Готові списки джерел за темами / Selective heat sintering

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Selective heat sintering"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Selective heat sintering"

Yu, Yue Qiang, Yan Ling Guo, and Kai Yi Jiang. "Temperature Field Simulation of Wood Powder/PES Composite Powder Material." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.218.

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Анотація:

In view of the physical process of the wood powder/PES composite powder material selective laser sintering forming ,this article establishes the plane moving Gaussian heat source as the input laser heat source model .Based on selective laser sintering wood powder/PES composite powder sintering theory and combined with thermal conductivity of composite powder, specific heat, density and other related theoretical analytical models .It establishes three dimensional finite element model of selective laser sintering process of wood powder/PES composite powder transient temperature field .The laser sintering simulation experiment of wood powder/PES composite powder under different laser power obtains temperature field distribution law of the wood powder/PES composite powder forming under different laser power distribution, and the influence of the forming parts forming quality of wood powder/PES composite powder materials caused by the temperature field. The simulation results also provide certain theoretical basis for the choice of laser power in the subsequent laser sintering experiment.

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Dong, Lin, Ahmed Makradi, Saïd Ahzi, and Yves Remond. "Finite Element Analysis of Temperature and Density Distributions in Selective Laser Sintering Process." Materials Science Forum 553 (August 2007): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.553.75.

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In the selective laser sintering (SLS) manufacturing technique a pre-heated layer of material powder undergoes a laser radiation in a selective way to produce three dimensional metallic or polymeric solid parts. Here, we consider sintering of polymer powder. The phase transformation in this process involves the material heat transfer which is strongly affected by the material sintering phenomena. A transient three dimensional finite element model is developed to simulate the phase transformation during the selective laser sintering process. This model takes into account the heat transfer in the material (powder and solid), the sintering and the transient nature of this process. The numerical simulation of the set of equations, describing the problem, is made possible by means of the commercial finite element software Abaqus. A bi-level structure integration procedure is chosen, in which the density is integrated at the outer level and the heat equation is integrated in the inner level. After successfully computing the integration of the density, a material Jacobian representing the thermal phenomena is computed and supplemented the Abaqus Code via an implicit user subroutine material. Results for temperature and density distribution, using a polycarbonate powder, are presented and discussed.

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Yang, Zhiyong, Xing Liu, Zihao Zhang, Shuting Li, and Qiao Fang. "Analysis of preheating temperature field characteristics in selective laser sintering." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 1 (January 2022): 168781402110723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211072397.

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Selective laser sintering technology has broad application prospects in the manufacture of small batch parts with complex structure. In the sintering process, the preheating efficiency and temperature of powder layer determine the processing quality. A method of preheating powder by lamp radiation and tropical heat conduction is proposed in this paper. The thermal radiation model is established, and the angle coefficient is introduced to describe the proportion of radiation energy on the surface of powder layer. Based on the geometric characteristics of the powder cylinder, the heat conduction process is simplified to one-dimensional heat conduction along the radial direction, and the heat conduction model is established. The coupled temperature field under two actions is obtained by combining the heat radiation model with the heat conduction model. The uniformity coefficient [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] of the temperature field is defined to represent the uniformity of the preheating temperature field of the powder layer. By comparing the uniformity coefficient [Formula: see text], a more uniform temperature field can be obtained when the height coefficient is 1.8 under combined action. The validity of the model is verified by a comparative experiment with processed water atomized iron powder. Constructing uniform temperature field can effectively reduce the deformation of parts and improve the forming quality.

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Deepak Kumar, K., N. Prasanth, P. Arunkumar, Esakki Balasubramanian, and A. Abilash. "Coupled Field Transient Thermo - Structural Analysis of Inhibited Sintering Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.663.

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Proliferation in the use of digital data in manufacturing led to a new industrial revolution by virtue of which user groups and researchers from multiple industrial enterprises have introduced Rapid Prototyping (RP) into their product development processes. This paper presents a coupled field thermos-structural analysis of new RP process namely, Selective Inhibition Sintering Process (SISP) for the evaluation on the effect of temperature in various polymer materials. The present study provides information of the requirement of heat source to achieve effective sintering phenomenon. The structured Finite Element (FE) model with a dimension of 30 X 30 X 1.5 mm is considered for the analysis where in different heat quantity is applied in an iterative manner to examine the sintering temperature. Based on the simulation results, for each polymer, required amount of heat to observe sintering characteristics is evaluated. The effect of applied heat on the examination of structural aspects of polymer materials including thermal stress, distortion and displacement is carried out. The simulation results affirms that the polymer materials are within in the safe structural and thermal limit and the selection of low cost heat source will be useful for the development of cost-effective SISP system.

