Готові списки джерел за темами / Seepage scald

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Seepage scald"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Seepage scald"

1

Bullock, Paul R. "Seepage scald in southeastern Australia." Applied Geography 11, no. 1 (January 1991): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(91)90005-t.

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2

Conti, Stefano, Claudio Argentino, Chiara Fioroni, Aura Cecilia Salocchi, and Daniela Fontana. "Miocene Seep-Carbonates of the Northern Apennines (Emilia to Umbria, Italy): An Overview." Geosciences 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020053.

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The natural emission of methane-rich fluids from the seafloor, known as cold seepage, is a widespread process at modern continental margins. The studies on present-day cold seepages provide high-resolution datasets regarding the fluid plumbing system, biogeochemical processes in the sediment, seafloor seepage distribution and ecosystems. However, the long-term (hundreds of thousands to millions of years) evolution of cold seepage remains elusive. The identification and study of outcrop analogous now exposed on land represent a valuable method for better understanding the effects of geological processes and climate forcing on the development of cold seepage systems. Here, we provide an overview on Miocene seep-carbonate deposits of the northern Apennines (from Emilia to the Umbria-Marchean sector, Italy), based on decades of field research integrated with detailed sedimentological and geochemical investigations. We report a total of 13 seep-carbonate outcrops, which formed in three different structural settings of the paleo-accretionary wedge corresponding to wedge-top basins, outer slope and intrabasinal highs at the deformational front. We discuss the recurring lithostratigraphic occurrence of seep deposits and the main compositional features (carbonate facies, carbon and oxygen stable isotopes) in order to interpret the seepage dynamics, duration and infer the contribution of methane-rich fluids released by paleo-gas hydrates. The datasets presented in this study represent a valuable complete record of cold seepage spanning ~12 Myr, that can be used to better understand factors controlling the regional-scale spatial and temporal evolution of cold seepage systems at modern active continental margins.
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3

Hojat, Azadeh, Maddalena Ferrario, Diego Arosio, Marco Brunero, Vladislav Ivov Ivanov, Laura Longoni, Andrea Madaschi, Monica Papini, Greta Tresoldi, and Luigi Zanzi. "Laboratory Studies Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Fiber Optic Techniques to Detect Seepage Zones in River Embankments." Geosciences 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020069.

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We present the results of laboratory experiments on a down-scaled river levee constructed with clayey material collected from a river embankment where a permanent resistivity instrument has operated since 2015. To create potential seepages through the levee, two zones (5 × 4 cm and 10 × 2 cm) were filled with sand during the levee construction. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) technology were used to study time-lapse variations due to seepage. The ERT profile was spread on the levee crest and the Wenner array with unit electrode spacing a = 3 cm was used. Six organic modified ceramics (ORMOCER) coated 250 μm-diameter fibers were deployed in different parts of the levee. Time-lapse measurements were performed for both techniques from the beginning of each experiment when water was added to the river side until the water was continuously exiting from the seepage zones. The results showed that ERT images could detect seepages from the early stages. Although with a short delay compared to ERT, fiber optic sensors also showed their ability to detect water infiltrations by measuring temperature changes. Both technologies being successful, a discussion about respective peculiarities and pros and cons is proposed to suggest some criteria in choosing the proper technique according to the specific needs.
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4

Wu, Yue, Yan-Zhi Li, Wei-Guo Qiao, Zhen-Wang Fan, Shuai Zhang, Kui Chen, and Lei Zhang. "Water Seepage in Rocks at Micro-Scale." Water 14, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182827.

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To complete groundwater diversion, the complex flow law of groundwater in rocks must be investigated so that groundwater diversion can be improved. This research uses the computer finite element method (FEM), CT scanning calculation method, Avizo method, and digital core technology combined with the Fluent calculation method (FCM) to reconstruct rocks with microscopic pore structures on a computer. The numerical simulation results under different conditions show that: the total pressure change gradually decreases under different pressure gradients. In a seepage channel, the seepage path does not change with the change in seepage pressure, and the seepage velocity is the largest in the center of the pore. The longer the seepage path is, the greater the decrease in seepage velocity. Different seepage directions have similar seepage laws. The research results provide effective guidance for the project to control groundwater.
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5

Petrula, Lubomír, and Jaromír Říha. "A new small-scale experimental device for testing backward erosion piping." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 70, no. 3 (August 23, 2022): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2022-0023.

