Дисертації: "SEED VIGOUR"

1

Leeks, C. R. F. "Determining seed vigour in selected Brassica species." Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1274.

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Variables for the accelerated ageing (AA) test, methods for reducing fungal contamination during the AA test, using the conductivity test as a vigour test, the effect of seed size on seed vigour and the relationship between laboratory test results and field perfonnance in selected Brassica spp were investigated. In the first experiment, three seed lots of turnip rape hybrid (B. rapa x campestris), turnip (B. campestris) and forage rape (B. napus); and seven seed lots of Asian rape (B. napus), six seed lots of Asian kale (B. oleraceae var. alboglabra L.) and five seed lots of choisum (B. rapa var. pekinensis) with germinations above 90% were aged at two different temperatures (41 and 42°C ± 0.3°C) and three ageing times (24, 48 and 72 ± 15 minutes). The second experiment was divided into three sections. In the first, the same seed lots and species were aged at one temperature (41°C) and time (72 h), but either 40 ml of saturated salts; KCl (83%RH), NaCl (76%RH), NaBr (55%RH); or distilled water (96%RH) were used as the ageing solutions. In the second, one turnip rape hyprid seed lot was aged at three temperatures (41, 42 and 45°C) and two times (72 and 96h), again using the three saturated salts and distilled water as ageing solutions. In the third, three turnip rape hybrid seed lots and three Asian kale seed lots were surface sterilised (1 % sodium hypochlorite) prior to ageing at one temperature (41°C) and time (72 h). In the third experiment, the same species and seed lots used in experiment one at their original seed moisture content (SMC) were tested for conductivity after soaking in deionised water for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. They were then re-tested after the SMC had been adjusted to 8.5%. In the fourth experiment, three seed lots of forage rape and three seed lots of Asian kale were graded into three seed size categories; large (retained on a 2.0 mm screen), medium (retained on a 1.7 mm screen) and small (passed through a 1.7 mm screen). Graded seeds were then tested for standard germination, AA (41°C/48 h) and conductivity (measured at 16 and 24 h). In the final experiment, the relationships between laboratory tests for the six species (each consisting of three seed lots), field emergence from three sowings, and cold room emergence were evaluated. Both time and temperature influenced post-AA germination. Increasing the ageing period from 48 to 72 hours at 41°C, and 24 to 48 hours at 42°C resulted in decreased mean germination percentage for all species but not always clear separation of seed lots. While there were sometimes few differences between ageing at 41°C and 42°C, the former is preferred because it is already the temperature used for other species. For Asian rape, choisum and turnip, the previously recommended testing conditions of 41°C/72 h provided good seed lot separation, but for Asian kale and turnip rape hybrid, AA testing at 41°C/48 h provided better results. Seed moisture content after ageing ranged from 29-37% depending on species. Fungal growth on seeds during the ageing period appeared to reduce post-ageing germination in some seed lots . Substituting saturated salts for distilled water did not stress seed lots in the AA test, due to the lowered RH%, the exception being seed lots 1210 and 1296. For forage and Asian species, seed lot germination mostly remained above 90% when aged for 72 h at lowered RH%. Increasing the ageing duration from 72 to 96 hours resulted in some decreases in post-AA germination but no clear separation of seed lots. Surface sterilising the seeds prior to the AA test resulted in a lower incidence of contaminant fungi which was associated with a lower percentage of abnormal seedlings. The conductivity test was mostly able to identify vigour differences among forage and Asian vegetable brassica seed lots. Differences in conductivity readings were observed among seed lots in all species. Increasing the period of imbibition resulted in increased conductivity from most seed lots but radicle emergence occurred after 16-20 h of imbibition. Variation was observed in the time to reach 95% maximum of the imbibition curve for most species. Conductivity readings at 16 h would avoid possible influences of radicle emergence on results. Adjusting the SMC to 8.5% resulted in reduced variation in conductivity among replicates of seed lots, due to a reduction in imbibition damage. Seed size had a significant effect on both post-AA germination and conductivity results. In forage rape, large size seeds had higher post-AA germination cf. medium cf. small size seeds. In Asian kale, large size seeds had higher post-AA germination compared with small size seeds. For both forage rape and Asian kale, large size seeds had lower conductivity readings cf. small size seeds. The correlation analyses demonstrated significant relationships between AA testing and field emergence parameters (percentage emergence, emergence index and emergence rate). Significant relationships were also observed between conductivity testing and these field emergence parameters. Based on the correlation analysis, AA testing at 41°C/48 hand/or 42°C/48 h could be recommended to be used as an AA test for turnip and Asian rape; and 41°C/48 hand/or 41°C/72 h for Asian kale and choisum. Based on the correlation analysis, conductivity testing at 16 h can be used to predict the field emergence potential of forage and Asian vegetable seed lots. Vigour tests were consistently able to provide better indicators of field perfonnance than the standard germination test, although these relationships did vary with the different field sowings.