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Zhang, Jian, De Ying Li, Wei Fu, and Long Zhi Zhao. "Numerical Simulation of Multi-Component Powder in Selective Laser Sintering." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.630.

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The process of sintering material from the powder to the liquid with high temperature and then to the continuous solid are simulated, considering the effects of heat conduction, thermal radiation, thermal convection and thermal physical parameters on temperature. The results show that the temperature gradient is larger in the front of pool, and the end of which is smaller due to the fast-moving laser beam and uneven distribution of laser energy. With the increase of scanning time, the overall temperature of substrate and powder particles is gradually rising, the heat-affected zone is increasing and the asymmetric temperature distribution has become more obvious for the heat conduction. As the pool depth is larger than the powder thickness and the pool width is larger than the scanning spacing at the current process parameters, the bond strength of layers and scanning lines is enough.

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Zhang, Jian, De Ying Li, Bin Qiu, and Long Zhi Zhao. "Simulation of Temperature Field in Selective Laser Sintering on PA6/Cu Composite Powders." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.519.

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The 3D transient finite element model in selective laser sintering is established based on ANSYS. The load of moving heat source at different time and locations are achieved by APDL and “element birth/death” technique, and the influence of convection, radiation, latent heat of phase change and thermal physical properties on temperature are taken into account. The temperature field distribution on time in forming process and temperature gradient distributions of pool cross-section are selectively studied, to provide theoretical basis for reasonable process parameters. The SLS experiment on PA6/Cu composite powders is carried out to verify the accuracy of simulation results.

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CHEN, Songtao. "Efficient Meshfree Method for Heat Conduction in Selective Laser Sintering Process." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 55, no. 7 (2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2019.07.135.

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Tolochko, Nikolay K., Maxim K. Arshinov, Andrey V. Gusarov, Victor I. Titov, Tahar Laoui, and Ludo Froyen. "Mechanisms of selective laser sintering and heat transfer in Ti powder." Rapid Prototyping Journal 9, no. 5 (December 2003): 314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540310502211.

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Yaagoubi, Hanane, Hamid Abouchadi, and Mourad Taha Janan. "Simulation of the Heat Laser of the Selective Laser Sintering Process of the Polyamide12." E3S Web of Conferences 297 (2021): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129701050.

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Анотація:

Laser sintering sintering is one of the most widely used 3D printing technologies, in which it transforms 3D models into authentic parts with generally excellent workmanship, the test today is to ensure the unmatched nature of the item produced, therefore hypothetically to understand and predict the thermal history in this process, the thermal models must be exact and fair, In this article, the consideration will be focused on the different models of heat flux diffusion, in the bibliography, some formulas Numbers that describe the transport of the heat source out of the powder bed have been found. A comparison between its laser source models will be established. The re-modeling takes place in MATLAB using the parameters of polyamide12.

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Chen, Tiebing, and Yuwen Zhang. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Selective Laser Sintering of Two-Component Metal Powder Layers." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 1 (July 16, 2005): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2122947.

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Laser sintering of a metal powder mixture that contains two kinds of metal powders with significantly different melting points under a moving Gaussian laser beam is investigated numerically. The continuous-wave laser-induced melting accompanied by shrinkage and resolidification of the metal powder layer are modeled using a temperature-transforming model. The liquid flow of the melted low-melting-point metal driven by capillary and gravity forces is also included in the physical model. The numerical results are validated by experimental results, and a detailed parametric study is performed. The effects of the moving heat source intensity, the scanning velocity, and the thickness of the powder layer on the sintering depth, the configuration of the heat affected zone, and the temperature distribution are discussed.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Selective heat sintering"

Fan, Kin-ming, and 范健明. "Heat transfer properties and fusion behaviour of polymer based composite powders in selective laser sintering." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245286.

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West, Connor M. "Continuum Modeling of the Densification of W-Ni-Fe during Selective Laser Sintering." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1577.