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Abstract Backward erosion piping is driven by seepage forces acting on the soil grains at the downstream end of the seepage path. A new device for the laboratory testing of backward erosion progression was developed and tested. The device consists of a plexiglass prism at which the seepage path has been predefined. The prism was equipped with an inflow consisting of gravel separated from tested sand by a strainer. The hydraulic gradient along the seepage pipe was observed by a set of piezometers and pressure cells, and the seepage discharge was measured volumetrically. The transported sediment was trapped in a vertical cone located downstream from the device. The progression of the seepage path, the piezometric heads and the trapped material was observed by two synchronous cameras. 15 trial tests have been carried out to date, and from these, the interim results are presented.
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6

Ghafoori, Yaser, Matej Maček, Andrej Vidmar, Jaromír Říha, and Andrej Kryžanowski. "Analysis of Seepage in a Laboratory Scaled Model Using Passive Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor." Water 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020367.

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Seepage is the key factor in the safety of dikes and earth-fill dams. It is crucial to identify and localize the seepage excesses at the early stages before it initiates the internal erosion process in the structure. A proper seepage monitoring system should ensure a continuous and wide area seepage measurement. Here, continuous monitoring of seepage at the laboratory-scale is achieved by a passive optical fiber Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) system. An experimental model was designed which consists of initially unsaturated sand model, water supply, seepage outflow, optical fiber DTS system, and water and air temperature measurement. Initially, the sand temperature was higher than the temperature of the seepage water. An optical fiber DTS system was employed with a high-temperature resolution, short sampling intervals and short time intervals for temperature monitoring in the sand model. In the system, the small variation in the temperature due to groundwater flow was detected. The numerical analysis was conducted for both the seepage process and the heat transfer progression in the sand model. The results of the heat flow simulation were evaluated and compared with the measured temperature by the optical fiber DTS. Obvious temperature reduction was obtained due to seepage propagation in the sand. The rate of temperature reduction was observed to be dependent on the seepage flow velocity.
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7

Al-Madhlom, Qais, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Bashar Abid Hamza, Jan Laue, and Hussain Musa Hussain. "Seepage Velocity: Large Scale Mapping and the Evaluation of Two Different Aquifer Conditions (Silty Clayey and Sandy)." Hydrology 7, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030060.

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Seepage velocity is a very important criterion in infrastructure construction. The planning of numerous large infrastructure projects requires the mapping of seepage velocity at a large scale. To date, however, no reliable approach exists to determine seepage velocity at such a scale. This paper presents a tool within ArcMap/Geographic Information System (GIS) software that can be used to map the seepage velocity at a large scale. The resultant maps include both direction and magnitude mapping of the seepage velocity. To verify the GIS tool, this study considered two types of aquifer conditions in two regions in Iraq: silty clayey (Babylon province) and sandy (Dibdibba in Karbala province). The results indicate that, for Babylon province, the groundwater flows from the northwest to southeast with a seepage velocity no more than 0.19 m/d; for the Dibdibba region, the groundwater flows from the west to the east with a seepage velocity not exceeding 0.27 m/d. The effectiveness of the presented tool in depicting the seepage velocity was thus demonstrated. The accuracy of the resultant maps depends on the resolution of the four essential maps (groundwater elevation head, effective porosity, saturated thickness, and transmissivity) and locations of wells that are used to collect the data.
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8

Li, Linkai, Sheng Wang, Weijiang Jia, Jun Luo, Zhan Meng, Jingjing Gou, Hang Zhou, Deyan Zhong, Wenxin Xiu, and Xinlin Bai. "Mathematical Model of Shale Oil Seepage at Micro-Nano Pore Scale." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 8041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218041.

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Due to the unclear seepage mechanism for shale oil, it is hard to establish a reasonable mathematical model to describe the flowing law. In this study, a real shale pore structure was reconstructed with CT scanning and a numerical model of fluid flowing in the real shale pore is developed with COMSOL, based on the boundary slip at the micro-nano pore scale to study the causes of nonlinear seepage. A two-fluid model is employed to establish a simple mathematical model to describe the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure gradient using the effective slip length to account for the influence of pore structure and true slip, and the established model is verified with experimental data coming from Jiyang shale oil. The results indicated that the pore structure greatly affected the shape of the seepage curve. With the increase in displacement pressure, the percentage of fluid involved in the flow increased until it became stable, showing a changing trend from nonlinearity to linearity. The established model can fit the experimental data well and reasonably characterize the nonlinear seepage of shale oil.
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9

Chavan, Rutuja, and Bimlesh Kumar. "Downward seepage effects on dynamics of scour depth and migrating dune-like bedforms at tandem piers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 1 (January 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0640.