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2

Kandolo, Sadiki Delphin. "Effect of fungicide seed treatments on germination and vigour of maize seed." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29544.

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Fungicides have been developed to protect plants against diseases and pests, which cause serious problems such as the loss of germination and vigour. The aim of this study was to test the germination and vigour of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds treated with several fungicides Apron® Star 42 WS (difenoconazole, thiamethoxam, and metalaxyl-m), Apron® XL (mefenoxam), Celest® XL (fludioxonil, mefenoxam) and thiram in the laboratory. In the greenhouse, the efficacy of fungicide treatment was evaluated in soil inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. The control consisted of untreated seeds. Germination and vigour were evaluated according to the International Seed Testing Association (1ST A) rules. The results from the standard gennination tests showed that all the fungicide treated seeds did not differ to the untreated control. The conductivity of solute leakage was read following slow and fast imbibition. Maize seeds treated with Apron® Star 42 WS, Celest® XL, Apron® XL and thiram improved or maintain vigour, which was indicated by a reduced or equivalent solute leakage following fast imbibition when compared with the untreated control. The good performance of fungicide treated seed expressed during conductivity test after fast imbibition correlated with the tetrazolium. All the fungicide treated seeds maintained the same viability as the untreated control following fast imbibition. After 6 h after fast imbibition, Apron® Star 42 WS, Celest® XL and Apron® XL treated seeds maintained similar germination percentages when compared to the untreated control with the exception of thiram treated seeds that exhibited a decline in seed viability. There was reduction in vigour in all the fungicide treated seeds fo llowing 24 and 40 h fast imbibition as illustrated by the reduction in germination percentage below the acceptable level (70%) when compared with the untreated control. The greenhouse study showed that all the fungicide treated seeds maintained the same emergence percentage in both inoculated and uninoculated soil with the exception of thiram treated seeds, where emergence improved in inoculated soil when compared to the untreated control. Apron® Star 42 WS and Celest® XL reduced the disease caused by F. graminearum in the inoculated soil. This study also revealed that the application of Apron® Star 42 WS, Celest® XL and thiram to seeds improved both the shoot and root dry mass of plants in the inoculated soil.
Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
unrestricted

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3

Battistini, Elena <1979&gt. "Genetic variability and seed vigour in a sunflower germplasm collection." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3975/1/Battistini_Elena_tesi.pdf.

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4

Battistini, Elena <1979&gt. "Genetic variability and seed vigour in a sunflower germplasm collection." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3975/.

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5

Siddique, Abu Bakar. "Effects of seed production environment and post harvest management on seed production, viability and vigour of seeds of pea and flax." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369444.

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6

SINGH, RAJ KUMAR. "Morphological, chemical and molecular characterization and seed vigour studies in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)." Dissertation/Thesis, Not Available, 2011. http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/8496.

