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Hu, Jie, and Zhiqiang Wang. "Non-prescribed antibiotic use and general practitioner service utilisation among Chinese migrants in Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 5 (2016): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-prescribed antibiotic use occurs worldwide and is an important contributor to antibiotic resistance. Social and health system factors were related to the practice of self-medication with antibiotics. This study aims to investigate the practice of non-prescribed antibiotic use, and to assess the impact of primary health service access and use on this practice among Australian Chinese migrants. Four-hundred and twenty-six participants, who self-identified as Chinese and who had been residing in Australia for at least 12 months, were recruited through several Australian Chinese social websites to participate in an online health survey about antibiotic use and health services use from July to October 2013. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between health services utilisation factors and the use of non-prescribed antibiotics. In total, 20.2% (86/426) participants reported having used antibiotics without medical consultation in the last 12 months. Of 170 antibiotic users, 50.6% (86/170) used antibiotics without medical consultation. Chinese migrants who self-evaluated as ‘satisfied’ with the experiences of GP services were less likely to self-medicate with antibiotics. In addition, Chinese migrants without any perceived barriers to using primary health services in Australia were less likely to use non-prescribed antibiotics. Among Australian Chinese migrants, over half of antibiotic users admitted that they had used antibiotics without medical consultation. Participants with positive experience and perception of primary health services, primarily GP services, had a lower risk of using non-prescribed antibiotics.
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Pratiwi, Witri, and Tridaya Putri Handayani. "Antibiotic self‐medication among non‐medical practitioners in Cirebon city, Indonesia." Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphs.12336.
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Wang, Nan Christine. "Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics among Child Patients in China: Prevalence, Predictors, and Association with Physicians’ Prescribing of Antibiotics at Medical Visits." Antibiotics 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global public health crises. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is an important contributor. Using a cross-sectional survey, we recruited 3056 caregivers from 21 provinces in China to complete a questionnaire pertaining to their most recent medical visits for children’s acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) symptoms in October 2013. The findings show that the prevalence of caregivers giving children non-prescribed antibiotics before their medical visit was as high as 38%. Caring for an older child and having lower educational attainment increased the likelihood of self-medication with antibiotics; among Chinese residential areas, caregivers living in tier 2 urban districts were most likely to administer non-prescribed antibiotics before their visit. Physicians’ prescribing of antibiotics was significantly associated with caregivers’ self-reported pre-visit use of non-prescribed antibiotics. Misuse should be addressed by regulating the sale of antibiotics and improving communication at medical consultations.
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Hashmi, Najia Zainab, Jannat Nawaz, Suman Sheraz, and Aisha Razzaq. "Self-Usage of antibiotics in medical and non-medical students of Islamabad and Rawalpindi." Foundation University Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33897/fujrs.v2i1.257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Self-usage of drugs is defined as the use of the drugs for the treatment of self-diagnosed signs or symptoms and the continued or intermittent use of the prescribed drug for the acute or chronic signs and symptoms. Use of self-medication is normally done when people or consumers don't think the need of visiting a doctor or it might be because they think that they can handle their symptoms on their own. Objective: To determine the practice and usage of antibiotics and its associated factors in medical and nonmedical students of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Method: The comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted at medical and non-medical faculties of Riphah International University from February- July 2018, comprising students aged 20-30 years. Both genders were selected through non probability purposive sampling. A self-designed questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 19. Results: Out of 926 students, practice of self-medication among medical students was higher 324 (35.0%) as compared to non-medical students 261 (28.2%). Practice of antibiotics in males was higher 348 (37.6%) as compared to females 237 (25.6%). Conclusion: The frequency of self-medication with antibiotics is higher in medical students particularly in male students.