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The purpose of this thesis is to effectively model the time history of the temperature distribution during the selective laser sintering process and use this information to investigate the resulting relative density. The temperature is a critical parameter of the process because it directly effects the overall quality of the part. First, an efficient, affordable, and reliable simulation was developed within the finite element software, Abaqus. Next, the results from the simulations were compared to the experimental results performed by Wang et al. (2016). The FEA model consisted of a 3 layer simulation. Multiple simulations at various laser recipes were conducted using W-Ni-Fe as the powder material. The P/v (laser power/scanning speed) was plotted against the resulting total time above the melting temperature for various simulation. It was concluded that a linear relationship exists between the P/v parameters used in the laser recipe and the resulting time above the melting temperature. The average R2 values for the W-Ni-Fe simulations for layer 1, 2, 3 were 0.962, 0.950, and 0.939, respectively. Additionally, the experimental results from the Wang et al. (2016) study confirmed that a linear relationship is present. Thus, it can be concluded that the P/v parameters used within the laser recipe has a direct relation to the resulting relative density of the SLS part.

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Важинський, Євген Олександрович. "Особливості реалізації електронних систем 3D принтера". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/34858.

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Дипломна робота: 108 с., 7 табл., 77 рис., 3 дод., 10 джерел. Об’єктом дослідження є електронні системи 3D-принтеру. Мета роботи: розробити рекомендації для практичної реалізації електронних систем 3D-принтеру. Для досягнення поставленої мети проведено аналіз сучасних технологій 3D-друку. Досліджено сучасні електронні системи 3D-принтеру. Розроблено модель та підключення електронних систем принтера для тривимірного друку. Розроблені засоби підвищення ефективності програмного забезпечення 3D-принтеру. Виявлено переваги та недоліки принтеру. Розроблено програмне забезпечення для автономної роботи 3D-принтеру. Робота містить докладний опис технології 3D-друку. Детально описаний принцип роботи електронної системи 3D-принтеру. Проведено порівняльний аналіз технологій 3D-друку. Запрпонованно принцип підвищення ефективності програми управління 3D-принтера. Змодельовані електронні системи 3D-принтеру, та проаналізовано принцип його роботи. Отримані результати можуть бути використані для побудови сучасних принтерів для тривимірного друку.
Thesis: 108 pages, 7 tables, 77 figures, 3 addition, 10 sources. The object of the study is the electronic systems of the 3D printer. Purpose: to develop recommendations for the practical implementation of electronic systems for 3D printers. To achieve this goal, an analysis of modern 3D printing technologies. Modern electronic systems of the 3D printer are investigated. A model and connection of electronic printer systems for three-dimensional printing have been developed. Developed tools to improve the efficiency of 3D printer software. The advantages and disadvantages of the printer are revealed. Software for autonomous operation of the 3D printer is developed. The work contains a detailed description of 3D printing technology. The principle of operation of the electronic system of the 3D printer is described in detail. A comparative analysis of 3D printing technologies. The principle of increasing the efficiency of the 3D printer control program is proposed. The obtained results can be used to build modern printers for three-dimensional printing.

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Coffy, Kevin. "Microstructure and Chemistry Evaluation of Direct Metal Laser Sintered 15-5 PH Stainless Steel." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6256.

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15-5PH stainless steel is an important alloy in the aerospace, chemical, and nuclear industries for its high strength and corrosion resistance at high temperature. Thus, this material is a good candidate for processing development in the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) branch of additive manufacturing. The chemistry and microstructure of this alloy processed via DMLS was compared to its conventionally cast counterpart through various heat treatments as part of a characterization effort. The investigation utilized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (GDS) techniques. DMLS processed samples contained a layered microstructure in which the prior austenite grain sizes were relatively smaller than the cast and annealed prior austenite grain size. The largest of the quantifiable DMLS prior austenite grains had an ASTM grain size of approximately 11.5-12 (6.7?m to 5.6?m, respectively) and the cast and annealed prior austenite grain size was approximately 7-7.5 (31.8?m to 26.7?m, respectively), giving insight to the elevated mechanical properties of the DMLS processed alloy. During investigation, significant amounts of retained austenite phase were found in the DMLS processed samples and quantified by XRD analysis. Causes of this phase included high nitrogen content, absorbed during nitrogen gas atomization of the DMLS metal powder and from the DMLS build chamber nitrogen atmosphere. Nitrogen content was quantified by GDS for three samples. DMLS powder produced by nitrogen gas atomization had a nitrogen content of 0.11 wt%. A DMLS processed sample contained 0.08 wt% nitrogen, and a conventionally cast and annealed sample contained only 0.019 wt% nitrogen. In iron based alloys, nitrogen is a significant austenite promoter and reduced the martensite start and finish temperatures, rendering the standard heat treatments for the alloy ineffective in producing full transformation to martensite. Process improvements are proposed along with suggested future research.
M.S.M.E.
Masters
Materials Science Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science and Engineering

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Duarte, Pedro Gonçalo Pereira. "Production of porcelain parts by additive manufacturing." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/31288.

