Дисертації з теми "Segmental approach"
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1
Reynolds, Jordan Michael. "Hierarchical segment boost : a segment level classification approach to object class recognition." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work we address the problem of object recognition and localization within
cluttered, natural scenes. Specifically we present a new approach to recognizing
deformable objects that uses only local information. We suggest a new method
of computing labels for arbitrary regions within an image using only local color
and texture information. The results demonstrate our success in both identifying
and localizing several classes of objects within cluttered scenes. We make
two primary contributions to the field of deformable object recognition. First
we present a new technique for labeling arbitrary regions within an image using
texture and color features. Second we introduce a hierarchical approach to
combining the classification results from segmentations of different granularity.
Since the field of deformable object recognition is still in its infancy, we hope
the work presented here will be used as a stepping stone to developing more
complex, multi-object detection systems.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
2
Hosseini-Chaleshtari, Jamshid. "Segment Congruence Analysis: An Information Theoretic Approach." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When there are several possible segmentation variables, marketers must investigate the ramifications of their potential interactions. These include their mutual association, the identification of the best (the distinguished) segmentation variable and its predictability by a set of descriptor variables, and the structure of the multivariate system(s) obtained from the segmentation and descriptor variables. This procedure has been defined as segment congruence analysis (SCA). This study utilizes the information theoretic and the log-linear/logit approaches to address a variety of research questions in segment congruence analysis. It is shown that the information theoretic approach expands the scope of SCA and offers some advantages over traditional methods. Data obtained from a survey conducted by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and Northwest utilities is used to demonstrate the information theoretic and the log-linear/logit approaches and compare these two methods. The survey was designed to obtain information on energy consumption habits, attitudes toward selected energy issues, and the conservation measures utilized by the residents in the Pacific Northwest. The analyses are performed in two distinct phases. Phase I includes assessment of mutual association among segmentation variables and four methods (based on different information theoretic functions) for identifying candidates for the distinguished variable. Phase II addresses the selection and analysis of the distinguished variable. This variable is selected either a priori or by assessment of its predictability from (segmentation or exogenous) descriptor variables. The relations between the distinguished variable and the descriptor variables are further analyzed by examining the predictability issue in greater detail and by evaluating structural models of the multivariate systems. The methodological conclusions of this study are that the information theoretic and log-linear methods have deep similarities. The analyses produced intuitively plausible results. In Phase I, energy related awareness, behavior, perceptions, attitudes, and electricity consumption were identified as candidate segmentation variables. In Phase II, using exogenous descriptor variables, electricity consumption was selected as the distinguished variable. The analysis of this variable indicated that the demographic factors, type of dwelling, and geoclimatic environment are among the most important determinants of electricity consumption.
3
Mohd, Norowi Noris. "An artificial intelligence approach to concatenative sound synthesis." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1606.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Technological advancement such as the increase in processing power, hard disk capacity and network bandwidth has opened up many exciting new techniques to synthesise sounds, one of which is Concatenative Sound Synthesis (CSS). CSS uses data-driven method to synthesise new sounds from a large corpus of small sound snippets. This technique closely resembles the art of mosaicing, where small tiles are arranged together to create a larger image. A ‘target’ sound is often specified by users so that segments in the database that match those of the target sound can be identified and then concatenated together to generate the output sound. Whilst the practicality of CSS in synthesising sounds currently looks promising, there are still areas to be explored and improved, in particular the algorithm that is used to find the matching segments in the database. One of the main issues in CSS is the basis of similarity, as there are many perceptual attributes which sound similarity can be based on, for example it can be based on timbre, loudness, rhythm, and tempo and so on. An ideal CSS system needs to be able to decipher which of these perceptual attributes are anticipated by the users and then accommodate them by synthesising sounds that are similar with respect to the particular attribute. Failure to communicate the basis of sound similarity between the user and the CSS system generally results in output that mismatches the sound which has been envisioned by the user. In order to understand how humans perceive sound similarity, several elements that affected sound similarity judgment were first investigated. Of the four elements tested (timbre, melody, loudness, tempo), it was found that the basis of similarity is dependent on humans’ musical training where musicians based similarity on the timbral information, whilst non-musicians rely on melodic information. Thus, for the rest of the study, only features that represent the timbral information were included, as musicians are the target user for the findings of this study. Another issue with the current state of CSS systems is the user control flexibility, in particular during segment matching, where features can be assigned with different weights depending on their importance to the search. Typically, the weights (in some existing CSS systems that support the weight assigning mechanism) can only be assigned manually, resulting in a process that is both labour intensive and time consuming. Additionally, another problem was identified in this study, which is the lack of mechanism to handle homosonic and equidistant segments. These conditions arise when too few features are compared causing otherwise aurally different sounds to be represented by the same sonic values, or can also be a result of rounding off the values of the features extracted. This study addresses both of these problems through an extended use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to enable order dependent features selection, allowing weights to be assigned for each audio feature according to their relative importance. Concatenation distance is used to overcome the issues with homosonic and equidistant sound segments. The inclusion of AI results in a more intelligent system that can better handle tedious tasks and minimize human error, allowing users (composers) to worry less of the mundane tasks, and focusing more on the creative aspects of music making. In addition to the above, this study also aims to enhance user control flexibility in a CSS system and improve similarity result. The key factors that affect the synthesis results of CSS were first identified and then included as parametric options which users can control in order to communicate their intended creations to the system to synthesise. Comprehensive evaluations were carried out to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solutions (timbral-based features set, AHP, and concatenation distance). The final part of the study investigates the relationship between perceived sound similarity and perceived sound interestingness. A new framework that integrates all these solutions, the query-based CSS framework, was then proposed. The proof-of-concept of this study, ConQuer, was developed based on this framework. This study has critically analysed the problems in existing CSS systems. Novel solutions have been proposed to overcome them and their effectiveness has been tested and discussed, and these are also the main contributions of this study.
4
Djongakodi, Yoto Joseph. "Phonologie segmentale et phonologie syllabique du tetela: une approche paramétrique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212497.
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5
Conyette, Michael H. F. "Determinants of online leisure travel planning decision processes : a segmented approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/984.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an abundance of information sources on the Internet that consumers use to plan and book their travel. This information reflects the fact that travel comprises a significant part of the business conducted through the web. Consumers are sometimes faced with a complex task of making purchasing decisions in the dynamic and fast-paced medium of the Internet. In spite of the importance of travel and the intricacies of the decision process, an integrated framework that identifies the various determinants of the online leisure travel planning decision process and how they interact, is largely absent in travel literature. This study aims to make a contribution by extracting from relevant literature useful elements that could comprise such a framework. It also uses several phases of qualitative research to refine the framework, and then a quantitative assessment of data collected from an online questionnaire completed by 1,198 respondents to test specific components of the framework that deal with online travel booking intention. In the final model building stage, three logistic regression models were compared. The first is a parsimonious one containing key determinants that lead to online travel booking intention. These determinants emerged from theoretical frameworks of the theory of reasoned action and innovation adoption theory. The second Model used strictly involvement, motivation, and knowledge variables that are thought to influence online booking intention. The third Model included a combination of relevant predictor variables from the other two Models. The relationship between various demographics and online travel booking intention was investigated yielding some interesting insights. Consequently, this study recommends these demographic variables be considered in segmenting travelers to find those more likely to book online. The determinants of online leisure travel booking decision processes could be used in conjunction with demographic variables to more accurately predict leisure travel website usage.
6
Aiello, Taryn. "An Exploratory Study of Customer Vulnerability: A Cross-Segment Approach." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of customer vulnerability across varying service industries. While the concept of customer vulnerability has been debated in business, marketing, sociology, and psychology scholarly literature, there has been little research conducted that specifically investigates consumers' perceptions of vulnerability during the service exchange. Specific to this research, customer vulnerability is defined as experiences in which consumers participate in a service exchange with a firm during a time of individual or shared medical, physical, emotional, or spiritual necessity, whether the vulnerability is experienced during the course of the transaction or whether consumers arrive to the firm already immersed in that state. Customer vulnerability is an important concept for research, as the exchanges between service providers and consumers during a time of vulnerability are heightened in emotion and memory. As a result, these exchanges lend themselves to be more likely to become transformative experiences, in that the provider and recipient may be left emotionally, intellectually, and spiritually changed as a result. Therefore, additional focus is needed in this area to understand transformative experiences in service as a result of exchanges between service providers and customers.