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Barkus, Artūras, and Ingrida Lisauskienė. "Inappropriate habits of antibiotic use among medical specialists and students in Vilnius." Acta medica Lituanica 23, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v23i2.3330.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The resistance to antibacterial drugs is an emerging worldwide problem. Numbers of inappropriate ways to use antibiotics contribute to this issue. Self-medication is one of them. This study seeks to find out how prevalent the self-medication with antibiotics, their storage at home and the inappropriate acquisition of antibacterial drugs are among medical specialists in Vilnius, Lithuania. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. To better identify the potential target groups, the respondents were classified according to their relation to medical care: physicians, other medical personnel, medical students and people, directly not related to medical care. Results. The overall actual self-medication with antibiotics rate was 4.0%. And, although the actual self-medication rate might seem rather low, the intended self-medication rate was 51.4%. Also, a prevalent antibacterial drugs storage at home (45.8%) with a wide variety of preparations was reported. Only 61.9% respondents received prescriptions for antibiotics from their treating physician. 7.6% used the non-prescribed medicines and 22.0% received a prescription from a physician, who was either their colleague or a familiar person. Conclusions. Inappropriate habits of antibiotic use are prevalent. While there were some differences between the research groups, most of them were not statistically significant. It means that measures should be taken targeting health care givers as well as the general population. Educational programs about the rational use of antibiotics may help reducing the improper habits of antibacterial drugs usage, including self-medication. Encouraging the electronic drug prescription may be beneficial while reducing the prevalent inappropriate acquisition of antibiotics.
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Torres, `Neusa, Vernon Solomon, and Lyn Middleton. "Pharmacists’ practices for non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing in Mozambique." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.3.1965.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Antibiotics are the most frequently used medicines worldwide with most of the countries defining these as prescription-only medicines. Though, dispensing non-prescribed antibiotics represent one of the chief causal factors to the irrational use of antibiotics that paves the way to the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Objective: We aimed at describing the practices and the enablers for non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing in Maputo city, Mozambique.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted, between October 2018 and March 2019, in nine private pharmacies randomly selected across Maputo city. Eighteen pharmacists were contacted and seventeen enrolled through snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted, audiotaped, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded and analysed though thematic analysis with guidelines from Braun and Clark. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist by (Tong, 2007) was performed.
Results: Out of seventeen, fifteen pharmacists admitted non-prescribed dispensing of antibiotics. Common antibiotic dispensing practices included; dispensing without prescription, without asking for a brief clinical history of patients, without clear explanation of the appropriate way of administering, without advising on the side effects. Reasons for non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing are linked to patients’ behaviour of demanding for non-prescribed antibiotics, to the patients expectations and beliefs on the healing power of antibiotics, to the physicians’ prescribing practices. Other reasons included the pressure for profits from the pharmacy owners, the fragile law enforcement, and absence of accountability mechanisms.
Conclusions: The practices of non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing characterize the ‘daily life’ of the pharmacists. On the one hand, the patient’s demand for antibiotics without valid prescriptions, and pharmacist’s wish to assist based on their role in the pharmacy, the pressure for profits and on the understanding of the larger forces driving the practices of self-medication with antibiotics - rock. On the other hand, pharmacists are aware of the legal status of antibiotics and the public health consequences of their inappropriate dispensing practices and their professional and ethical responsibility for upholding the law - hard place. Highlighting the role of pharmacists and their skills as health promotion professionals is needed to optimizing antibiotic dispensing and better conservancy in Mozambique.
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Belkina, Tatyana, Abdullah Al Warafi, Elhassan Hussein Eltom, Nigora Tadjieva, Ales Kubena, and Jiri Vlcek. "Antibiotic use and knowledge in the community of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Uzbekistan." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 04 (April 15, 2014): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3866.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a dramatic increase of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. We examined knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antibiotic use in three Asian countries. Methodology: A nationwide cross-sectional study of teachers in large cities of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Uzbekistan was conducted. A random sample of 1,200 teachers was selected in each country. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey and then analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of non-prescription antibiotic use ranged from 48% in Saudi Arabia to 78% in Yemen and Uzbekistan. Pharmacies were the main source of non-prescribed antibiotics. The most common reasons for antibiotic use were cough (40%) and influenza (34%). Forty-nine percent of respondents discontinued antibiotics when they felt better. Although awareness of the dangers of antibiotic use correlated inversely with self-medication, understanding of the appropriate use of antibiotics was limited. Conclusions: The prevalence of antibiotic self-medication in the educated adult population in the studied countries was found to be alarmingly high. Effective strategies involving regulatory enforcement prohibiting sales of antibiotics without prescription should be implemented along with educational interventions for health professionals and the public.
