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Статті в журналах з теми "Self-cleavage"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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1

Manzi, A. E., H. H. Higa, S. Diaz, and A. Varki. "Intramolecular self-cleavage of polysialic acid." Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, no. 38 (September 1994): 23617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31560-0.

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2

Agback, Peter, Corine Glemarec, Lee Yin, Anders Sandström, Janez Plavec, Christian Sund, Shun-ichi Yamakage, et al. "The self-cleavage of lariat-RNA." Tetrahedron Letters 34, no. 24 (June 1993): 3929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79266-5.

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3

Forster, A. C., A. C. Jeffries, C. C. Sheldon, and R. H. Symons. "Structural and Ionic Requirements for Self-cleavage of Virusoid RNAs and trans Self-cleavage of Viroid RNA." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 52 (January 1, 1987): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1987.052.01.030.

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4

Little, J. W. "LexA cleavage and other self-processing reactions." Journal of Bacteriology 175, no. 16 (1993): 4943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.16.4943-4950.1993.

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5

McCarthy, Tom J., Melissa A. Plog, Shennen A. Floy, Joshua A. Jansen, Juliane K. Soukup, and Garrett A. Soukup. "Ligand Requirements for glmS Ribozyme Self-Cleavage." Chemistry & Biology 12, no. 11 (November 2005): 1221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.09.006.

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6

McCarthy, Tom J., Melissa A. Plog, Shennen A. Floy, Joshua A. Jansen, Juliane K. Soukup, and Garrett A. Soukup. "Ligand Requirements for glmS Ribozyme Self-Cleavage." Chemistry & Biology 13, no. 6 (June 2006): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.06.003.

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7

van Roosmalen, M. L., J. D. H. Jongbloed, A. Kuipers, G. Venema, S. Bron, and J. M. van Dijl. "A Truncated Soluble Bacillus Signal Peptidase Produced in Escherichia coli Is Subject to Self-Cleavage at Its Active Site." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 5765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.20.5765-5770.2000.

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ABSTRACT Soluble forms of Bacillus signal peptidases which lack their unique amino-terminal membrane anchor are prone to degradation, which precludes their high-level production in the cytoplasm ofEscherichia coli. Here, we show that the degradation of soluble forms of the Bacillus signal peptidase SipS is largely due to self-cleavage. First, catalytically inactive soluble forms of this signal peptidase were not prone to degradation; in fact, these mutant proteins were produced at very high levels in E. coli. Second, the purified active soluble form of SipS displayed self-cleavage in vitro. Third, as determined by N-terminal sequencing, at least one of the sites of self-cleavage (between Ser15 and Met16 of the truncated enzyme) strongly resembles a typical signal peptidase cleavage site. Self-cleavage at the latter position results in complete inactivation of the enzyme, as Ser15 forms a catalytic dyad with Lys55. Ironically, self-cleavage between Ser15 and Met16 cannot be prevented by mutagenesis of Gly13 and Ser15, which conform to the −1, −3 rule for signal peptidase recognition, because these residues are critical for signal peptidase activity.

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8

Pabón-Peña, L. M., Y. Zhang, and L. M. Epstein. "Newt satellite 2 transcripts self-cleave by using an extended hammerhead structure." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (December 1991): 6109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.6109-6115.1991.

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Synthetic transcripts of satellite 2 DNA from newts undergo self-catalyzed, site-specific cleavage in vitro. Cleavage occurs within a domain that is similar to the hammerhead domain used by a number of self-cleaving, infectious plant RNAs. The newt hammerhead has a potentially unstable structure due to a stem composed of two base pairs and a 2-nucleotide loop, and unlike other hammerheads that have been studied, it cannot cleave as an isolated unit. Here we show that cleavage by a single newt hammerhead requires additional satellite 2 sequences flanking both ends of the hammerhead domain. We also present a structural model of a truncated satellite 2 transcript which is capable of cleavage. The structure includes an internally looped extension to one of the conserved stems of the hammerhead. By in vitro mutagenesis, the identities of each of the five nucleotides composing one of the internal loops were shown to be critical for cleavage. Additional evidence that the extension stimulates self-cleavage in a manner other than by simply stabilizing the hammerhead is presented.