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Not Available
The present investigation comprised of 20 varieties of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was undertaken to characterize the varieties based on morphological and molecular markers including protein, isozymes and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. All the varieties were also studied to know the vigour potential and also to find out suitable predictor for seedling establishment. The study revealed that morphological characters like days to 50% flowering, plant height, plant appearance, days to maturity, number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel, number of seeds per umbel and seed yield per plant were found important diagnostic characters for categorizing these varieties. Seed characters such as seed size, seed shape and test weight clearly differentiated the varieties into different groups. Total soluble seed protein analysis using SDS-PAGE revealed that varieties namely Sadhna, Sindhu, RCr-436 and RCr-684 gave different banding patter from rest of the varieties showing dissimilarity from them. Similarly, superoxide dismutase isozymes analysis using native PAGE revealed that varieties like CS-6, Sindhu and Swathi gave different banding pattern from rest of the varieties and showed dissimilarity from other varieties. However, peroxidase isozyme analysis showed lack of polymorphism in bands and hence, it could not differentiate the coriander varieties. Twenty RAPD primers were used to assess molecular polymorphism in the coriander varieties. A total of 90 bands were obtained from twenty random primers and out of that 73 bands were polymorphic while 17 bands were monomorphic resulting in 81.1 per cent polymorphism among the varieties. The majority of bands were polymorphic (73 bands, 81.1%) and only 17 bands (18.9%) were monomorphic. Out of twenty primers, four primers gave 100 per cent polymorphism. A few primers produced specific allele/DNA band which distinguished the variety from rest of the varieties. Results showed that RAPD bands were more effective and clearly differentiated varieties from each other but no primer gave polymorphism with all the varieties simultaneously. Maximum vigour potential was shown by GC-2, CS-6, H. Anand, H. Surbhi, RCr-435, RCr-436 and RCr-480 varieties, which showed superiority for almost all vigour parameters. Standard germination, tetrazolium test, and Accelerated ageing test were found the most suitable predictors for seedling establishment in coriander.
ICAR-NRCS ON SEED SPICES, AJMER (RAJASTHAN)

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7

Rai, Anu Sheela. "An Investigation into the problems of maintenance of seed vigour and viability under adverse climate conditions of Darjeeling Hills." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/890.

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8

Saeidi, Ghodratollah. "The effect of seed colour and linolenic acid concentration on germination, seed vigour, seed quality and agronomic characteristics of flax." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27429.pdf.

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9

Redfearn, Melanie. "Nucleic acid integrity and synthesis in relation to seed vigour in sugar beet." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321321.

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10

Tamang, Deepa. "Enhancement of seed vigour and viability of aromatic rice by using chemicals under climatic conditions of Darjeeling Hills." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4810.

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11

Taylor, Aimee R. "Seed vigour and the effects of soil physical conditions on sugar beet emergence." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248612.

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris. L.) is sown to a stand in commercial agriculture. Consequently establishment of < 70 % can lead to an important loss in final yield and it is essential to obtain seed quality and pellet types that can give consistently high percentage emergence even under adverse soil conditions. This depends on suitable field testing and in use of vigour tests that can adequately simulate soil physical conditions in the field. In this study field and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effects of seed vigour, pellet type and soil physical conditions on the emergence of different sugar beet (Beta vulgaris. L.) seed lots. Field experiments were performed at three contrasting sites with seed lots of three different levels of vigour usually in four different types of pellet. The importance of imposing a stress was identified after the first field trial, in which few significant differences in percentage emergence were found. Therefore field trials with irrigated plots were carried out to determine the effects of heavy rainfall immediately after sowing. The result was a decrease in emergence percentage in irrigated plots and more significant differences (P <0.05) were found between seed lots. All field trials discriminated between high and low vigour seed (in common with laboratory tests) and between pelleted and unpelleted high vigour seed, but field tests did not rank order or discriminate as consistently between variants as did laboratory tests. Results from laboratory tests that were designed to simulate field conditions were compared with field emergence. Laboratory tests in soil or an artificial mixture (Erd and Sand-peat) under non-stressed conditions produced between 97.5-89.9 % emergence and did not differentiate well between different seed lots. In contrast 'wet' Erd and Sand-peat tests that had similar matric suctions to the irrigated field trials, gave between 90.1 to 50.4 % emergence, discriminated between different seed lots, correlated well with irrigated and other more stressed field trials. A model (BeetEM) predicting seedling emergence is also described and applied to sugar beet. The input variables are soil temperature at seed depth and the depth of sowing. The time for the hypocotyl to reach the soil surface is calculated using a base temperature and thermal time for hypocotyl appearance, and base temperature and thermal time and controlling the rate of pre-emergent shoot growth. Predicted emergence times were shorter than the observed. When the conditions were not stressed or seed lots were high in vigour the prediction was closer to the observed (within ½ - 1d out of a total of 12-14 d). However, in irrigated field trials low vigour seed lots took > 2 d longer to emerge than predicted.