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Additive manufacturing is a disruptive way to produce three dimensional objects with the main advantage being the ability to produce highly complex geometries and designs which are impossible or expensive to produce in other conventional way. With the fast development and growth of AM technologies the interest from the industry has grown. This is the case of Porcelanas da Costa Verde, a porcelain producer looking for new technologies that allow to reach new markets, produce new objects and improve its productivity. In this work two powder bed AM technologies were used: Binder Jet Printing (BJP) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). As BJP is already available at industrial facilities of Costa Verde, this technique was the main focus of these work. To accomplish so, the study of a proper in-bed binder, which allows the manipulation of the printed parts in postconformation processes was crucial. Among the in-bed binders studied (PVA, maltodextrin, sodium alginate and CMC), PVA exhibit the best results in amounts of 10 to 15 wt.% in the powder formulation. Once the in-bed binder was identified, the improvement in the printability of the powders, i.e., the ability to produce defect free printed parts was assessed by studying the use of heat-treated porcelain powders. The results shown that the use of equal fractions of raw and heat-treated porcelain powders leads to the elimination of defects in the printed parts. Concerning the use of post-conformation processes in order to improve the density of the produced parts, the thermal industrial cycles of Porcelanas da Costa Verde were studied and cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and pressureless infiltration of parts with porcelain suspension as well. The final results highlight the ability to produced complex shaped parts with the industrial thermal cycles, however, the full densification of the parts was not obtained. In the case of CIP, the final parts reached 97 % of relative density but shown to be not appropriate for complex shaped parts. In the case of the pressureless infiltration, the process shown to be not appropriate for the infiltration of porcelain printed parts. Finally, the industrialization of the techniques was explored with focus in the raw materials production and the post-conformation processes and both shown to be adequate for the industrialization. Concluding, the possibility of producing defect free porcelain objects through powder bed AM technologies was proven, however, several challenges were identified to be assessed in future work in order to reach full industrialization.
A manufatura aditiva é um meio disruptivo para a produção de objetos tridimensionais que tem como maior vantagem a possibilidade de produzir objetos de formas complexas que de outra forma seriam impossíveis de produzir ou com um custo elevado. Com o rápido crescimento e desenvolvimento destas tecnologias, o interesse da indústria tem crescido nos últimos anos, como é o caso da Porcelanas da Costa Verde, um produtor de objetos de porcelana e que procura sempre novas tecnologias para atingir novos mercados, produzir novos produtos ou melhorar a sua produtividade. Neste trabalho foram exploradas as tecnologias de base de pó como Binder Jet Printing (BJP) e Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) com vista à sua potencial industrialização. Tendo disponível a tecnologia de BJP nas suas instalações, o maior foco deste trabalho é o BJP. Para isso estudaram-se diferentes ligantes em pó com o objetivo de produzir objetos em verde com resistência mecânica em verde para poderem ser manipulados em etapas pós-conformação. Considerando os ligantes estudados (PVA, maltodextrina, alginato de sódio e CMC), o PVA apresentou os melhores resultados para a produção de objetos de porcelana por BJP, em quantidades que variam entre 10 e 15 wt.% na mistura a utilizar. Depois de identificado o ligante em pó a usar, o uso de pós de porcelana tratados termicamente foi estudado com o objetivo de melhorar a impressibilidade dos pós de porcelana, ou seja, produzir objetos livres de defeitos. Os resultados mostram que uma formulação com quantidades iguais de pós tratados e não tratados evita a produção de objetos com defeitos. Relativamente às etapas de pós conformação, foram testados os ciclos de sinterização industrial disponíveis na Costa Verde, bem como o uso de prensagem isostática a frio e a infiltração de objetos impressos com suspensão aquosa de porcelana. Os resultados mostram que os ciclos térmicos são adequados para produzir objetos de geométrica complexa, no entanto sem atingir 100% de densificação. Por outro lado, a prensagem isostática a frio permitiu produzir objetos com 97 % de densificação, no entanto mostrou-se ser inapropriada para objetos de geometria complexa. A infiltração com suspensão de porcelana mostrou ser ineficaz para os objetos impressos. Finalmente, foi explorada a possibilidade de industrialização das técnicas com foco na produção de matéria prima e etapas de pós conformação industriais que mostraram ser adequadas. Como conclusão, foi provada a capacidade de produzir objetos de porcelana por manufatura aditiva a nível industrial, no entanto foram identificados alguns problemas para serem abordados em trabalhos futuros, com vista à completa implementação da tecnologia na Porcelanas da Costa Verde.
Programa Doutoral em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais