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Ali, Zaheer, Rabeeya Saeed, Fatima Kanwal, Faridah Amin, Noureen Durrani, and Areeba Abdullah. "Self-Medication Among the Elderly and Factors Associated with It." Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College 13, no. 01 (December 30, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51985/jbumdc202287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Our study aims to assess the frequency of self-medication in elderly people of Karachi, identify its reasons and associated risk factors. Study Design & Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted in waiting areas of OPDs at Liaquat National hospital and its outreach centers. Methodology: Study duration was June-December, 2021. We approached all patients and aged 60 years and above. After taking written informed consent, targeted population was interviewed to find out self-medication performed within last three months and its reason and causes. Participants’ demographics, symptoms for which self-medication was performed, different type of medications used, reasons of opting self-medication and different approaches for dose adjustment were also investigated. Data was recorded by a pre-designed questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Result: Out of 200 elderly included in the study, 87% of them reported self-medication in a 3-month recall period. Pain (63.8%), fever (56.9%), headache (50%), cough, and cold (37.4%) were the most common symptoms. Pain killers (81.6%), fever-reducing drugs (58%) and cough syrup (39.1%) were the top three medicines used for self-medication. One-fifth of the respondents reported self-medication of antibiotics. Top three frequent reasons for self-medication were convenience (99.4%), disease of mild nature (85.1%) and for quick relief of symptoms (78.7%). None of the patient’s demographic factors were found to be associated with self-medication practice. Conclusion: Self-medication is a highly prevalent practice in elderly people of Karachi including non-prescribed usage of antibiotics. Major reforms in primary health care are needed to address this growing problem
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Kotwani, Anita, Jyoti Joshi, Anjana S. Lamkang, Ayushi Sharma, and Deeksha Kaloni. "Knowledge and behavior of consumers towards the non-prescription purchase of antibiotics: An insight from a qualitative study from New Delhi, India." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.1.2206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: In Low-and Middle-Income Countries, including India, consumers often purchase antibiotics over-the-counter (OTC) from retail pharmacies. This practice leads to the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community which is an important driver for the development of antimicrobial resistance. A better understanding of consumers’ views towards this grave public health concern is critical to developing evidence-based intervention programs for awareness among the general population.
Objective: To explore knowledge, practice and, behavior of consumers towards antibiotics, antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance, purchasing behavior of consumers for antibiotics, and to gain insight which will help in developing evidence-based policy interventions.
Methods: 72 in-depth consumer interviews were conducted in all 11 districts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Our study found that retail pharmacies were the first point of consultation for common ailments for patients/consumers once home remedies failed; they were largely unaware of the threat of antimicrobial resistance. Consumers’ knowledge of antibiotic use and about antimicrobial resistance was low, they used old prescriptions, and bought antibiotics OTC to save time and money. Despite the presence of regulations constituted to regulate the sale of antibiotics by the Government and the implementation of national campaigns, the practice of self-medication and behaviors such as OTC purchase, non-adherence to prescribed antibiotics was prevalent. Consumers perceive that antibiotics provide quick relief and accelerate the curing process and retail pharmacy shops try to protect their retail business interests by honoring old prescriptions and self-medication for antibiotics.
Conclusions: The lack of awareness and insufficient knowledge about what antibiotics are and issues such as antimicrobial resistance or antibiotic resistance resulted in misuse of antibiotics by consumers. Limited access to public healthcare and affordability of private healthcare are factors that contribute towards the self-medication/OTC purchase of antibiotics. The regular misuse of antibiotics through irrational use reinforces the need for strong enactment of strategies like continuous community awareness campaigns. Mitigation efforts should focus upon educating consumers continuously and sustainably for the understanding of antibiotic misuse, antimicrobial resistance, and promote better compliance with regulations.
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Manik, M. Imran Nur, Alam Khan, M. Hazrat Ali, Abu Zobayed, and M. Monirul Islam. "Survey on common trends for non-prescribed medication use among the young generation in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210788.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Use of drugs without prescription is a worldwide phenomenon especially among the general people in the developing countries. Alarmingly the use of medication without prescriptions among the young generations for longer duration is increasing day by day. The study was meant to evaluate the prevalence of non-prescribed medications among the young generations living in the capital of Bangladesh.Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey conducted in the Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) from September-November, 2019. Data was collected from patients having self-administration of drugs with semi-structured questionnaire in English and analysed applying descriptive statistics.Results: The study revealed the occurrence of non-prescription medication use among 75% of the respondents (N=400). The participants were students (67%), service holder (19%) and housewife (9%). Male and female were 49% and 51%; aged between 15-35 years (average 25.8 years). Mostly used medication groups were NSAIDs (34%), antacids (24%) and antibiotics (17%). Duration was more than one year 206 (69%) and from six to twelve months 94 (31%). The compliance reported as better (62.33%) and extremely good (34.33%). The crucial diseases treated were fever (27.73%), gastric acidity (22.13%), headache and other pains (15.13%), dysentery and diarrhea (8.68%) and allergy (8.40%). Interestingly 42% participants suggested their medication to others.Conclusions: In the young generation occurrence of non-prescribed medication is highest amidst the students. The authority should assure rational use of medications. The DGDA may campaign against the haphazard use of medicines involving the young generations.