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9

Pabón-Peña, L. M., Y. Zhang, and L. M. Epstein. "Newt satellite 2 transcripts self-cleave by using an extended hammerhead structure." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (December 1991): 6109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.6109.

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Анотація:

Synthetic transcripts of satellite 2 DNA from newts undergo self-catalyzed, site-specific cleavage in vitro. Cleavage occurs within a domain that is similar to the hammerhead domain used by a number of self-cleaving, infectious plant RNAs. The newt hammerhead has a potentially unstable structure due to a stem composed of two base pairs and a 2-nucleotide loop, and unlike other hammerheads that have been studied, it cannot cleave as an isolated unit. Here we show that cleavage by a single newt hammerhead requires additional satellite 2 sequences flanking both ends of the hammerhead domain. We also present a structural model of a truncated satellite 2 transcript which is capable of cleavage. The structure includes an internally looped extension to one of the conserved stems of the hammerhead. By in vitro mutagenesis, the identities of each of the five nucleotides composing one of the internal loops were shown to be critical for cleavage. Additional evidence that the extension stimulates self-cleavage in a manner other than by simply stabilizing the hammerhead is presented.

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10

Wu, H. N., and M. M. Lai. "RNA conformational requirements of self-cleavage of hepatitis delta virus RNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 10 (October 1990): 5575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.10.5575-5579.1990.

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Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA subfragments undergo self-cleavage at varying efficiencies. We have developed a procedure of using repeated cycles of heat denaturation and renaturation of RNA to achieve a high efficiency of cleavage. This effect can also be achieved by gradual denaturation of RNA with heat or formamide. These results suggest that only a subpopulation of the catalytic RNA molecules assumes the active conformation required for self-cleavage. This procedure could be of general use for detecting catalytic RNA activities.

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11

Wu, H. N., and M. M. Lai. "RNA conformational requirements of self-cleavage of hepatitis delta virus RNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 10 (October 1990): 5575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.10.5575.

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Анотація:

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA subfragments undergo self-cleavage at varying efficiencies. We have developed a procedure of using repeated cycles of heat denaturation and renaturation of RNA to achieve a high efficiency of cleavage. This effect can also be achieved by gradual denaturation of RNA with heat or formamide. These results suggest that only a subpopulation of the catalytic RNA molecules assumes the active conformation required for self-cleavage. This procedure could be of general use for detecting catalytic RNA activities.

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12

Feghhi, Shirin, Alexander St. John, Jeff Harris, Jennie Le, Dominic W. Chung, Junmei Chen, and Jose A. Lopez. "VWF Cleavage Products Inhibit Shear-Induced Self-Association." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3718.3718.

