Дисертації з теми "Seismic sequences"
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Nourollah, Mohammad Hadi. "Sealing Potential of Shale Sequences through Seismic Anisotropy Analysis." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74954.
Повний текст джерелаEstay, Huidobro Rodrigo Andrés. "Seismic parameters of space - time clustered mining - induced aftershock sequences applied to seismic hazard in mining." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168513.
Повний текст джерелаUna característica común en la minería que se realiza en roca competetente es la sismicidad inducida. Esta es resultado de los cambios en los esfuerzos y el fallamiento de la roca alrededor de las excavaciones mineras. Posterior a un evento sísmico, existe un aumento en los niveles de sismicidad que gradualmente decaen con el tiempo, conocido como una secuencia de réplicas. Restringir el acceso a las áreas de la mina por el tiempo suficiente que permita que ocurra este decaimiento de los eventos sísmicos es el enfoque principal de los protocolos de re entrada. Las propiedades estadísticas de las secuencias de réplicas pueden ser estudiadas mediante tres relaciones o leyes sísmicas: (1) Ley de Gutenberg Richter, (2) Ley de Omori Modificada (MOL) para el decaimiento temporal de la sismicidad, y (3) Ley de Båth para la magnitud de la réplica de mayor magnitud. Esta tesis contiene tres partes principales: estimación y correlaciones de los parámetros de las leyes sísmicas para secuencias de réplicas inducidas por la minería, desarrollo de protocolos de re entrada en el espacio tiempo magnitud y el reconocimiento y comportamiento temporal de secuencias de réplicas usando un aglomeramiento espacio tiempo. En la primera parte, se aplicaron las tres leyes sísmicas, además del modelo estocástico de Reasenberg Jones, para estudiar los parámetros de 11 secuencias sísmicas inducidas por la minería en cuatro minas en Ontario, Canadá. Para proporcionar directrices para el desarrollo del protocolo de re entrada, se estudió y aplicó la dependencia de esto parámetros con la magnitud del evento sísmico principal de la secuencia sísmica. Los resultados obtenidos son coincidentes con los que diferentes autores han estimado en sismicidad tectónica. Sin embargo, aparecen algunas "diferencias de escala", especialmente con el valor b de Gutenberg Richter y el valor p de la ley modificada de Omori, encontrando que, en promedio, hay diferencias de +0.35 y -0.2 respectivamente entre los resultados de la sismicidad inducida y tectónica. La segunda parte corresponde al desarrollo de un protocolo estocástico de re entrada en el espacio tiempo magnitud, utilizando las relaciones entre los parámetros sísmicos inducidos y la magnitud del evento principal. Se define un radio de exclusión y una relación entre el tiempo de máxima curvatura y la magnitud del evento principal. Esto permite construir curvas de decaimiento sísmico, proporcionando información sobre los patrones de decaimiento de una secuencia en curso. Finalmente, se propone un rango de probabilidad de ocurrencia de la réplica de mayor magnitud, basado en el modelo de probabilidad de Reasenberg Jones. La última parte consiste en analizar el comportamiento del agrupamiento de la sismicidad inducida por la minería a través del tiempo y el espacio. Usando el criterio estadístico de Akaike para seleccionar los parámetros del aglomeramiento espacio tiempo, fue posible identificar una secuencia de réplicas asociada a un evento principal con magnitud Mw = 0.7. Además, se encontró que la distancia espacio tiempo aparentemente disminuye su valor antes de que ocurra un evento principal, para luego retornar a su valor normal. Todos los hallazgos anteriores proporcionan una aproximación a pautas concisas y bien justificadas para el desarrollo del protocolo de re entrada.
Munafo', Irene <1982>. "Seismic sequences analysis for estimation of earthquake source parameters: corner frequency, stress drop, and seismic moment observations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6291/1/Thesi_Irene_Munafo.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMunafo', Irene <1982>. "Seismic sequences analysis for estimation of earthquake source parameters: corner frequency, stress drop, and seismic moment observations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6291/.
Повний текст джерелаParent, Andrew Michael. "Pre-Mt. Simon Seismic Sequences Below West-Central Indiana: Local Interpretation and Regional Significance." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright149606295325976.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia, Aristizabal Alexander <1977>. "Analysis of eruptive and seismic sequences to improve the short-and long-term eruption forecasting." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2621/1/GarciaAristizabal_Alexander_tesi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia, Aristizabal Alexander <1977>. "Analysis of eruptive and seismic sequences to improve the short-and long-term eruption forecasting." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2621/.
Повний текст джерелаKarimi, Seyedhamid. "Integrated characterisation of mud-rich overburden sediment sequences using limited log and seismic data : application to seal risk." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11285/.
Повний текст джерелаTiberi, Lara. "Tomografia crostale della Pianura Padana e calibrazione di procedure di localizzazione." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10125.
Повний текст джерелаI terremoti costituiscono un disastro naturale ricorrente su tutto il territorio italiano e per questo sono estremamente importanti interventi mirati e rapidi di protezione civile. La rapidità di questi interventi dipende dalla produzione di localizzazioni veloci e possibilmente in tempo reale degli eventi sismici. La precisione delle localizzazioni, inoltre, è necessaria per identificare le faglie sismogenetiche. Per questi due aspetti, è necessario un miglioramento dei sistemi di monitoraggio esistenti in modo da poter accrescere la qualità delle localizzazioni automatiche in tempo reale. Lo scopo di questo studio è la scrittura di una procedura che localizza accuratamente eventi sismici in tempo reale. La qualità delle localizzazioni è fortemente dipendente dalla corretta determinazione delle fasi P ed S. A volte è difficile riconoscere il corretto arrivo di una fase, poiché il segnale sismico può essere di difficile lettura per differenti motivi, come, ad esempio, la complessità del meccanismo della faglia generatrice e la presenza di rumore sia naturale che artificiale. Per questo motivo abbiamo studiato, analizzato e comparato differenti metodi per la rilevazione delle fasi e per la localizzazione degli eventi sismici. Gli algoritmi di rilevazione delle fasi che sono stati valutati sono lo Short Time Average su Long Time Average ratio (STA/LTA) e la funzione di Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Il primo di questi è una tecnica comune usata per distinguere il segnale sismico dal rumore. E’ basato sul calcolo continuo di due valori medi dell’ampiezza assoluta di un segnale sismico in due finestre di tempo di differente lunghezza: media sull’intervallo breve (STA) e media sull’intervallo lungo (LTA). Il rapporto di queste due medie (STA/LTA) viene comparato ad un valore di soglia. Quando questo rapporto è maggiore della soglia, viene rilevata una fase nel segnale sismico analizzato. Il settaggio di questo sistema dipende dalla scelta dei parametri, questo prouce instabilità. La funzione di AIC è una metodologia sofisticata e precisa [Akaike and Hirotugu, 1974], basata sul classico metodo della massima verosimiglianza. La sua applicazione più comune consiste nella selezione tra pi` modelli: la stima della massima verosimiglianza dei parametri del modello da il minimo della funzione AIC. Questo metodo è strettamente correlato alla scelta della finestra di tempo nella quale applicare la funzione. Per questo motivo è necessaria una combinazione di più tecniche in modo da poter scegliere automaticamente la finestra corretta. In un segnale sismico il minimo della funzione AIC identifica l’arrivo delle onde P o delle onde S. Questa funzione è utilizzata nella procedura dell’AutoPicker [Turino et al., 2010]. Una volta identificate le fasi, è necessario elaborarle in modo da poter localizzare eventi sismici. In Antelope la procedura di localizzazione è