate the proposed techniques. Simulation results show high fault coverage (for stuck-at and transition faults) and high diagnosis resolution with acceptable area overhead.
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5

Kuan-KaiWang and 王冠凱. "The Establishment of the Mechanism and the Procedure for Resistance and Self-propulsion Test of Middle Strut-Type Submerged Model." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33kvgd.

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6

Gold, Sharon. "Measuring social competence, task competence and self-protection in an organisational context." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/44576.

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Анотація:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
In Chapter 1, I describe social competence, task competence and self-protection in an organisational context. In Chapter 2, I review key self theories and relate them to the self-competence construct. In Chapter 3, I review the research on self-competence to show that there is a need for a construct of social competence and self-protection. I discuss the limitations of three self-competence theories: Bandura’s (1977) self-efficacy theory, Williams and Lillibridge’s (1992) self-competence theory and Tafarodi & Swann’s (1995) self-competence/self-liking theory. In Chapter 4, I present my selfcompetence model. I raise the research questions and specify my hypotheses. In Chapter 5, I describe the construction of Social and Task Competence Scale. I present evidence of the reliability and factor structure of the Social and Task Competence Scale. I concluded that scale revisions were needed. In Chapter 6, I present evidence of the reliability, factor structure and predictive validity of the revised Social and Task Competence Scale and Self-Protection Scale. I describe the results of an experiment that investigated the interaction of task setting, social competence, task competence and selfprotection. I concluded that the measures predicted performance. In Chapter 7, I investigate the factor structure and reliability of the revised Social and Task Competence Scale and revised Self-Protection Scale. I provide evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of these measures with reliable measures of self-competence, selfesteem, self-monitoring, personality and social desirability. In Chapter 8, I investigate the factor structure and reliability of the Social and Task Competence Scale and Self-Protection Scale after final revisions and show that these measures are acceptable for use in scientific research. I present evidence of their convergent validity with a valid andreliable measure of emotional intelligence, and describe experimental results that supported the hypothesised relationships between perceived task difficulty, social competence, task competence and self-protection and task performance. In Chapter 9, I discuss the implications of my research for self-competence theory, self-regulation and self-esteem and the prediction of social and task performance in organisations.
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7

Gold, Sharon. "Measuring social competence, task competence and self-protection in an organisational context." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/44576.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
In Chapter 1, I describe social competence, task competence and self-protection in an organisational context. In Chapter 2, I review key self theories and relate them to the self-competence construct. In Chapter 3, I review the research on self-competence to show that there is a need for a construct of social competence and self-protection. I discuss the limitations of three self-competence theories: Bandura’s (1977) self-efficacy theory, Williams and Lillibridge’s (1992) self-competence theory and Tafarodi & Swann’s (1995) self-competence/self-liking theory. In Chapter 4, I present my selfcompetence model. I raise the research questions and specify my hypotheses. In Chapter 5, I describe the construction of Social and Task Competence Scale. I present evidence of the reliability and factor structure of the Social and Task Competence Scale. I concluded that scale revisions were needed. In Chapter 6, I present evidence of the reliability, factor structure and predictive validity of the revised Social and Task Competence Scale and Self-Protection Scale. I describe the results of an experiment that investigated the interaction of task setting, social competence, task competence and selfprotection. I concluded that the measures predicted performance. In Chapter 7, I investigate the factor structure and reliability of the revised Social and Task Competence Scale and revised Self-Protection Scale. I provide evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of these measures with reliable measures of self-competence, selfesteem, self-monitoring, personality and social desirability. In Chapter 8, I investigate the factor structure and reliability of the Social and Task Competence Scale and Self-Protection Scale after final revisions and show that these measures are acceptable for use in scientific research. I present evidence of their convergent validity with a valid andreliable measure of emotional intelligence, and describe experimental results that supported the hypothesised relationships between perceived task difficulty, social competence, task competence and self-protection and task performance. In Chapter 9, I discuss the implications of my research for self-competence theory, self-regulation and self-esteem and the prediction of social and task performance in organisations.
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Книги з теми "Self-test mechanism"

1

Riley, Bobbie, and Navil Sethna. Pediatric Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0054.