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The present study focuses on multi-scale statistical characterization of scour depth at tandem piers and migrating dune-like bedforms forming behind the piers in downward seepage affected alluvial channel, using an experimental approach. Experiments were conducted using two circular piers arranged in a tandem manner for no seepage, 10% seepage, and 15% seepage condition. The erosive capacity of reversal flow is hindered with downward seepage, which results in reducing velocity and Reynolds stress near the bed at upstream of piers in case of seepage runs. The bed elevation of the scoured region is decreasing with the increasing seepage percentage and the growth in scour depth is diminishing with time. The celerity of scour depth is decreasing with time as well as decreasing with increasing downward seepage. Probability density function of bedform elevation has positive tail slightly thicker than the Gaussian.
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10

Cai, Wenya, Yan Wang, Fujun He, Pengyuan Zhang, and Shuo Sun. "The Seepage-Destruction Mechanism of Water Inrush Channel of Sandstone Fault Filling Using the EDEM-Fluent Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (October 5, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3313013.

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By the EDEM-Fluent coupling calculation method, the formation mechanism of the seepage failure water inrush channel and the migration of particles in the sandstone fault filling body are studied. Under the condition of variable hydraulic gradient, the whole seepage process can be divided into three stages: slow seepage stage, sudden seepage stage, and stable seepage stage. In the stage of slow seepage, the mass of lost particles is small. In the stage of sudden seepage, particles are lost on a large scale. In the stable seepage stage, the model is basically in a stable state. During the seepage process, the particles in the outlet zone will move before the particles in the inlet zone under the action of the seepage force. The overall movement trend of particles can be predicted, while the movement trajectory of a single particle is irregular. The change trend of the contact quantity between particles is basically consistent with the change in the quality of the lost particles. Moreover, the change in the contact quantity of particles is caused by the loss of the filler particles.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Seepage scald"

1

Story, Brian T. "Canal seepage reduction using anionic polyacrylamide field and bench-scale tests /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317346011&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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2

Magoto, Elliot N. "Quantifiying The Effectiveness of a Grout Curtain Using a Laboratory-Scale Physical Model." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/18.

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In the past decade, the grouting industry has made significant technological advancements in real-time monitoring of flow rate and pressure of pumped grout, stable grout mix design, and with grout curtain concepts dealing with placement and orientation. While these practices have resulted in improved construction practices in the grouting industry, current design guidelines for grout curtains are still predominately based on qualitative measures such as engineering judgment and experience or are based on proprietary methods. This research focused on the development of quantitative guidelines to evaluate the effectiveness of a grout curtain in porous media using piezometric and hydraulic flow data. In this study, a laboratory-scale physical seepage model was developed to aid in the understanding and development methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of a grout curtain. A new performance parameter was developed based on a normalization scheme that utilized the area of the grout curtain and the area of the improved media. The normalization scheme combined with model-based Lugeon values that correspond to pore pressure and flow rate measurements at different soil unit weights and grout curtain spacings, produced a mathematical equation that can be used to quantify the effectiveness of a grout curtain. This study found a relationship that takes into account soil unit weight, grout curtain spacing and a new performance parameter that can be used to help predict the effectiveness of a grout curtain.
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3

Al-Riffai, Mahmoud. "Experimental Study of Breach Mechanics in Overtopped Noncohesive Earthen Embankments." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31505.