chiamata orbassoc. Questa metodologia legge le fasi rilevate tramite il metodo STA/LTA e cerca di produrre una localizzazione dell’evento sulle tre possibili griglie: telesismica, regionale e locale. La soluzione, che produce tempi teorici di percorrenza per ogni stazione, che si accordano maggiormente con le osservazioni, viene considerata la migliore. Nell’AutoPicker l’algoritmo di localizzazione è Hypoellipse [Lahr, 1979], nel quale i tempi di percorrenza sono stimati utilizzando una struttura a strati piani paralleli e gli ipocentri sono calcolati utilizzando il metodo di Geiger [Geiger, 1912]. In questo lavoro abbiamo utilizzato metodologie per la localizzazione diverse da quelle assolute come Hypoellipse. L’HypoDD [Waldhauser and Ellsworth, 2000] è un algoritmo relativo, ovvero le localizzazioni vengono calcolate in riferimento alla localizzazione di un evento principale o dal sito di una stazione. Questo metodo può essere applicato solo nel caso in cui la distanza ipocentrale tra i due terremoti è piccola comparata alla distanza evento-stazione e alle eterogeneità laterali del campo delle velocità. In questi casi il percorso del raggio tra le due sorgenti e una stazione comune sono simili per gran parte del percorso del raggio. Per testare le prestazioni dell’AutoPicker, lo abbiamo applicato ad un database di 250 eventi registrati nell’area di contatto tra le Alpi e le Dinaridi nell’anno 2011 dalla rete C3ERN - the Central Eastern European Earthquake Reasearch Network [Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze (DMG), Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Agencija RS za okolje (ARSO) e Zentralanstalt fr Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)]. L’algoritmo automatico proposto è risultato essere un utile strumento per l’assegnazione automatica degli arrivi delle onde P ed S. Questo risultato incoraggiante ci ha permesso di procedere nel confronto tra questa nuova metodologia e Antelope, utilizzato da noi quotidianamente in tempo reale per rilevare fasi e localizzare eventi. La complessità del contesto tettonico influenza il percorso dei raggi e conseguentemente la localizzazione degli eventi. In regioni dove sono presenti molte strutture sismogenetiche, una localizzazione precisa della sequenza sismica è essenziale, in modo da capire quale è la faglia generatrice. In questi casi l’uso di modelli 1-D potrebbe non essere sufficiente, mentre un modello 3-D potrebbe descrivere al meglio l’area interessata. La tomografia dei primi arrivi è una tecnica comune per ottenere un modello tridimensionale dalla localizzazione degli eventi. In questo studio abbiamo utilizzato una tomografia di eventi locali (Local Earthquake Tomography, LET) [Aki, 1982]. La tomografia dei primi arrivi e la localizzazione 3-D degli eventi sono state eseguite, rispettivamente, utilizzando il Computer Aided Tomography per modelli 3D (Cat3D) [Cat3D user manual, 2008] e il Non Linear Location (NonLinLoc) [Lomax et al., 2000] attraverso una procedura iterativa. Il Cat3D viene utilizzato solitamente in sismica attiva, mentre in questo studio è stato applicato ad un caso sismologico. La principale differenza tra la sismica attiva e la sismologia sono le incertezze nel sistema tomografico. Nella sismica attiva la localizzazione della sorgente è ben definita mentre nella sismologia è una variabile con incertezza elevata che si propaga nella stima del percorso del raggio e dei tempi di percorrenza. Per risolvere questo problema, abbiamo utilizzato una procedura iterativa composta dalla tomografia dei primi arrivi e dalla rilocalizzazione degli eventi con il modello 3-D risultante. Dopo il verificarsi della sequenza sismica emiliana nel Maggio-Giugno 2012, abbiamo deciso di analizzarla come interessante caso di studio. La sequenza sismica è iniziata il 20 Maggio (02:03:53 UTC), con un terremoto di Ml 5.9 [Scognamiglio et al., 2012]. Questa sequenza è composta da migliaia di eventi, sei dei quali con Ml maggiore di 5.0, tra cui un evento di magnitudo locale 5.8, il 29 Maggio (07:00:03 UTC). Su questi eventi abbiamo testato le prestazioni dell’AutoPicker e di Antelope. Per fare ciò abbiamo rilevato manualmente le fasi e localizzato alcuni degli eventi maggiori della sequenza sismica. Questi eventi sono caratterizzati da fasi P, ma in particolar modo fasi S, difficili da rilevare, probabilmente a causa del complesso meccanismo di faglia. Inoltre la complessità del sistema tettonico assieme all’incertezza della profondità focale rendono problematiche le localizzazioni degli eventi. La sequenza sismica emiliana ha interessato un’area di 50 km con andamento E-W localizzata nell’angolo sud della Pianura Padana, interessando il settore centrale dell’arco di Ferrara appartenente al sistema esterno della cintura degli Appennini Settentrionali. L’arco di Ferrara è composto da due sistemi: le pieghe di Ferrara nel nordest e la piega di Mirandola localizzata nella parte più interna a sudovest [Govoni et al., 2014]. Abbiamo elaborato gli arrivi P ed S in modo da poter localizzare la sequenza sismica utilizzando differenti modelli di velocità trovati in letteratura: Bragato et al. [2011], Ciaccio and Chiarabba [2002],Costa et al. [1992], Iside, Zollo et al. [1995], Malagnini et al. [2012], Massa [2012] e quattro modelli geologici proposti da Lavecchia et al. [in prep.] L’idea è di produrre un insieme di localizzazioni di eventi clusterizzati con residui minimi, in modo da poter capire quale è la faglia generatrice. Questo lavoro è stato svolto in collaborazione con l'Università di Chieti e il Dipartimento di Protezione Civile (DPC). Dalla distribuzione ipocentrale delle soluzioni, sembra che l'arco di Mirandola non sia coinvolto nella sequenza sismica, mentre i segmenti della parte interna e centrale del sistema di sovrascorrimento di Ferrara sembrano essere stati attivati dalle sequenze sismiche del 29 e del 20 Maggio, rispettivamente. La complessità dell'area interessata dalla sequenza sismica dell'Emilia, richiede il calcolo di modelli tridimensionali di velocità in modo da poter localizzare più precisamente gli eventi. Come già detto, abbiamo elaborato una procedura iterativa: tomografia dei primi arrivi e localizzazioni 3-D degli eventi, attraverso l'uso rispettivamente del Cat3D e del NonLinLoc, in collaborazione con l'OGS. La sequenza sismica copre solo una piccola parte della regione (30x30 km^2 di larghezza e 20 km di profondità), per questo l'area investigata si limiterà alla porzione superiore della crosta. Come modelli iniziali di velocità abbiamo scelto: Costa et al, 1992; Massa et al. 2013 e NewModel1 (LaVecchia et al., in prep., i quali avevano errori verticali inferiori al chilometro nello studio precedente. Il miglior modello iniziale sembra essere quello di Massa et al. (2013), il quale mostra valori di rms bassi rispetti alle altre soluzioni. I tre modelli tridimensionali di velocità per le onde P risultanti mostrano caratteristiche comuni: uno strato superficiale a bassa velocità e uno strato spesso (5-20 km in profondità) a 5.5km/s. I risultati tomografici per i modelli Vs presentano un comune strato superficiale a bassa velocità e uno strato caratterizzato da valori di velocità per le onde S di 3.0 km/s. Le tre serie di soluzioni, dei differenti modelli di velocità, sono comparabili all'interno dell'intervallo di errore, anche in termini di qualità. Le localizzazioni per la scossa principale del 20 maggio 2012 sono sparpagliate rispetto a quelle della seconda scossa principale del 29 maggio. Una possibile causa potrebbe essere l'installazione delle stazioni temporanee nel campo vicino della sequenza sismica dopo il 20 maggio 2012. Per l'evento del 29 maggio, infatti, si hanno molte più registrazioni che per il primo evento del 20 e tutte in campo vicino. Le localizzazioni degli eventi ottenute da modelli tomografici tridimensionali sono meno disperse di quelle ottenute con modelli unidimensionali, anche se le localizzazioni dei due eventi principali sono simili. In profondità le due serie di soluzioni non differiscono in modo significativo. Per migliorare la qualità della procedura di localizzazione nel nostro centro di raccolta dati, vorremo installare una procedura automatica sia rapida sia precisa. Per raggiungere questo risultato abbiamo comparato l'AutoPicker con Antelope sulla sequenza sismica dell'Emilia. Questo confronto è di fondamentale importanza per comprendere quale dei due algoritmi rileva