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12

Camu, Isabelle Veronique Marie. "Understanding the mechanism(s) of hydro-priming to improve seed vigour and seedling establishment of Solanum lycopersicum." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33211.

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Seeds are very complex and diverse plant organs. Seed germination is the most sensitive stage of plant life and is influenced by various environmental signals including phytohormones, salt, light, temperature and water potential. Seeds have an innate mechanism called dormancy that blocks germination, and plants have developed several dormancy-inducing strategies to optimise the timing of germination. Seed germination vigour is an important factor in crop yield. Seedling vigour is defined as the sum of the seed properties which determine the level of activity and performance during germination and seedling emergence. A poor seed lot can be improved by post-harvest treatment such as hydro-priming as it is used in the seed industry, but the biological mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanism(s) of hydro-priming in order to improve seed vigour and seed germination. I set seeds at different temperatures to produce variation in seed vigour and it showed that germination of seeds with low vigour can be improved by hydro-priming. Using LC-IT-ToF/MS I characterised compounds that leach from seeds during hydro-priming, and showed that some of these are putative germination inhibitors. Adding these compounds to the water during hydro-priming showed that the inhibitory effect of these compounds is not the main mechanism that regulates germination. Also, transcriptomic analysis showed that genes involved in OPDA pathway are expressed during hydro-priming as well as during endosperm weakening cap associated genes. I concluded that hydro-priming improves the speed of germination of low temperature set and its efficiency is dependent of activation of metabolic activity.

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13

Ehsanullah. "Evaluation of some important aspects of seed vigour and viability in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27975.

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This study is in three sections, the first section investigated the environmental and seed quality factors affecting seed vigour and viability in soybean. In addition an experiment was performed which attempted to correlate laboratory viability tests to field emergence. The second section investigated the effect of the rate of water uptake on germinability using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Finally section three evaluated different soybean cultivars for storage potential and resistance to soaking in distilled water. Laboratory germination at 25⁰C or 30^oC, seedling fresh weight, conductivity and tetrazolium chloride topographic staining tests were highly correlated with field emergence at North West Frontier Province Agricultural University Research Station, Mingora, Pakistan. However, seeds aged for longer periods progressively lost the ability to germinate under field conditions. Sealed storage at 8% seed moisture content was superior to storage at 12% or 16% seed moisture content. Compared to seeds with 12% or 16% initial seed moisture content those at 6% initial moisture content showed reduced germinability due to high solute leakage. Solute leakage increased as soaking temperature increased, but at a higher rate when initial seed moisture content was low (6%). Compared to larger-seeded cultivars, smaller seeded cultivars were susceptible to etching, but showed better storage potential. Ageing, or soaking for 5 or 10 h in distilled water produced fewer normal seedlings and delayed 50% emergence by 1.5 days due to high solute leakage. The seeds germinated earlier and produced more nomal seedlings when soaking occurred in PEG compared to distilled water. Seeds with lower vigour due to ageing, produced a higher number of normal seedlings, greater shoot length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight when pre-imbibed in 25% PEG compared to distilled water.

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14

Hadavizadeh, Alireza. "The effect of mother plant nutrition on seed yield, quality and vigour in peas (Pisum sativum)." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233622.

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15

Nascimento, Walnice Maria Oliveira do. "Conservação de sementes de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-09052006-142206/.