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A comprehensive experimental program dealing with three-dimensional overtopping and breach development as well as two-dimensional overtopping physical tests of noncohesive earth embankments has been conducted on scale models in the Hydraulic Laboratory at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Ottawa. The experimental program which consisted of three phases focused on geotechnical and hydraulic aspects of the embankment breach mechanism. The first two phases focused on two test series for the three-dimensional breach overtopping tests: drainage and compaction. The test series were designed to determine the embankment breach characteristics using test parameters which have not been adequately identified or controlled in past noncohesive physical models: initial soil-water state and optimum dry unit weight. Both parameters were controlled in laboratory tests by means of compaction effort and seepage through the embankment body, respectively. The dynamic compaction technique employed in the preliminary experimental phase was refined to represent a more realistic method. A novel method was thus designed to simulate the construction of a real-size prototype embankment, where a vibratory and static load was used to apply and control, respectively, the compaction effort. The hydraulic aspects of the embankment breach mechanism were also investigated. For the first time, scale series tests have been used to assess the Froude criterion using tilted and quasi-exact geometric scales under very low inflow within the scope of three-dimensional breach overtopping. Data measurements included a time-history of water surface levels and video footage captured from three locations: upstream, downstream and above the embankment models. The analysis for the spatial breach overtopping tests involved measurement of the breach outflow hydrograph and breach channel evolution at the upstream slope, using hydrologic routing and a developed photogrammetric technique using the video footage, respectively. An expression which estimates the breach outflow based on this apparent upstream control section was therefore derived. The relationship between the measured and estimated breach outflow was expressed in terms of breach discharge efficiency. The third phase of the experimental program was comprised of two-dimensional overtopping tests to investigate the erodibility of a steep slope in overtopped noncohesive embankment models. A novel experimental two-dimensional configuration used to measure the pore-water-pressures within the embankment model body was developed using micro and standard tensiometer-transducer-probe assemblies, designed, assembled and tested at the Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory. A transient flownet analysis was developed using ArcGIS and the time-history of the pore-water-pressure measurements. All flow parameters were computed using the free water surface and bed profiles captured using a photogrammetric technique and the developed hydrologic routing method. Using the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations, an analytical expression for the bed shear stress was derived to take into account the effects of unsteady flow, boundary seepage and steep slopes. Using the measured erosion rates and the sediment continuity principle, the bed mobility relationship expressed by the Shields and transport parameters was revisited to account for the effects of unsteady and supercritical flow on a downstream steep slope in the presence of boundary seepage. This novel transient flownet approach will lead to the development of new sediment mobility relationships for breach flows, instead of the classical sediment transport-capacity formulations which are based on steady, subcritical and normal flow conditions.
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4

Bullock, Paul. "Seepage scald : a case study in southeastern New South Wales." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8557.

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Dryland salinity in Australia is usually subdivided into two categories, scald and saline seepage, however, the use of these terms has not been consistent. The existence of a groundwater discharge condition should form the basis for distinguishing different areas of dryland salinity, but areas both with and without this condition have been labelled as ‘scalds’. It is suggested that ’seepage scald’ and ‘dry scald’ be used to distinguish scalds with a groundwater discharge condition from those scalds without while retaining the descriptive qualities of the term ‘scald’. Further, it is suggested that soils labelled as saline seepages fall into the seepage scald category. This study addresses the problem of seepage scald in southeastern New South Wales. There is very little information concerning the soil and hydrological properties of these areas and a case study of the Yarralaw seepage scald was undertaken to answer questions concerning the scald’s location, the threat of scald expansion, possible offsite effects and the scald’s origin. The results of this study have application to a number of similar sites in southeastern New South Wales.
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Книги з теми "Seepage scald"

1

Story, Brian T. Canal seepage reduction using anionic polyacrylamide: Field and bench-scale tests : final report. Laramie, Wyo: Dept. of Civil & Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, 2007.

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2

Swancar, Amy. Effects of recharge, Upper Floridan aquifer heads, and time scale on simulated ground-water exchange with Lake Starr, a seepage lake in central Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Seepage scald"

1

Liu, Yong, Man-Yu Wang, Yu-Tao Pan, and Kai Yao. "Large-Scale 3D Random Finite Element Analysis of Embankment Seepage Stability." In Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79798-0_1.

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2

Zhu, Weiyao, Jia Deng, and Qi Qian. "Study on the Multi-Scale Nonlinear Seepage Flow Theory of Shale Gas Reservoir." In Acid Gas Extraction for Disposal and Related Topics, 281–300. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118938652.ch19.

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3

Liu, Tingfa, Yanxia Nie, Liming Hu, Qiyou Zhou, and Qingbo Wen. "Development of a High-Density Electrical Resistivity Tomography (HERT) System for Monitoring Model-Scale Seepage and Solute Transport." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 536–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2221-1_58.

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4

O'Brien, G. W., L. M. Goldie Divko, P. R. Tingate, M. L. Harrison, J. Hamilton, K. Liu, M. Campi, and J. Miranda. "6. Basin-scale Migration-fluid Flow, Sealing, and Leakage-seepage Processes, Gippsland Basin, Australia." In Hydrocarbon Seepage, 93–126. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560803119.ch6.