fasi e/o localizza eventi in modo più preciso. Il nostro scopo, infatti, è quello di unire ed implementare queste due tecniche in modo da ottenere un miglior rilevatore di fasi e localizzatore. I risultati di questo confronto ci hanno portato a concludere che l'AutoPicker trova più fasi e con maggior precisione rispetto ad Antelope, sia per le fasi P che per le fasi S. Nonostante ciò il processo di associazione delle fasi in Antelope è in grado di correggere gli errori delle fasi e trovare la corretta localizzazione dell'evento. Questo ci ha suggerito di implementare l'algoritmo dell'AutoPicker nella procedura di Anteope, in modo tale che l' AutoPicker definisca gli arrivi P ed S e Antelope li associ e localizzi gli eventi. Con il miglioramento delle reti sismiche e la possibilità di raccogliere enormi quantitativi di dati, è necessario produrre enormi database, in modo da poter avere un rapido accesso ad essi e di poterli rielaborare in tempo reale o quasi reale. Per questi enormi database la rilevazione manuale delle fasi è un lavoro oneroso, che richiede tanto tempo. La possibilità di avere uno strumento che rilevi automaticamente fasi di ottima qualità, che producano risultati similari a quelli ottenuti dall'inversione tomografica utilizzando le fasi rilevate manualmente, è sicuramente conveniente ed utile. Per questa ragione abbiamo confrontato due differenti tomografie dei primi arrivi, prodotte con la stessa tecnica dell'analisi precedente, che differiscono solo per i dati di partenza: la prima è stata ottenuta dalle fasi rilevate manualmente, la seconda dalle fasi rilevate automaticamente con l'AutoPicker per la sequenza sismica dell'Emilia. I risultati ottenuti indicano un incremento del valore medio dell' rms sia nelle localizzazioni sia nella tomografia per le fasi automatiche. Nonostante questo i modelli tridimensionali ottenuti ( Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs) sono comparabili. Pertanto sembra che gli errori nelle localizzazioni non influenzino i risultati tomografici ma inficino la precisione del sistema tomografico stesso. Quindi per database contenenti enormi quantità di dati è possibile utilizzare le fasi automatiche come dati di partenza, ottenendo risultati comparabili a quelli ottenuti con le fasi manuali.
Earthquakes constitute a recurring natural disaster all over the Italian territory, and therefore civil defence focused interventions are extremely important. The rapidity of such interventions strongly depend on the production of fast and possibly real-time locations of the seismic events. The precise location of events is also needed to identify seismogenic faults. For these two aspects, an upgrade of the existing monitoring systems is fundamental to improve the automatic locations quality in a quasi real-time mode. The main purpose of this study is the production of a routine that will accurately locate seismic event in real-time. The quality of the locations strongly depends on the correct determination of the P- and S- phases. Sometimes it is hard to recognize the correct onset of a phase, since the signal can be blurred by various causes, such as, e.g., the complexity of the generating fault mechanism and the presence of natural or man-made noise. For this reason we have studied, analyzed and compared different phase picking and location methods. The picking algorithms that were evaluated are the Short Time Average over Long Time Average ratio (STA/LTA) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) function. The first one is a common technique used to distinguish the seismic signal from noise. It is based on the continuous calculation of the average values of the absolute amplitude of a seismic signal in two moving-time windows with different lengths: the short-time average and the long-time average. The STA/LTA ratio is compared with a threshold value. When the ratio is larger than this threshold, the onset of a seismic signal is detected. The main disadvantage of this method is its instability, due to the parameters choice: a too long STA window could cause the non-detection of local events, whereas a too short STA window could cause the detection of man-made seismic noise. A high STA/LTA threshold records less events than the ones those have occurred, but false triggers are eliminated. If this value is chosen to be lower, more events will be detected, but more frequent false triggers could be recorded. This algorithm is part of the Antelope (BRRT, Boulder) detection procedure, used in this study. The AIC function is a precise and sophisticated methodology, being a revision of the classical maximum likelihood estimation procedure (Akaike, 1974). The AIC function is designed for statistical identification of model characteristics. Its most classical application consists in the selection of the best among several competing models; the maximum likelihood estimate of the model parameters gives the minimum of AIC function. It is strictly correlated to the correct choice of the time window in which apply the function, so it is necessary combined with other techniques, in order to automatically choose a correct window. This dependence on other methods, makes the application of the AIC function to detect phases, a complex methodology, which can be affected by errors in the parameter choices. The AIC function is used in the AutoPicker procedure (Turino et al., 2012). In a seismic signal the minimum of the AIC function identifies the P- or S- onset. In this automatic phase picker the time window in which to apply the function, in the case of P phases, is chosen by a combination of a band-pass filter and an envelope time function, used as “energy” detector to select the event in the waveform; for the S phases, the selection of the window is guided by a preliminary location of the P- phases. Once the P- and S- phases are identified, it is necessary to elaborate them in order to locate the seismic event. In Antelope the location procedure is called orbassoc. This methodology reads the pickings, determined through the use of the STA/LTA technique, and tries to produce an event location over three possible grids: teleseismic, regional and local. The solution that produces the minimum travel time residuals set (differences between synthetic travel times and observed travel times) is considered as the best one. In the AutoPicker the location algorithm is Hypoellipse (Lahr, 1979), in which the travel-times are estimated from a horizontally-layered velocity-structure and the hypocenter is calculated using Geiger's method (Geiger, 1912) to minimize the root mean square (rms) of the travel time residuals. In order to improve the location quality we have used in this work various location methodologies with respect to the absolute ones, such as Hypoellipse. The HypoDD (Waldhauser et al., 2000) is a relative algorithm, the locations depend either on the location of a master event or on a station site. This method can be applied only in the case when the hypocentral separation between two earthquakes is small compared to the event-station distance and the scale length of the velocity heterogeneities. In such cases the ray paths between the source region and a common station are similar along almost the entire ray path. In order to test the performances of the AutoPicker, we have applied it to a database of 250 events recorded in the year 2011 by the C3ERN - the Central Eastern European Earthquake Reasearch Network [Department of Mathematics and Geosciences (DMG), Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Agencija RS za okolje (ARSO) and Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)] – at the Alps-Dinarides contact. The proposed automatic picker appears to be a useful tool for assigning automatically onset P and S times to detected seismic signals for the purpose of rapid hypocenter calculations. These encouraging results have allowed us to proceed comparing this new picking methodology to another one, tested and used daily and in real-time by us to detect and locate events, the Antelope software. The complexity of the tectonic environment influences ray tracing and consequently the event locations. In regions where many seismogenic structures are present, a precise location of a seismic sequence is essential, in order to understand which fault is the generating one. In such cases the use of a 1-D velocity model might not be sufficient, so a 3-D velocity model