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Sementes de Euterpe oleracea são consideradas recalcitrantes e demandam ampliação do conhecimento sobre os fatores que interferem na sua conservação. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar os efeitos do grau de umidade da semente e da temperatura do ambiente na manutenção da qualidade dessas sementes. Sementes da cultivar BRS Pará, com teores de água de 43,4%, 37,4%, 30,3%, 26,1%, 21,0%, 15,1% e 11,9%, acondicionadas em sacos de polietileno, foram armazenadas sob temperaturas de 20ºC, 15ºC e 10ºC, durante 360 dias e submetidas a avaliações periódicas do grau de umidade, da germinação, do vigor e da sanidade. A desidratação até 37,4% de água não produz efeitos imediatos sobre a germinação e o vigor das sementes. A partir de 37,4% de água, a dessecação favorece, progressivamente, a deterioração das sementes e ao atingirem 15,1% as sementes não germinam. Após o armazenamento, sementes com 21,0% de água ou menos têm a germinação anulada, independentemente da temperatura. A associação de 43,4% de água na semente e o armazenamento em ambiente a 20ºC, favorece a conservação das sementes por até 270 dias.
Seeds of Euterpe oleracea Mart. are considered recalcitrant and demand enlargement of the knowledge about the factors that interfere in its conservation. The present work aimed to verify the effects on seed moisture content and of the atmosphere temperature in the maintenance of seed quality. Seeds of cultivar BRS Pará, with moisture content of 43,4%, 37,4%, 30,3%, 26,1%, 21,0%, 15,1% and 11,9%, conditioned in polyethylene bags, were stored under controlled temperature at 20ºC, 15ºC and 10ºC, for 360 days, and submitted to periodic evaluations of the moisture content, germination, vigor and the health condition. The dehydration up to 37,4% of water does not produce immediate effects on the germination and vigour. However, after 37,4% it progressively favors the deterioration, and when reaching 15,1% the physiologic performance is annulled. After the storage, seeds with 21,0% of water or less have the germination annulled, independently of the temperature. It was verified that the association of seeds with 43,4% of water and the storage at 20ºC support the conservation of the seeds up to 270 days.

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16

Ferreira, João Pedro Fonseca. "Influence of mother plant and seed coat colour on germination success of Retama sphaerocarpa L (Boissier)." Master's thesis, ISA-UL, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12104.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of mother-plant and seed external morphologic characteristics of Retama sphaerocarpa on germination success. Two experiments were established in a germination chamber to evaluate the influence of seed coat colour (black, brown or green) and mother-plant on germination success. A pregermination treatment of seeds for breaking seed-coat dormancy was performed soaking the seeds in hot water (80ºC) with maintenance in the same water for 24 hours (long scald). For both studies the germination rate and the vigour index were determined. The results after 28 and 162 days suggest that the seed coat colour influenced both evaluated parameters. Germination rate was highest in green-coated seeds (55.1% at 162 days), and the vigour index in brown-coated seeds (26.2). The influence of mother plant on germination rate and vigour index was also confirmed: at the end of the experiment the I5 individual presented the highest values both in germination rate and vigour index with 57.0% and 35.3 respectively, also occurring significant statistical differences between some other individuals. Consequently for seed collecting purposes, the mother-plant selection based on known performances and the seed selection based on seed coat colour may be of utmost importance to optimise seedling production in nursery

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17

Bates, Sarah L. "Impact of feeding by the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), on yield, seed storage reserves and seedling vigour in Douglas-fir." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51294.pdf.

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18

Neto, Manoel Luiz da Silva. "Efeito de fungicidas sobre a fixação biológica de nitrogênio e o desenvolvimento inicial de cultivares de Feijão-Caupi." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2012. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=155.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade do tratamento de sementes do feijão-caupi com fungicidas e as estirpes recomendadas para esta cultura. Em laboratório avaliou-se o efeito na sobrevivência de rizóbios inoculado nas sementes de feijão-caupi e tratadas ou não com fungicidas à base fludioxonil, carbendazim, carbendazim + thiram e carboxin + thiram, nas doses recomendas para cultura da soja, e inoculadas com as estirpes recomendadas para cultura. Em casa de vegetação foi avaliado a nodulação e a massa seca da parte aérea de feijão-caupi a partir de sementes inoculadas e tratadas com os fungicidas, além de avaliar o efeito dos fungicidas na germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas em cinco cultivares de feijão-caupi. No campo foi avaliado a nodulação e a produtividade de grãos de feijão-caupi inoculadas com a estirpe BR3262 e tratadas ou não com fungicidas. Não foi observado efeito dos fungicidas sobre a sobrevivência dos rizóbios nas sementes, tampouco redução da nodulação das plantas além de não influir na germinação e no desenvolvimento das plantas de feijão-caupi, em condições de casa de vegetação. Em condições de campo não foi observado efeito dos fungicidas na nodulação tampouco no rendimento de grãos. Com isto, a utilização de fungicidas no tratamento de sementes de feijão-caupi e compatível com a inoculação.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of the seed treatment with fungicides cowpea and strains recommended for this crop. In laboratory evaluated the effect on survival of rhizobia inoculated seeds of cowpea and treated or untreated with fungicides fludioxonil, carbendazim, carbendazim + thiram and carboxin + thiram, in doses recommended for soybean, and inoculated with strains recommended for culture. In the greenhouse was assessed nodulation and shoot dry weight of cowpea seeds from inoculated and treated with fungicides, and to evaluate the effect of fungicides on germination and seedling development in five cultivars of cowpea. In the course was assessed nodulation and grain yield of cowpea inoculated with strain BR3262 and treated or untreated with fungicides. There was no effect of fungicides on survival of rhizobia on seeds, nor reduce nodulation of plants besides not influence the germination and development of cowpea plants in greenhouse conditions. Under field conditions there was no effect of fungicides on nodulation either on grain yield. With this, the use of fungicides for treating seeds of cowpea and compatible with the inoculation.

