Дисертації з теми "Seismic Shaking"
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Manasseh, Mazen 1980. "A web-controllable shaking table for remote structural testing under seismic loading." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29382.
Повний текст джерела"June 2004."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 73).
The thesis presents a remotely accessible system for controlling a shaker table laboratory experiment. The Shake Table WebLab is implemented at MIT's Civil Engineering Department under the Microsoft-sponsored iLab initiative for the development of educationally-oriented virtual experiments. Facilitated accessibility, safe operation and expandability are essentials at the root of the design and implementation of the Shake Table WebLab. The fully functional system allows students and researchers to excite a two-story structure, which is three feet high, by vibrating its base while receiving accelerometer readings from its three levels. Registered Internet users may upload their own input data, such as the seismic ground acceleration of a newly occurring earthquake, and therefore study the corresponding behavior of a real structure. The system is designed with an expandable architecture which enables future researchers to add functionalities that suit their fields of interest. Relevant fields of study include real-time signal processing and filtering techniques that would provide an understanding of how earthquakes affect a structure and therefore provide insight on means to minimize encountered damage in large-scale structures. An already developed tool utilizes frequency domain transfer functions to compare the measured structural response at the upper levels with a predictable result based on seismic vibrations applied at the structure's base. Two main characteristics of the web-based application are interactivity, provided through synchronized control/response processes, and sensor-based monitoring of the experiment.
(cont.) The system is built on the Microsoft .Net Framework through server-hosted Active Server Pages and browser-embedded Windows Form Controls. Web Service methods are implemented for initiating remote processes. Throughout the thesis, I state the motivations for conducting this project, the different online activities and generic administrative features, and a description of the implemented technologies and system components.
by Mazen Manasseh.
S.M.
Kong, Fanchen 1964. "Analysis of lichen-size data for dating and describing prehistorical seismic shaking." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558237.
Повний текст джерелаKalpakci, Volkan. "Seismic Isolation Of Foundations By Composite Liners." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615500/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYavari, Soheil. "Shaking table tests on the response of reinforced concrete frames with non-seismic detailing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32155.
Повний текст джерелаCASTIGLIA, Massimina. "The experimental study of buried onshore pipelines seismic-liquefaction induced vertical displacement in shaking table tests and its remedial measures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/90945.
Повний текст джерелаLiquefaction of soil deposit can impose deformations on the structures interacting with it with consequent damages. In the design of lifelines, it is not always possible to avoid areas with high seismicity in which the liquefaction hazard is consistent, due to the very long route of these infrastructures and the necessity to provide essential services in different areas. Specifically, pipeline systems provide a medium of transportation for fluids which could vary from crude oil or natural gas to water or sewage fluids. Their construction is challenging due to natural hazards that might cause loss of functionality and possible danger to the environment. The loss of soil shear strength can produce permanent ground deformation which can lead to lateral movements, flotation or subsidence of buried pipeline in case of liquefaction. Uplift of underground structures might also occur, mostly in case of very light structures which could be the pipelines transporting natural gas. Numerous cases of uplift of buried pipelines have been observed over years for example during the 2004 Niigata Earthquake, the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, 1993 Kushiro-Oki Earthquake and 1994 Hokkaido-Toho-Oki Earthquake. In addition, the 2010-2011 Christchurch Earthquake sequence induced liquefaction on a vast area and massive damage to buried infrastructure has been accounted for. Kobe Earthquake in 1995 caused extensive gas leakage from buried pipelines with subsequent fires ignition. Conventional methods to prevent liquefaction have been widely used worldwide and are enough consolidated in terms of implementation and results but their effectiveness in the mitigation of liquefaction for buried pipelines is less known. Different solutions have been investigated over years to assess this problem and recently new techniques are developing to satisfy engineering economy, environmental impact, technical performances and durability criteria. For the specific problem of pipelines, various aspects need to be considered such as different soils characteristics for the length of the pipeline track, time for the solution to start being effective on site, life of the solution when compared with the design life of the pipe, amounts and costs of the materials and simplicity of realization. Overall new technologies and new materials seem to have satisfactory results promising for future applications but there are not yet solutions which can be considered as a standard. To assess this specific problem, accounting for all the above-mentioned factors, this research work wants to investigate alternative solutions for the specific problem of seismic-liquefaction induced uplift of onshore gas buried pipelines. The research is conducted by means of 1-g shaking table tests in a model scale of 1:10 performed in the geotechnical laboratory of the University of Tokyo. This thesis presents the results of eleven shaking table tests, executed in two different time periods, with reference to the transversal cross-section of the pipe embedded in a homogenous medium-dense sandy soil deposit by applying series of input motion. Some of the tests deal with the quantification of the vertical displacement by changing the pipe apparent unit weight and the remaining tests study the effectiveness of new remedial measures to increase the stability of the system. Drain pipes, gravel bags, and geogrids are used as testing countermeasures and the experimental results will be presented in the thesis. A gravel bag installed above the pipeline has been proven effective in mitigating the uplift. This represents an innovative protection system with low-cost technology and easiness of realization and installation in every kind of soil condition and which can be used with the support of the additional benefit of drainage systems not accounted for in this research. Please note that this thesis does not provide considerations on the longitudinal development of the pipelines, which would have required specific studies.