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5

İsmail Tosun, Yıldırım. "Hazardous Waste Granule Composting by Cycled Retort Using Microwave Radiated Asphalt/Asphaltite Coal Slime Mixing." In Hazardous Waste Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101676.

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The hazardous sludge metal content of Mazıdağı metal leaching and electrowinning plants causes a great threat to ecology. The high-level metal and salt contaminants occurred in the copper leaching waste tailing ponds. The seepage liquors leak through the permeable bottom of ponds, such as acidic seepages. While urbanization needs freshwater; freshwater demand in the region increases because of global warming and drought. The estimated contamination values are avoided designing the controlling contamination level systems and meeting the disposal compost demand. In this approach, the demand for land covering and compost disposal has been designed as pellet or granule units determined independently of the specific needs of fertilizer products, agricultural remediation, and human needs. The amounts of sludge and wet hazardous toxic waste sludge’s of Mazıdağı Phosphate Plants of Eti Bakır in Mardin change the ecosystem. The hazardous sludge of plant tailings is needed planned paste disposal or controlled regional dumping, pool effluents barrier on regarding seepage control demand of the freshwater lake of town region. The planned work is disposal tests for waste sludge composting as pasting. Additionally, this method protects ecology and improves waste sludge disposal by neutralizing it at a small scale. Even the toxicity will be easily monitored. Heavy metal contamination hazard maps will be prepared and an agricultural warning system will be established for agricultural irrigation.
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Kikuchi, Kohkichi, and Yoshitada Mito. "Characteristics of seepage flow through the actual rock joints." In Scale Effects in Rock Masses 93, 305–12. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077763-42.

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7

"Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing." In Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing, edited by MICHAEL E. FIELD. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569605.ch36.

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<strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong> Natural events are critical factors in determining the character of benthic habitats. All of the characteristics that we identify in habitats are shaped by continuous, chronic processes or by intermittent, more intense processes (“events”), and to a lesser degree, by rare, extreme events. Particle size and sorting, chemical alterations, oxygen and organic carbon content, and many more properties are a time-averaged response to floods, waves, currents, seepage, and numerous other processes. Disturbances that occur on an intermediate scale (in frequency or relative intensity) are recognized by some as a major contributor to community diversity. Disturbances that occur on extreme scales generally do not have a lasting deleterious effect. The greatest potential for negative impacts to habitats occurs when there is an increase in the intensity or frequency of a process, and this includes many human-induced activities.
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8

"Large-scale physical model for simulation of artificial ground freezing with seepage flow." In Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Two Volume Set, 405–8. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10554-63.

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9

Wang, Manyu, Yong Liu, Lu Yang, Jing Wu, and Guilin Niu. "Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Analysis of Rainfall-Induced Instability of Non-Uniform Soil Slopes." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210191.

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In recent years, more considerable attentions are paying on the hazards of large-scale landslides induced by heavy rainfall. However, the heterogeneity in hydraulic properties of soils may affect the seepage pattern of water infiltrated into soil slopes. Inspired by this fact, this paper aimed to evaluate the effect of the spatial variability in hydraulic conductivity on failure mechanism of an unsaturated soil slope subjected to rainfall infiltration, being implemented in the framework of a transient coupled hydro-mechanical analysis. The concept of random field was adopted to model the spatial randomness of saturated hydraulic conductivity ks following a uniform distribution. The finite element method was then incorporated to conduct Monte Carlo simulations. The resultant findings show that the mode of shallow slope failure is more likely to occur than the deep one due mainly to the highly variable distribution of ks near slope surface. Note that the decrease in the effective stress of soils resulting from the increase of pore water pressure is the most critical reason for the occurrence of slope failure. In addition, from the random element analyses results, it indicates that the value of Qari calculated by performing a deterministic analysis based on arithmetic average value kari gives a prediction of flow rate on average, but the calculated Qmax based on maximum value kmax provides a more conservative assessment on total flow rate across soil slope, which can offer useful suggestions for practitioners to take available measures to drain in advance.
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McClain, Michael E., and Helmut Elsenbeer. "Terrestrial Inputs to Amazon Streams and Internal Biogeochemical Processing." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0015.