The explorative study first conducts a critical literature review across disciplines regarding scales that have been used and are considered by the researcher to be important constructs of analysis when exploring vulnerable service encounters. Next, a qualitative investigation of consumer forums is conducted in the air travel, banking, and assisted living industries, which resulted in the finding that similar behavioral attributes within industry, but different behavioral attributes between industries, were needed to cater to consumers experiencing vulnerability. The study is followed by a quantitative investigation of vulnerable service experiences through an application of the identified scales combined with the results of the qualitative investigation across the same three industries. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that two industries' results loaded onto two factors; however, each industry's factors differed due to the nature of that industry. The air travel factors were entitled task humanism and task functionality. The banking factors were entitled maintenance functionality and maintenance humanism. A third factor was revealed within the assisted living facility segment entitled hospitable humanism, along with factors of personal humanism and personal functionality. The study concludes by presenting a discussion of the findings and practical implications for service industry managers, a presentation of the study limitations, and suggestions for future research.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education; Hospitality Education Track
7
Chang, Jane W. (Jane Wen) 1970. "Near-miss modeling : a segment-based approach to speech recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46179.
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Akesbi, Izeddine. "Vocational training and labour market recruitment in Morocco : towards a segmented approach." Thesis, Institute of Education (University of London), 1991. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/18500/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the 1980's a dramatic increase in graduate and school leaver unemployment in Morocco, raised the question of the relevance of education. Education was often blamed by policy-makers and employers for graduate unemployment and for the mismatch between supply and demand observed in the labour market. In this context, the state launched a reform of vocational training aimed at developing the vocational and practical training supposedly needed by the private sector and the economy. But the reform has failed to meet its objectives. Why ? This general problem is explored through three broad research questions: 1. To what extent does vocational training policy address 1-ne problem of youth unemployment in Morocco? 2. What are the socio-economic factors which affect and determine employment/unemployment of vocationally trained graduates in Morocco? 3. To what extent does evidence from the Moroccan labour market confirm or modify a segmented approach to vocational training and labour market recruitment? The field work for this research consisted mainly of an extensive documentary search on the educational and vocational training systems and the Moroccan labour market, and two case studies using primary data on training systems and recruitment in two contrasting segments of the labour market. These were agricultural schools and employment in large-scale private sector farming and a training centre for educational planners and school advisors and civil service employment. Chapter 1 presents the problem and a literature review of the relationship between education and work. Chapter 2 proposes a segmented framework to the Moroccan Labour market. At this stage of building knowledge on the Moroccan labour market, the segmented framework suggested in this thesis appeared relevant to the employment of vocationally trained graduates. Chapter 2 also presents the rationale and working propositions for the research. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the educational and vocational training systems, and the labour market and employment in Morocco respectively. Chapter 5 presents the method and techniques used in the field work. Chapters 6 and 7 present case studies of graduates from agricultural schools and the agricultural segment of employment: and educational planners and school advisors and their related employment. Chapter 8 supplements the two case studies with a survey of recruitment agencies and newspaper announcements. Chapter 9 synthesises the findings of the research, and draws some theoretical implications. Overall the thesis suggests that job prospects are limited and that an adequate understanding of relations between education, training and the labour market requires an appreciation of the context within which those relations occur. Three aspects of that context are highlighted: (i) general economic trends affecting job creation; (ii) attitude of employers; (iii) variations between segments of employment in (i) and (ii).
9
Wiederhold, Philipp. "Segmentberichterstattung und corporate governance Grenzen des Management Approach." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/985467975/04.
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10
Caswell, Eric D. "Analysis of a Helix Antenna Using a Moment Method Approach With Curved Basis and Testing Functions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Typically wire antenna structures are modeled by approximating curved structures with straight wire segments. The straight wire approximation yields accurate results, but often requires a large number of segments to adequately approximate the antenna geometry. The large number of straight wire segments or unknowns requires a large amount of memory and time to solve for the currents on the antenna. By using curved segments which exactly describe the contour of the antenna geometry the number of unknowns can be reduced, thus allowing for bigger problems to be solved accurately. This thesis focuses on the analysis of a helix antenna. The Method of Moments is used to solve for the currents on the antenna, and both the triangle basis and pulse testing functions exactly follow the contour of the helix antenna. The thin wire approximation is used throughout the analysis. The helix is assumed to be oriented along the z-axis with an optional perfect electric conductor (PEC) ground plane in the x-y plane. For simplicity, a delta gap source model is used. Straight feed wires may also be added to the helix, and are modeled similarly to the helix by the Method of Moments with triangular basis and pulse testing functions.
The primary validation of the curved wire approach is through a comparison with MININEC and NEC of the convergence properties of the input impedance of the antenna versus the number of unknowns. The convergence tests show that significantly fewer unknowns are needed to accurately predict the input impedance of the helix, particularly for the normal mode helix. This approach is also useful in the analysis of the axial mode helix where the current changes significantly around one turn. Because of the varying current distribution, the improvement of impedance convergence with curved segments is not as significant for the axial mode helix. However, radiation pattern convergence improvement is found. Multiple feed structures for the axial mode helix are also investigated. In general, the many straight wire segments, and thus unknowns, that are needed to accurately approximate the current around one turn can be greatly reduced by the using the curved segment method.Master of Science
11
Salmanpour, Rahmdel Payam. "A parallel windowing approach to the Hough transform for line segment detection." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2013. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/12629/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the wide range of image processing and computer vision problems, line segment detection has always been among the most critical headlines. Detection of primitives such as linear features and straight edges has diverse applications in many image understanding and perception tasks. The research presented in this dissertation is a contribution to the detection of straight-line segments by identifying the location of their endpoints within a two-dimensional digital image. The proposed method is based on a unique domain-crossing approach that takes both image and parameter domain information into consideration. First, the straight-line parameters, i.e. location and orientation, have been identified using an advanced Fourier-based Hough transform. As well as producing more accurate and robust detection of straight-lines, this method has been proven to have better efficiency in terms of computational time in comparison with the standard Hough transform. Second, for each straight-line a window-of-interest is designed in the image domain and the disturbance caused by the other neighbouring segments is removed to capture the Hough transform buttery of the target segment. In this way, for each straight-line a separate buttery is constructed. The boundary of the buttery wings are further smoothed and approximated by a curve fitting approach. Finally, segments endpoints were identified using buttery boundary points and the Hough transform peak. Experimental results on synthetic and real images have shown that the proposed method enjoys a superior performance compared with the existing similar representative works.
12
Baker, Antony Richard. "Approaches to the assessment of combined segment vascular disease." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Co-existing aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal disease is difficult to manage. Arteriography does not shew the relative importance of the two components. Proximal reconstruction alone fails to relieve symptoms in 20-50% of cases. Total repair in all cases may increase mortality and morbidity and would involve uneccessary procedures in many patients. Haemodynamic information may allow pre-operative identification of the group in whom total repair is necessary. A canine model of aorto-iliac disease shewed that Doppler recordings are reliable in monitoring flew increases during a hyperaemic test. Indices were derived from the pressure and Doppler readings. These were shewn to provide more accurate characterisation of stenoses than either pressure or flew alone. These indices were then investigated in patients with peripheral vascular disease where they gave increased accuracy in the assessment of the aorto-iliac segment. The success of proximal reconstruction depends on what distal disease remains uncorrected. Many haemodynamic methods have been advocated for the assessment of the femoro-popliteal segment. In a canine model of combined segment disease segmental pressure gradient and several Doppler methods were compared. Pressure measurement was superior to the Doppler methods in characterising distal disease. Of the Doppler techniques Pulsatility Index Damping Factor was particularly disappointing. The reason for this was that arterial stenosis results in reduction of Pulsatility Index both distally and also proximally. The methods were then investigated in vascular patients. The best Doppler results were obtained with Normalised Transit Time. Damping Factor again produced disappointing results and its addition to Normalised Transit Time did not produce a statistically significant improvement in the area of clinical relevance. Segmental pressure measurement provided the most accurate assessment of the femoro-popliteal segment. None of the Doppler methods was sufficiently accurate for reliable clinical use. Pressure measurements are required for accurate haemodynamic assessment in both the aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal segments.
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Durkin, Jennifer Dowling James. "Development of a geometric modelling approach for human body segment inertial parameter estimation /." *McMaster only, 2003.