Ryan, John C. "Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Improving Seismic Performance of Steel Moment Frames Using Synthetic Fiber Ropes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29392.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Nizamiev, Kamil. "Simulation, Analysis and Design of Systems with Multiple Seismic Support Motion." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1462884476.
Повний текст джерелаGoy, Cristina. "Displacement Data Processing and FEM Model Calibration of a 3D-Printed Groin Vault Subjected to Shaking-Table Tests." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20061/.
Повний текст джерелаSingh, Bina Aruna. "GIS based assessment of seismic risk for the Christchurch CBD and Mount Pleasant, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1302.
Повний текст джерелаZuccolo, Elisa. "Neo-deterministic seismic hazard scenarios: from the modelling of the past to prediction." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3489.
Повний текст джерелаÈ stato affrontato il problema della definizione della pericolosità sismica utilizzando il metodo neo-deterministico (NDSHA), che si basa sul calcolo di sismogrammi sintetici realistici. Considerando modelli strutturali medi e un set di sorgenti distribuite internamente alle zone sismogenetiche, possono essere definite delle mappe di scuotimento al bedrock complementari alla mappa di pericolosità di tipo probabilistico (PSHA) sulla quale è basata la normativa antisismica italiana. L’analisi di stabilità effettuata ha dimostrato che l’informazione disponibile sui terremoti del passato può non essere rappresentativa per i futuri terremoti, anche se si hanno a disposizione cataloghi estesi nel tempo (∼ 1000 anni). Ciò non è sorprendente se si tiene presente la scala dei tempi dei processi geologici, ma tale consapevolezza è spesso ignorata in PSHA. NDSHA permette di superare questo limite mediante l’uso di indicatori indipendenti sul potenziale sismico di un’area (e.g. nodi sismogenetici e faglie attive) che consentono di colmare le lacune nella sismicità osservata. Il confronto tra le mappe di pericolosità PSHA e NDSHA sul territorio italiano ha evidenziato che NDSHA fornisce valori maggiori di PSHA nelle aree caratterizzate da forti terremoti osservati e in corrispondenza dei nodi sismogenetici. I valori massimi di NDSHA sono confrontabili con quelli di PSHA per lunghi periodi di ritorno (T≥2475 anni). D’altro canto, PSHA tende a sovrastimare, rispetto a NDSHA, la pericolosità sismica in aree a bassa sismicità. È quindi auspicabile una revisione della normativa che tenga conto di questi fatti. Gli scenari di scuotimento sono utili sia per la ricostruzione delle caratteristiche di sorgente dei terremoti del passato (es. terremoto del 1117) che per la previsione degli effetti degli eventi futuri. Quest’ultimo aspetto, importante per le azioni di prevenzione della Protezione Civile, è stato sviluppato nell’ambito del progetto ASI-SISMA mediante la generazione di scenari dipendenti dal tempo a diversa scala di dettaglio. L’applicazione della tecnica analitica di calcolo dei sismogrammi sintetici in mezzi anelatici tridimensionali, per la cui è stata messa a punto una subroutine per la gestione automatica dell’input, è stata applicata allo studio di eventi di profondità intermedia, avvenuti in Vrancea (Romania), considerando sia serie temporali registrate (accelerogrammi) che intensità osservate.