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Jiang, Yi-Min, and 蔣益民. "The Development of the Near-Infrared Selective Laser Sintering System with Dual Scanning Head using TPU Polymer Foam Powder." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hek79d.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
機械工程系機電整合碩士班
106
Nowadays, the polymer Selective laser Sintering (SLS) machines available on the market are equipped by a CO2 laser whose use a far-infrared light to sinter the powder by the Photothermal effect. As a result, a high-strength plastic product is produced. However, the features of those products, such as softness, elasticity and lightness are not suitable for the fabrication products for the footwear industry. Therefore, in this study, a dual-scanning near-infrared laser sintering system for TPU powder is proposed to improve those mechanical properties of the printed products. This system is outfitted by a dual near-infrared laser with a wavelength of 1064nm to produce two or more complete midsole at the same time. Thus, the methodology, mechanical, electric and software components are detailed in this document as well as the results and conclusions. In order to test the equipment,a single midsole (scale 1:1) was manufactured with printing parameters of 100% infill density. The printing time was about 58 minutes and its weight was 106.7 gm. Using FDM process, the same midsole model consumed 96 hours to print and the weighed about 267.2gms. Comparing both the 3D printing processes, manufacturing time efficiency of the present SLS process results in 99% of improvement and a decreased weight of 60 %. Using this process, it also can print a pair of midsoles within 85 minutes and 4 pairs within 377 minutes only, which is only 42.5 mins and 46mins a midsole.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Selective heat sintering"

Dibua, Obehi, Chee S. Foong, and Michael Cullinan. "Advances in Nanoparticle Sintering Simulation: Multiple Layer Sintering and Sintering Subject to a Heat Gradient." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63985.

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Abstract Nanoparticles are being used in Additive Manufacturing to improve on the minimum feature sizes that the processes are able to achieve. In order to accurately control this process, it is important to understand the underlying characteristics that define the sintering of nanoparticles. This is done by modelling the process. A nanoparticle simulation has been introduced to model the sintering between the nanoparticles in a powder bed. These simulations make use of Phase Field Modelling to track the diffusion between the particles in the system. However, the current state of the simulations only consider the sintering of single layers of powder beds subject to isothermal heating. For the simulation to be able to simulate an actual Additive Manufacturing process where a 3D part is built, the model has to consider the characteristics of multiple layers of nanoparticles in beds undergoing sintering. Additionally, during Additive Manufacturing processes like Selective Laser Sintering, where the bed is not undergoing an even temperature heating, a nanoparticle sintering simulation for this process must be able to account for these temperature changes. This paper presents advancements in simulating nanoparticle sintering to be able to model the sintering behavior between multiple layers of nanoparticles as well as the effects of a temperature gradient on the sintering of nanoparticles.

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Kamitani, Takayuki, Osamu Yamada, and Yoji Marutani. "Selective laser sintering with heat of formation by using reactive materials." In First International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication (LPM2000), edited by Isamu Miyamoto, Koji Sugioka, and Thomas W. Sigmon. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.405683.

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Liu, Xin, M’hamed Boutaous, and Shihe Xin. "Scattering effect in radiative heat transfer during selective laser sintering of polymers." In ESAFORM 2016: Proceedings of the 19th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4963515.

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Kinzel, Edward C., Xianfan Xu, Hjalti H. Sigmarsson, and William J. Chappell. "Heat Transfer in Laser Sintering of Thick-Film Microelectronics." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79928.

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This paper investigates fabrication of functional thick-film components using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). We demonstrated that SLS has exciting potentials for thick-film metallization of low-temperature substrates. The DC conductivity of laser sintered components is measured for a range of laser scan speeds and powers. The quality of metallization at microwave frequencies is evaluated by comparing the measured Q to simulations. The effects of processing parameters on the quality of components are investigated through a heat transfer analysis of the laser sintering process. Optimum properties of the fabricated components are obtained when proper thermal conditions are achieved during laser heating.

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Liu, Xin, Mhamed Boutaous, and Shihe Xin. "Modeling the Radiative Heat Transfer in Selective Laser Sintering of Polymers: Scattering Effect." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50611.