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Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) is a condition that affects adolescents and children under the age of 7. It usually follows minor injury and rarely occurs spontaneously. The pain is usually out of proportion to the inciting injury. Pain, allodynia, and/or hyperalgesia are severe enough to inhibit use of the affected limb. Delay in diagnosis and self and/or iatrogenic immobilization of the affected limb may lead to worsening pain, skin hypersensitivity and discoloration, swelling, and vasomotor and dystrophic abnormalities. The diagnosis of CRPS-1 and 2 is based on symptoms. There are no diagnostic tests that can confirm the presence or absence of CRPS-1. CRPS-2 diagnosis is established by nerve conduction test and electromyography. Clinical practice neuropathic guidelines are most effective for CRPS-2 treatment. Pharmacological and interventional treatment options for CRPS-1 are limited and usually ineffective because the underlying mechanism(s) are yet to be determined.
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Частини книг з теми "Self-test mechanism"

1

Ginevsky, A. S., Ye V. Vlasov, and R. K. Karavosov. "Acoustical Approaches to Control of Self-Sustained Oscillations in Wind Tunnels with the Open Test Section." In Foundations of Engineering Mechanics, 209–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39914-8_9.

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2

Kuo, Ming, Michael Barnes, and Cathy Jordan. "Do Experiences with Nature Promote Learning? Converging Evidence of a Cause-And-Effect Relationship." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 47–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_3.

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AbstractDo experiences with nature—from wilderness backpacking, to plants in a preschool, to a wetland lesson on frogs, promote learning? Until recently, claims outstripped evidence on this question. But the field has matured, not only substantiating previously unwarranted claims but also deepening our understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between nature and learning. Hundreds of studies now bear on this question, and converging evidence strongly suggests that experiences of nature boost academic learning, personal development, and environmental stewardship. This brief integrative review summarizes recent advances and the current state of our understanding. The research on personal development and environmental stewardship is compelling although not quantitative. Report after report—from independent observers as well as participants themselves—indicate shifts in perseverance, problem solving, critical thinking, leadership, teamwork, and resilience after time in nature. Similarly, over fifty studies point to nature playing a key role in the development of pro-environmental behavior, particularly by fostering an emotional connection to nature. In academic contexts, nature-based instruction outperforms traditional instruction. The evidence here is particularly strong, including experimental evidence; evidence across a wide range of samples and instructional approaches; outcomes such as standardized test scores and graduation rates; and evidence for specific explanatory mechanisms and ‘active ingredients’. Nature may promote learning by improving learners’ attention, levels of stress, self-discipline, interest and enjoyment in learning, and physical activity and fitness. Nature also appears to provide a calmer, quieter, safer context for learning; a warmer, more cooperative context for learning; and a combination of “loose parts” and autonomy that fosters developmentally beneficial forms of play. It is time to take nature seriously as a resource for learning—particularly for students not effectively reached by traditional instruction.
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3

Wu, Shuyue. "A Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Self-Updating Mechanism." In Research Anthology on Advancements in Quantum Technology, 1–21. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8593-1.ch001.

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The living mechanism has limited life in nature; it will age and die with time. This article describes that during the progressive process, the aging mechanism is very important to keep a swarm diverse. In the quantum behavior particle swarm (QPSO) algorithm, the particles are aged and the algorithm is prematurely convergent, the self-renewal mechanism of life is introduced into QPSO algorithm, and a leading particle and challengers are introduced. When the population particles are aged and the leading power of leading particle is exhausted, a challenger particle becomes the new leader particle through the competition update mechanism, group evolution is completed and the group diversity is maintained, and the global convergence of the algorithm is proven. Next in the article, twelve Clement2009 benchmark functions are used in the experimental test, both the comparison and analysis of results of the proposed method and classical improved QPSO algorithms are given, and the simulation results show strong global finding ability of the proposed algorithm. Especially in the seven multi-model test functions, the comprehensive performance is optimal.
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4

Lu, Gehao, and Joan Lu. "Introduction to the Investigating in Neural Trust and Multi Agent Systems." In Examining Information Retrieval and Image Processing Paradigms in Multidisciplinary Contexts, 269–73. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1884-6.ch015.