The problem of the definition of the neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment (NDSHA), based on the computation of realistic synthetic seismograms, has been capably addressed. Considering average structural models and a set of sources distributed within the seismogenic zones, ground shaking maps at the bedrock, complementary to the probabilistic seismic hazard (PSHA) map on which the Italian seismic code is based, can be defined. The stability analysis performed showed that the available information from past events may not be well representative of future earthquakes, even if long earthquake catalogues (< 1000 years) are available. This is not surprising if we consider the geological times, but this awareness is often ignored in PSHA. NDSHA can easily overcome this limit since it allows to take into account, in a formally well defined way, not only the observed seismicity but also independent indicators of the seismogenic potential of a given area like the seismogenic nodes and active faulting data. The comparison between PSHA and NDSHA maps over the Italian territory evidenced that NDSHA provides values larger than those given by PSHA in areas where large earthquakes are observed and in areas identified as prone to large earthquakes (i.e. seismogenic nodes). The maximum values of NDSHA are consistent with those of PSHA for long return periods (T≥2475 years). Comparatively smaller values are obtained in low-seismicity areas. Therefore a revision of the code taking into account these facts is desirable. Ground shaking scenarios are useful in order to detect the main characteristics of the past earthquakes (e.g. the 1117 earthquake) and to predict the expected ground shaking associated with future earthquakes. The last aspect, which constitutes a useful tool for the rescue actions of the Civil Protection, has been developed in the framework of the ASI-SISMA Project by means of the generation of multi-scale time-dependent seismic hazard scenarios. The application of the analytical technique for the computation of synthetic seismograms in three-dimensional anelastic models, for which a subroutine for the automatic generation of the input has been developed, has been applied to the study of intermediate-depth Vrancea (Romania) earthquakes, considering both recorded time series (accelerograms) and observed macroseismic intensities.
XXII Ciclo
1982
Guerrero, Bobadilla Hector. "Seismic design and performance of hospital structures equipped with buckling-restrained braces in the lakebed zone of Mexico City." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/seismic-design-and-performance-of-hospital-structures-equipped-with-bucklingrestrained-braces-in-the-lakebed-zone-of-mexico-city(5e7856c9-a9bf-47fa-a12f-f6db23dccba0).html.
Повний текст джерелаSemmens, Stephen Bradley. "An Engineering Geological Investigation of the Seismic Subsoil Classes in the Central Wellington Commercial Area." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4287.
Повний текст джерелаLAMARUCCIOLA, NICLA. "EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STOREY POST-TENSIONED TIMBER FRAMED BUILDINGS WITH SUPPLEMENTAL DAMPING SYSTEMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/147026.
Повний текст джерелаMazzon, Nicola. "Infuence of Grout Injection on the Dynamic Behaviour of Stone Masonry Buildings." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422728.
Повний текст джерелаIl territorio italiano, così come quello europeo, è caratterizzato da un’ampia diffusione di strutture appartenenti all’edilizia storica minore. Lo stato di degrado, in cui talvolta si trovano tali edifici, rende spesso necessari interventi strutturali volti a garantirne l’integrità. In tale senso, negli ultimi decenni sono state sviluppate nuove metodologie d’intervento, sfruttando sia di materiali tradizionali che innovativi, per preservare tali strutture da ulteriori danni, in particolare quelli indotti da eventi sismici. Tuttavia, nuovi materiali e tecniche d’intervento vengono spesso commercializzati ed applicati senza l’esecuzione di un esaustivo studio preliminare che ne verifichi l’applicabilità e l’efficacia. La presente ricerca si inserisce in questo contesto prendendo in considerazione le murature multi-strato in pietra, una delle tipologie costruttive maggiormente impiegate nell’edilizia storica minore. Tale muratura è costituita da più paramenti accostati ed è caratterizzata da un’alta percentuale di vuoti interni. Inoltre, si considera l’impiego dell’iniezione di miscela, a base di calce idraulica naturale, come tecnica di consolidamento applicabile a tale tipologia muraria. Lo studio si propone di validare l’impiego di questa metodologia d’intervento, già da tempo ampiamente utilizzata sfruttando materiali di diversa composizione chimica, mediante la realizzazione di un’ampia campagna sperimentale e di una successiva modellazione numerica. La prima fase sperimentale comprende una serie di prove dinamiche su modelli di edificio, in scala ridotta, realizzati in muratura multi-strato di pietra, successivamente sottoposta ad iniezione di miscela. L’esecuzione di tali prove su tavola vibrante ha permesso di valutare l’influenza della tecnica di consolidamento considerata sul comportamento dinamico globale della struttura su cui si interviene. Inoltre, si è potuto valutare l’incremento di resistenza oltre che la variazione della risposta sismica dei modelli di edificio. Una complementare fase sperimentale ha coinvolto numerose ed ulteriori prove di laboratorio, realizzate in ambito quasi-statico, su singoli elementi strutturali.L’esecuzione di prove di compressione ha permesso di verificare sia l’incremento di resistenza di tali elementi strutturali che la variazione delle loro modalità di rottura a seguito dell’iniezione di miscela legante. Ulteriori prove di taglio e compressione hanno fornito importanti indicazioni riguardo al comportamento meccanico di singoli elementi strutturali soggetti a forze cicliche nel piano. Infine, si è sviluppata una modellazione numerica del comportamento meccanico di campioni sottoposti a carico di compressione monoassiale. Quest'analisi ha dunque permesso di approfondire lo studio della distribuzione delle tensioni e delle modalità di rottura di singoli elementi strutturali, soggetti ad intervento di consolidamento mediante iniezioni di miscela legante.