is a better solution to describe the studied area. The travel-time tomography is a common technique to obtain a 3-D velocity model, from event locations. In this study we have chosen a local earthquake tomography (LET) (Aki, 1982). The travel time tomography and the 3-D event location are performed, respectively, using the Computer Aided Tomography for 3D models (Cat3D) software (Cat3D manual, 2008) and the Non Linear Location (NonLinLoc) software (Lomax et al., 2000) through an iterative procedure. The Cat3D is basically used in active seismics, but in this study it is applied to a seismological case. The main difference between active seismics and seismology are the unknowns in the tomographic system. In seismology the source location is an unknown parameter with a high uncertainty, while in active seismics the source locations are well defined. In this study, the introduction of the source location in the tomographic system, introduces uncertainties in obth the ray tracing and travel-times estimation. In order to solve this uncertainty, we used an iterative procedure composed by the application of tomography and the event location in resulting 3-D velocity model. After the occurrence of the Emilia seismic sequence in May-June 2012, we have decided to investigate it as an interesting study case. The sequence started on May 20 (02:03:53 UTC), with a ML 5.9 earthquake, preceded by a M_L 4.1 foreshock, three hours earlier (Scognamiglio et al., 2012). Theaftershock sequence comprised thousands of earthquakes, six of them with M_L ≥ 5.0. Among these, a M_L 5.8 earthquake, on May 29 (07:00:03 UTC), caused probably more damages than the first shock. Through the study of this seismic sequence we have tested the performances of the automatic picking algorithms. In order to do that, we have manually picked and located some of the major events of this seismic sequence. These events are characterized by P- and especially S-phases, which are really difficult to detect, probably because the fault system of the Emilia earthquake area is complex. Moreover, the complexity of the tectonic environment along with the focal depth uncertainty make the event locations problematic, because it is not always easy to assess which fault has moved. The Emilia sequence occurred in the central, roughly E-W trending, sector of the Ferrara arc belonging to the external fold-and-thrust system of the Northern Apennines belt. The Ferrara arc is structured into two major fold-and-thrust systems: the Ferrara system in the northeast and the Mirandola system located in a more internal position to the southwest (Govoni et al., 2014). We have processed the P- and S- onsets in order to locate the seismic sequence using different velocity models found in literature: Bragato et al. (2011), Ciaccio et al. (2002), Costa et al. (1992), “Iside”, Zollo et al. (1995), Malagnini et al. (2012), Massa (Rapporto DPC-INGV S1-2013) and four geological models proposed by Lavecchia et al. (in prep). The idea is to produce a set of clustered event locations with the lowest residuals, in order to understand which is the generating fault in the complex system of faults. This work is being performed in collaboration with Università di Chieti and Department of Civil Defence (DPC). From the hypocentral distribution, it seems that the Mirandola thrust was not involved during the Emilia sequence, whereas the internal and middle segments of the Ferrara thrust systems were activated by 29 and 20 May seismic sequences, respectively. The complexity of the seismic sequence area in Emilia requires the calculation of a tridimensional velocity model in order to locate more precisely the events. As already said, we elaborated an iterative procedure: travel-time tomography and 3-D event locations, through the use of the Cat3D and NonLinLoc softwares, in collaboration with OGS. This is done to minimize the uncertainties introduced in the tomographic system by the unknown source locations. Since the seismic sequence covers only a small part of this region (about 30x30km^2 wide and 0-20 km deep), the investigated area will be limited to its upper crustal part. As initial velocity models, we have chosen those ones: Costa et al, 1992; Massa et al. 2013 and NewModel1 (LaVecchia et al., in prep.) that have vertical errors lower than one km. The best velocity model is the one, obtained using as initial model the Massa et al. (2013), which shows rms values lower than the others. The three resulting 3-D Vp velocity models shows similar characteristcs: a surface layer (0 – 5 km) of low Vp velocity, about 1,8 km/s, and a thick layer (5 – 20 km) of 5.5 km/s. The tomographic results for Vs velocity model present a common shallow layer (0 - 3 km) of low velocity (about 1 km/s) and a thick layer (3 - 13 km) characterized by a Vs velocity value of about 3.0 km/s. The three set of solutions, from the different velocity models, are comparable in the errors range. The locations for the main-shock of the 20th of May, 2012 are more scattered respect the solutions for the 29th's. A possible reason could be the installations of temporary stations in the near field of the sequence after the 20th of May, 2012. For the 29th event, in fact, we have more waveforms than for the previous main-shock, and all of them in the near field. We calculated the rms for each event in order to discriminate a velocity model with respect to another from the quality of the locations. We obtained three similar rms values trends, so we were not able to choose a best velocity model. The events locations from 3-D tomographic models are less scattered than those one computed from the 1-D ones; otherwise the locations of the two main-shock events seem to be quite similar. In depth the two set of solutions do not differ in a significative way. To improve the quality of the location procedure in our datacenter, we would like to install a precise and rapid automatic procedure. Therefore, we have compared the AutoPicker method with a more tested and solid one, the Antelope picking method, on the Emilia seismic sequence of data, using as reference pickings and locations the manual ones. This comparison is of fundamental importance which one of the two algorithms better detects phases and/or locates events. Our aim is, in fact, to merge and implement these two techniques to obtain a better detector and locator. AutoPicker finds more and preciser phases than Antelope both P- and mainly S-phases. Despite that the associator process in Antelope, is able to correctly associate the detections and to find the correct location. The obtained results suggest us to implement the AutoPicker algorithm in the Antelope procedure in order to use the AutoPicker to define P- and S-onset and Antelope to associate them and locate the events. With the improvement of seismic networks and the possibility to store huge amounts of data, it is necessary to produce big databases, in order to have a rapid access to the data and to re-elaborate them in real time o quasi real time mode. For big databases, the manual picking is an onerous work, requiring a lot of time. The possibility to have a good-quality automatic tool for phase recognition and picking, which produces similar results to those obtained from the tomographic inversion by using manual phases picking, is certainly convenient and useful. For this reason, we have compared two different travel time tomographic inversions made with the same technique of the previous analysis, differing only in the input phase files: the first one obtained from manual pickings, the second one from the automatic AutoPicker pickings of the Emilia sequence. The obtained results indicate an increase of the average rms both on the locations and on the tomography. Despite that, the tridimensional velocity models (Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs) are comparable, therefore, it seems that the location errors do not influence the tomographic results but the precision of the tomographic system. So for a large database it is possible to use automatic phases as input in a travel-time tomography, obtaining similar results as those obtained using manually picked phases.
XXVI Ciclo
1985
Lindman, Mattias. "Physics of Aftershocks in the South Iceland Seismic Zone : Insights into the earthquake process from statistics and numerical modelling of aftershock sequences." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9531.