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Torres, Neusa F., Vernon P. Solomon, and Lyn E. Middleton. "Identifying the commonly used antibiotics for self-medication in urban Mozambique: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e041323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesThe study aimed at identifying the commonly used non-prescribed antibiotics (NPAs) and the main health conditions leading to the practices of self-medication with antibiotics (SMAs) in Maputo city, Mozambique.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study based on individual and group interviews.SettingThe study was conducted in nine pharmacies of three socioeconomic areas of Maputo city, from October 2018 to March 2019.ParticipantsThe study included 32 pharmacy clients and 17 pharmacists. The pharmacy clients included men 10 (31%) and women 22 (69%) ranging from 19 to 67 years while the pharmacists included men 6 (35,3%) and women 11 (64,7%) with ages ranging from 24 to 47 years.FindingsThe majority of the pharmacy clients 30 (93.75%) admitted frequent use of NPAs, 15 (88.2%) out of the 17 pharmacists admitted dispensing NPAs. While the majority of the participants (16) mentioned the use of amoxicillin, also known as ‘two colours medicine’, 14 mentioned the use of cotrimoxazole and seven mentioned amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Two to five participants also used tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, metronidazole and phenoxymethylpenicillin. The above mentioned NPAs were used to treat self-perceived sore throat, fever, pain, cough, vaginal discharge, eye problems, the common influenza, urinary infections, respiratory tract infections, wounds and toothaches.ConclusionsAntibiotics are perceived as essential medical resources to manage health and illnesses. While taking an active role in their health-disease process, participants commonly used amoxicillin, ‘two colours’, cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid to manage their health and that of their families. In this sense, the practices of SMAs were perceived as part of the self-care process and not necessarily as misuse of antibiotics. A wideunderstanding of health-seeking beliefs and behaviours regarding the utilisation of antibiotics is needed to inform public health experts, health policymakers and other stake-holders in designing and implementing public health education and health promotion programsat all levels in Mozambique.
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Xu, Yannan, Jingjing Lu, Chenhui Sun, Xiaomin Wang, Yanhong Jessika Hu, and Xudong Zhou. "A cross-sectional study of antibiotic misuse among Chinese children in developed and less developed provinces." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 02 (February 29, 2020): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis and primarily caused by antibiotic misuse. Antibiotic misuse among children is particularly concerning, and its prevalence may vary from region to region in China with different development levels.
Methodology: Zhejiang and Shaanxi were selected to represent developed and less developed provinces in China, respectively. Data of 2924 parents in Zhejiang and 3355 parents in Shaanxi whose children were 0-13 years old were collected through multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling and a self-administrated questionnaire. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Compared to parents in Zhejiang, those in Shaanxi were more likely to keep antibiotics for children at home, to engage in self-medication with antibiotics for children, and to make their children take antibiotics prophylactically. While there were no significant provincial differences between parents’ requests for antibiotics during pediatric consultations, parents in Shaanxi province were more likely to receive prescribed antibiotics.
Conclusions: Children in less developed provinces face higher risks of antibiotic misuse at home as well as when attending medical practitioners. Comprehensive educational interventions are required to improve antibiotic use for children all over China but particularly in less developed provinces such as Shaanxi. Furthermore, non-prescription sales and over-prescribing of antibiotics should be reduced by targeted strategies.