El, Khoury Omar Mr. "Optimal Performance-Based Control of Structures against Earthquakes Considering Excitation Stochasticity and System Nonlinearity." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492691287286787.
Повний текст джерелаVieux-Champagne, Florent. "Analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique des structures à ossature en bois avec remplissage : essais expérimentaux - modélisation numérique - calculs parasismiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI085/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe seismic vulnerabilty is an important issue in the design of a building. The seismicresistant behavior of timber-framed structures is particularly relevant. Two types of timberframedstructures can be distinguished : the timber-framed structures using industrial products,such as wood-products panels used to brace the structure or metal fasteners, and traditionaltimber-framed structures included infill made of natuarl materials (earth or stones masonry).The seismic resistant behavior efficiency of traditional structures remains poorly recognizedbecause of the lack of research results on this kind of construction.Therefore, the thesis aims at improving the seismic behavior knowledge of timber-framedmasonry. Based on the assumption that their behavior is driven by the response of the metalfasteners connections, a multi-scale approach is proposed. It couples experimental and numericalstudies. At the scale 1 of the connection, at the scale 2 of the elementary constitutive cell ofwalls, at the scale 3 of structural elements such as shear walls and finally at the scale 4 of theentire building.In regards to the experimental work, this method allows, on the one hand, to perform parametricstudies and to analyze the influence of each element (wood member, nails, steel strip,infill, bracing, openings) on the local behavior (scales 1 and 2) and on the global behavior(scales 3 and 4) of the structure. On the other hand, it allows to provide a database to validatethe numerical modeling at each scale.In regards to the numerical work, this multi-scale approach allows to take into account thehysteretic behavior of joints in the development of a macro-element at the scale 2. Thus, thanksto a simplified finite element modeling (macro-element assembly), the computational cost islimited and it allows to take into account the local phenomena. The model is able to predictrelatively accurately the dynamic behavior at the scale 4 of the building, tested on a shakingtable.The study, presented herein, is one of the pioneer work that deals with the analysis of theseismic vulnerability of timber-framed structures with infill panels. This study provides outlookfor the analysis of this type of buildings. It confirms that the timbered masonry structures havea relevant seismic resistant behavior
Cheng, Hsun-Tse, and 鄭巽澤. "Modeling Seismic Slope Behavior Using Small Scale Shaking Table." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63020918740733748406.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
94
Abstract The Chi-Chi earthquake struck Taiwan in 1999. Causing many people dead and injured, buildings destroyed and also inducing numerous landslides . The pseudo static and sliding block analysis for seismic analysis slope usually involve many assumptions. In order to understand the behavior of slope subjected to earthquake, Wang (2003) used large shaking table to perform large scale model slope test in NCREE to observe the dynamic behavior of slope. The small shaking table was developed in laboratory in 2004 to facilitate the laboratory slope model test and which has advantage of easy operation and specimen preparation. The aim of this study is to take advantage of the convenience of the small shaking table to simulate and study the seismic slope behavior. The control factors such as slope angle and slope height have been changed during tests. The development of sliding initiated from the slope crest and moving toward the slope toe causing heave when the control factor is slope angle. As the control slope height increases , the slope became more unstable with ,and development of the failure obvious when the dynamic force is applied the specimen. The images of model slope behavior were recorded during tests and image analysis using PIV is performed to tract the displacement vectors when landslide initiates. The infrared rays were used to scan the surface of specimen, which measured the differences in geometry of specimen before and after test. The deformation of slope was measured according to the average height to two curves. The FLAC program was used to simulate the displacement vector and shear strain increment and the results good consistence with test results.