Повний текст джерелаRosa, Milena Cristina [UNESP]. "Análise Geológico-Geofísica de reservatórios carbonáticos neobarremiano-eoaptianos da Sequência das Coquinas, Formação Coqueiros, Grupo Lagoa Feia, sudoeste da Bacia de Campos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144648.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Na Bacia de Campos, os reservatórios carbonáticos da Formação Coqueiros do Grupo Lagoa Feia, de idade eobarremiana-neoaptiana, representaram grandes e importantes descobertas de campos produtores de hidrocarbonetos na década de 70. O avanço dos conceitos geodinâmicos e geotectônicos sobre as novas e potenciais acumulações na seção rifte das Bacias Marginais Brasileiras, a partir de 2007, retomaram os reservatórios formados por rochas carbonáticas como atrativos alvos de estudos, devidos principalmente a grande importância econômica atribuída a esses reservatórios. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender a distribuição das propriedades físicas dos reservatórios carbonáticos formados por depósitos do tipo coquinas (rudstones e grainstones de moluscos bivalves) e definir os principais fatores petrofísicos que caracterizam os níveis-reservatório (e.g. densidade, índice de radioatividade, composição mineralógica e de rocha, etc.) e os fatores que controlariam a qualidade do mesmo (e.g. porosidade, saturação de água e permeabilidade) com o intuito de compreender a distribuição geométrica do seu sistema permo-poroso. O presente estudo fez uso de métodos geológicos/geofísicos, como interpretação estratigráfica de perfis de poços, cálculos petrofísicos, interpretação de dados sísmicos 3D e interpretação e correlação de atributos sísmicos. Dentre os resultados obtidos, a análise estratigráfica permitiu definir os limites de sequências, em ciclos de 3°ordem, das quatro sequências deposicionais (Sequência Clástica Basal; Sequência Talco-Estevensíta; Sequência das Coquinas e Sequência Clástica-Evaporítica) que compõem o Grupo Lagoa Feia. A Sequência das Coquinas, que é o foco deste estudo, apresenta uma divisão, interna aos seus depósitos de coquinas, em seis níveis-reservatórios (um na Coquina Superior e cinco na Coquina Inferior) onde os limites estratigráficos estão associados a ciclos de 4°ordem. A análise petrofísica indicou que o principal nível produtor na área está na Coquina Inferior 4 (CI-4), e é o que apresenta as melhores respostas de espessura (35 à 100 m) e altas qualidades potenciais de reservatório para o Campo de Linguado (valores médios de Igr = 0,1; PHIE = 11%, Sw ≤ 18%), enquanto que no Campo de Pampo, os níveis CI-4 (valores médios de Igr = 0,15; PHIE = 7,5%, Sw ≤ 30%) e CI-2 (valores médios de Igr = 0,13; PHIE = 7%, Sw ≤ 26 %) apresentam potencial para reservatório. Finalmente, a análise dos mapas, construídos com a integração da informação de poço e os atributos sísmicos, mostra uma distribuição da propriedade PHIE, para o nível-reservatório CI-4, com alta influência da estruturação tectônica, indicando os mais altos valores seguindo as principais estruturas com direção NW-SE. O controle deposicional é um importante condicionante da qualidade permo-porosa, nesse principal nível-reservatório, isso porque a tectônica ativa e intermitente proporcionou a abertura de espaços de acomodação e a formação de barreiras que atuaram na seleção das fácies de alta energia, no acúmulo, no retrabalhamento e na consequente formação e preservação das melhores condições para a formação desses reservatórios. No entanto, para o nível-reservatório Coquina Superior (CS) a distribuição da propridade PHIE mostra que a tectônica-estrutural não influencia no seu sistema permo-poroso e consequente qualidade desse nível-reservatório, assim como na distribuição de suas espessuras. Tal análise nos leva a conclusão de que os fatores deposicionais como as oscilações climáticas foram os responsáveis na seleção e no retrabalhamento para a formação dos bancos de coquinas, assim como, os processos diagenéticos foram os que, possivelmente, mais influenciaram na distribuição permo-porosa dos níveis-reservatório superiores.
In the Campos Basin, the eobarremian-neoaptian carbonate reservoirs from Coqueiros Formation, Lagoa Feia Group, represented large and important discoveries of hydrocarbon fields in the 70´s. The advances in geodynamic and geotectonic concepts about new and potential accumulations on rift section of Marginal Brazilian Basins, from 2007, brought again the carbonate reservoirs rocks as attractive studies targets, mainly due to great economic importance attached to these reservoirs. The main objective was to understand the distribution of physical properties on carbonate reservoirs composed by coquinas deposits (rudstones and grainstones of bivalve molluscs), define the main petrophysical factors that characterize those reservoir levels (eg density, radioactivity content, mineralogical and rock composition, etc.) and factors that could control the quality (eg, porosity, water saturation and permeability) in order to understand the geometric distribution of its permo-porous system. This study employed geological/geophysical methods such as well logs stratigraphic interpretation, petrophysical calculations, 3D seismic interpretation and seismic attributes interpretation and correlation. Among the results, the stratigraphic analysis has identified limits, in 3 rd order cycles, to four depositional sequences (Basal Clastic Sequence, Talc-Stevensitic Sequence; Coquinas Sequence and Clastic-Evaporitic Sequence) that belong to Lagoa Feia Group. The Coquinas Sequence, focus of this work, shows a split, internally to its coquinas deposits in six reservoir levels (one in Upper Coquina and five in the Lower Coquina) where the stratigraphic limits are associated with 4 th order cycles. The petrophysical analysis indicated that the main producer level are at Lower Coquina 4 (CI-4), with the best thickness responses (35 to 100 m) and high potential reservoir qualities for Linguado Field (average values of Igr = 0,10; PHIE = 11%, Sw ≤ 18%), while in Pampo field, CI-4 level (average values of Igr = 0,15; PHIE = 7.5%, Sw ≤ 30%) and CI-2 level (average values of Igr = 0,13; PHIE = 7%, Sw ≤ 26%) have both reservoir potential. Finally, the map analysis, built with integration of well information and seismic attributes, shows a distribution of PHIE for CI-4 with high tectonicstructural influence, indicating higher values following the main structures with NW-SE direction. The depositional control is an important determinant of permo-porous system quality at CI-4 level, the main reservoir level, it is because the active and intermittent tectonic afforded the opening of depositional spaces and the formation of barriers to act on selection of high-energy facies, accumulation, reworking and consequent generation and preservation of the best conditions for reservoirs best quality. However, the Upper Coquina level reservoir distribution of PHIE shows that tectonic-structural does not influence its permo-porous system and reservoir quality, as well as the distribution of its thickness. This analysis leads us to the conclusion that the depositional factors, such as climatic variations were responsible to the selection and reworking of coquinas banks, as well as diagenetic processes were possibly most influenced the permo-porous system distribution on higher reservoir levels.
CNPq: 134409/2014-0
Enescu, Bogdan Dumitru. "Temporal and Spatial Variation Patterns of Seismicity in Relation to the Crustal Structure and Earthquake Physics, from the Analysis of several Seismic Sequences in Japan and Romania." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147829.
Повний текст джерелаBerglund, Karin. "Seismic tomography in the source region of the May 29th 2008 earthquake-aftershock-sequence in southwest Iceland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-187589.