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Abstract Background Von Willebrand factor (VWF) self-association is key to hemostasis in high-shear regions of the vasculature. Further, in pathologic small vessel thrombosis, VWF can also self-associate, even on an intact endothelium in the absence of vessel injury (Dong et al. Blood, 2002, 100:40339). VWF self-association preferentially occurs between large multimers, which are more sensitive to shear-induced unfolding. This process is regulated by ADAMTS13 proteolysis, which converts circulating ultra-large VWF multimers to smaller, less-adhesive multimers(Sadler. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2002, 99(18):11552-4). ADAMTS13 not only cleaves large multimers, in the process it also generates small VWF cleavage fragments. This process is sometimes excessive, such as in von Willebrand disease (VWD) type 2A, in which large amounts of cleavage products may be present. However, the role of these small VWF fragments in regulating VWF function has not been studied. Here, we propose that small VWF fragments inhibit VWF self-association by competitively inhibiting self-association sites without providing functional substrates to propagate VWF strand formation. Methods Device: We developed a technique based on a device recently used by the Diamond laboratory to visualize VWF self-association in vitro (Zhu et al. Biorheology, 2015, 52:303; Herbig and Diamond. J. Thromb. Haem. 2015, 13:1699). The device consists of a PDMS microfluidic channel of width 60 µm with a 30 µm square pillar in the center. Flow through the channel produces high shear gradients next to the block. The inlet shear rate was set at 5000 s-1. VWF fragment preparation: Purified plasma VWF was incubated with purified recombinant ADAMTS13 (with a biotin tag) at a ratio of 5:1 at 37°C in 1.5 M urea for 16 hr. Recombinant ADAMTS13 was then removed with streptavidin-coated beads, and urea was removed with a PD10 column. This produced fragments corresponding to N- and C-termini VWF dimers. Assay: VWF fragments were mixed with purified plasma VWF (5 µg/mL) at a molar ratio (fragment to VWF monomer) of 1:1 and 5:1 and the mixture was immediately perfused into the channel. Results were compared to those from samples that contained either only fragments or only purified VWF (30 µg/mL). A total sample volume of 200 µL was perfused over 10 minutes, and VWF strand formation was monitored in real-time with differential interference contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy. Patient Samples: Samples from patients with type 2A VWD and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were obtained from consented adults under a protocol approved by the University of Washington Institutional Review Board. A total of 200 µL of sample was perfused in the channel over 10 minutes. Results We were able to visualize VWF strand formation induced by shear stress alone when plasma was perfused through the channel. The strands formed from the initial adhesion of VWF to the pillar and subsequent self-association of VWF with the adherent VWF. Strands formed at physiologic VWF concentration and shear stress. The addition of small VWF fragments at 1:1 and 5:1 ratios delayed the formation and elongation of VWF strands and reduced the final extent of strand formation by approximately 20% and 60%, respectively. Compared to normal, strand formation was more pronounced in the absence of small VWF fragments (TTP) and less pronounced in the presence of larger amounts of small VWF fragments (VWD 2A). Summary We present a microfluidic assay to visualize in real-time VWF strand formation by generating elongational flow (shear gradients). VWF strands thus formed were reduced in the presence of small VWF fragments generated by ADAMTS13 both in a purified system and in patient samples. This result suggests that the hemostatic defect associated with type 2 VWD is a consequence not only of the deficiency of large multimers, but also of the presence of excessive quantities of proteolytic fragments, and that the profound thrombotic phenotype of TTP results not only from excess ULVWF, but also from the deficiency of smaller fragments. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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13

Riepe, Andrea, Hildburg Beier, and Hans J. Gross. "Enhancement of RNA self-cleavage by micellar catalysis." FEBS Letters 457, no. 2 (August 27, 1999): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01038-8.

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14

Murray, James B., Daniel P. Terwey, Lara Maloney, Alexander Karpeisky, Nassim Usman, Leonid Beigelman, and William G. Scott. "The Structural Basis of Hammerhead Ribozyme Self-Cleavage." Cell 92, no. 5 (March 1998): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81134-4.

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15

Cervantes, Emilio. "Self-inhibitory peptide cleavage by vacuolar cysteine proteinases." Trends in Plant Science 7, no. 6 (June 2002): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02266-5.

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16

Tang, Weixin, Shi-Hui Dong, Lindsay M. Repka, Chang He, Satish K. Nair, and Wilfred A. van der Donk. "Applications of the class II lanthipeptide protease LicP for sequence-specific, traceless peptide bond cleavage." Chemical Science 6, no. 11 (2015): 6270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc02329g.

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17

Perrotta, A. T., and M. D. Been. "Core Sequences and a Cleavage Site Wobble Pair Required for HDV Antigenomic Ribozyme Self-Cleavage." Nucleic Acids Research 24, no. 7 (April 1, 1996): 1314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/24.7.1314.

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18

Gao, Meiben, Tianbin Li, Junxun Zhu, Hongyu Yin, and Yongyi Yang. "An Analysis of Relationship between the Microfracture Features and Mineral Morphology of Granite." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4765731.