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19

Gurmu, Mulugeta. "The effects of seed vigour and moisture stress on the germination and seedling establishment of wheat and sorghum." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU031802.

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The experiments reported in this thesis assessed vigour differences between seed lots of wheat and sorghum under suboptimal conditions. A vigour assessment for each lot of both species was quantified by calculating a value for the viability equation constant Ki. Imbibition of seed lots at lower water potentials reduced water uptake, radicle and coleoptile emergence and their subsequent extension. Similarly, seeds aged by controlled deterioration also resulted in reduced radicle and coleoptile emergence and growth compared to that of unaged seeds. The critical water potential for radicle emergence, coleoptile emergence and their subsequent extension was lower for sorghum than that required for wheat. In both species coleoptile emergence and its subsequent extension was more sensitive than radicle emergence and extension. Tolerance of desiccation of both species decreased as germination progressed. However, imbibition of seeds for 24 h and drying back to their original moisture content promoted seed invigoration in some cases. Cells from seminal roots of wheat and sorghum were shorter when imbibed in lower water potentials than when they were imbibed at higher water potentials. The high drought tolerant cv (DJ1) showed lower root solute potential than the low drought tolerant cv (IS9). The results discussed in this thesis indicate that the information derived from controlled deterioration might be used as an indicator of planting value under sub-optimal conditions.

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20

Santos, Fabiana Silva dos [UNESP]. "Biometria, germinação e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex A. Dc.) Standl. provenirntes de diferentes matrizes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96795.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Tabebuia chrysotricha é uma planta arbórea com grande valor ornamental e potencial para uso em trabalhos de restauração de áreas degradadas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a variação quanto a caracteres biométricos de sementes, quanto ao processo germinativo e qualidade fisiológica de sementes provenientes de diferentes matrizes. Foram determinados o tamanho (comprimento, largura e espessura) e massa de matéria fresca de sementes, em oito repetições de 50 unidades. As avaliações de tamanho foram realizadas com auxílio de um paquímetro digital e a massa em balança analítica. O teste de germinação foi conduzido sob temperatura 25°C, usando-se como substrato duas folhas de papel. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de germinação, porcentagem de plântulas normais, índice de velocidade de germinação, valor pico, média diária de germinação, valor germinativo, comprimento de plântulas, massa seca de plântulas e porcentagem de sementes poliembriônicas, utilizando-se oito repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. A condutividade elétrica foi avaliada em diferentes períodos de embebição (4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas) a 25°C, utilizando oito repetições de 25 sementes. As sementes foram envelhecidas durante 72 horas a 45°C, utilizando-se quatro repetições de 25 sementes. O delineamento estatístico foi o inteiramente casualizado e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 1 % de probabilidade. Concluiu-se que as sementes apresentam ampla variabilidade nas características biométricas, suas matrizes possuem diferenças na capacidade germinativa e vigor, o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, conduzido a 45°C por 72 horas foi eficiente , o teste de condutividade elétrica conseguiu separar os lotes de melhor e os de pior qualidade, podendo ser conduzido com 24h de embebição.
Tabebuia chrysotricha is an arboreal plant of great ornamental value and huge potential use for degraded areas. The present work had the objective of verify the variability of seeds biometric traits, of germination process and physiological quality of seeds proceeding from different mother trees. The size (Iength, width and thickness) and fresh mass matter of the seeds were determined, in eight repetitions of fifty units. The evaluations of size were done with the help of a digital measuring calliper instrument and fresh mass with an analytical scale. The germination test was conducted at 25°C, using as subtract two germitest paper sheets. In the present work the percentage of germination, percentage of normal seedlings, speed germination index, peak value, daily germination average, germination value, seedling length, dry mass and percentage of poli-embryonic seeds were evaluated, using eight repetitions of twentyfive seeds. Electrical conductivity was evaluated at different imbibition times (4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours) at 25°C, using eight repetitions of twenty-five seeds. The seeds were submitted to accelerated aging test for 72 hours at 45°C, using four repetitions of twenty-five seeds. The statistical design was completely randomized and means were compared by Scott-Knott test (p<0,01). Results demonstrated that Tabebuia chrysotricha seeds present large variability in biometric traits; mother trees presented different germination capacities and vigour; the accelerated aging test conducted at 45°C for 72 hours is efficient to evaluated the physiological quality of seeds; the electrical conductivity test was promising, can be conducted during 24 h of soaking.