Повний текст джерелаDen 29:e maj 2008 inträffade två jordbävningar med magnitud Mw ~6 på sydvästra Island. Den första jordbävningen följdes tätt av en andra jordbävning på en förkastning ~5 km väster om den första. Påföljande efterskalvssekvens registrerades av 14 seismiska stationer under 34 dagar efter huvudskalven. De registrerade skalven har detekterats och lokaliserats med en Coalesence Microseismic Mapping (CMM) teknik. Utdata från detta program har använts som grund för tomografin som genomförts med PStomo_eq, en algoritm som inverterar oberoende för både P- och S-vågs hastigheter och samtidigt omlokaliserar eventen. Inom det undersökta området på 46×36 km har en tredimensionell hastighetsmodell, om än inte slutgiltigt, modellerats för djup ned till 10 km. Vp/Vs kvoten varierar mellan 1.74 och 1.82 inom studieområdet. Hastigheterna ökar med ökande djup, på ett djup av 2 km är P-vågs hastigheten 4.6 km/s och S-vågs hastigheten 2.7 km/s och vid 10 km är P-vågs hastigheten 6.9 km/s och S-vågs hastigheten 4.0 km/s. I den nordvästra delen av modellen återfinns en höghastighetszon. Denna tolkas vara orsakad av en magma kropp som stigit och kristalliserat under högt tryck. De vertikala tvärsnitten visar en låghastighetsanomali i västra delen av modellen, koncentrerat ovan seismiciteten. Denna anomali sträcker sig från ett djup på 2 km ned till 4 km, från 21.5° till 21.2° V. Den tolkas vara orsakad av en hög grad av porositet. Djupet för den bräckliga jordskorpan ökar från väster till öster i modellen, för att i mitten abrupt minska igen. Basen av den bräckliga skorpan ökar från 7 km i väst till 9 km i mitten av modellen.
Hulsey, Josiah D. "Applying modern interpretation techniques to old hydrocarbon fields to find new reserves: A case study in the onshore Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2160.
Повний текст джерелаOkon, Timothy Effiong. "Seismic stratigraphic sequence analysis of a part of the Niger Delta." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47597.
Повний текст джерелаDarmadi, Yan. "Three-dimensional fluvial-deltaic sequence stratigraphy Pliocene-Recent Muda Formation, Belida Field, West Natuna Basin, Indonesia." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4748.
Повний текст джерелаSher, Mohammad. "Seismic interpretation and sequence stratigraphy of the offshore indus basin of Pakistan." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326205.
Повний текст джерелаVuper, Ailie Marie. "Case Study: Settlement at Nepal Hydropower Dam during the 2014-2015 Gorkha Earthquake Sequence." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102890.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
The Tamakoshi Dam in Nepal experienced 19 cm of settlement due to three earthquakes that took place from December 14, 2014 to May 12, 2015. This settlement caused massive damage and halted construction and was believed to have been caused by seismic compression. Seismic compression is the accrual of contractive volumetric strain in sandy soils during earthquake shaking for cases where the generated excess pore water pressures are low. The purpose of this case study is to investigate the settlements of the dam intake block relative to the right abutment block of the dam during the three earthquakes. Representative soil profiles were developed based on data collected from the site for analysis of the settlement. Two approaches were used to compute predicted settlement, one which considered only seismic compression as the cause of settlement and a hybrid method that considered both seismic compression and post-liquefaction consolidation. Both approaches predicted settlement values that were less than what was observed in the field. It was found that the ground motion prediction equations used in the analysis were not representative of the tectonic setting in Nepal and thus was the main reason for the under-prediction. The relevance of this research lies in using methodology developed in academia to analyze a real world event and draw conclusions about the methodology's applicability.
Ene, Patrycia Leipnitz. "Análise sismoestratigráfica da seção rifte da Bacia de Campos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/98635.
Повний текст джерелаThe Campos Basin is limited northward by the Vitória High and southward by the Florianópolis High, with an area of approximately 100,000 km2. The rift section in the Campos Basin comprises the basal and median portions of the Lagoa Feia Group, and includes the main source rocks in the basin, which is known to be rich in organic matter and is the best hydrocarbon producer in Brazil, as well as carbonate reservoir rocks. The present study focuses its analysis on the rift section, where a systematic mapping and interpretation of 2D seismic lines in a key area of the basin was carried out. This analysis is based on adaptations of existing evolution models for rift basins, and the concepts of sequence stratigraphy applied to seismic stratigraphy. Through the interpretation and mapping of seismic sections, it was possible to propose an evolution model for the initial phase of the Campos Basin, with the construction of a chronostratigraphic chart and the establishment of systems tracts that distinguish different stages on the evolution of the recognized half-grabens. The result was the delimitation of three tectonic systems tracts that allowed the detailed understanding of the complex evolution and trough development of the Campos Basin during the rift phase.
Nunes, Caio Oliveira. "Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of southern Jacuípe basin based on seismic sequence stratigraphy." IGEO, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/26188.
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A Bacia de Jacuípe é considerada uma bacia de nova fronteira localizada no Nordeste Brasileiro, na margem passiva leste, e estritamente offshore. Acredita-se que ela tenha um grande potencial para jazidas de hidrocarbonetos. Entretanto, há uma grande carência em estudos integrados que auxiliem no seu entendimento. O presente trabalho visa compreender a história evolutiva da bacia através da interpretação de sequências de segunda e terceira ordens em dados de sísmica de reflexão. A partir da interpretação de 40 perfis sísmicos 2D e do único poço perfurado, que encontra-se na região de plataforma, os autores puderam caracterizar importantes eventos dentro da bacia. Dentro da supersequência rifte foram reconhecidas quatro sequências deposicionais nomeadas Rift 1, Rift 2, Rift 3 e Rift 4, limitadas por três limites de sequência. Os riftes 1 e 2 têm deposições isoladas ao longo da bacia e as falhas sintéticas e antitéticas destas fases começam um processo de conexão. O Rift 3 tem a maior representatividade na bacia e seus depósitos cobrem a maior parte dela. O Rift 4 representa o fim da subsidência mecânica com menores expressões nos falhamentos e experimentou um soerguimento, o qual levou a atual plataforma continental a ficar exposta durante eventos subsequentes. A supersequência Drift foi subdividida em dois estágios drifte. Uma vez que a bacia sofreu um soerguimento ao final do seu rifteamento, o primeiro estágio do drifte tem o preenchimento sedimentar confinado ao talude e ao sopé continental. Enquanto que no segundo estágio do drifte a sedimentação ultrapassa a falha de borda e seus depósitos se sobrepõem à supersequência rifte na plataforma. Um mapa estrutural de falhas foi construído para a porção sul da Bacia de Jacuípe destacando os principais controles do falhamento, a linha de charneira da bacia, principais depocentros, o Alto Externo de Jacuípe e um alto vulcânico. O limite geográfico a sul com a Bacia de Camamu foi definido em uma zona complexa de falhas de transferência e de alívio, caracterizando assim, um limite geológico. Adaptações foram sugeridas para uma nova carta cronoestratigráfica para a porção sul da Bacia de Jacuípe.