Lin, Jing-Han, and 林京翰. "Study on Seismic Slope Behavior Using Small Scale Shaking Table." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60783057057746496155.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
95
The Chi-Chi earthquake struck Taiwan in 1999 which induced numerous landslides.Using pseudo static and sliding block analysis for seismic slope analysis usually involve simplitied assumptions. In order to understand the behavior of slope subjected to earthquake, Wang (2003) used large shaking table to perform large scale model slope test in NCREE to observe the dynamic behavior of slope. The small shaking table was developed in laboratory in 2004 to facilitate the laboratory slope model test with the advantage of easy operation and specimen preparation. The aim of this study is to take advantage of the small shaking table to simulate and study the seismic slope behavior. The control factors such as slope height and slope angle have been changed during tests. The development of sliding initiated from the slope crest and moved toward the toe causing heave when the slope angle. Varies as the slope height increases , the slope became more unstable with rapid development of failure. The images of model slope behavior were recorded during tests and image analysis where performed using PIV to tract the displacement vectors when landslide initiated. The infrared rays were used to scan the surface of specimen, which measured the differences in geometry of specimen before and after test. The deformation of slope was measured based on the average height of two curves. The FLAC program was used to simulate displacements of the slopes in laboratory tests and a good agreement between the the results of numerical models and the measurements analyzed by PIV was achieved.
TSAI, I.-JEN, and 蔡宜真. "Shaking Table Study on Seismic Performance of Scaled-Down Models with Mid-Story Seismic Isolation." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86926778066390293091.
Повний текст джерелаTu, Yi-Hsuan, and 杜怡萱. "Shaking Table Test and Seismic Analysis of RC School Building Structures." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93992350193552865852.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
92
Seismic analysis is the essential of seismic strategy for building structures. It can help researchers and engineers to recognize the characteristics and weakness of a structure, and determine proper measures for resisting earthquake. School buildings in Taiwan usually have typical plan and structure system; therefore result in typical failure patterns, which have been qualified in the investigations of past earthquakes. In this dissertation, a series of shaking table tests of typical school building structure models is employed to simulate earthquakes, thus the dynamic behaviors and damage details of specimens can be observed and analyzed quantitatively. The test results also provide the basis for modification of a present seismic analysis method for low-rise RC building structures. It is expected that the improved method could be further used to related applications such like rapid seismic estimation and retrofitting after earthquake. The results of shaking table tests of three 1/3-scaled RC school building models with different structure systems show a common “weak-column-strong-beam” failure mode. It is due to the underestimation of performance of beam, which in the present design methodology in Taiwan is usually improperly considered as a rectangular section without linked slabs or windowsills. According to the “weak-column-strong-beam” behavior, this dissertation presents a nonlinear pushover analysis method for low-rise RC building structures, which can calculate story shear-displacement curve by summing lateral force-deflection curve of each individual vertical member. Then base on concept of energy dissipation, hysteretic behaviors of RC material, and experiential factors obtained from shaking table tests with repeated excitation, a deterioration rule for RC column after multiple earthquakes is established. According to the failure mode and damage condition in previous earthquake, the rule makes lateral force-deflection curve of RC column deteriorated by reducing stiffness and strength. Finally, a practical seismic analysis method is presented. Through a reasonable assumed distribution of lateral forces, the capacity curve can be derived from the story shear-displacement curves. And by using equations suggested by ATC-40, the corresponding capacity spectrum, period, damping ratio and PGA can also be obtained. This method can provide not only collapse PGA of a low-rise RC building structure, but also damage conditions of members at a specific PGA. Combining with the deterioration rule for RC column after multiple earthquakes, it can also be applied to seismic analysis for after-earthquake or aged buildings. The test results of new-built and retrofitted specimens’ show that well constructed and properly positioned wing-walls can increase the seismic performance of low-rise RC school building structures; likewise a separation with sufficient width between windowsill and column can prevent short-column effect. The structural responses, damage progress, and dynamic characteristics vary relatively to each other. However, an attempt to derive quantitative relationship between damage index and fundamental period just results in an unclear quadratic fitting. After modification of: biaxial bending effect, shear contribution of hoops, interaction of bending and shear, reducing factor for flexural stiffness before yielding, extra deflection due to bond slip, limitation of allowable maximum deflection, P-D effect, and RC walls’ contribution in out-of-plane direction, the modified analytical curves approximately match the test results. The comparison of analytical results of the practical seismic analysis method and results from shaking table test as well as two school buildings damaged in past earthquake also shows reasonable accuracy.
Hsueh-WenWang and 王斈文. "Shaking Table Tests for Investigating Seismic Displacements of Geosynthetic-reinforced Walls." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/meek8r.
Повний текст джерелаSrilatha, N. "Shaking Table Studies on Seismic Response of Unreinforced and Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Slopes." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4464.
Повний текст джерелаMendes, N. "Seismic assessment of ancient masonry buildings: shaking table tests and numerical analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/23110.