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Introducing trust and reputation into multi-agent systems can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of the systems. The computational trust and reputation also creates an environment of survival of the fittest to help agents recognize and eliminate malevolent agents in the virtual society. The research redefines the computational trust and analyzes its features from different aspects. A systematic model called Neural Trust Model for Multi-agent Systems is proposed to support trust learning, trust estimating, reputation generation, and reputation propagation. In this model, the research innovates the traditional Self Organizing Map (SOM) and creates a SOM based Trust Learning (STL) algorithm and SOM based Trust Estimation (STE) algorithm. The STL algorithm solves the problem of learning trust from agents' past interactions and the STE solve the problem of estimating the trustworthiness with the help of the previous patterns. The research also proposes a multi-agent reputation mechanism for generating and propagating the reputations. The mechanism exploits the patterns learned from STL algorithm and generates the reputation of the specific agent. Three propagation methods are also designed as part of the mechanism to guide path selection of the reputation. For evaluation, the research designs and implements a test bed to evaluate the model in a simulated electronic commerce scenario. The proposed model is compared with a traditional arithmetic based trust model and it is also compared to itself in situations where there is no reputation mechanism. The results state that the model can significantly improve the quality and efficacy of the test bed based scenario. Some design considerations and rationale behind the algorithms are also discussed based on the results.
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5

Mukherjee, Shaswata, and Saroj Mondal. "Self-Healing Properties of Conventional and Fly Ash Cementitious Mortar, Exposed to High Temperature." In Emerging Design Solutions in Structural Health Monitoring Systems, 1–11. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8490-4.ch001.

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Direct stress and sub-stress caused by fire, temperature variation and external loading in a structure are most important for the development of cracks. The chemical reactions of natural healing in the matrix was not been established conclusively. The most significant factor that influences the self-healing is the precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals on the crack surface. The mechanism which contribute autogenic healing are: (a) Continued hydration of cement at cracked surface as well as continued hydration of already formed gel and also inter-crystallization of fractured crystals; (b) blocking of flow path by water impurities and concrete particles broken from the crack surface due to cracking; (c) expansion of concrete in the crack flank (swelling) and closing of cracks by spalling of loose concrete particle are also reported as the sealing mechanism by researchers. The recovery of mechanical as well as physical property was discussed by different researchers. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the autogenic healing of fire damaged fly ash and conventional cementitious mortar samples subjected to steam followed by water curing at normal atmospheric pressure. The micro cracks are generated artificially by heating the 28 days aged mortar samples at 800 Deg. C. The effect of fly-ash replacing ordinary Portland cement by 0 and 20% was studied. Recovery of compressive strength and physical properties i.e. apparent porosity, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity and rapid chloride ion penetration test confirm the self-healing of micro cracks. Such healing is more prominent for fly ash mortar mix. Optical as well as scanning electron microscopy With EDAX analysis and X-ray diffraction study of the white crystalline material formed in the crack, confirms formation of calcium carbonate.
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Wang, Rose E., Sarah A. Wu, James A. Evans, David C. Parkes, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Max Kleiman-Weiner. "Too Many cooks: Bayesian inference for coordinating Multi-agent Collaboration." In Human-Like Machine Intelligence, 152–70. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862536.003.0008.

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Collaboration requires agents to coordinate their behavior on the fly, sometimes cooperating to solve a single task together and other times dividing it up into sub-tasks to work on in parallel. Here, we develop Bayesian Delegation, a decentralized multi-agent learning mechanism with these abilities. Bayesian Delegation enables agents to rapidly infer the hidden intentions of others by inverse planning. We test Bayesian Delegation in a suite of multi-agent Markov decision processes inspired by cooking problems. On these tasks, agents with Bayesian Delegation coordinate both their high-level plans (e.g. what sub-task they should work on) and their low-level actions (e.g. avoiding getting in each other’s way). In a self-play evaluation, Bayesian Delegation outperforms alternative algorithms. Bayesian Delegation is also a capable ad-hoc collaborator and successfully coordinates with other agent types even in the absence of prior experience.
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Bäck, Thomas. "An Experiment in Meta-Evolution." In Evolutionary Algorithms in Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195099713.003.0013.