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Bailey, Justin Gray. "Facets, segments, bends and swells: an approach to designing and making in three dimensions." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An exploration into the possibilities of surfaces as three dimensional forms through abstraction and movement. Through manipulation and the transition from two dimensional and three dimensional surfaces become adaptable for use as functional objects, furniture and spaces as they come together to create designed compositions based on scale, material, fabrication process and meaning. The following writing hopes to present a working statement of methodology for design across the three-dimensional design spectrum, from small objects, to furniture prototypes, to architectural and interior scale concepts.
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Meddeb, Mimouni Houda. "Contribution à la commande simultanée des systèmes linéaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0149/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans ce mémoire, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche pour la stabilisation des polytopes de systèmes SISO LTI avec un contrôleur d’ordre fixe. En utilisant le théorème des segments étendus, nous avons montré que, pour stabiliser un polytope de systèmes LTI, il suffit de stabiliser simultanément tous ses sommets en considérant une condition supplémentaire associée à ces derniers. Nous avons présenté également dans ce mémoire des méthodes originales pour la synthèse des contrôleurs simultanés en combinant les techniques polynomiales et l’optimisation linéaire. Avec les méthodes de synthèse proposées, nous avons montré non seulement que le contrôleur stabilise simultanément les sommets du polytope de systèmes (commande simultanée), mais également tous les systèmes appartenant au polytope (commande robuste). Il s’agit donc de contrôleur simultané et robuste pour les polytopes de systèmes. Avant de pouvoir énoncer des résultats concernant la commande simultanée de l’ensemble des segments d’un polytope de systèmes, nous avons étudié la commande d’un segment de systèmes avec un contrôleur LTI. Ce segment de systèmes est défini par les deux systèmes situés à chacune de ses extrémités et par un paramètre appartenant à un intervalle donné. La question de la stabilisation de cette classe de systèmes incertains a été formulée comme celle d’un problème de commande simultanée de deux systèmes situés aux extrémités avec une contrainte d’égalité des parties paires de chacun des deux polynômes caractéristiques en boucle fermée. Des conditions d’existence d’un régulateur stabilisant un segment de systèmes ont été données en utilisant deux critères de stabilité polynomiaux : le critère d’Hermite-Fujiwara et le critère d’Hermite-Biehler. Les résultats obtenus pour la commande simultanée d’un segment de systèmes ont été étendus à la stabilisation d’un polytope de systèmes. Ce problème a été réduit à la stabilisation des sommets du polytope avec un contrôleur simultané générant des polynômes caractéristiques en boucle fermée ayant la même partie paire (ou impaire). Des conditions d’existence de ces contrôleurs simultanés robustes d’ordre fixe sont données en utilisant les deux critères de stabilité mentionnés ci-dessus. Des algorithmes de synthèse sont également développés pour calculer ces régulateursIn this manuscript, a new approach is proposed for the stabilization of polytopes of SISO LTI systems with a fixed order controller. Using the extended segment theorem, we have shown that to stabilize a polytope of LTI systems, it is sufficient to simultaneously stabilize all its vertices by considering an additional condition associated with them. In this paper, we have also presented original methods for the synthesis of simultaneous controllers by combining polynomial techniques and linear optimization. With the proposed synthesis methods, we have shown not only that the controller simultaneously stabilizes the vertices of the system polytope (simultaneous control), but also all systems belonging to the polytope (robust control). It is therefore a simultaneous and robust controller for system polytopes. Before stating results concerning the simultaneous control of all the segments of a polytope of systems, we have studied the control of a segment of systems with an LTI controller. This segment of systems is defined by the two systems located at each of its ends and by a parameter belonging to a given interval. The question of the stabilization of this class of uncertain systems has been formulated as that of a problem of simultaneous control of two systems located at the ends with an equal constraint of the even parts of each of the two characteristic polynomials in closed loop. Conditions of existence of a stabilizing controller for a segment of systems have been given using two polynomial stability criteria : the Hermite-Fujiwara criterion and the Hermite-Biehler criterion. The results obtained for the simultaneous control of a segment of systems have been extended to the stabilization of a polytope of systems. This problem has been reduced to the stabilization of the vertices of the polytope with a simultaneous controller generating closed loop characteristic polynomials having the same even (or odd) part. The existence conditions of these robust, fixed-order and simultaneous controllers are given using the two stability criteria mentioned above. Synthesis algorithms are also developed to design these controllers
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Benecke, Birka. "Internationale Rechnungslegung und Management approach : Bilanzierung derivater Finanzinstrumente und Segmentberichterstattung /." Wiesbaden : Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag ; Gabler, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008939957&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Dhani, Sonja Urmilla. "Experimental approaches for the structural characterization of membrane-spanning segments in proteins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ53330.pdf.
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El, Aynaoui Jean-Philippe Karim. "Pauvreté et marché du travail urbain segmenté au Maroc : une nouvelle approche." Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
De nombreuses presomptions empiriques tendent a indiquer que, la dynamique de fonctionnement du marche du travail dans les economies en developpement joue un role cle dans l'explication de la pauvrete urbaine. Partant de ce constat, l'objectif de cette recherche est d'explorer les interactions entre la structure et le mode de fonctionnement du marche du travail urbain, et la pauvrete au maroc. Il s'agit d'examiner l'hypothese selon laquelle la vulnerabilite occupationnelle est un determinant essentiel de la pauvrete urbaine. Apres une revue theorique de la notion de segmentation, un modele de representation d'un marche segmente est propose. Il est fonde sur la prise en compte des differentiels de vulnerabilite connexes aux occupations, et doit permettre de connaitre le processus latent d'allocation des individus dans les segments. Ce sont donc les attributs occupationnels qui conditionnent les modalites de l'affectation sur le marche. La confrontation de cette perspective aux donnees de l'enquete nationale sur le niveau de vie des menages (90-91), revele une differentiation du marche du travail urbain marocain en quatre segments : micro-entrepreneur avec capital, independant vulnerable, salarie protege et salarie concurrentiel. Les resultats des investigations et des estimations econometriques suggerent que, l'incidence de la pauvrete est liee aux mecanismes de segmentation du marche du travail (egalement au chomage). Ainsi, deux segments regroupent 80% des pauvres. Par ailleurs, tout en revelant des disparites selon le genre, la mise a jour de la specificite des modes de participation et de formation des gains sur ce marche segmente, eclaire les processus a l'origine de la vulnerabilite. Les resultats contribuent a ameliorer la comprehension des dynamiques de transmission des chocs exogenes et des politiques macroeconomiques et structurelles, par une prise en compte de leurs impacts asymetriques sur le niveau de vie des diverses composantes du marche segmenteSegmentation is a specific feature of urban labor markets in developing countries. In this context, numerous empirical evidences are showing the key role of the labor market in explaining poverty. Along these lines, this research strives to explore the relationship between the structure and the functioning of the urban labor market, and poverty in morocco. Indeed, the main purpose is to examine the consequences of occupational vulnerability -we suppose that labor market segmentation is rooted to it- on urban poverty. Following a theoretical review focused on the segmentation concept, a framework with a segmented labor market is presented. Based on differentials in occupational vulnerability, the aim is to detect the allocation process in the segments - individual occupational characteristics are key determinants. Using cross sectional data on urban areas from the 90-91 national living standard measurement survey, the test for the segmentation hypothesis exhibits a non random latent allocation process of the individuals in four segments. Then, in-depth analysis reveals that the incidence of poverty is closely linked to the segmentation dynamic (also to unemployment), suggesting that access to protected jobs is a key determinant of welfare conditions: indeed, 80% of the poor are located in two vulnerable segments. Besides, the results enable to specify earning patterns, and how the urban market function and interact with individual occupational choices and employers decisions. The analysis sheds light on the mechanisms creating vulnerability, and confirms the prevalence of the segmentation hypothesis in urban areas of morocco. The labor market outcomes differs by gender. Due to a better understanding of the asymmetric effects of policies and exogenous shocks on the components of the segmented market, the results contribute to ameliorate the design of policies. Finally, a set of reforms to reduce poverty throughout macroeconomic policy and structural measures is proposed
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Dill, Stewart L. "Motivation segments and normative standards, an approach to managing for wilderness experience diversity in Kluane National Park." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0019/MQ37514.pdf.
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Bender, Guido. "Characterizing spatial conditions within a hydrogen and direct methanol polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the segmented electrode approach." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980321212.