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Using the techniques of X-ray diffraction, polarizing microscopy, uniaxial compression, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the relationships between the microfracture features and mineral morphology of granite were studied. The results showed that feldspar, quartz, and biotite are the main components of the granite samples in this study. Biotite has a self-shaped flake structure with perfect cleavage. K-feldspar has a lattice double crystal structure with two groups of cleavage. Plagioclase has a semi-self-shaped plate structure with two groups of cleavage. Quartz is prismatic or granular and exhibits noncleavage. The microfracture features of biotite are flaky with exfoliation, and flake cleavage fracture is mainly determined by its peculiar flaky cleavage. Feldspar (K-feldspar and plagioclase) is plate, layered, or two groups of cleavage and is also mainly determined by its peculiar two groups of cleavage. The microfracture features of quartz are highly irregular, with many randomly distributed intergranular and transgranular cracks, small particles or granule bulges, similar to quartz crystal, and this is due to the noncleavage feature of quartz itself. It is demonstrated that microfractures are preferentially ruptured along cleavage planes for these granite minerals under the action of external forces.

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19

Jomaa, Ahmad, Jack Iwanczyk, Julie Tran, and Joaquin Ortega. "Characterization of the Autocleavage Process of the Escherichia coli HtrA Protein: Implications for its Physiological Role." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 6 (December 19, 2008): 1924–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01187-08.

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ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli HtrA protein is a periplasmic protease/chaperone that is upregulated under stress conditions. The protease and chaperone activities of HtrA eliminate or refold damaged and unfolded proteins in the bacterial periplasm that are generated upon stress conditions. In the absence of substrates, HtrA oligomerizes into a hexameric cage, but binding of misfolded proteins transforms the hexamers into bigger 12-mer and 24-mer cages that encapsulate the substrates for degradation or refolding. HtrA also undergoes partial degradation as a consequence of self-cleavage of the mature protein, producing short-HtrA protein (s-HtrA). The aim of this study was to examine the physiological role of this self-cleavage process. We found that the only requirement for self-cleavage of HtrA into s-HtrA in vitro was the hydrolysis of protein substrates. In fact, peptides resulting from the hydrolysis of the protein substrates were sufficient to induce autocleavage. However, the continuous presence of full-length substrate delayed the process. In addition, we observed that the hexameric cage structure is required for autocleavage and that s-HtrA accumulates only late in the degradation reaction. These results suggest that self-cleavage occurs when HtrA reassembles back into the resting hexameric structure and peptides resulting from substrate hydrolysis are allosterically stimulating the HtrA proteolytic activity. Our data support a model in which the physiological role of the self-cleavage process is to eliminate the excess of HtrA once the stress conditions cease.

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20

Ariza-Mateos, Ascensión, Samuel Prieto-Vega, Rosa Díaz-Toledano, Alex Birk, Hazel Szeto, Ignacio Mena, Alfredo Berzal-Herranz, and Jordi Gómez. "RNA self-cleavage activated by ultraviolet light-induced oxidation." Nucleic Acids Research 40, no. 4 (October 11, 2011): 1748–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr822.

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21

Fedor, Martha J. "Comparative Enzymology and Structural Biology of RNA Self-Cleavage." Annual Review of Biophysics 38, no. 1 (June 2009): 271–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.050708.133710.

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22

Zhang, Yongjun, Shuguang Yang, Chunyan Liu, Xinhua Dai, Weixiao Cao, Jian Xu, and Yuliang Li. "Photo-induced DNA cleavage in self-assembly multilayer films." New Journal of Chemistry 26, no. 5 (April 5, 2002): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b111722j.

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23

Teixeira, Maria Teresa, Emmanuelle Fabre, and Bernard Dujon. "Self-catalyzed Cleavage of the Yeast Nucleoporin Nup145p Precursor." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 45 (November 5, 1999): 32439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.45.32439.