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Enormous meandering rivers are the most remarkable fluvial feature of the Amazon landscape, but these rivers are only the largest component of a much denser network of streams which finely dissects and drains the basin. In terms of combined length and total amount of lotic habitat, streams dominate over their more visible downstream counterparts; this dominance is especially dramatic for first- and second-order streams which alone may account for greater than 80% of total channel length in meso-scale Amazon drainag basins. The flow of Amazon streams emerges directly from the extensive forests and savannas that compose the basin. Biogeochemical cycles in streams are thus intricately associated with processes operating in adjoining riparian and upland ecosystems. Terrestrial processes regulate the input of organic and inorganic species to stream systems, and the chemistry of inflowing waters determines, to some extent, the nature of subsequent reactions and even the composition of the stream’s biological community (Fittkau 1971). Undisturbed Amazon streams are thought to experience virtually no primary production (Walker 1995), thus most inputs of energy, as well as nutrients, must ultimately derive from terrestrial sources. This connection is particularly acute in first-order streams where there is no upstream input and all water, particulates, and solutes derive from immediately adjacent to the stream. Pathways linking the two systems include groundwater runoff, surface and subsurface storm runoff, wetland seepage, direct litterfall, and litter blow-in. These pathways are active across the entire Amazon basin, but their relative importance may vary regionally (McClain and Richey 1996, Elsenbeer and Lack 1996). Riparian ecosystems continue to influence the biogeochemistry of downstream reaches, but as streams become rivers upstream and in-channel influences become increasingly dominant. Streams and the corridors through which they flow also play a crucial role in regional-scale biogeochemical cycles. Greater than 90% of all terrestrial to lotic transfers in the Amazon basin occur in streams of order 6 and less. Thus, organic and inorganic species moving from terrestrial systems to large rivers and ultimately to the ocean must first pass through streams, where rates of material cycling and processing are rapid.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Seepage scald"

1

Zen, Kouki, Kiyonobu Kasama, Yasuo Kasugai, and Simeng Dong. "Failure of Rubble Mound Beneath Caisson due to Earthquake-Induced Tsunami." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10059.

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The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake on the 11th of March, 2011 had induced a gigantic Tsunami and caused the catastrophic damage in the northeast coast area of Japan. Lots of breakwaters have been seriously damaged in this disaster, including the world deepest breakwaters, Kamaishi Harbor Mouth Breakwaters. According to a wave height recorder, a large hydraulic head difference between the seaside and harbor side of breakwaters was observed for long duration of several minutes or more. Such a hydraulic head difference as observed generates the seepage flow in the rubble mound underneath the caisson. The seepage flow is considered one of the influential factors causing the instability of caisson type composite breakwaters. In order to find out the instability mechanism of caisson type composite breakwaters against tsunami, 1) the pop-out phenomena of armored blocks on the mound, 2) the possibility of shear failure of rubble mound and 3) the reduction of bearing capacity of rubble mound due to seepage flow are investigated. Both theoretical analysis and laboratory experiment are represented in this paper. The safety factors for the pop-out failure and shear failure of rubble mound were theoretically derived. A scale of 1/100 model experiment was performed in laboratory. Loading tests were carried out to investigate the reduction of bearing capacity under the existence of seepage flow. From the results of laboratory experiment and theoretical analysis, it was confirmed that the pop-out phenomenon happens and the bearing capacity of rubble mound can considerably decrease due to the tsunami-induced seepage flow. It is concluded that the effect of seepage flow in the rubble mound should be taken into account when making a design of the caisson type composite breakwater against tsunami.
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Marques, J. C. "SEEPTOOL — A remote demo for small scale seepage problems." In 2013 2nd Experiment@ International Conference (exp.at'13). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/expat.2013.6703073.

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3

Bryson, L. Sebastian, Ryan Ortiz, and Jacquez Leandre. "Effects of a Grout Curtain on Hydraulic and Electrical Conductivity in a Laboratory-Scale Seepage Model." In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.314.

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Cemo, Anthony, Benjamin T. Adams, and Ming Xiao. "Development of an Experimental Imaging System for the Micro-Scale Study of Seepage-Induced Granular Particle Mobilization." In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.099.

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5

Wang, C., H. Jiang, J. Liu, L. Mi, and J. Li. "An Advanced Approach To Study The Seepage Characteristics Of Dynamic Remaining Oil In Porous Media At Pore Scale." In 79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2017 - SPE EUROPEC. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201701613.

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6

Wang, Chuan, Hanqiao Jiang, Jingwen Liu, Lidong Mi, and Junjian Li. "An Advanced Approach to Study the Seepage Characteristics of Dynamic Remaining Oil in Porous Media at Pore Scale." In SPE Europec featured at 79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/185825-ms.