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A numerical model, coupling radiative and conductive heat transfer in a polymer powder bed and providing a local temperature field, is proposed. To simulate the polymer sintering by laser heating as in additive manufacturing, a double-lines scanning of a laser beam over a thin layer of polymer powder is studied. An effective volumetric heat source, using a modified Monte Carlo method, is estimated from laser radiation scattering and absorption in a semi-transparent polymer powder bed. In order to quantify the laser-polymer interaction, the heating and cooling of the material is modeled and simulated with different types heat sources by both finite element method (FEM) and discrete element method (DEM). To highlight the importance of introducing the semi-transparent behavior of such materials and in order to validate our model, the results are compared with works of other researchers taken from literatures.

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Moser, Daniel, Scott Fish, Joseph Beaman, and Jayathi Murthy. "Multi-Layer Computational Modeling of Selective Laser Sintering Processes." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37535.

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Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique able to rapidly create parts directly from a CAD model using a laser to selectively fuse successive layers of powder. However, defects can arise in SLS parts due to incomplete fusion of the powder layers or thermal stresses introduced by large temperature gradients during the part build. Accurate models of the SLS process are needed to ensure that high quality parts are produced and to allow new materials and designs to be used without requiring extensive experimentation. Most existing models of the SLS process are very narrowly focused, predicting the temperature history of a single powder layer after a single laser pass or examining the impact of a few processing parameters on the properties of the produced part. A model capable of predicting a complete temperature history during an entire part build does not yet exist. Therefore, a new thermal model able to simulate multiple powder layers is proposed. A transient, three-dimensional, finite volume model is developed and implemented in ANSYS Fluent. A domain of cells representing multiple layers of an SLS build is initialized, some with the properties of air and some with the properties of powder, depending on cell location. A Gaussian heat source representing the laser is applied to the top layer of powder cells. The center of the Gaussian is varied with time along an established path to simulate the motion of the laser along the powder bed. At all times the three-dimensional heat equation is solved to produce a temperature profile of the powder bed. When the laser completes a full scan of the powder layer, the air cells directly above the powder layer are re-initialized as powder cells and re-set to an initial temperature, representing the addition of a new powder layer. The process is repeated for each new layer. Temperature history results from the model are validated against experimental data available in the literature and good agreement is obtained. As the model accounts for multiple powder layers, it can be used to simulate an entire part build and predict the impact of any of the SLS processing parameters on part quality and thus enable better control and optimization of the SLS process.

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Dayal, Ram, Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman, and Eberhard Abele. "HEAT TRANSFER, PHASE CHANGE AND COALESCENCE OF PARTICLES DURING SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING OF METAL POWDERS." In Proceedings of CHT-12. ICHMT International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2012.cht-12.980.

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Moser, Daniel, Sreekanth Pannala, and Jayathi Y. Murthy. "COMPUTATION OF EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF POWDERS FOR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING SIMULATIONS." In Proceedings of CHT-15. 6th International Symposium on ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER , May 25-29, 2015, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.intsympadvcomputheattransf.850.

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Zyazeva, T. Y., D. I. Smagin, and A. V. Lamtyugina. "Heat Exchanger Design Optimization Using Mathematical Modeling Methods for Selective Laser Sintering of Metal Powder." In 2020 11th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmae50897.2020.9178895.

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Grose, Joshua, Obehi G. Dibua, Dipankar Behera, Chee S. Foong, and Michael Cullinan. "Simulation and Characterization of Nanoparticle Thermal Conductivity for a Microscale Selective Laser Sintering System." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64048.

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Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are often restricted by the minimum feature size of parts they can repeatably build. The microscale selective laser sintering (μ-SLS) process, which is capable of producing single micron resolution parts, addresses this issue directly. However, the unwanted dissipation of heat within the powder bed of a μ-SLS device during laser sintering is a primary source of error that limits the minimum feature size of the producible parts. A particle scale thermal model is needed to characterize the thermal properties of the nanoparticles undergoing sintering and allow for the prediction of heat affected zones (HAZ) and the improvement of final part quality. Thus, this paper presents a method for the determination of the effective thermal conductivity of metal nanoparticle beds in a microscale selective laser sintering process using finite element simulations in ANSYS. CAD models of nanoparticle groups at various timesteps during sintering are developed from Phase Field Modeling (PFM) output data, and steady state thermal simulations are performed on each group. The complete simulation framework developed in this work is adaptable to particle groups of variable sizes and geometric arrangements. Results from the thermal models are used to estimate the thermal conductivity of the copper nanoparticles as a function of sintering duration.

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