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So far, the basic knowledge about setting up the parameters of Evolutionary Algorithms stems from a lot of empirical work and few theoretical results. The standard guidelines for parameters such as crossover rate, mutation probability, and population size as well as the standard settings of the recombination operator and selection mechanism were presented in chapter 2 for the Evolutionary Algorithms. In the case of Evolution Strategies and Evolutionary Programming, the self-adaptation mechanism for strategy parameters solves this parameterization problem in an elegant way, while for Genetic Algorithms no such technique is employed. Chapter 6 served to identify a reasonable choice of the mutation rate, but no theoretically confirmed knowledge about the choice of the crossover rate and the crossover operator is available. With respect to the optimal population size for Genetic Algorithms, Goldberg presented some theoretical arguments based on maximizing the number of schemata processed by the algorithm within fixed time, arriving at an optimal size λ* = 3 for serial implementations and extremely small string length [Gol89b]. However, as indicated in section 2.3.7 and chapter 6, it is by no means clear whether the schema processing point of view is appropriately preferred to the convergence velocity investigations presented in section 2.1.7 and chapter 6. As pointed out several times, we prefer the point of view which concentrates on a convergence velocity analysis. Consequently, the search for useful parameter settings of a Genetic Algorithm constitutes an optimization problem by itself, leading to the idea of using an Evolutionary Algorithm on a higher level to evolve optimal parameter settings of Genetic Algorithms. Due to the existence of two logically different levels in such an approach, it is reasonable to call it a meta-evolutionary algorithm. By concentrating on meta-evolution in this chapter, we will radically deviate from the biological model, where no two-level evolution process is to be observed but the self-adaptation principle can well be identified (as argued in chapter 2). However, there are several reasons why meta-evolution promises to yield some helpful insight into the working principles of Evolutionary Algorithms: First, meta-evolution provides the possibility to test whether the basic heuristic and the theoretical knowledge about parameterizations of Genetic Algorithms is also evolvable by the experimental approach, thus allowing us to confirm the heuristics or to point at alternatives.
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8

Fritz, János. "Komitat Somogy im Spiegel der Angaben der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebszählung vom Jahre 1935." In Different Approaches to Economic and Social Changes: New Research Issues, Sources and Results, 121–31. Working Group of Economic and Social History Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/seshst-02-11.

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Purpose of the study. The study aims to present the most important findings of the analysis of the 1935 agricultural census in Somogy county, referring to the local solutions to the economic crisis. The situation in Somogy was unique since the county’s weight, dominated by large estates, increased in the Hungarian agricultural policy as the result of the Treaty of Trianon. Moreover, as leaders of national advocacy organizations, local agricultural leaders became key shapers of agricultural policy in these decades. Thus, an important question is to what extent the census’ data examined reflected the dominant role of these large landowners. Applied method. The study analyses statistical data and uses the method of historical comparison. Specifically, the 1935 Somogy County census data were analyzed and compared with the census data of 1895. The results thus obtained were compared with Somogy related conclusions of Kiss Albert’s work. Outcomes. One of the main objectives of the agricultural census carried out at the same time as the surveys of other countries was to test the impact of land reform that had recently been completed. On the other hand, the census was at some level part of the crisis management mechanism of the time, where intensification was the only way out of the agricultural crisis. Although this county was mainy dominated by large estates in the country, this is true even if we know from the analysis that by 1935 the proportion of large estates had decreased compared to the data of the 1895 survey. However, this decrease was not so much due to land reform, but rather to parcels and the increasing number of small leases. Somogy was in the middle in terms of intensification of agriculture, based on the national ranking. Although the division of labour and cooperation between large and small enterprises was becoming more and more common here, at that time, contrary to economic considerations, it was not yet possible completely get rid off the endevour of self-sufficiency on farms.
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Dolezel, Michal, and Alena Buchalcevova. "A Framework for Analyzing Structural Mechanisms Deployed to Support Traditional and Agile Methods." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 205–27. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4165-4.ch011.