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Ozdarici, Ok Asli. "A Segment-based Approach To Classify Agricultural Lands Using Multi-temporal Kompsat-2 And Envisat Asar Data." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614195/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agriculture has an important role in Turkeyhence automated approaches are crucial to maintain sustainability of agricultural activities. The objective of this research is to classify eight crop types cultivated in Karacabey Plain located in the north-west of Turkey using multi-temporal Kompsat-2 and Envisat ASAR satellite data. To fulfill this objective, first, the fused Kompsat-2 images were segmented separately to define homogenous agricultural patches. The segmentation results were evaluated using multiple goodness measures to find the optimum segments. Next, multispectral single-date Kompsat-2 images with the Envisat ASAR data were classified by MLC and SVMs algorithms. To combine the thematic information of the multi-temporal data set, probability maps were generated for each classification result and the accuracies of the thematic maps were then evaluated using segment-based manner. The results indicated that the segment-based approach based on the SVMs method using the multispectral Kompsat-2 and Envisat ASAR data provided the best classification accuracies. The combined thematic maps of June-August and June-July-August provided the highest overall accuracy and kappa value around 92% and 0.90, respectively, which was 4% better than the highest result computed with the MLC method. The produced thematic maps were also evaluated based on field-based manner and the analysis revealed that the classification performances are directly proportional to the size of the agricultural fields.
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LAURA, CHANTAL. "Entre segments et regles, une approche perceptive pour la synthese automatique de la parole." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066807.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Un rappel de la problematique de la synthese automatique de la parole a partir du texte nous permet de resituer ce meme probleme dans le domaine des processus de la communication parlee. L'elaboration d'un systeme de synthese automatique requiert plusieurs etapes dont la plupart ont fait l'objet d'une etude. Nous decrivons les outils preliminaires que nous nous sommes constitues pour la fabrication semi-automatique d'un dictionnaire de diphones et pour l'analyse et la synthese des signaux. Notre approche perceptive nous a conduit a developper des outils plus specifiques dans une perspective d'unification des methodes segmentales et des methodes a base de regles. Apres avoir defini une parametrisation orientee vers la perception, nous construisons une mesure de l'espace perceptif (mdms) sur la base de donnees psychoacoustiques experimentales. Nous analysons ensuite la consistance de cette mesure au regard des connaissances phonetiques classiques et nous evaluons la performance de nos outils d'analyse/synthese a l'aide de mdms. Cette mesure nous permet enfin de definir un procede d'interpolation spectrale fonde sur le principe de moindre cout perceptif pour lisser les discontinuites spectrales a la frontiere de deux diphones successifs. Les resultats obtenus, nous permettent de valider la demarche perceptive que nous avons adoptee
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Hollmer, Ulrika, and Camilla Haraldsson. "En studie av IFRS 8 – Rörelsesegment i Sverige : Hur påverkades företagen?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72836.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bakgrund: IFRS 8 är sedan 1 januari 2009 obligatorisk för samtliga börsnoterade företag i Sverige. Den stadgar att företagen ska tillämpa ett ledningsperspektiv, vilket innebär att den externa segmentsrapporteringen ska spegla den interna rapporteringen. Detta skiljer sig från tidigare regler i IAS 14, där rapporteringen skulle ske efter övriga externredovisningsprinciper i IFRS. Förespråkare till IFRS 8 menar att det ger en bättre insyn i företaget vilket underlättar för investerare och analytiker att fatta beslut och göra prognoser. Kritiker menar dock att IFRS 8 försvårar jämförelser mellan företag samt leder till att företaget lämnar ut mer konkurrenskänslig information. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om det förväntade resultatet av IFRS 8 har uppnåtts. Studien ämnar även undersöka om företag påverkats av IFRS 8. Genomförande: Som primär data har en kvalitativ datainsamling använts, bestående av intervjuer med sex företag noterade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. Den primära datan från den kvantitativa datainsamlingen består av en enkät skickad till 233 företag noterade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. Sekundär data har även samlats in genom litteraturstudier. Resultat: Majoriteten av företagen har inte genomfört en förändring av sammansättningen av segment samt segmentsupplysningar. Överlag ansåg inte företagen att användarna fått en bättre inblick i företagens rapportering. De menade dock att det är viktigt att lämna ut information till företagets intressenter. IFRS 8 ledde inte heller till någon kostnadsbesparing för företagen.Background: IFRS 8 is since 1 January 2009 mandatory for all listed companies in Sweden. It states that companies must implement a management approach, which means that the external reporting of segments should reflect the internal reports. This differs from the previous rules in IAS 14, in which the information should correspond with the other external IFRS accounting principles. Proponents to IFRS 8 argue that the standard gives a better insight into the company which makes it easier for investors and analysts to make decisions and prognosis. Critics argue that IFRS 8 prevents comparisons between companies and force the company to disclose more competitively sensitive information. Aim: Purpose of this study is to examine if the expected benefits of IFRS 8 has been achieved. The study will also examine whether firms is affected by IFRS 8. Completion: The authors used a qualitative data collection consisting of interviews with six companies listed on the OMX Nordic Exchange Stockholm, and the quantitative data collection consists of a survey sent to 233 companies listed on the OMX Nordic Exchange Stockholm as primary data. Secondary data was also gathered through literature studies. Conclusions: The study has revealed that the majority of companies have not implemented a change in the composition of segments and segment information. The majority of the companies did not consider the users to have gained a better insight into the corporate reporting. They argued though that it is important to provide information to its stakeholders. IFRS 8 did not lead to any cost savings for companies.
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Postma, Almar School of Chemical Engineering & Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Approaches to the synthesis of block and graft copolymers with well defined segment lengths." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32822.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The synthesis of amine end-functionalised polymers by controlled free radical techniques has been investigated with a focus on methods that provide primary amino end-functionalised polystyrene. The aim of these investigations was to provide precursors to block and graft polyolefins and polyesters by interchain coupling reactions. The approaches investigated involved developing strategies for the synthesis of phthalimido-functional polymers which can be quantitatively deprotected to yield the desired amino-functional polymers. Initially synthesis by atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) was explored. A number of approaches based on ??-functionalisation (end-group substitution) and ??-functionalisation (functional initiator) were examined. A novel ATRP initiator, N-bromomethylphthalimide, provided the most promising results but still had limited applicability because of its low solubility in polymerisation media. The problems encountered with the ATRP approaches prompted an exploration of techniques based on reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) approach. Novel phthalimidomethyl RAFT agents (trithiocabonates, xanthates) were synthesized. The activity and scope of the new RAFT agents was investigated in polymerisations of styrene, n-butyl acrylate, Nisopropylacrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone (trithiocarbonate) and vinyl acetate (xanthate). The syntheses of ??-phthalimidomethylpolystyrene were successfully scaled up and hydrazinolysis afforded a range of ??- aminomethylpolystyrenes of low polydispersity and controlled molecular weight. The syntheses of primary amino-functional polymers using the pthalimidofunctional RAFT agents necessitated the development of a convenient method for conversion of trithiocarbonate groups to inert chain ends. Thermolysis proved a most simple and efficient method of achieving this for both polystyrene and poly(n-butyl acrylate). Thermolysis also provided a means of further characterising the mechanism of the RAFT process. A simple and efficient method for amino end-group analysis was developed that involved in-situ derivatisation with trichloroacetyl isocyanate followed by 1H NMR analysis. The method was shown to be a suitable method for determining a wide range protic end-groups (NH2, OH, COOH) in synthetic polymers. Finally, metallocene polyolefin based coupling trials largely with controlled amino-functional polystyrene were conducted as an initial investigation into the production of high value added grafted polyolefins (and polyester). The grafting trials were carried out on a small scale with a view to directing future experiments.