Повний текст джерелаAncient masonry buildings were built for many centuries taking into account only vertical static loads, without reference to any particular seismic code. The different types of masonry present common features that are directly related to the high seismic vulnerability of this type of buildings, such as the high specific mass, the low tensile strength, low to moderate shear strength and low ductility (brittle behaviour). Besides the material properties, the seismic behaviour of ancient masonry buildings depends on other factors, such as geometry of the structure, connection between orthogonal walls, connections between structural walls and floors, connections between walls and roof, foundation strength, stiffness of the floors and strength of the non-structural elements. The Portuguese housing stock consists of several building typologies in which some of them present construction features associated with poor seismic performance. Thus, it is necessary to intervene in these types of buildings with the purpose of reducing their seismic vulnerability. The “gaioleiro” buildings correspond to a Portuguese building typology, built between the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, with the highest seismic vulnerability of the housing stock of Portugal. These buildings are, generally, four to six stories high, with stone masonry walls, timber floors and roof, and still remain in use nowadays. Motivated by the above reasons, this thesis aims at evaluating the seismic vulnerability of the “gaioleiro” buildings and proposing a strengthening technique to reduce it. The study involved shaking table tests and several types of numerical analysis. The tests were carried out on the shaking table of the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (Lisbon). The experimental program involved the definition of a prototype representative of the average features of the “gaioleiro” buildings, which was later used for the construction of the mock-ups. Due the size and payload capacity of the shaking table, two mock-ups were built using a reduce scale: non-strengthened and strengthened mock-ups. The seismic load is composed by two orthogonal and uncorrelated accelerograms which induce, simultaneously, in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of the mock-ups. In the strengthened mock-up steel elements were used to improve the connection between walls and floors, and ties in the upper storeys. Through the experimental program the dynamic properties of the mock-ups, the vulnerability curves, the crack patterns and the collapse mechanisms were obtained, and the efficiency of the strengthening technique adopted to reduce the seismic vulnerability of the “gaioleiro” buildings was evaluated. The experimental results were used for validating the numerical model of the nonstrengthened mock-up, which was later used in non-linear dynamic with time integration and pushover analyses. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis varying the proprieties of the numerical model was carried out. The seismic vulnerability curves obtained from the dynamic identification tests show that the strengthened mock-up presents a reduction of the damage indicator of about 46% with respect to the non-strengthened mock-up. The results of the seismic tests show that the damage of the non-strengthened mock-up concentrates at the facades and the strengthening technique adopted improved significantly the seismic behaviour of the mock-up, leading to the conclusion that the strengthening technique was efficient in the reduction of its seismic vulnerability. Finally, the sensitivity analysis shows that the Young’s modulus of the masonry walls, the Young’s modulus of the timber floors and the compressive non-linear properties are the parameters that most influence the seismic behaviour of the numerical model. The stiffness of the floors influences significantly the capacity strength and the collapse mechanism of the structure. Thus, the strengthening of the floors is also an effective solution for reducing of the seismic vulnerability of the “gaioleiro” buildings, namely by improving the out-of-plane response of the walls.
Os edifícios antigos de alvenaria foram construídos durante muitos séculos tendo em consideração apenas ações estáticas e verticais, sem referência a qualquer regulamento sísmico. Os diferentes tipos de alvenaria apresentam caraterísticas comuns que estão relacionadas diretamente com a grande vulnerabilidade sísmica deste tipo de edifícios, tais como a elevada massa específica, a baixa resistência à tração, a baixa a moderada resistência ao corte e a baixa ductilidade (comportamento frágil). Além das propriedades dos materiais, o comportamento sísmico dos edifícios antigos de alvenaria depende de outros fatores, tais como: geometria da estrutura, ligação entre paredes ortogonais, ligação entre paredes e pavimentos, ligação entre paredes e cobertura, resistência da fundação, rigidez dos pavimentos e resistência dos elementos não estruturais. O parque habitacional de Portugal é constituído por várias tipologias de edifícios, entre as quais algumas apresentam características de construção associadas a um mau desempenho sísmico. Assim, torna-se necessário