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24

Ventura, M., P. Wang, T. Ragot, M. Perricaudet, and S. Saragosti. "Activation of HIV-specific ribozyme activity by self-cleavage." Nucleic Acids Research 21, no. 14 (1993): 3249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.14.3249.

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25

Kumar, Narendra, and Dominik Marx. "Deciphering the Self-Cleavage Reaction Mechanism of Hairpin Ribozyme." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 124, no. 24 (May 26, 2020): 4906–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03768.

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26

Ruffner, Duane E., Gary D. Stormo, and Olke C. Uhlenbeck. "Sequence requirements of the hammerhead RNA self-cleavage reaction." Biochemistry 29, no. 47 (November 1990): 10695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00499a018.

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27

Ditzel, Lars, Robert Huber, Karlheinz Mann, Wolfgang Heinemeyer, Dieter H. Wolf, and Michael Groll. "Conformational constraints for protein self-cleavage in the proteasome." Journal of Molecular Biology 279, no. 5 (June 1998): 1187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1998.1818.

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28

Hieronymus, Robert, Jikang Zhu, and Sabine Müller. "RNA self-splicing by engineered hairpin ribozyme variants." Nucleic Acids Research 50, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1239.

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Abstract Small RNAs capable of self-cleavage and ligation might have been the precursors for the much more complex self-splicing group I and II introns in an early RNA world. Here, we demonstrate the activity of engineered hairpin ribozyme variants, which as self-splicing introns are removed from their parent RNA. In the process, two cleavage reactions are supported at the two intron-exon junctions, followed by ligation of the two generated exon fragments. As a result, the hairpin ribozyme, here acting as the self-splicing intron, is cut out. Two self-splicing hairpin ribozyme variants were investigated, one designed by hand, the other by a computer-aided approach. Both variants perform self-splicing, generating a cut-out intron and ligated exons.

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29

Sheng, Shaohu, Marcelo D. Carattino, James B. Bruns, Rebecca P. Hughey, and Thomas R. Kleyman. "Furin cleavage activates the epithelial Na+ channel by relieving Na+ self-inhibition." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 290, no. 6 (June 2006): F1488—F1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00439.2005.

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Epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) are inhibited by extracellular Na+, a process referred to as Na+ self-inhibition. We previously demonstrated that mutation of key residues within two furin cleavage consensus sites in α, or one site in γ, blocked subunit proteolysis and inhibited channel activity when mutant channels were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes (Hughey RP, Bruns JB, Kinlough CL, Harkleroad KL, Tong Q, Carattino MD, Johnson JP, Stockand JD, and Kleyman TR. J Biol Chem 279: 18111–18114, 2004). Cleavage of subunits was also blocked by these mutations when expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, and both subunit cleavage and channel activity were blocked when wild-type subunits were expressed in furin-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. We now report that channels with mutant α-subunits lacking either one or both furin cleavage sites exhibited a marked enhancement of the Na+ self-inhibition response, while channels with a mutant γ-subunit showed a modestly enhanced Na+ self-inhibition response. Analysis of Na+ self-inhibition at varying [Na+] indicates that channels containing mutant α-subunits exhibit an increased Na+ affinity. At the single-channel level, channels with a mutant α-subunit had a low open probability ( Po) in the presence of a high external [Na+] in the patch pipette. Po dramatically increased when trypsin was also present, or when a low external [Na+] was in the patch pipette. Our results suggest that furin cleavage of ENaC subunits activates the channels by relieving Na+ self-inhibition and that activation requires that the α-subunit be cleaved twice. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time a clear relationship between ENaC Po and extracellular [Na+], supporting the notion that Na+ self-inhibition reflects a Po reduction due to high extracellular [Na+].

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30

Dick, Sarah A., Natasha C. Chang, Nicolas A. Dumont, Ryan A. V. Bell, Charis Putinski, Yoichi Kawabe, David W. Litchfield, Michael A. Rudnicki, and Lynn A. Megeney. "Caspase 3 cleavage of Pax7 inhibits self-renewal of satellite cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 38 (September 8, 2015): E5246—E5252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512869112.