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Makiese, Ndoma Flavien. "Dynamique du marché du travail congolais en environnement de crise : une approche par l'informalité d'emplois segmentée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse propose une analyse de l’emploi informel en RDC sous l’hypothèse d’une segmentation. Partant d’un questionnement qui se réfère aux conditions d’émergence et de prolifération d’emplois informels amplifiés par la crise structurelle que traverse ce pays, laquelle a détruit l’emploi formel, cette thèse réfute l’unicité de l’informel à l’intérieur du marché du travail de la RDC et analyse plutôt son hétérogénéité, en s’appuyant sur les analyses de Lautier (2004), Maloney (2004), Fields (2005) et Bacchetta et al (2009).Cette évidence a justifié la combinaison des théories de l’informalité et de la segmentation, suivie d’une exploitation de deux types de données mutuellement enrichissantes : les données quantitatives de l’enquête 1-2-3 et les données qualitatives collectées sur le terrain d’une activité spécifique : le marché des matériels d’occasion d’Europe, appelés « bilokos » en RDC. Les résultats de cette double exploitation ont permis de caractériser l’informalité d’emplois segmentée, notion forgée et mise en œuvre dans le cadre d’une analyse empirique de l’emploi informel reposant sur deux niveaux : les Caractéristiques de l’Activité (C.A.), et les Profils des Entrepreneurs (P.E.) représentant les variables explicatives d’analyses faites dans cette thèse. Les méthodes mixtes qualitative et quantitative utilisées dans cette thèse valident l’existence d’une segmentation en quatre types au sein des Unités de Production Informelles en RDC, selon plusieurs critères, dont le volume du chiffre d’affaires de leurs activités, en particulierThis thesis analyses informal employment in the DRC under the assumption of a segmentation. We start with a description of the underlying conditions explaining the emergence, and then spread of informal jobs, which is mainly driven by a structural crisis and the destruction of formal employment in the DRC. The thesis then proposes to reject the uniqueness of the informal sector within the DRC labor market and analyzes its heterogeneity, based on the analyzes of Lautier (2004), Maloney (2004), Fields (2005) and Bacchetta et al. (2009).The thesis therefore highlights the relevance of combining the theories of informality and of segmentation to analyse informal employment in DRC, and applies this framework to two mutually enriching datasets: the 1-2-3 survey, which is quantitative, and qualitative data that we collected in the field and focused on a specific activity: an emerging market for second-hand equipment coming from Europe and called "bilokos" in DRC.The results from these two types of data allow to characterize what we call “the informality of segmented jobs”, a concept that we empirically apply with two levels of analysis: the Characteristics of the informal Activity (C.A.)., and the Profiles of the informal Entrepreneurs (P.E.). Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods allow us to characterize a segmentation in Informal Production Units along four types ranging from lower income to higher income
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Wiederhold, Philipp. "Segmentberichterstattung und Corporate Governance : Grenzen des Management Approach /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/543320022.pdf.
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Nanavati, Hemant. "Molecular modeling of the elastic and photoelastic properties of crosslinked polymer networks: a statistical segment approach / by Hemant Nanavati." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8227.
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Lavoie, Charles. "Planification inverse avec approche par segments anatomiques et non anatomiques en radiothérapie externe appliquée à l'ORL." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23951/23951.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La modulation d'intensité des faisceaux en radiothérapie externe (IMRT) permet de réaliser des plans de traitements plus conformes au volume cible tout en épargnant davantage les structures plus sensibles à la radiation. Cependant, la réalisation de tels plans nécessite une utilisation accrue de segments, générés par le collimateur multilames~(MLC), et d'unités moniteurs (UM) par rapport à la technique conventionnelle. Il en résulte des inconvénients comme une augmentation de la contribution du diffusé à la dose, plus d'incertitudes pour le calcul de la dose, une sensiblité plus grande aux mouvements intra-fractions et des ressources plus importantes pour planifier un plan de traitement. Dans un tel contexte, des plans ont été réalisés à l'aide du logiciel Ballista pour la région tête et cou. Ce logiciel utilise des champs prédéterminés et offre la possibilité d'optimiser l'orientation des faisceaux. Dans le but d'offrir des plans de qualités dosimétriques comparable au plan d'IMRT, l'ajout de segments prédéterminés non anatomiques a été réalisé pour les plans balistiques. Avec des corrections manuelles du MLC, il s'est avéré possible de générer des plans comparables à ceux réalisés en IMRT, et ce avec moins de segments et d'UM. Au total, 11 cas ont été réalisés selon cette approche. De plus, la robustesse des deux méthodes de planification à l'amaigrissement du patient et aux erreurs de position du collimateur multilame a été abordée. En IMRT classique, aucune optimisation de l'orientation des faisceaux est réalisée, une distribution coplanaire équidistante est employée. L'impact de l'utilisation des incidences, suggérées par Ballista, a aussi été étudié sur les plans d'IMRT.
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Kachi-Akkouche, Djemaa. "Une approche géométrique pour l'analyse d'une séquence d'images monoculaires." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP878S.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La géométrie projective est un puissant formalisme à potentiel très riche pour l'analyse et la résolution des problèmes liés à la vision par ordinateur. Le travail réalisé s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'analyse d'une séquence d'images monoculaires obtenues par déplacements d'une caméra dans une scène polyédrique. Notre approche est une technique d'auto-calibration qui ne nécessite aucune connaissance a priori concernant la caméra et l'environnement dans lequel elle se déplace. Pour la mise en correspondance des segments de droites entre deux images d'une même séquence, nous avons adopté une méthode originale basée sur le calcul des invariants projectifs. Chaque segment de droite de l'image est représenté, de façon unique, par une paire de paramètres invariants. Ces paramètres sont inchangés par les différentes transformations projectives provoquées par le mouvement de la caméra. Nous rapportons ainsi le problème de l'appariement du plan image à l'espace des paramètres invariants. Par cette approche, nous montrons une réelle utilisation des invariants projectifs dans la résolution du problème de la mise en correspondance des segments de droites. Pour l'estimation des paramètres intrinsèques de la caméra ainsi que son mouvement, nous exposons dans un cadre projectif la correspondance entre les images d'un plan, qui est une simple homographie. Nous établissons, par la suite, une relation linéaire entre l'homographie et la matrice fondamentale. Cette matrice est directement liée aux caractéristiques et au mouvement de la caméra. D’un point de vue pratique, nous examinons des méthodes numériques permettant de calculer l'homographie et la matrice fondamentale à partir des primitives mises en correspondance. De nombreux résultats pratiques, simulations et exemples réels, complètent ce travail
30
Mahé, Laurent. "Usure du polytetrafluoroethylène (PTFE) charge : approche par les débits de troisième corps solide : Application aux segments de piston de compresseur." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les lois d'usure ne permettent pas de prédire la durée de vie des contacts sans troisième corps fluide entre les segments de piston et le cylindre d'un compresseur d'air car elles ne prennent par en compte l'ensemble des paramètres qui contrôlent les débits de troisième corps solide, donc l'usure. Aussi le but de ce travail est d'élaborer le scénario de la vie du contact en terme de débits de troisième corps et d'évaluer la contribution à l'activation de ces débits de chacun des éléments du triplet tribologique que sont le mécanisme (compresseur), les premiers corps en contact (segments/cylindre) et le troisième corps. Pour cela la démarche suivie a comporté les •étapes suivantes : état de l'art des connaissances sur la segmentation du point de vue des compressoristes, utilisation des "outils tribologiques conceptuels" à l'étude du contact, étude individuel des éléments du triplet, reconstitution du circuit tribologique et du scénario de la vie du contact dans le compresseur en prenant en compte les interactions des éléments du triplet. Cette reconstitution se fonde sur l'instrumentation dynamique du compresseur, des essais sur simulateurs dont des essais de visualisation in-vivo des débits, et des modélisations mécaniques et thermiques. Elle a permis d'établir une équation phénoménologique des débits de troisième corps dans les contacts segments/cylindre et d'identifier les paramètres mécaniques, matériaux et physicochimique qui les contrôlentNowadays, the existing wear laws can not predict the contact lifetime when the third body is not a fluid. That the case of contacts between piston rings and cylinder in some air compressors. The main cause comes from the non consideration of the set of parameters which control the flows, therefore wear. The objective of this work is to build the scenario of contact life in term of third body flows and to estimate the contribution of each tribological triplet element on the flows activation. In our case, the tribological triplet is the following: the mechanism (compressor), the first body in contact (rings/cylinder) and the third body. Our approach is composed of the following steps: the state of the art of knowledge on the piston rings from the compressorists point of view, the using of the " conceptual tribological tools " to the studied contacts, the individual study of the triplet elements, the reconstitution of the tribological circuit and the scenario of the contact life in the compressor and then the taking into account the interactions of the triplet elements. This reconstitution is based on dynamic instrumentation of compressor, tests on simulators with in-vivo visualization flows tests, and thermal and mechanical modelings. It leads to the establishment of a phenomenological equation of the third body flows in the contacts rings/cylinder, and the identification of mechanical, materials and physico-chemical parameters which control the t1ows