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People rely on structures to make their worlds orderly. This chapter conceptually probes into the problem of the differences between organizational structures deployed in traditional and agile environments. The authors develop an argument that all common forms of organizational entities can be classified by involving a two-dimensional classification scheme. Specifically, they constructed a typology to examine the issues of formal vs. informal authority, and disciplinarity vs. cross-functionality in terms of their significance for traditional and agile software development workplaces. Some examples of concrete organizational forms—including traditional project team, independent test team, self-organizing agile team and developers' community of practice—are discussed. In sum, they argue that by employing this classification scheme, they can theorize the nature of the on-going structural shift observed in conjunction with deploying agile software development methods. They acknowledge that the structures have fundamentally changed, terming the move “democratization” in the software development workplace.
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"which a social group or individual thinks is wrong. So the first port of call will be the courts, where we should be able to expect an independent judiciary. However, it is also true that sometimes actions and decisions are taken which, although in themselves not contentious, accumulate along with other legislation to create a highly questionable situation. Note here that the situation becomes questionable: an interpretation of the rules becomes possible which some would simply not agree with. For example, progressive attitudes towards free speech has resulted in the situation being taken advantage of by extreme groups for political ends. There are a number of very specific points which can be made about the use of DNA by society and more especially the construction and use of DNA databases. It is unlikely that anybody would really object to construction of anonymous databases so that we can produce a precise and reliable figure for the probability of finding a DNA profile in the general population by chance alone. What many people do have objections to is the construction of databases of named individuals. Strangely, it would seem that the country that has always been in the van of development of DNA technology is developing a rather poorer reputation for riding roughshod over the rights of its population, the UK. The problems and objections with databases of named individuals start with the practitioners and political will by successive governments. Luckily, there is an outspoken reaction to the UK government’s belief that all uses of DNA are good, but we should be aware that this is not so. Current thinking is that in the future it will be possible to determine facial shape, such as nose type and eye colour, with a simple test. This is put forward as a distinct possibility by the Forensic Science Service, with little regard to the extreme complexity of both the genetics and the environmental input into such things, not to mention plastic surgery. While it was always the belief that rapid turnaround of DNA results would be a good thing, this is only if the techniques are highly controlled. The idea that a hand held machine, as has been suggested, could be taken to a scene of crime and the DNA analysed in situ should fill any self-respecting scientist with horror. It has already been stated that there is a 40% chance of a stain found at a crime scene being linked to a name on the database of named individuals. As databases become larger as well as the number of individuals putting data on the database, so the likelihood of error increases; remember that error in this sense is quite likely to ruin a life. Names get onto databases for perfectly innocent reasons. Two of these are the husband or partner of a rape victim and, which is even more demeaning, the DNA profile of the victim herself. This was admitted in the House of Lords. So why is the British public so lacking in interest or apparently not in the least bit bothered by this staggering lack of feeling for the innocent? There is no mechanism for the removal of a DNA sample from the database after consent has been given. It is of interest here that both the police, forensic scientists and politicians are extremely reluctant to give a sample which can be held on the named database. Why is this? Fear? Fear of what may be done with such intimate information. This includes medical analysis and data which they have no right to access. It would be." In Genetics and DNA Technology: Legal Aspects, 109. Routledge-Cavendish, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843146995-17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Self-test mechanism"

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Maity, Dilip, Surajit Roy, Chandan Giri, and Hafizur Rahaman. "Identification of Faulty TSV with a Built-In Self-Test Mechanism." In 2018 IEEE 27th Asian Test Symposium (ATS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ats.2018.00012.

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Zhang, Jia, Le Yu, Haigang Yang, Y. L. Xie, F. B. Zhou, and Wei Wang. "Self-test method and recovery mechanism for high frequency TSV array." In 2011 IEEE/IFIP 19th International Conference on VLSI and System-on-Chip (VLSI-SoC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsisoc.2011.6081648.

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Chung, Chen-I., Jyun-Sian Jhou, Ching-Hwa Cheng, and Sih-Yan Li. "Functional Built-In Delay Binning and Calibration Mechanism for On-Chip at-Speed Self Test." In 2009 Asian Test Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ats.2009.72.

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Letyagina, Ekaterina. "Self-Test As A Quality Assessment Mechanism Of University Education Programs: Modern Requirements." In International Conference on Economic and Social Trends for Sustainability of Modern Society. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.03.6.

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Chen-I Chung, Jyun-Sian Jhou, and Ching-Hwa Cheng. "Built-in self at-speed Delay Binning And Calibration Mechanism in wireless test platform." In 2010 15th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference ASP-DAC 2010. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2010.5419863.

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Shoji, Yasumasa, and Toshiyuki Sawa. "Self-Loosening Mechanism of Nuts Due to Impacts." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61221.