ABSTRACT Jacuípe Basin is considered a new frontier basin in the northeastern Brazilian passive margin. It is believed it has a great potential for hydrocarbon plays and leads. However, it lacks in integrated studies for its understanding. The present paper aims to comprehend the evolutionary history of such basin through seismic reflection analysis of second and third orders sequences. With the interpretation of several 2-D seismic profiles and a well drilled on the platform the authors were able to distinguish important events within the basin. Within the rift supersequence it was recognized four sequences named as Rift 1, Rift 2, Rift 3 and Rift 4, limited by three sequence boundaries. Rifts 1 and 2 have scattered depositions and the synthetic and antithetic faults start a linkage process. Rift 3 has a wide spread representation throughout the basin covering most part of it. Rift 4 makes up the termination of mechanical subsidence with minor expression in faulting and has experienced an uplift whose led the currently continental shelf to be exposed most part of subsequent events. Drift supersequence was split in two drifting stages. Inasmuch as basin has undergone an uplift, the first drift stage has sedimentation confined to slope and rise regions. Whereas in the second drift stage sedimentation surpasses the border fault and its successions overlie directly rift supersequence in platform. A structural faulting map was built for southern Jacuípe Basin depicting main faulting controls and trends, basin hinge line, main depocenters, the Jacuípe External High and a volcanic plug. The geographic southern boundary with Camamu Basin was set up at a complex zone of transfer and release faults, making up a geologic limit. Adaptations were suggested for a new chronostratigraphic chart for southern Jacuípe Basin.
Ayodele, Oluwatoyin. "An integrated study of the early cretaceous (Valanginian) reservoir from the Gamtoos Basin, offshore South Africa with special reference to seismic cacies, formation evaluation and static reservoir modeling." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6984.
Повний текст джерелаIntegrated approaches in the study of petroleum exploration are increasingly becoming significant in recent times and have yielded much better result as oil exploration is a combination of different related topics. The production capacity in hydrocarbon exploration has been the major concern for oil and gas industries. In the present work an integrated approach was made with seismic, well logs and biostratigraphy for predicting the depositional environment and to understand the heterogeneity within the reservoirs belonging to Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) age of Gamtoos Basin, Offshore South Africa. Objectively, the integrated work was mainly based on seismic stratigraphy (seismic sequence and seismic facie analysis) for interpretation of the depositional environments with combination of microfossil biostratigraphic inputs. The biostratigraphic study provides evidences of paleo depth from benthic foraminifera and information about bottom condition within the sedimentary basin, changing of depositional depth during gradual basinal fill during the Valanginian time. The petrophysical characterization of the reservoir succession was based on formation evaluation studies using well logs to investigate the hydrocarbon potential of the reservoir across Valanginian depositional sequence. Further, the static modeling from 2D-seismic data interpreted to a geological map to 3D-numerical modeling by stochastic model to quantify the evaluation of uncertainty for accurate characterisation of the reservoir sandstones and to provide better understanding of the spatial distribution of the discrete and continuous Petrophysical properties within the study area.
2021-08-01
Bagguley, Joanne Gail. "The application of seismic and sequence stratigraphy to the post-rift megasequence offshore Namibia." Thesis, Online version, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.388958.
Повний текст джерелаClaridge, Jonathan William Roy. "Patterns of Crustal Deformation Resulting from the 2010 Earthquake Sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7910.
Повний текст джерелаBadescu, Adrian Constantin. "Reservoir characterization of the Miocene Starfak and Tiger Shoal fields, offshore Louisiana through integration of sequence stratigraphy, 3-D seismic, and well-log data." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3108452.
Повний текст джерелаKim, Booyong. "Seismic sequence stratigraphy of Pliocene-Pleistocene turbidite systems, Ship Shoal South Addition, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico." Texas A&M University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/522.
Повний текст джерелаElenwa, Chinwendu A. "Seismic stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of a transform continental margin, offshore Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3218.
Повний текст джерелаDurogbitan, Abimbola Adewolfe. "Seismic, sequence stratigraphic and structural analysis of ewan and oloye fields (middle Miocene), Northwestern Niger Delta." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706483.
Повний текст джерелаMandler, Eugenio. "Study of the 2016 central Italy post seismic displacement through an independent component analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19267/.
Повний текст джерелаBainbridge, Sophie Elizabeth. "Stopbank Performance during the 2010 - 2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8743.
Повний текст джерелаKrawczynski, Lukasz. "Sequence stratigraphic interpretation integrated with 3-D seismic attribute analysis in an intracratonic setting : Toolachee Formation, Cooper Basin, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16087/1/Lukasz_Krawcynski_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKrawczynski, Lukasz. "Sequence Stratigraphic Interpretation integrated with 3-D Seismic Attribute Analysis in an Intracratonic Setting: Toolachee Formation, Cooper Basin, Australia." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16087/.
Повний текст джерелаAdekola, Solomon Adeniyi. "Integrated approach to solving reservoir problems and evaluations using sequence stratigraphy, geological structures and diagenesis in Orange Basin, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6861_1298537140.
Повний текст джерелаSandstone and shale samples were selected within the systems tracts for laboratory analyses. The sidewall and core samples were subjected to petrographic thin section analysis, mineralogical analyses which include x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes geochemistry to determine the diagenetic alteration at deposition and post deposition in the basin. The shale samples were subjected to Rock-Eval pyrolysis and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) prior to gas chromatographic (GC) and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses of the rock extracts, in order to determine the provenance, type and thermal maturity of organic matter present in sediments of the Orange Basin. The results revealed a complex diagenetic history of sandstones in this basin, which includes compaction, cementation/micritization, dissolution, silicification/overgrowth of quartz, and fracturing. The Eh-pH shows that the cements in the area of the basin under investigation were precipitated under weak acidic and slightly alkaline conditions. The &delta
18O isotope values range from -1.648 to 10.054 %, -1.574 to 13.134 %, and -2.644 to 16.180 % in the LST, TST, and HST, respectively. While &delta
13C isotope values range from -25.667 to -12.44 %, -27.862 to -6.954% and -27.407 to -19.935 % in the LST, TST, and HST, respectively. The plot of &delta
18O versus &delta
13C shows that the sediments were deposited in shallow marine temperate conditions.
Rahmanov, Ogtay Rasim. "Sequence stratigraphy of the late Pleistocene - Holocene deposits on the northwestern margin of the South Caspian Basin." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1185.
Повний текст джерелаSayago, Jhosnella [Verfasser], and Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Mutti. "Late Paleozoic basin analysis of the Loppa High and Finnmark Platform in the Norwegian Barents Sea : integration of seismic attributes and seismic sequence stratigraphy / Jhosnella Sayago ; Betreuer: Maria Mutti." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1218491280/34.
Повний текст джерелаKelland, Emma Jean. "Vulnerabilities to Seismic Hazards in Coastal and River Environments: Lessons post the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence 2010-2012, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8487.
Повний текст джерелаGollop, Alison. "Structural controls on the seismic sequence stratigraphy of the Ben Nevis, Avalon, and Eastern Shoals formations, Terra Nova field, Jeanne D'Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,76559.
Повний текст джерелаMCLAUGHLIN, PATRICK IAN. "LATE ORDOVICIAN SEISMITES OF KENTUCKY AND OHIO: A SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC APPROACH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1028144697.