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Schille, Eric. "Propriétés segmentales des longues chaînes polymères dans les réseaux temporaires ou les réticulats générés par le soufre : approche RMN." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La réponse viscoélastique des longues chaînes polymères est conditionnée par la présence de réseaux temporaires ou permanents induits par des contraintes topologiques (interactions d'enchevêtrements ou points de réticulation). L'existence de ces réseaux se révèle dans le caractère pseudo-solide présenté par la réponse RMN transversale spécifique des protons liés à ces chaînes. Les approches RMN quantitatives développées dans ce mémoire proposent ainsi d'accéder aux propriétés du segment statistique, d'échelle nanométrique, déterminé par deux contraintes topologiques consécutives le long d'une chaîne. Le polybutadiène et le polyisoprene sont étudiés. Une première partie est consacrée à l'étude de ces chaînes enchevêtrées à l'état fondu ou en solution concentrée. Nous montrons alors que la RMN se prête particulièrement bien à la détection des segments terminaux générant le mouvement de reptation. Ces derniers apparaissent en interaction dynamique avec des segments de chaînes internes dont le temps caractéristique des fluctuations est caractérisé. Il présente une dépendance avec la masse M des chaînes, suggérant l'existence d'un coefficient de frottement segmental variable en M>0. 4. Cette observation se démarque de l'invariance théoriquement présumée de ce coefficient. Dans une deuxième partie, ces chaînes, réticulées aléatoirement par le soufre, sont étudiées. Les propriétés de ces réseaux permanents sont comparées à celles de gels modèles calibrés. Un comportement RMN uniforme est alors mis en évidence ainsi que des grandeurs RMN directement liées aux taux de réticulation à travers les fluctuations conformationnelles des segments formant l'architecture des gelsViscoelastic properties of long polymeric chains originate essentially from the existence of temporary or permanant networks induced by topological constraints (entaglements or crosslinks). These networks confer a solid-like behavior to the transverse magnetic relaxation of the protons related to the chains. Quantitative NMR approaches developed in this work enable to access to the properties of the statistical segment defined by two consecutive topological constraints. Polybutadiene and polyisoprene are studied. A first part is devoted to study these chains in the melt or in concentrated solutions. We show that NMR is particulary well adapted to the detection of end chain segments generating the reptational movement. The latter appear in dynamic interaction with inner submolecules whose segmental correlation time (arround 1 MS) is also characterized. It presents a molecular weight dependence suggesting a chain dynamic governed by a semi-local friction effect varying as M>0. 4 instead of M>0. In a second part randomly crosslinked chains by sulphur are studied. The properties of these permanent networks are compared with lose of calibrated gels. A uniform NMR behavior is then highlighted as well as NMR parameters directly related to the density of crosslinks through the configurational fluctuations of segments forming the network statistical structures
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Gruneau, Joar. "Investigation of deep learning approaches for overhead imagery analysis." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analysis of overhead imagery has a great potential to produce real-time data cost-effectively. This can be an important foundation for decision-making for businesses and politics. Every day a massive amount of new satellite imagery is produced. To fully take advantage of these data volumes a computationally efficient pipeline is required for the analysis. This thesis proposes a pipeline which outperforms the Segment Before you Detect network [6] and different types of fast region based convolutional neural networks [61] with a large margin in a fraction of the time. The model obtains a prediction error for counting cars of 1.67% on the Potsdam dataset and increases the vehiclewise F1 score on the VEDAI dataset from 0.305 reported by [61] to 0.542. This thesis also shows that it is possible to outperform the Segment Before you Detect network in less than 1% of the time on car counting and vehicle detection while also using less than half of the resolution. This makes the proposed model a viable solution for large-scale satellite imagery analysis.Analys av flyg- och satellitbilder har stor potential att kostnadseffektivt producera data i realtid för beslutsfattande för företag och politik. Varje dag produceras massiva mängder nya satellitbilder. För att fullt kunna utnyttja dessa datamängder krävs ett beräkningseffektivt nätverk för analysen. Denna avhandling föreslår ett nätverk som överträffar Segment Before you Detect-nätverket [6] och olika typer av snabbt regionsbaserade faltningsnätverk [61] med en stor marginal på en bråkdel av tiden. Den föreslagna modellen erhåller ett prediktionsfel för att räkna bilar på 1,67% på Potsdam-datasetet och ökar F1- poängen for fordons detektion på VEDAI-datasetet från 0.305 rapporterat av [61] till 0.542. Denna avhandling visar också att det är möjligt att överträffa Segment Before you Detect-nätverket på mindre än 1% av tiden på bilräkning och fordonsdetektering samtidigt som den föreslagna modellen använder mindre än hälften av upplösningen. Detta gör den föreslagna modellen till en attraktiv lösning för storskalig satellitbildanalys.
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Schwinn, Tobias [Verfasser], and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Menges. "A systematic approach for developing agent-based architectural design models of segmented shells : towards autonomously learned goal-oriented agent behaviors / Tobias Schwinn ; Betreuer: Achim Menges." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239116098/34.
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Küster, Stephan [Verfasser], Max [Akademischer Betreuer] Göttsche, and Reinald [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch. "The effectiveness of segment disclosures under the management approach: empirical evidence from Europe : summary of the cumulative dissertation / Stephan Küster ; Max Göttsche, Reinald Koch." Eichstätt-Ingolstadt : Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229991360/34.
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Maschke, Bernard. "Contribution à une approche par bond-graph de l'étude et la conception de lois de commande de robots contenant des segments flexibles." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce mémoire propose l'utilisation systématique du langage bond-graph pour la conception de lois de commande non-lineaires pour des robots considères comme des systèmes mécaniques polyarticules flexibles. La première partie rappelle les procédures de modélisation en bond-graph des robots manipulateurs de bos et tiernego, et leur extension aux robots a segments flexibles, proposée par yazman, basée sur la méthode de synthèse modale. Les notations en bond-graph généralise sont présentées et on montre que les équations dynamiques associées se déduisent d'une structure symplectique, de la même façon que les équations d'hamilton-jacobi ou de lagrange. La seconde partie traite de l'analyse graphique de modèles de robots pour la commande: existence et ordre de lois de decouplage-linearisation. Pour cela, on propose une procédure d'analyse graphique du modèle bond-graph, qui permet de déduire les indices relatifs et le rang de la matrice de découplage génériques du système. La troisième partie traite de l'application, aux robots flexibles, de schémas de commande échantillonnée non-lineaire: lois bloquées corrigées ou multi-echantillonnees, proposées par Monaco et normand6cyrot, ou avec bloqueurs d'ordre supérieur a un développe par barbot, et présente deux schémas qui tiennent compte de l'énergie. On montre que ces lois permettent non seulement de conserver la stabilité mais engendrent un amortissement supplémentaire des modes vibratoires en boucle fermée
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Kassar, Nicole [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Glöckler, and Martin [Gutachter] Glöckler. "A new approach of three-dimensional guidance in paediatric cath lab: segmented and tessellated heart models for cardiovascular interventions in CHD / Nicole Kassar ; Gutachter: Martin Glöckler ; Betreuer: Martin Glöckler." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204637717/34.