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Rosa, Mariana Silva [UNESP]. "Teste de condutividade elétrica para sementes de milho e de soja armazenadas sob baixa temperatura." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96802.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O teste de condutividade elétrica é recomendado para avaliar o vigor de sementes de ervilha e é sugerido para soja. Entretanto, alguns cuidados devem ser adotados para esse teste, quando conduzido para sementes armazenadas sob condições de baixa temperatura. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se a utilização de períodos de repouso de sementes em temperaturas mais altas antes da embebição no teste de condutividade elétrica elevaria a viabilidade do teste para sementes de milho e soja, armazenadas a 10 °C. Foram utilizados cinco lotes de sementes para cada espécie, com germinação semelhante. Após as avaliações iniciais, os lotes de soja foram armazenados por 15 meses e os de milho por 16 meses sob baixa temperatura. Desse modo, foram realizadas análises laboratoriais preliminares (teor de água; germinação e vigor: envelhecimento acelerado; teste de frio e condutividade elétrica), repetidas periodicamente após o armazenamento em câmara a 10 °C e 60% de umidade relativa aos 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 meses para soja e aos 4, 8, 12 e 16 meses para milho. A partir da segunda época de avaliação para ambas as espécies foi inserida nova variável ao teste de condutividade elétrica, denominada período de repouso das sementes, utilizada entre a remoção das sementes da câmara fria e o início da embebição.
Electrical conductivity test is recommended to evaluate vigor of pea seeds and suggested for soybean. However, some cares must be taken for this test, when conducted for seeds stored at low temperature. Thus, the present work was carried out in order to verify if the use of rest time at higher temperature of seeds before the imbibitions for the electrical conductivity test can increase the viability of the test for maize and soybean seeds, stored at 10 °C. Five seed lots for each species, with similar germination levels were used. After the initial evaluations, soybean seed lots were stored during 15 months and maize seed lots during 16 months at low temperature. The laboratory analysis (seed moisture content; germination and vigor: accelerated aging; cold and electrical conductivity tests) were performed initially and repeated periodically after the storage (10 °C and 60% of air relative humidity) at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months for soybean and 4, 8, 12 and 16 months for maize. Since the second evaluation for both species a new variable was added to the electrical conductivity test, denominated rest time of the seeds, used between the removal of the seeds of the cold chamber and the start of the imbibition for the conductivity test. The rest time periods of 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours were used, at two temperatures, 20 e 25 to 30 °C, aimed to verify, in this way, the effect of these periods and temperatures on the results of the electrical conductivity throughout of the storage period at low temperature.

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22

Tung, Nguyen Chau Thanh [Verfasser]. "Integrated Genetic and Metabolomic Analysis of Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) / Nguyen Chau Thanh Tung." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190559676/34.

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23

Maree, Pieter Hermanus. "Prediction of field emergence of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids exposed to cold and wet conditions." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08122009-183953.

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24

Harris, Kumuthini D. "Effect of crop height, relative time of weed emergence, seed vigour and dormancy on yield maintenance and weed suppression by Rht lines of winter wheat." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553173.