Повний текст джерелаIasky, Vickie Clare. "Seismic sequence stratigraphy and facies characterisation of the G and H units within the Goodwyn Field Northern Carnarvon Basin Western Australia /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbi118.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBelford, Alexander. "A seismic sequence stratigraphic study of the 'Western Group Sub-basin' in permits WA-128-P and WA-211-P, Bonaparte Gulf /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbb428.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMobley, Casey. "Late Quaternary Louisiana Shelf-Margin Deltaic Deposition, North-Central Gulf of Mexico." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/237.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Min Lyvane. "Sismo-stratigraphie multi-échelles d'un bassin d'avant-arc : Le bassin de Marie-Galante, Petites Antilles." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0799/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Lesser Antilles result of the slow westward subduction of the North and South American plate under the Caribbean plate (2 cm / year). At the latitude of the Guadeloupe archipelago and ~ 150 km to the west of the deformation front, the fore-arc basin of Marie-Galante forms a perched basin tilted to the pit and limited to the East by a shoal, the Spur Karukéra. At this latitude, Marie-Galante basin dominates the accretionary prism of Barbados and faces wrinkle Tiburon sweeping the area from North to South from the late Miocene. The sedimentary fill Basin Marie-Galante shows active deformation since at least ~ 30 million years. The aim of the work is to reconstruct the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin to provide new constraints on the overall understanding of the frontal subduction zone Lesser Antilles. This work relies on multibeam bathymetry data and high-resolution seismic reflection multi-traces acquired during campaigns KaShallow program. This database, supplemented by lower resolution of previous campaigns seismic profiles, provides a pseudo-3D coverage and four scales of resolution of the entire basin. ROV sampling and targeted core provided 40 samples in the main seismic units. Petrological analysis and biostratigraphic dating allow paleoenvironmental reconstructions from the upper Paleogene up Actuel. Seismic interpretation multiscale shows a sedimentary basin reaching ~ 4,5s double (~ 4500-5625 m) on a substrate pre-structured magma. This basin consists of 5 main sedimentary units (E-1, E1, E2, E3 and E4) divided into 13 units bounded by discontinuities 14 surfaces. The sequential organization of seismic units allows to highlight sequences 10 deposits of third order (S-1 to S9). The biostratigraphic calibration of all sequences able to offer a tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Eocene basin to Present. Thus, we distinguish four normal fault systems associated with three phases of extensions that control the architectural and sedimentary evolution of the basin. 1 / A system N050 ± 10 ° E inherited assets from the upper Paleogene, which controls the overall pelvic tilt towards the SSE. He is responsible for the formation of the escarpment Désirade about 4500 m elevation. The first extension is interpreted as resulting from the fragmentation of the fore-arc in response to the increase in the radius of curvature of subduction. 2 / A system N130 ° -N150 ° E, structuring across the Spur Karukéra, which controls sediment from the Miocene and marks the first phase of transverse extension arc. 3 / A system N160 ° E ° -N180 which segments Basin Marie-Galante in a sub-basin to the west and the Spur Karukéra in the East. This second extension, generally perpendicular to the margin, is accompanied by subsidence and reversing the polarity of the basin in response to his switch to the pit, beginning during the Middle Miocene and is ongoing in the East the basin. This long-term evolution of the forearc, concurrent with the decline in volcanic arc to the west, is considered as resulting from a basal erosion of the top plate. 4 / A system N090 ± 10 ° later E is located in the center of the basin and controlling the development of neritic carbonate platforms on certain blocks heads, such as Marie-Galante. This latest extension, parallel to the arc occurs in the basin from the lower Pliocene. It is superimposed on the expansion plan perpendicular to the fore-arc and is interpreted as the accommodation of the partitioning of deformation in response to the increasing obliquity front subduction north
Marchandon, Mathilde. "Vers la compréhension des séquences sismiques sur un système de failles : de l’observation spatiale à la modélisation numérique. Application à la séquence du Nord-Est Lut, Iran." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4055/document.
Повний текст джерелаMany studies show that static and postseismic stress transfers play an important role in the occurrence of seismic sequences. However, a large majority of these studies involves seismic sequences that occurred within fault systems having simple geometric configurations (e.g. collinear or parallel fault system). In this thesis, we study a seismic sequence that occurred within a complex fault system (i.e. conjugate fault system), the NE Lut seismic sequence (1939-1997, NE Iran), in order to assess if (1) stress transfers can explain the succession of earthquakes in the sequence and (2) stress transfers can lead to the synchronization of the NE Lut faults over multiple seismic cycles. To this end, we first measure the surface displacement field produced by the sequence in order to precisely constrain the stress transfer modeling afterwards. We use optical correlation technique to measure the surface displacement fields of the Khuli-Boniabad (Mw 7.1, 1979) and Zirkuh earthquake (Mw 7.2, 1997). We find that these earthquakes broke several segments limited by geometrical complexities of the faults. We interpret the differences in failure style of these earthquakes (i.e. rupture length, mean slip and number of broken segments) as being due to different level of structural maturity of the Dasht-e-Bayaz and Abiz faults. Furthermore, we succeed to detect offsets produced by the 1979 Mw 6.6 Korizan earthquake. It is the first time that surface displacements for such a small historical earthquake have been measured using optical correlation. Then, combining previously published intermediate-field InSAR data and our near-field optical data, we estimate a new source model for the Zirkuh earthquake (Mw 7.2, 1997). We show that near-field data are crucial to better constrain the fault geometry and the slip distribution at depth. According to our source model, the Zirkuh earthquake broke three asperities separated by geometrical barriers where aftershocks are located. No shallow slip deficit is found for the overall rupture except on the central segment where it could be due to off-fault deformation in quaternary deposits. Finally, we use the information acquired in the first parts of this work to model the stress transfers within the NE Lut sequence. We find that 7 out of 11 earthquakes are triggered by the previous ones and that the precise modeling of the rupture geometry is crucial to robustly estimate the stress transfers. We also show that the Zirkuh earthquake is mainly triggered by the moderate earthquakes of the NE Lut sequence. Lastly, the simulation of multiple seismic cycles on the NE Lut fault system shows that stress transfers, in particular postseismic stress transfers due to viscoelastic relaxation, enhance the number of seismic sequences and synchronize the rupture of the faults. The simulations also show that the order in which the Mw>7 earthquakes occurred during the NE Lut sequence is quite exceptional
Pedley, Katherine Louise. "Modelling Submarine Landscape Evolution in Response to Subduction Processes, Northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4648.
Повний текст джерелаChevallier, Johanna. "Seismic sequence stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of southern hydrate ridge." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29162.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 2004
King, Emma Jean. "Seismic sequence stratigraphy of the intra-Barrow Group, Barrow Sub-basin, Northwest Shelf, Australia." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59013.
Повний текст джерелаhttp://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1313353
Thesis (M.Sc.(Petrol.G&G))-- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2008
Al-Aslani, Abdulaziz Saleh. "Seismic sequence stratigraphy of the Paleozoic of Central Arabia, Hawtah area (Saudi Arabia)." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13920.
Повний текст джерелаSchollnberger, Elle Marie. "Seismic sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Congo, Kwanza, and Benguela Basins, offshore Angola, Africa." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18028.
Повний текст джерелаPolat, Faik Ozcan. "Core-seismic correlation and sequence stratigraphy at IODP Expedition 317 drillsites, Canterbury Basin, New Zealand." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20037.
Повний текст джерелаtext
Syed, Sammiuddin Q. "Influence of weld sequence on the seismic failure of welded steel moment connections in building structures." 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03252009-104758/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Xiao-qing 1963. "The 1988 Lancang-Gengma, China, earthquake sequence : teleseismic body wave, surface wave and strong ground motion studies." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29405.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 1992