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Sueur, Christophe. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'analyse des systèmes dynamiques par une approche bond-graph : application aux systèmes polyarticulés plans à segments flexibles." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce mémoire propose l'utilisation systématique du langage bond-graph pour l'analyse des systèmes dynamiques linéaires et la modélisation des robots plans considérés comme des systèmes polyarticulés flexibles. Après un rappel succinct de quelques méthodes de représentation des systèmes dynamiques, la notion de propriété structurelle est rappelée à l'aide de l'étude des matrices de structure associées aux systèmes linéaires multivariables. Cette notion est élargie aux systèmes modélisés par bond-graph. Une méthode graphique simple, consistant uniquement de manipulations causales exhibe les propriétés de commandabilité et d'observabilité structurelles et aboutit à la décomposition canonique de Kalman. Une interprétation graphique de la méthode des perturbations singulières appliquée aux modèles linéaires à deux échelles de temps, modelisés par bond-graph, est proposée. Après un choix des vecteurs états découplés, l'explicite du modèle est étudiée à l'aide de simples manipulations causales. Lorsque le système est exprimé de manière explicite, deux modèles bond-graph découplés sont déduits à l'aide d'une transformation réciproque, appliquée au modèle bond-graph initial. Dans le cas contraire, un changement de variables est proposé. Le dernier point abordé concerne la modélisation des robots plans considérés comme des systèmes polyarticulés flexibles. En particulier, une interprétation simple de l'application des perturbations singulières sur les modèles de segments flexibles obtenus par les méthodes d'analyse modale et éléments finis est donnée. Une méthode de calcul et de représentation sur le modèle bond-graph de l'effet statique des modes négligés lors de la réduction de modèle est proposée pour les différents champs de déplacements supposés choisis
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Kromer, Valérie. "Analyse des forces musculaires au cours de la marche : approche en corps rigide et simulation en mécanismes plans flexibles par éléments finis." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL040N.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail s'inscrit dans le projet européen calies, dont l'objectif est de rétablir la locomotion de patients paraplégiques par stimulation électrique directe de leurs muscles. La première partie porte sur l'analyse et l'évaluation des forces musculaires agissant au cours de la marche normale. Le modèle musculaire retenu est celui de Hill. Les moments aux articulations sont obtenus par une étude dynamique inverse, à partir d'une description cinématique du mouvement. Le problème de synergie musculaire est résolu selon deux méthodes d'optimisation statique, la première consistant à minimiser l'activité musculaire globale, la seconde la fonctionnelle énergie totale. Dans un deuxième temps, la simulation de la marche en corps rigide, pendant la phase oscillante, est réalisée. Elle met en évidence l'instabilité naturelle du genou portant et illustre la nécessité du contrôle de l'extension du genou (contrôle des vastes pour le verrouillage de l'articulation et des ischiojambiers pour l'amortissement du mouvement). Dans une troisième partie, la méthode des éléments finis est appliquée à l'étude du mécanisme flexible constitué des segments squelettiques des extrémités inferieures. Le rôle des masses musculaires est, non seulement de produire le mouvement, mais également de contrôler la déformation élastique du squelette. L'appareil musculosquelettique est optimal en termes de conception mécanique, car il garantit simultanément la sécurité du système et une dépense énergétique minimale
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Silva, Margarete Virgínia Gonçalves. "A utilização de jogos didáticos em novos segmentos da educação: a prática pedagógica do professor no ensino das ciências no atendimento pedagógico domiciliar." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta pesquisa resulta do estudo realizado com professores do Atendimento Pedagógico Domiciliar na cidade de Curitiba - PR e suas concepções quanto a utilização de jogos didáticos no ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos científicos das disciplinas de Ciências e Biologia, Física, Matemática e Química. Apresenta os conceitos de Educação Inclusiva e Especial ressaltando o conceito de Atendimento Pedagógico Hospitalar e Domiciliar. Ainda destaca a estratégia da utilização dos jogos didáticos como fator de contribuição para o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas e da autoestima seriamente comprometida em função da doença do aluno atendido por esse programa da Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Paraná. Os jogos foram selecionados na internet sendo que já haviam sido testados e com resultados já registrados. A produção foi artesanal. Para o levantamento de dados foram utilizadas perguntas semiestruturadas por meio de questionário e posterior entrevista com os professores do APD. A metodologia utilizada para a análise de dados foi a de estudo de caso com enfoque qualitativo. Segundo os professores entrevistados, os jogos didáticos confirmaram ser excelente estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem enriquecendo as aulas e proporcionando aos alunos a oportunidade de aquisição do conhecimento de forma leve e divertida.This research is the result of a study conducted with teachers Pedagogical Household Care in Curitiba - PR and conceptions about the use of educational games in teaching and learning of scientific disciplines of science and biology, physics, mathematics and chemistry concepts. Introduces the concepts of Inclusive Education and Special highlighting the concept of Hospital and Home Teaching Service. Also highlights the strategy of using educational games as a contributing factor for the development of cognitive skills and self-esteem seriously compromised because of the student served by this program the Department of Education of the State of Paraná disease. The games were selected on the internet of which had already been tested and results have already registered. The production was handmade. Semi- structured questions were used by a questionnaire and subsequent interviews with the teachers of the DPA for data collection. The methodology used for the data analysis was a case study with qualitative approach. . According to the interviewed teachers, educational games confirmed to be excellent strategy for teaching and learning enriching classes and giving students the opportunity to acquire the knowledge of light and fun way.
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Serrano, Sponton Lucas Ezequiel [Verfasser]. "Effectiveness of ipsi- and contralateral approaches to the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery : a comparative morphometrical characterization in anatomic specimens and 3D- virtual surgical simulations=Effektivität von ipsi- und kontralateralen Zugängen zum ophthalmischen Abschnitt der Arteria carotis interna : eine komparative morphometrische Charakterisierung in anatomischen Präparaten und 3D-virtuelle chirurgische Simulationen / Lucas Ezequiel Serrano Sponton." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203321015/34.
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Jacobs, April Lynn. "Segmental production in bilingual speech a psycholinguistic approach /." 2007. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1828/index.html.
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Lin, Hsin-Lian, and 林昕璉. "Characterization of ribosomal protein modifications in HeLa cells through a segmental average mass spectrum (saMS)-based approach." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23ru58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立陽明大學
生化暨分子生物研究所
105
Ribosome is a cytoplasmic complex made by ribonucleic acids and proteins that form a factory for protein synthesis in living cells. Besides protein synthesis, ribosomal protein are reported to be involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, DNA repair and cell apoptosis. In view of structure-function relationship of ribosome, previous studies show that protein modifications of specific ribosomal proteins are regulated under different conditions. While there are a diverse type of protein modifications present in cells, there were no studies on the overall modification profiles of ribosomal proteins. The lack of such information is probably due to the fact that most methodologies target a specific type of protein modification, rather than universally as many types as possible. In chapter II, in order to investigate how PTMs of ribosomal proteins are involved in ribosomal function, we isolated ribosomal fraction from HeLa cells for their PTM characterization and mass spectrometric analyses helped verifies the adequate purity of these isolated ribosomes. We employed segmental average mass spectrum approach to screen possible modified peptides, and Criterion1 macro and DrawMS2 are applied to verify these candidates. Nearly three hundreds of verified modified peptides from twelve different PTM types are identified. Some of these tandem mass spectra have been annotated, which largely confirms the high confidence of our high-through screening approach. Finally, the high abundances of several types of protein modification indeed implicate their significance in regulation of ribosomal activities. We also discuss how our approach can help identify the protein modifications key to regulation of ribosomal activities.
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Palmer, Christopher Jay. "Postures for Precision: An Ecological Approach to Marksmanship and the Issue of Warfighter Load." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this dissertation was to understand the issue of load in a more operationally realistic way, while examining underlying segmental relations and postural regulation related to functional capability. The ecological approach provides a foundation for this work, as its approach seeks understanding across nested relations and at the level of the Organism-Environment system. First, a landing task was used to examine transitions from movement to upright stance, evaluating the effects of load on changes relevant to prospective control of action. Greater negative head angles, reductions in the field of regard, and reduced variability in orienting coordination (trunk-head relations) under load all suggest reductions in the postural affordances for visual perception. The heaviest load was not the worst; as the asymmetrically loaded Vest configuration had greater negative effects on postural affordances. This was further supported by the increased power and frequency content in the Center of Pressure dynamics, suggesting much more difficult postural regulation in this configuration. The second study examined the effects of load on dynamic marksmanship performance using large loads on the torso and small loads on the extremities (night vision goggles and extremity armor on the arms) while establishing two different postures determined by target placement. Load and Posture both had negative impacts on the speed-accuracy trade-off, with larger loads affecting gross postural transitions and smaller loads degrading fine-aiming performance. The more challenging posture degraded accuracy on target substantially, suggesting that reorientation of multiple segments may be necessary for assessing the consequences of load on marksmanship performance. Increases in the total coordinative variability of Head-Trunk-Gun relations with load at a high target suggests that increased inertial and interactive forces during movement "push" the system out of the optimal segmental relations. Moreover, the results from Postural-Focal coupling suggest that load "freezes" previously available degrees of freedom, making the system more deterministic and less flexible in goal-directed achievement. The two previous paradigms are joined in the third study to understand perception-action coupling during movement cessation to marksmanship transitions, a ubiquitous task in combat. Increased time to discriminate targets was found with load and was related to peak head velocities and the inability to dissipate energy at the head/eyes under load. Again, Load and Posture had significant effects on the speed-accuracy trade-off, especially at the load most similar to that seen in current missions. Segmental coordination in this effort ballasts the findings in study 2, as significant shifts from optimal Head-Trunk-Gun relations were observed with load as well as increased variability that was detrimental to task performance. This dissertation demonstrates that science can be "Operationalized" in a way that maintains scientific integrity during complex task analysis; providing additional insight into the issue of load across multiple scales of analysis related to functional capability and survivability in combat and others encumbered by load.