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Compensatory growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle is dependent on the resident stem cell population, satellite cells (SCs). Self-renewal and maintenance of the SC niche is coordinated by the paired-box transcription factor Pax7, and yet continued expression of this protein inhibits the myoblast differentiation program. As such, the reduction or removal of Pax7 may denote a key prerequisite for SCs to abandon self-renewal and acquire differentiation competence. Here, we identify caspase 3 cleavage inactivation of Pax7 as a crucial step for terminating the self-renewal process. Inhibition of caspase 3 results in elevated Pax7 protein and SC self-renewal, whereas caspase activation leads to Pax7 cleavage and initiation of the myogenic differentiation program. Moreover, in vivo inhibition of caspase 3 activity leads to a profound disruption in skeletal muscle regeneration with an accumulation of SCs within the niche. We have also noted that casein kinase 2 (CK2)-directed phosphorylation of Pax7 attenuates caspase-directed cleavage. Together, these results demonstrate that SC fate is dependent on opposing posttranslational modifications of the Pax7 protein.

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31

Liu, Xiaoqian, Xinming Li, Tianyan Zhou, Yifan Wang, Magdeline Tao Tao Ng, Wei Xu, and Tianhu Li. "Site specific self-cleavage of certain assemblies of G-quadruplex." Chem. Commun., no. 3 (2008): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b713445b.

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32

Gürlevik, Engin, Peter Schache, Anneliese Goez, Arnold Kloos, Norman Woller, Nina Armbrecht, Michael P. Manns, Stefan Kubicka, and Florian Kühnel. "Meganuclease-mediated Virus Self-cleavage Facilitates Tumor-specific Virus Replication." Molecular Therapy 21, no. 9 (September 2013): 1738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2013.117.

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33

Epstein, Lloyd M., and Lil M. Pabón-Peña. "Alternative modes of self-cleavage by newt satellite 2 transcripts." Nucleic Acids Research 19, no. 7 (1991): 1699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.7.1699.

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34

Zamel, R., A. Poon, D. Jaikaran, A. Andersen, J. Olive, D. De Abreu, and R. A. Collins. "Exceptionally fast self-cleavage by a Neurospora Varkud satellite ribozyme." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 6 (January 30, 2004): 1467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0305753101.

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35

Maeda, Hidekatsu, Shinya Wada, and Norihiko Minoura. "Self-cleavage of DNA in the presence of metal ions." Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 50, no. 1 (November 1, 2006): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nass/nrl096.

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36

Guo, Hans C. T., Diane M. De Abreu, Elisabeth R. M. Tillier, Barry J. Saville, Joan E. Olive, and Richard A. Collins. "Nucleotide Sequence Requirements for Self-cleavage of Neurospora VS RNA." Journal of Molecular Biology 232, no. 2 (July 1993): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1993.1395.

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37

Alves, Juliano, Miguel Garay-Malpartida, João M. Occhiucci, and José E. Belizário. "Modulation of procaspase-7 self-activation by PEST amino acid residues of the N-terminal prodomain and intersubunit linker." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 95, no. 6 (December 2017): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2016-0220.

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Анотація:

Procaspase-7 zymogen polypeptide is composed of a short prodomain, a large subunit (p20), and a small subunit (p10) connected to an intersubunit linker. Caspase-7 is activated by an initiator caspase-8 and -9, or by autocatalysis after specific cleavage at IQAD198↓S located at the intersubunit linker. Previously, we identified that PEST regions made of amino acid residues Pro (P), Glu (E), Asp (D), Ser (S), Thr (T), Asn (N), and Gln (Q) are conserved flanking amino acid residues in the cleavage sites within a prodomain and intersubunit linker of all caspase family members. Here we tested the impact of alanine substitution of PEST amino acid residues on procaspase-7 proteolytic self-activation directly in Escherichia coli. The p20 and p10 subunit cleavage were significantly delayed in double caspase-7 mutants in the prodomain (N18A/P26A) and intersubunit linker (S199A/P201A), compared with the wild-type caspase-7. The S199A/P201A mutants effectively inhibited the p10 small subunit cleavage. However, the mutations did not change the kinetic parameters (kcat/KM) and optimal tetrapeptide specificity (DEVD) of the purified mutant enzymes. The results suggest a role of PEST-amino acid residues in the molecular mechanism for prodomain and intersubunit cleavage and caspase-7 self-activation.