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Bongard, Emily, Alike W. van der Velden, Johanna Cook, Ben Saville, Philippe Beutels, Rune Munck Aabenhus, Curt Brugman, et al. "Antivirals for influenza-Like Illness? A randomised Controlled trial of Clinical and Cost effectiveness in primary CarE (ALIC4E): the ALIC4E protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e021032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionEffective management of seasonal and pandemic influenza is a high priority internationally. Guidelines in many countries recommend antiviral treatment for older people and individuals with comorbidity at increased risk of complications. However, antivirals are not often prescribed in primary care in Europe, partly because its clinical and cost effectiveness has been insufficiently demonstrated by non-industry funded and pragmatic studies.Methods and analysisAntivirals for influenza-Like Illness? An rCt of Clinical and Cost effectiveness in primary CarE is a European multinational, multicentre, open-labelled, non-industry funded, pragmatic, adaptive-platform, randomised controlled trial. Initial trial arms will be best usual primary care and best usual primary care plus treatment with oseltamivir for 5 days. We aim to recruit at least 2500 participants ≥1 year presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI), with symptom duration ≤72 hours in primary care over three consecutive periods of confirmed high influenza incidence. Participant outcomes will be followed up to 28 days by diary and telephone. The primary objective is to determine whether adding antiviral treatment to best usual primary care is effective in reducing time to return to usual daily activity with fever, headache and muscle ache reduced to minor severity or less. Secondary objectives include estimating cost-effectiveness, benefits in subgroups according to age (<12, 12–64 and >64 years), severity of symptoms at presentation (low, medium and high), comorbidity (yes/no), duration of symptoms (≤48 hours/>48–72 hours), complications (hospital admission and pneumonia), use of additional prescribed medication including antibiotics, use of over-the-counter medicines and self-management of ILI symptoms.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics committee (REC) approval was granted by the NRES Committee South Central (Oxford B) and Clinical Trial Authority (CTA) approval by The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. All participating countries gained national REC and CTA approval as required. Dissemination of results will be through peer-reviewed scientific journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberISRCTN27908921; Pre-results.
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Torres, Neusa F., Vernon P. Solomon, and Lyn E. Middleton. "Patterns of self-medication with antibiotics in Maputo City: a qualitative study." Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 8, no. 1 (October 21, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-019-0618-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Mozambique classifies but does not yet enforce antibiotics as prescription-only-medicine (POM) allowing the public access to a variety of antibiotics that otherwise are provided on prescription. This contributes to the growing practice of self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) which systematically exposes individuals to the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, antibiotic side effects and increases the health service costs and morbidity. This study aimed at describing the patterns of SMA among Maputo city pharmacy customers. Methods A qualitative study conducted between October 2018 and March 2019 was developed with thirty-two pharmacy customers and seventeen pharmacists. Using convenience sampling, customers were recruited after buying antibiotics without prescription from nine private pharmacies. Of the thirty-two participants, twenty participated in in-depth interviews and twelve in two focus groups discussions (FGD) with six participants each. Purposive sampling and a snowball technique were used to recruit pharmacists. The transcripts were coded and analyzed using latent content analysis. Nvivo 11 was used to store and retrieve the data. The COREQ (Tong, 2007) checklist for interviews and FGD was performed. Results Customers admitted practices of SMA, pharmacists admitted dispensing a variety of antibiotics without prescription. Non-prescribed antibiotics (NPA) were obtained through five different patterns including; using the generic name, describing the physical appearance and using empty package, describing symptoms or health problem to pharmacists, using old prescriptions and sharing antibiotics with family, friends, and neighbors. Conclusion Different patterns of SMA are contributing to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics among customers. The NPA utilization is perceived as an expression of self-care where participants experience self-perceived symptoms and indulge in self-treatment as a method of caring for themselves. Moreover, antibiotics are mostly used to treat diseases that do not necessarily need antibiotics. Strong and effective public health education and promotion initiatives should be implemented to discourage inappropriate utilization of antibiotics and SMA practices.
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C DENNY, DEEPTHI, and S. KARAN. "ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (ABR) AND COMMUNITY PHARMACIST: A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, September 6, 2021, 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i9.42018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a major growing global issue. The WHO report points out high proportions of resistance to common bacterial infections in all regions of the world. Common factors associated with resistance include non-adherence to the prescribed course, improper way of disposing the antibiotics (ABs), misuse and abuse, overuse, and underuse of antibiotics. Another complimenting factor for the increase in the antibiotic resistance is self-medication with antibiotics. This all has caused many infectious diseases to be untreatable. Community pharmacists act as primary source of healthcare information providers to whom the patient directly seeks medical advices. Thus, they can play a central role in ensuring the safer use of antibiotics in the community.
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Adesina, K. A., M. Adeeyo Ayoka, A. Olamide Afolalu, and E. E. Anyebe. "Prevalence of Self Medication and Knowledge of its Associated Risks among Undergraduate Students of a State University in Southwest Nigeria." Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, February 28, 2022, 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2022/v34i231301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Self-medication, as one element of self-care, is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. It is the use of non-prescribed medicines by people on the basis of their own initiative.