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Hasan, Noor Md Sadiqul. "Time dependent flexural analysis of reinforced concrete members." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103968.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the construction industry in the world. Time dependent behaviour of concrete is the major concern for the structural engineers due to its significant effect in the long term serviceability and durability. Reinforced concrete (RC) members are prone to the effect of time dependent deformations that are known as shrinkage and creep, can produce substantial deformations and deflections to the structure. The mechanics of quantifying the serviceability deflection of RC beams is complex due to flexural cracking and the associated partial interaction (PI) behaviour of slip between the reinforcement and adjacent concrete. Add the additional complexity of time dependent concrete shrinkage to this partial-interaction (PI) behaviour and the problem becomes very complex. Current design and analysis techniques to quantify serviceability deflection of reinforced concrete (RC) members are generally built on two major principles which are full interaction (FI) through the use of moment curvature approaches; and a uniform longitudinal shrinkage strain εsh [sh subscript] within the member to simplify the analysis technique. Both of the premises are gross approximations and with regard to the first premise, RC beams are subject to flexural cracking and the associated partial interaction (PI) behaviour of slip between the reinforcement and adjacent concrete. Furthermore with regard to the second premise, numerous tests have shown that εsh [sh subscript] varies along both the depth and width of the beam and which is far from uniform. Hence there are two major sources of error in the quantification of serviceability deflections of RC beams for design and which are due to the PI mechanisms that occur in practice; and that due to the time dependent material properties of creep and shrinkage. This thesis deals with the development of PI numerical mechanics models with non-linear shrinkage strain variations achieved from a moisture diffusion model developed in this study and that is required to simulate the PI behaviour of RC beams in order to considerably reduce the source of error occurred due to the application of numerical mechanics model. Hence this new mechanics model will allow: the development of better design mechanics rules for serviceability deflection; and also assist in the better quantification of non-linear shrinkage and creep by removing or considerably reducing the existing mechanics source of error. Importantly, this research provides mechanics solutions for all the facets that control the serviceability time dependent behaviour of RC beams and it is envisaged that these numerical mechanics solutions can provide researchers with the tools to develop simple design procedures as they simulate the major mechanisms influencing cracking and tension stiffening in reinforced concrete beams. Current shrinkage test methodology is having some limitations that are all surfaces are exposed to the environment and they are small scaled which leads to a uniformity of shrinkage strain and which are not present in real size RC beams. Therefore in this thesis, a new form of experimental setup for shrinkage have been proposed to better quantify the shrinkage variations along both the width and depth of RC members with varying the sizes and surface boundary conditions.Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2016.
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Healey, Brian. "Segmented regression : a robust approach /." 2004.
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Huang, Tzu-Hao, and 黃子豪. "Using Proteomic Approaches to Investigate the Pathophysiology of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03040002369220583492.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國防醫學院
醫學科學研究所
99
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common chronic nephropathy which occurs during both childhood and adulthood. About one-third of FSGS patients finally develop end-stage renal failure within a decade. Since the pathogenesis of FSGS is poorly understood, there is still no best strategy yet for physicians to treat FSGS patients. In addition, because of lack of urinary biomarkers for FSGS, diagnosis and prognosis of this disease still rely mainly on renal biopsy, which is an invasive procedure that can cause damage. The purpose of this study was to screen for proteins which play mechanistical roles in FSGS development and / or serve as biomarkers for FSGS diagnosis and prognosis. This study contains a series of experiments, which can be divided into three parts. First, a 2-DE gel-based proteomic approach was used to identify potential urinary biomarkers of FSGS at the pre-sclerotic stage in an adriamycin-induced FSGS mouse model. Second, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and immunocytochemical methods were used to check the expression of Rab23 and various hedgehog signaling pathway genes at different severity stages of FSGS. Third, the pathophysiological roles of Rab23 were explored by performing proteomics and systems biology analyses on cultured mesangial cells with knockdown or overexpression of Rab23. We successfully established FSGS mouse model by single injection of adriamycin in BALB/c mice. Using this model, we identified a novel protein Rab23 and some urinary protein biomarkers, the elevation of which appears before the development of glomerular sclerosis. Elevations of Rab23, which is one of the identified proteins, can be detected in the urine, but not in the serum, in the FSGS mice. In addition, Rab23 and hedgehog signaling pathway genes were constitutively expressed in normal conditions, and were significantly up-regulated in mesangial cells at the FSGS states. The Knockdown or overexpression of Rab23 not only affected the expression of collagen, but also impacted on expression of a variety of proteins in cultured mesangial cells. Bioinformatics analysis of the identified proteins further revealed the pathophysiological roles of Rab23, including G-protein signal transduction, transcription modulation, RNA stabilization, protein synthesis and degradation, cytoskeleton reorganization, anti-oxidation and detoxification, circadian rhythm regulation and phagocytosis. Taken together, these data indicate that Rab23 could serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker for FSGS development. The proteomics and bioinformatics analyses revealed that Rab23 can impact on multiple biological networks in mesangial cells, and this bionetwork data can give an insight into pathophysiological roles of Rab23 in mesangial cells, and can shed light on the mechanism underlying FSGS.
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Deshmukh, Rohan. "Failure recovery in MPLS multicast networks using a segmented backup approach." Thesis, 2004. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/8157/1/MQ94694.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis, we consider multiple failures for MPLS multicast networks. Upon a failure in the primary path, its segmented backup gets activated to transfer the data, making a network real time. Here we propose a new method of providing backup paths in multicast routing tree. The method is based on segmentation cluster formation, in which backup paths are provided by connecting segmentation points (SPs) of the same cluster rather than providing a backup between the receiver label edged routers as suggested by other researchers. The segmented backup path and hence cluster formation aims at minimizing the number of receivers of the multicast routing tree to be dropped from the communication if a failure occurs. Our results show that failure recovery in multicast MPLS network using segmented backup approach is more effective than recent proposals. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Berka, Reginald Bruce. "Development of a large space robot: A multi-segment approach." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A multi-segment robot is developed as a concept for use in space based construction operations. The multi-segment robot is envisioned as a member of a class of large space robots, or space cranes, used in the assembly of advanced spacecraft. The problems that arise when the requisite robot size becomes large are explored. The unique capabilities of the multi-segment robot are discussed.
The multi-segment robot involves a collection of common bodies, or segments, that are pinned together to form a snake-like, or train, configuration. A degree of freedom representing rotation is retained at each pinned connection. Reaction flywheels are suspended within each segment and provide the control necessary to position each body segment.
Algorithms are developed to position this serpentine robot to a prescribed location and orientation. The first algorithm is used to compute a general shape, based on a constrained polynomial function, that locates the robot tip at the proper position. Next, an algorithm is developed that is used to position the discrete bodies along the shape function and determines their relative positions. This information is used as the target values in a control system that uses the reaction flywheels to position each body into the desired relative position.
An n-body simulation program is developed based on Newton-Euler equations of motion for the robot. The simulation is used to develop the robot control strategy, to verify its performance, and to size prototype hardware. Two cases are analyzed to investigate the dexterity of the proposed configuration.
Robot design issues are explored as they relate to the multi-segment robot. A prototype system is designed, fabricated, and tested. Motion tests are included that compare experimental results with pertinent analytical predictions.
Collectively, the present study demonstrates the viability of the proposed concept for addressing the unique problems associated with large robotic operations in space.
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Hua, Spot Y. S., and 花毓瑄. "Query by Segments: An Approach for Song Retrieval in Music Databases." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50509142346273394994.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
87
In this paper, we present the techniques for retrieving songs by segment. The melody contour is categorized into four types. A segment consists of melody contour of one type and the associated beat (note duration) and pitch (note difference) information. The definitions of similarity for the note duration and the note difference capture the similarity among songs. Moreover, the two-dimensional augmented suffix tree is proposed to speed up the search processing. The minimal and maximal values of data recorded in internal node aid the searching process. Moreover, the threshold propagation function is developed for approximate searching.
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Uyen, Nguyen Khoa Tu, and 阮科秀淵. "Using a Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Market Segments Evaluation and Selection." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42709878194146719364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士南台科技大學
企業管理系
98
Market segments evaluation and selection are critical marketing activities of all companies. This study proposes an effective fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for the evaluation and selection of market segments. Market segmentation and market segments evaluation approaches for both consumer markets and business to business markets are first introduced in the literature review. A set of essential criteria for evaluating market segments, including both qualitative and quantitative criteria are selected. The quantitative criteria are further divided into benefit and cost ones. In addition, different importance weights among criteria are considered in the model. The centroid ranking method from Wang et al. (2006) is applied to rank all the final fuzzy evaluation values from the provided model. A numerical example is used to test the model. The proposed model can help companies to evaluate their market segments and select their target market. Finally, some comments are suggested for further research.