intervir nestas tipologias de edifícios, tendo por objetivo reduzir a sua vulnerabilidade sísmica. Os edifícios gaioleiros correspondem à tipologia de edifícios construídos no final do século XIX e inícios do século XX que apresenta a maior vulnerabilidade sísmica do edificado de Portugal. Estes edifícios têm, geralmente, quatro a seis pisos, paredes de alvenaria de pedra, pavimentos e cobertura em estrutura de madeira e encontram-se ainda em utilização nos dias de hoje. Tendo em consideração o anteriormente referido, a presente tese tem como principais objetivos a avaliação e redução da vulnerabilidade sísmica dos edifícios gaioleiros. O estudo envolveu ensaios em plataforma sísmica e diferentes tipos de análises numéricas. Os ensaios foram realizados na plataforma sísmica do Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (Lisboa). O programa experimental envolveu a definição de um protótipo representativo das características correntes dos edifícios gaioleiros, que posteriormente foi utilizado para a construção dos modelos experimentais. Devido às dimensões e limite de capacidade de carga da plataforma sísmica, foram ensaiados dois modelos experimentais à escala reduzida: modelo não reforçado e reforçado. A ação sísmica aplicada é composta por dois acelerogramas ortogonais e não correlacionáveis que induzem, simultaneamente, comportamento no plano e para fora do plano dos modelos experimentais. No modelo reforçado utilizaram-se elementos metálicos para melhorar a ligação entre as paredes e os pavimentos, e tirantes nos pisos superiores. O programa experimental permitiu obter as propriedades dinâmicas dos modelos, as curvas de vulnerabilidade, os padrões de fendilhação e os mecanismos de colapso, bem como concluir sobre a eficiência da técnica de reforço adotada na redução da vulnerabilidade dos edifícios gaioleiros. Os resultados experimentais foram utilizados na calibração de modelos numéricos. Estes foram, posteriormente, utilizados em análise não lineares dinâmicos e estáticas. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise de sensibilidade variando as propriedades do modelo numérico. Como principais conclusões sobre os ensaios em plataforma sísmica, as curvas de vulnerabilidade sísmica obtidas através dos ensaios de identificação dinâmica demostraram que o modelo reforçado apresenta uma redução do indicador de dano de cerca de 46% relativamente ao modelo não reforçado. Os resultados dos ensaios sísmicos demostraram que o dano do modelo não reforçado concentra-se nas fachadas e que a técnica de reforço adotada melhorou significativamente o comportamento sísmico do modelo, concluindo-se que a técnica de reforço foi eficiente na redução da sua vulnerabilidade sísmica. Por último, os resultados da análise de sensibilidade demostraram que o módulo de elasticidade das paredes, o módulo de elasticidade dos pavimentos e as propriedades não-lineares em compressão são os parâmetros com maior influência no comportamento sísmico do modelo numérico. A rigidez dos pavimentos tem influência significativa na capacidade resistente e no mecanismo de colapso da estrutura. Assim, o reforço dos pavimentos é também uma solução efetiva para a redução da vulnerabilidade sísmica dos edifícios gaioleiros, melhorando sobretudo a resposta para fora do plano das paredes.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/32190/2006
Sahoo, Smrutirekha. "Seismic response of steep nailed soil slopes-shaking table tests and analysis." Thesis, 2017. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7323.
Повний текст джерелаAdapa, Murali Krishna. "Seismic Response Of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Wall Models Using Shaking Table Tests." Thesis, 2008. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/913.
Повний текст джерелаAdapa, Murali Krishna. "Seismic Response Of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Wall Models Using Shaking Table Tests." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/913.
Повний текст джерелаYeh, Hsin-Yi, and 葉欣宜. "Theoretical and experimental study of along-slope granular flow due to seismic shaking." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m3jtub.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
104
Earthquakes can affect the stability of slope and trigger landslides. In this study, both theoretical and experimental analysis are used to comprehend the flows behavior of the slope under seismic conditions. Though theory, we develop a depth-integrated equations with the assumption of conservation of kinetic energy, mass and momentum. To solve the granular flow equations, we derive the numerical models from the local equations and the depth-integrated equations. A series of experiments is conducted on a shaking table, which can simulate the seismic vibration. We use the images from experiments and the particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) method to acquire the velocity fields, the depth of flow layer and the time-evolving variables. Using these approach, we develop a model that can be used to estimate the behavior of slope under seismic conditions. Through the theory and experiment results, we can know more about the mechanism of landslides once the shaking conditions are given.