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38

Watanabe, Naohide, and Eric Lam. "Calcium-dependent Activation and Autolysis of Arabidopsis Metacaspase 2d." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 12 (January 5, 2011): 10027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.194340.

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Metacaspases (MCPs) are members of a new family of cysteine proteases found in plants, fungi, and protozoa that are structurally related to metazoan caspases. Recent studies showed that plant MCPs are arginine/lysine-specific cysteine proteases with caspase-like processing activities in vitro and in vivo, and some of the plant type II MCPs exhibit Ca2+ dependence for their endopeptidase activity in vitro. However, the mechanisms and biological relevance of Ca2+ dependence and self-processing of plant MCPs remains unclear. Here we show that recombinant AtMCP2d, the most abundantly expressed member of Arabidopsis type II MCPs at the transcriptional level, exhibits a strict Ca2+ dependence for its catalytic activation that is apparently mediated by intramolecular self-cleavage mechanism. However, rapid inactivation of AtMCP2d activity concomitant with Ca2+-induced self-processing at multiple internal sites was observed. Because active AtMCP2d can cleave its inactive form, intermolecular cleavage (autolysis) of AtMCP2d could also occur under our assay conditions. Ca2+-induced self-processing of recombinant AtMCP2d was found to correlate with the sequential appearance of at least six intermediates, including self-cleaved forms, during the proenzyme purification process. Six of these peptides were characterized, and the cleavage sites were mapped through N-terminal protein sequencing. Mutation analysis of AtMCP2d revealed that cleavage after Lys-225, which is a highly conserved residue among the six Arabidopsis type II MCPs, is critical for the catalytic activation by Ca2+, and we demonstrate that this residue is essential for AtMCP2d activation of H2O2-induced cell death in yeast. Together, our results provide clues to understand the mode of regulation for this class of proteases.

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39

Hahn, Harry, and Ann C. Palmenberg. "Deletion Mapping of the Encephalomyocarditis Virus Primary Cleavage Site." Journal of Virology 75, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 7215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.15.7215-7218.2001.

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ABSTRACT The cotranslational, primary self-cleavage reaction of cardiovirus polyprotein relies on a highly conserved, short segment of amino acids at the 2A-2B protein boundary. The amino terminus of the required element for encephalomyocarditis virus has now been mapped to include Tyr126 of the 2A protein, the 18th amino acid before the cleavage site.

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40

Nichol, Meghan F., Kyle D. Clark, Neil D. Dolinski, and Javier Read de Alaniz. "Multi-stimuli responsive trigger for temporally controlled depolymerization of self-immolative polymers." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 36 (2019): 4914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00301k.

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41

Żądło-Dobrowolska, Anna, Martyna Szczygieł, Dominik Koszelewski, Daniel Paprocki, and Ryszard Ostaszewski. "Self-immolative versatile fluorogenic probes for screening of hydrolytic enzyme activity." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 38 (2016): 9146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob01488g.

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42

Fang, Yi-Ting, Si-Yu Li, Nien-Jen Hu, Jie Yang, Jyung-Hurng Liu, and Yung-Chuan Liu. "Study on Cecropin B2 Production via Construct Bearing Intein Oligopeptide Cleavage Variants." Molecules 25, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25041005.