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As self-loosening of nuts is really a problem for bolted joints in practical use, countermeasures for the loosening is highly required. In this situation non-loosening fasteners are one of the resolutions for any fastened machinery as an essential mechanical element. Self-loosening of threaded bolt/nut systems has been researched in number of works and many of them were based on experiments historically and some were based on the finite element analyses in these years. Authors have reported the static loosening of nut due to the transverse motion of fastened objects in PVP conferences using finite element analyses and showed the loosening mechanism. This paper will show another case based on the dynamic situation namely impacting of the bolt/nut systems as NAS3350/3354 test situation. In this special case, nut loosening was reproduced, too, and it shows that the loosening mechanism is almost the same as the static loosening, although the loading is quite different. Even in impact condition, the analysis showed that the effect of eccentric nut works to prevent self-loosening.
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Chen, G. X., and Z. R. Zhou. "A New Mechanism for Squealing Noise and Friction-Induced Vibrations in the Railway Industry." In STLE/ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2010-41296.

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In the paper, a new mechanism for squealing vibration based on the time delay concept of friction is introduced. Firstly, several test results on the time delay between the varying normal force and the consequent varying friction are presented and discussed. Secondly, the motion stability of a friction system with the time delay is analyzed in theory. The result shows that the friction system may become unstable in the presence of the time delay. Thirdly, the advantages and disadvantage of the new mechanism are discussed. The remaining part of the paper will present several research advances in the application of friction-induced vibration theory in the railway industry. In the authors’ work, a finite element model of friction self-excited vibration of a railway wheelset-track system is established. The motion stability of the model is analyzed. Numerical results show that friction between the wheel and rail easily causes self-excited vibration of a railway wheelset-track system. The relation between the rail corrugation and friction-induced vibration is discussed. Finally, the field test results in Subway line 4 of Beijing are presented. The test results show that there exists self-excited vibration of a railway wheelset-track system when vehicles negotiate sharp curved tracks.
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Guggolz, D., S. K. Manoharan, and C. Friedrich. "Avoiding of Self-Loosening in Components With Multiple Screw Joints." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50369.

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Self-loosening of fastened systems is known as a severe damage mechanism besides the loss of preload due to relaxation and as a result of this the failure of the joint. Main problem is, that self-loosening mostly leads to a rapid preload loss when occurs. In the 1970s first systematic investigations due to this are reported from Junker et al. using a transverse-vibrational test stand [13]. Nowadays numeric calculation approaches are available (e.g. [12]). All approaches show that very small displacements from loading before complete sliding are sufficient to induce self-loosening — which is a screw rotation against its tightening direction without material rupture of the screw. Today the mechanism of self-loosening under uni-axial transverse load of single-screwed joints with plain bearing surface is understood and predictable. Also combined loads of vibration and rotation became the focus of university-based research. The challenge is to transfer the knowledge about the mechanism to component fastened systems with multi-screw joints. The fundamental mechanism is not sufficient for component design. This is the reason why up to now no prediction in advance is established in guidelines. First, this paper shows the time-sequence of self-loosening in general with its different stages. The second step is to work out important influences on self-loosening which will be shown by existing calculations. Then a stress-based calculation and a better criterion for self-loosening will be developed. Next step, if analytics come to their limits, is the numeric simulation of system behavior. With this the critical preload for self-loosening must be determined to ensure safety of the connection. Following from this screw joints can be dimensioned without risk of self-loosening. The simulation procedure includes right modelling with boundary conditions as well as defining evaluation procedure for a ‘self-loosening-safety-margin’. With simulation of a single-screw joint it gets clear that either analytical or numerical approach can be used. But already for two screws in a fastened system the limits of known equations become obvious. Finally, results of a vibrational test are shown before conclusions and outlook.
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Gokaltun, Seckin, Bruce R. Fabijonas, Louis S. Krajewski, and Richard C. Rodzwic. "A Self-Sufficient Oil Cooling Mechanism for Fluid-Film Bearing Applications in Remote Operations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83145.