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7

Puyang, Zhang, Zhai Hanbo, Ding Hongyan, and Le Conghuan. "Experimental Study of Muddy Soil Inside Suction Bucket Foundation by Vacuum Electro-Osmosis." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77371.

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The composite bucket foundation of offshore wind power is a new type of foundation, which has been applied in practical engineering because of its advantages of large-scale prefabrication on land, integrated installation at sea and zero residual recovery. In order to overcome the shaft friction and tip resistance of the suction bucket, great passive suction is often applied during the penetration of the suction bucket. However, the large hydraulic gradient usually leads to seepage failure of the soil on beneath the top plate of the bucket foundation. As a result, the bearing capacity of the top plate of the bucket is often ignored. In this paper, the construction and construction process of composite bucket foundation are introduced, and series of model tests were carried out to reinforce the soil inside of the bucket foundation by the method of the vacuum electro-osmosis. The results show that the combined method of negative pressure and electro-osmosis can effectively improve the undrained shear strength of the soil and reduce the water content of the soil in the bucket foundation. Finally, the reinforcement effect of soil inside bucket foundation is analyzed according to reinforcement of the prototype construction.
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Li, Zhuoran, and Guan Qin. "Pore–Scale Study of Effects of Hydrate Morphologies on Dissociation Evolutions Using Lattice–Boltzmann Method." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31067-ms.

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Abstract The natural gas hydrate, plentifully distributed in ocean floor sediments and permafrost regions, is considered a promising unconventional energy resource. The investigation of hydrate dissociation mechanisms in porous media is essential to optimize current production methods. To provide a microscopic insight in the hydrate dissociation process, we developed a Lattice Boltzmann (LB) model to investigate this multi–physicochemical process, including mass transfer, conjugate heat transfer, and gas transport. The methane hydrate dissociation is regarded as the reactive transport process coupled with heat transfer. The methane transport in porous media is modelled by the generalized LB method with the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision model. The mass transfer from hydrate to fluid phase is described by the hydrate kinetic and thermodynamic models. Finally, the conjugate heat transfer LB-model for heterogeneous media is added for solving the energy equation. In the numerical experiments, we primarily investigated the effects of different hydrate distribution morphologies such as pore–filling, grain–coating, and dispersed on the hydrate dissociation process. From simulations, we found that in general, the dissociation rate and the methane average density rapidly approached the maximum value and then decreased with fluctuation during the dissociation process. This trend is due to that the endothermic reaction heat decreased the temperature, resulting in decelerating the dissociation. The average temperature decreased to minimum value instantaneously as hydrate started to dissociate. After the minimum value, the average temperature would increase slowly, accompanied by the thermal stimulation and hydrate consumption, displaying a valley shape of the temperature curve. We also found that the whole dissociation process and permeability–saturation relations are significantly affected by the hydrate morphologies. Under the same hydrate saturation, the dispersed case dissolves the fastest, whereas the grain–coating case is the slowest. Furthermore, we proposed a general permeability–saturation relation applicable for three cases, filling the gap in the current relative permeability models. The LB model proposed in this study is capable to simulate the complex physicochemical hydrate dissociation process. Considering the impacts of thermodynamic conditions (P,T), we investigated their influences on the coupled interaction between dissociation and seepage under three different morphologies and proposed a general permeability–saturation relationship. The results can be applied as input to adjust parameters in the continuum model, and provide instructions for exploring clean energy with environmental considerations.
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9

Hasslacher, Thomas, Victor Poberezhnyi, and Stefan Niewerth. "Innovative geotextile contaminant barriers in infrastructure applications – Environmental protection without surface sealing." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1483.

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Our road and railroad infrastructure contributes to a considerable extent to the sealing of urban areas. Due to the intensive and still growing use of these traffic routes, pollutants, such as microplastics, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and others accumulate on sealed asphalt or concrete surfaces. With each rain event, these contaminants are flushed into the sewer system (present best case) or just enter the surrounding soil and the groundwater untreated (present worst case). Innovative, large-area, permeable contaminant barriers made of geotextiles overcome the concept of piping runoff water and centralized treatment in wastewater treatment plants. By treating the water directly at the source of the contamination, surface sealing and thus interference with natural flow paths are significantly reduced. The groundwater protection measurement is therefore called “passive in-situ treatment” or “passive in-situ decontamination”. Geotextiles mechanically stabilize sorbents such as activated carbon or oil binders in a sandwich fabric. HUESKERs active geocomposites place the sorbents directly where pollutants enter the environment. The use of active geocomposites lead to a highly effective ground protection in which only a barrier against pollutants is build, but not for the carrier medium –the runoff or seepage water. Thus, no further sealing is necessary. The presentation will explain different application for large-scale permeable contaminant barriers in infrastructure based on three case studies: Field trails with filter trenches along roads in Germany, Construction of a filtration basin for road runoff in Finland, Earth structures with contaminated soils – valuable construction material instead of waste.
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10