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In this study, genetic engineering was applied to the overexpression of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) cecropin B2 (cecB2). pTWIN1 vector with a chitin-binding domain (CBD) and an auto-cleavage Ssp DnaB intein (INT) was coupled to the cecB2 to form a fusion protein construct and expressed via Escherichia coli ER2566. The cecB2 was obtained via the INT cleavage reaction, which was highly related to its adjacent amino acids. Three oligopeptide cleavage variants (OCVs), i.e., GRA, CRA, and SRA, were used as the inserts located at the C-terminus of the INT to facilitate the cleavage reaction. SRA showed the most efficient performance in accelerating the INT self-cleavage reaction. In addition, in order to treat the INT as a biocatalyst, a first-order rate equation was applied to fit the INT cleavage reaction. A possible inference was proposed for the INT cleavage promotion with varied OCVs using a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The production and purification via the CBD-INT-SRA-cecB2 fusion protein resulted in a cecB2 yield of 58.7 mg/L with antimicrobial activity.

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43

Mayer, Christina, David Neubauer, Aloysius T. Nchinda, Regina Cencic, Katja Trompf, and Tim Skern. "Residue L143 of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Leader Proteinase Is a Determinant of Cleavage Specificity." Journal of Virology 82, no. 9 (February 27, 2008): 4656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02077-07.

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ABSTRACT The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader proteinase (Lpro) self-processes inefficiently at the Lpro/VP4 cleavage site LysLeuLys*GlyAlaGly (* indicates cleaved peptide bond) when the leucine at position P2 is replaced by phenylalanine. Molecular modeling and energy minimization identified the Lpro residue L143 as being responsible for this discrimination. The variant Lpro L143A self-processed efficiently at the Lpro/VP4 cleavage site containing P2 phenylalanine, whereas the L143M variant did not. Lpro L143A self-processing at the eIF4GII sequence AspPheGly*ArgGlnThr was improved but showed more-extensive aberrant processing. Residue 143 in Lpro is occupied only by leucine and methionine in all sequenced FMDV serotypes, implying that these bulky side chains are one determinant of the restricted specificity of Lpro.

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44

Lu, Yen-Ting, Kai-Tan Cheng, Shin-Ying Jiang, and Jun-Yi Yang. "Post-translational cleavage and self-interaction of the phytoplasma effector SAP11." Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 5, no. 1s (2015): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-4677.2015.00005.5.

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45

Lu, Yen-Ting, Kai-Tan Cheng, Shin-Ying Jiang, and Jun-Yi Yang. "Post-translational cleavage and self-interaction of the phytoplasma effector SAP11." Plant Signaling & Behavior 9, no. 6 (April 28, 2014): e28991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.28991.

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46

Sharmeen, L., M. Y. Kuo, G. Dinter-Gottlieb, and J. Taylor. "Antigenomic RNA of human hepatitis delta virus can undergo self-cleavage." Journal of Virology 62, no. 8 (1988): 2674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.62.8.2674-2679.1988.

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47

Eickbush, Danna G., William D. Burke, and Thomas H. Eickbush. "Evolution of the R2 Retrotransposon Ribozyme and Its Self-Cleavage Site." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 16, 2013): e66441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066441.

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48

Chia, Ju-Shin, Hui-Lin Wu, Hsei-Wei Wang, Ding-Shinn Chen, and Pei-Jer Chen. "Inhibition of Hepatitis Delta Virus Genomic Ribozyme Self-Cleavage by Aminoglycosides." Journal of Biomedical Science 4, no. 5 (1997): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000457003.

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49

SYMONS, R. H., C. J. HUTCHINS, A. C. FORSTER, P. D. RATHJEN, P. KEESE, and J. E. VISVADER. "Self-Cleavage of RNA in the Replication of Viroids and Virusoids." Journal of Cell Science 1987, Supplement 7 (February 1, 1987): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.1987.supplement_7.21.

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50

Yang, Yanjing, Yao He, Zhiwei Deng, Jiacheng Li, Xiufang Li, Jin Huang, and Shian Zhong. "An Autonomous Self-Cleavage DNAzyme Walker for Live Cell MicroRNA Imaging." ACS Applied Bio Materials 3, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 6310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00777.

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