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Abstract The Kingsbury CH Bearing System is a self-contained bearing solution that utilizes a viscosity pump to supply lubrication to individual bearings. The system consists of a CH unit that houses a journal bearing and a double thrust bearing assembly as well as an oil reservoir and internal oil channels and a C unit which houses a second journal bearing. The names ‘CH’ and ‘C’ are historical. An external piping loop connecting the CH and C units lubricates the C journal bearing. Another external piping loop connects the oil reservoir in the CH unit to an external cooling system which cools the hot oil leaving the CH thrust bearings. The system traditionally employs a heat exchanger using cold water provided by a pumping station. Due to the self-contained nature of the CH system as described above, field applications can involve remote locations where utility access could be limited; therefore, it is desirable to avoid the dependence of the cooling system on a reliable water supply. This is especially critical for applications where there is additional difficulty in maintenance of the units due to reduced crew access. In this work, we present a solution for removing the reliance on a water-based cooling system for the CH Bearing System. Instead, the traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger is replaced with a radiator/fan combination. The fan is mounted to the end of the shaft which extends through the CH housing on the non-drive end of the machine. This mounting method marries the cooling rate with the operating speed of the shaft and ensures that oil is being cooled as long as the shaft is rotating. Experiments with a CH test unit using this new cooling set up show that the required oil temperature in the oil reservoir can be achieved using the air-based system while not adversely affecting pressure drops and flowrates in the lubrication lines.
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Sutter, Thomas M., Terry S. Creasy, Matthew B. Dickerson, and Ryan S. Justice. "Power Response of a Muscle Actuator Driven by a Regenerative, Enzymatic Pressurization Mechanism." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3098.

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Inspired by the characteristics of biological muscles, rubber muscle actuators (RMAs) are lightweight and compliant structures that deliver high power/weight ratios and are currently under investigation for use in soft robotics, prosthetics, and specialized aircraft. RMA actuation is accomplished by inflating the structure’s air bladder, which results in the contraction of the muscle. In this proceedings paper, we describe the use of gaseous products from enzymatically-catalyzed reactions to pressurize and drive the motion of RMAs. Specifically, this paper details the power envelope of RMAs driven by the urease-catalyzed production of CO2, under dynamic loading conditions. The use of enzymatically catalyzed, gas-producing reactions is advantageous for powering RMAs, as these systems may be self-regulating and self-regenerating. Reaction design parameters for sizing the gas source to RMA power requirements and power envelope results are reported for gas-powered actuator dynamics tested on a linear motion test assembly. The power response to increasing loads reflects the partial pressure over the reaction slurry; therefore, the chemistry and reactor scale affect the entire structure’s efficiency. We outline the reactor space-time design constraints that facilitate a tailored power response for urease catalyzed gas generation sources.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Self-test mechanism"

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Lever, James, Austin Lines, Susan Taylor, Garrett Hoch, Emily Asenath-Smith, and Devinder Sodhi. Revisiting mechanics of ice–skate friction : from experiments at a skating rink to a unified hypothesis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42642.

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The mechanics underlying ice–skate friction remain uncertain despite over a century of study. In the 1930s, the theory of self-lubrication from frictional heat supplanted an earlier hypothesis that pressure melting governed skate friction. More recently, researchers have suggested that a layer of abraded wear particles or the presence of quasi-liquid molecular layers on the surface of ice could account for its slipperiness. Here, we assess the dominant hypotheses proposed to govern ice– skate friction and describe experiments conducted in an indoor skating rink aimed to provide observations to test these hypotheses. Our results indicate that the brittle failure of ice under rapid compression plays a strong role. Our observations did not confirm the presence of full contact water films and are more consistent with the presence of lubricating ice-rich slurries at discontinuous high-pressure zones (HPZs). The presence of ice-rich slurries supporting skates through HPZs merges pressure-melting, abrasion and lubricating films as a unified hypothesis for why skates are so slippery across broad ranges of speeds, temperatures and normal loads. We suggest tribometer experiments to overcome the difficulties of investigating these processes during actual skating trials.
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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.
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Kwesiga, Victoria, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Compliance to GMP guidelines for Herbal Manufacturers in East Africa: A Position Paper. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317428.