El Safti, Hisham, and Hocine Oumeraci. "Modelling Sand Foundation Behaviour Underneath Caisson Breakwaters Subject to Breaking Wave Impact." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10281.

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A one-way CFD-CSD coupled model system is presented to reproduce large scale experiments of a caisson breakwater, subject to wave attack. The Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) model is developed using the finite volume method for the fully dynamic, fully coupled Biot equations. The fully coupled poro-mechanical analysis is handled in a segregated approach in which the skeleton displacement, the pore fluid pressure and the pore fluid velocity (relative to the skeleton) are decoupled at the iteration level. The pore fluid pressure-velocity coupling is resolved using the PISO (Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators) algorithm. Two simplifications to the porous media formulations were introduced: (1) neglecting convective acceleration of pore fluid and (2) fully neglecting acceleration of the pore fluid (the u-p approximation). A frictional contact model is implemented to model soil-structure interaction. A multi-surface plasticity model with the Drucker-Prager failure criterion is introduced to model the behavior of sand foundations under cyclic load posed by wave action on the caisson breakwater. An incompressible (constant density) multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver is developed for solving flow inside and outside porous media simultaneously using the principle of volume averaged velocity. A seepage model is implemented to model flow resistance of porous media that includes viscous, transitional, inertial and transient terms. An additional term is introduced to the fluid continuity equation to account for fluid mixture (water and air) compressibility (inverse of bulk modulus). The CFD-CSD model system is developed using the OpenFOAM® framework.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Seepage scald"

1

C. R. Bryan. DRIFT-SCALE THC SEEPAGE MODEL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882860.

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C.R. Bryan. Drift-Scale THC Seepage Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840428.

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3

J.T. Birkholzer and S. Mukhopadhyay. DRIFT-SCALE COUPLED PROCESSES (DST AND TH SEEPAGE) MODELS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883411.

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4

E. Sonnenthale. Drift-Scale Coupled Processes (DST and THC Seepage) Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837042.

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5

E. Gonnenthal and N. Spyoher. Drift-Scale Coupled Processes (DST and THC Seepage) Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837097.

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6

P. Dixon. Drift-Scale Coupled Processes (DST and THC Seepage) Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837496.

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7

J. Birkholzer and S. Mukhopadhyay. Drift-Scale Coupled Processes (DST and TH Seepage) Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837686.

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8

Peterson, M. E., T. D. Powell, and C. L. Timmerman. Engineering-scale in situ vitrification of simulated Oak Ridge National Laboratory liquid waste seepage trenches. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5567233.

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9

Peterson, M. E., T. D. Powell, and C. L. Timmerman. Engineering-scale in situ vitrification of simulated Oak Ridge National Laboratory liquid waste seepage trenches. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133080.

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10

Montalvo-Bartolomei, Axel, Bryant Robbins, and Jamie López-Soto. Backward erosion progression rates from small-scale flume tests. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42135.

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Backward erosion piping (BEP) is an internal erosion mechanism by which erosion channels progress upstream, typically through cohesionless or highly erodible foundation materials of dams and levees. As one of the primary causes of embankment failures, usually during high pool events, the probability of BEP-induced failure is commonly evaluated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for existing dams and levees. In current practice, BEP failure probability is quantitatively assessed assuming steady state conditions with qualitative adjustments for temporal aspects of the process. In cases with short-term hydraulic loads, the progression rate of the erosion pipe may control the failure probability such that more quantitative treatment of the temporal development of erosion is necessary to arrive at meaningful probabilities of failure. This report builds upon the current state of the practice by investigating BEP progression rates through a series of laboratory experiments. BEP progression rates were measured for nine uniform sands in a series of 55 small-scale flume tests. Results indicate that the pipe progression rates are proportional to the seepage velocity and can be predicted using equations recently proposed in the literature.
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