Zarnani, Saman. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF GEOSYNTHETIC-SOIL RETAINING WALL STRUCTURES." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6463.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2011-04-28 16:56:57.084
Chang-Chen, Chia-Shang, and 張簡嘉賞. "Analysis and Shaking Table Experiment of Near Fault Ground Motion onStructures with Frictional Seismic Isolators." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03255204505903032892.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄第一科技大學
營建工程所
90
Presently, there are thousands of base isolated structures constructed worldwide. The number of the isolated structures has been increasing rapidly in the last few years primarily due to the maturity of the isolation technology itself and also human awareness of earthquake risk. Some of these constructed cases were even subjected to real-live earthquakes and proved the effectiveness of the technology. However, very few of them were ever subjected to near-fault ground waves that possess very different characteristics and response spectra from those of far-field waves. The response of a sliding isolated structure subjected to a set of near-fault and far-field earthquakes are simulated and compared. It is shown that the isolator displacement can be considerably enlarged in a near-fault earthquake due to the long-period velocity pulse possessed in the near-fault earthquake. Furthermore, in order to improve the performance of near-fault seismic isolation, three types of sliding isolators with the sliding surfaces of different geometry are studied and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The effect of using supplemental viscous damping together with these isolators is also investigated. The study shows that for a near-fault earthquake, sliding isolation with supplemental damping is beneficial in reducing both maximum base drift and structural acceleration, although the damping may have a negative effect in the isolation for far-field earthquakes. In order to study the effect of a near-fault ground motion on a sliding isolated structure, in this paper, a shaking-table test was conducted. Both near-fault and far-field ground accelerations were imposed on a full-scale model isolated by a friction pendulum system, so the structural response can be compared. Also, a set of artificially simulated pulse waves with variable pulse periods was also imposed on the isolated structure, in order to study the effect of pulse periods. Furthermore, in order to reduce the isolator displacements, a supplement viscous damper was added to the isolation system. The study shows that for a near-fault earthquake, sliding isolation with supplemental damping is beneficial in reducing both maximum base drift, even though the damping may increase the structural acceleration in a far-field earthquake.
Malhas, Faris Amin. "Seismic response of large precast panel walls analytical correlations with the shaking table tests results /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18841298.html.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-281).
Zampieri, Andrea. "Seismic Behavior Analysis of Concrete Highway Bridges Based on Field Monitoring and Shaking Table Test Data." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D85Q4VTF.
Повний текст джерелаSeemann, Mark R. "A Disaster risk management approach to seismic risk on Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4402.
Повний текст джерелаGraduate
GAETANI, ANGELO. "Seismic performance of masonry cross vaults: learning from historical developments and experimental testing." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/941320.
Повний текст джерелаΚλουκίνας, Παναγιώτης. "Συμβολή στη στατική και δυναμική ανάλυση τοίχων αντιστήριξης μέσω θεωρητικών και πειραματικών μεθόδων". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/6144.
Повний текст джерелаEarth retaining structures are still in widespread use, with growing interest due to the demands of modern infrastructure and building needs in a dense urban environment. Building solutions and design methodologies that combine safety and economy are the objectives of modern research. Significant difficulties in the analysis of retaining structures arise from the soil-structure interaction nature of the problem that often prescribes its behavior. Understanding these mechanisms allows design under smaller uncertainties, leading to economical and rational solutions. The contribution of the present thesis consists of the development of analytical tools and theoretical findings, helpful in understanding the mechanisms of interaction and the behavior of walls under combined gravity and seismic loading. Emphasis is given to the derivation of simple closed-form solutions and methodologies for the calculation of earth pressures and the static analysis of wall-soil system. Specifically, approximate Lower and Upper Bound solutions are produced for the case of yielding walls, which are advantageous compared to the classical equations Coulomb and Mononobe-Okabe. In special cases, such as the L-shaped cantilever walls, these solutions lead to exact results, pertaining to a generalized Rankine stress field. Extensions of the above solutions are presented allowing the calculation of non-hydrostatic earth pressure distributions, due to the wave propagation of the seismic excitation in the backfill, according to a better variant of the Steedman & Zeng approach and different kinematic conditions of the wall rotating around the top or bottom, according to the technique of Dubrova. For the case of non-yielding walls, a new methodology for the drastic simplification of available wave solutions, such as the Veletsos & Younan, is presented which leads to closed-form expressions for the dynamic pressure calculation. Finally, new theoretical findings are presented for the mathematical treatment of the intractable problem of plastic limit equilibrium in soil medium subjected to gravitational and inertial forces field. This work contributes to the further investigation of the problem which is founded theoretically by Levy, Boussinesq, von Karman and Caquot, through the significant (but accurate) simplification to a single, non-linear ordinary differential equation, easier to handle by simple numerical and semi-analytical techniques. Apart from the exact numerical results, the proposed analysis provides a deeper physical insight, leading the way to further investigation or extension of the method beyond the classical limit analysis assumptions. The reliability of the proposed solutions is checked through comparisons with established solutions and experimental data from the literature and recent experimental results obtained by the author and researchers in the shake table laboratory of the University of Bristol, UK.