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With the global increase in the use of traditional and complementary remedies for the prevention and treatment of illness, the quality and safety of these medicines have become a significant concern for all regulatory authorities. Herbal medicines are the most commonly used form of traditional and complementary medicines in the world and the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines, like conventional medicines, largely depends on their quality from planting to harvesting, preprocessing and final processing. Due to the inherent complexity of herbal medicines, often containing an array of active compounds, the primary processing of herbal medicines has a direct influence on their quality. Quality concerns are the reason why the medicines regulatory agencies insist that manufacturers of medicines strictly follow Good Manufacturing Practices since it is an essential tool to prevent instances of contamination, mix-ups, deviations, failures and errors. However, a strict application of GMP requirements is expensive and would drive the prices of the manufactured products up. As a result, a maturity level grading of facilities is proposed as a way of justifying the costs incurred for manufacturers desiring to reach a broader market and investing in continuous improvement. 36 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports of local herbal manufacturers conducted by National Drug Authority were analyzed to establish the type and extent of deficiencies to GMP requirements for local herbal manufacturers in Uganda. The different GMP chapters and related sub-parameters constituted the variables used for the analysis of conformity to requirements. The primary outcome variable was the conclusion regarding compliance or noncompliance of the inspected local herbal manufacturing facility. GMP parameters that were frequently defaulted by local herbal manufacturers and the corresponding frequencies were identified. The Pearson Chi-square test was applied independently on each category to find the association that existed between conformity and the questions in each category. Only 22% (8) of the 30 inspected facilities were found to comply with GMP requirements, as per National Drug Authority (NDA) guidelines; while the majority of the facilities, 28 (78%), were found not to comply. Of the facilities inspected, 25 were undergoing GMP inspection for the first time. A total of 1,236 deficiency observations were made in the 36 inspection reports reviewed for the study. The mean for all deficiencies was 34.3, and the standard deviation was 15.829. 91.5% of the facilities did not have mechanisms for a record of market complaints; 80.9% did not meet documentation requirements; 78.9% did not have quality control measures in place, and 65.7% did not meet stores requirements. By encouraging a culture of self/voluntary improvement through the introduction of listing of manufacturers based on a maturity level grading, the National Drug Authority will improve the Herbal Medicines sector as per the mandate of improving the herbal medicine industry. Also, increased sensitization of all relevant stakeholders regarding the requirements for GMP should be intensified.
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Alice Barkan. Nuclear Encoded RNA Splicing Factors in Plant Mitochondria. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592111.bard.

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Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for a small number of genes required in organellar genome expression and respiration. Yet, the vast majority of the organellar proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, thus necessitating complex mechanisms to coordinate the expression and accumulation of proteins encoded by the two remote genomes. Many organellar genes are interrupted by intervening sequences (introns), which are removed from the primary presequences via splicing. According to conserved features of their sequences these introns are all classified as “group-II”. Their splicing is necessary for organellar activity and is dependent upon nuclear-encoded RNA-binding cofactors. However, to-date, only a tiny fraction of the proteins expected to be involved in these activities have been identified. Accordingly, this project aimed to identify nuclear-encoded proteins required for mitochondrial RNA splicing in plants, and to analyze their specific roles in the splicing of group-II intron RNAs. In non-plant systems, group-II intron splicing is mediated by proteins encoded within the introns themselves, known as maturases, which act specifically in the splicing of the introns in which they are encoded. Only one mitochondrial intron in plants has retained its maturaseORF (matR), but its roles in organellar intron splicing are unknown. Clues to other proteins required for organellar intron splicing are scarce, but these are likely encoded in the nucleus as there are no other obvious candidates among the remaining ORFs within the mtDNA. Through genetic screens in maize, the Barkan lab identified numerous nuclear genes that are required for the splicing of many of the introns within the plastid genome. Several of these genes are related to one another (i.e. crs1, caf1, caf2, and cfm2) in that they share a previously uncharacterized domain of archaeal origin, the CRM domain. The Arabidopsis genome contains 16 CRM-related genes, which contain between one and four repeats of the domain. Several of these are predicted to the mitochondria and are thus postulated to act in the splicing of group-II introns in the organelle(s) to which they are localized. In addition, plant genomes also harbor several genes that are closely related to group-II intron-encoded maturases (nMats), which exist in the nucleus as 'self-standing' ORFs, out of the context of their cognate "host" group-II introns and are predicted to reside within the mitochondria. The similarity with known group-II intron splicing factors identified in other systems and their predicted localization to mitochondria in plants suggest that nuclear-encoded CRM and nMat related proteins may function in the splicing of mitochondrial-encoded introns. In this proposal we proposed to (i) establish the intracellular locations of several CRM and nMat proteins; (ii) to test whether mutations in their genes impairs the splicing of mitochondrial introns; and to (iii) determine whether these proteins are bound to the mitochondrial introns in vivo.
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