Aim and Purpose: This study assessed the prevalence of self-medication and knowledge of its associated risks among undergraduate students of Osun State University, Osogbo campus. The study determined reasons and factors influencing self-medication among the students.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data a convenient sample of 407 respondents. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results were presented using tables, pie chart, frequency and percentages.
Results: This study shows a very young population of students (average age of 17±5.6 years; range – 16 to 27 years), with male making up over two-thirds (slightly over 64%). Prevalence is relatively high; 55.3% of students had used drugs without medical advice, with more than half of the respondents preferring to buy drugs from chemist or pharmacy shops rather than going to school clinic. Antibiotics are the most commonly self-medicated drug on the campus, with headache as the most frequent reported symptom. Factors such as high cost of consultation, urgency and degree of health problem, pressure of time explained why students self-medicate. Male gender appears absolute determinant (p=0.000) of self-medication; other socio-demographic variables were not significantly related to prevalence to self-medication.
Conclusion: Prevalence of self-medication is relatively high with good knowledge of its associated risks among students of Osun State University, Osogbo Campus. It is recommended that health promotion by health workers and university clinic has become paramount.
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Dirga, Dirga, Sudewi Mukaromah Khairunnisa, Atika Dalili Akhmad, Irfanianta Arif Setyawan, and Anton Pratama. "Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam RSUD. Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung." Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, February 23, 2021, 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jki.v11i1.3570.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The high prevalence of infectious disease in Indonesia causes increased use of antibiotics. It has serious consequences since it can cause germicidal resistance rapidly increased, significant morbidity and mortality, as well as high additional medical costs per year. This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic use inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province. This research was observational (non-experimental) with a descriptive evaluative research design. The data were obtained from the retrospective tracing of medical records that collected by a purposive sampling technique on July-December 2017. A total of 163 inclusion samples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis uses standard guidelines for the use of antibiotics and quantitative analysis uses the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method. The results showed that out of 168 medical records, 19 types of antibiotics were used with a 118.57 DDD value of 100 patient days. The most widely prescribed was ceftriaxone (49.09%). The highest number of infections was diabetic ulcers with an incidence of 42 cases (25%). Out of 168 evaluated cases, 166 cases (98.8%) were appropriate indication, 168 cases (100%) were appropriate patients, 150 cases (89,29%) were appropriate medication, and 89 cases (52,97%) were appropriate dosage. These results indicated that the use of antibiotics inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province were rational but it was necessary to consider selectivity regarding the choice of antibiotic use for infected patients.
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Torres, Neusa F., Buyisile Chibi, Desmond Kuupiel, Vernon P. Solomon, Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson, and Lyn E. Middleton. "The use of non-prescribed antibiotics; prevalence estimates in low-and-middle-income countries. A systematic review and meta-analysis." Archives of Public Health 79, no. 1 (January 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00517-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background The global increase in the utilization of non - prescribed antibiotics (NPA), is concerning, with high persistence within the low and middle-income countries (LMICs). With a negative impact on the health of individuals and communities the use of NPA paves the way to the propagation of superbugs that potentially predisposes to changes in bacterial resistance patterns, antibiotic resistance (AR) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed at estimating through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the prevalence of NPA utilisation and describe its primary sources in LMICs. Methods The study is a systematic review and meta-analysis which study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017072954). The review used The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies searched in databases were deemed eligible if reported evidence of practices of self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) and the prevalence of NPA utilisation within adult participants from LMICs, published between 2007 to 2017. The pooled analyses were carried out using Meta XL statistical software. The pooled prevalence was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Results The review included a total of 11 cross-sectional studies, involving 5080 participants and conducted in LMICs from Asia (India, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Yemen), Latin America (Guatemala), Africa (Nigeria). All studies reported existing practices of SMA, with reported prevalence ranging from 50% to 93,8%. The pooled prevalence of SMA was 78% (95% CI: 65–89%). The main sources of NPA were; pharmacies, family and friends, old prescriptions, home cabinet and leftover antibiotics. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of utilisation of NPA in the studied LMICs, these were found to be twice as high in women than men and those participants aged between 18 and 40 years old. The review suggests f considering broader qualitative and comprehensive contextuallized research to better understand the nuances of NPA use. These would be benefitial to uncover uncover gray areas, inform decisions, support the (re) design and implementation of multifaceted interventions towards antibiotic stewardship and conservancy in LMICs.