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The effects of crop plant height, relative time of weed emergence (RTE) and crop seed vigour and dormancy on the ability of Rht (Reduced height) lines of winter wheat to maintain yield and suppress weeds, were investigated. Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of Rht lines in Mercia cultivar background were planted with oat as a model weed. As NILs were genetically similar apart from the Rht genes, actions and interaction of RTE and crop height were assessed without confounding effects of other traits associated with competitive ability. Seed vigour and dormancy were included in case they influenced RTE. In competition with oat, the crop yield increased and yield losses decreased as the oat emergence was delayed. The yield loss was greater in the dwarf NILs (Rht-Bl c: 49% and Rht12: 64%) compared to the Mercia control (18%) and semi-dwarfNILs (25%). RTE had no effect on crop height or biomass or light interception in both the years. Yield increased linearly with the crop height both in the presence and absence of weeds. Weed-free yields were always exceeding the weedy yields irrespective ofRTE. Whether the Rht lines were sensitive or insensitive to gibberellins, did not make any difference to yield maintenance and weed suppression, but their weed suppressive ability was generally poor. High vigour cv. Mercia and Rht-Bl c seed lots competed better against weeds than low vigour ones, but the effect related to a ,higher crop plant population as the effect of R TE of weeds was the same for low and high vigour lots. The acquisition of germinability and dormancy during maturation of grams and subsequent field emergence was studied in 19 winter wheat NILs in cv. Mercia, Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon backgrounds. High levels of dormancy were found in the dwarf allele Rht-Bl c in all three backgrounds and also in Rht-Dl b + Rht-Bl c in Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon backgrounds. Longer mean time of emergence, lower percentage of emergence, shorter coleoptile length, higher Hagberg Falling Number and GA insensitivity were the causes for the delay in emergence which slightly reduced the ability of Rht-Blc and Rht-Dlb+Rht-Blc to compete against weeds. Upright with erect leaf NIL's early season height, maximum height were positively correlated with grain yield and weed suppression, and negatively correlated with crop yield loss and weed seed production. Overall, crop height was found to be more important in achieving weed suppression than relative time of weed emergence.

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25

Yagushi, Juliana Tieme. "Testes de envelhecimento acelerado e análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas para avaliação do desempenho de sementes de soja durante o armazenamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-08022012-105356/.

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A avaliação adequada do potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja pode auxiliar as empresas produtoras na tomada de decisões importantes, como a escolha dos lotes a serem armazenados e a definição das condições mais favoráveis à manutenção do nível de desempenho satisfatório das sementes. Neste contexto, o trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de verificar a eficiência dos testes de envelhecimento acelerado (tradicional e com solução saturada de NaCl) e do SVIS® para avaliar o potencial fisiológico e estimar o potencial de armazenamento de sementes de soja, em comparação com testes recomendados para sementes dessa espécie. Foram utilizadas sementes dos cultivares BRS 184 e M-Soy 7908 RR, cada um representado por seis lotes, armazenados por seis meses em dois ambientes: controlado (20 ºC e 75 % de UR do ar) e de laboratório. O desempenho das sementes foi verificado a cada dois meses durante o armazenamento, por meio de avaliações de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica, tetrazólio, emergência de plântulas em areia e análises SVIS®. Verificou-se que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado (tradicional e com solução saturada de NaCl) e o sistema computadorizado de análise de imagens de plântulas (SVIS®) são eficientes para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes armazenadas de soja. O potencial de armazenamento de sementes de soja é avaliado, com segurança, pela associação dos testes de germinação e de vigor, incluindo o envelhecimento acelerado (tradicional e com solução saturada de NaCl) e as análises SVIS®.
The evaluation of soybean seed vigor has been helping the seed industry in important decisions such as choice of lots to be stored and to defining the appropriate conditions for storability.The objective of this study was to verify the accuracy of accelerated aging tests (traditional and with saturated NaCl) and automated system for seedling evaluation (SVIS®) to assess the physiological potential and estimate the storability of soybean seeds in comparison to the information from accept vigor tests for this species. Two cultivars BRS 184 and M-Soy 7908 RR, each represented by six lots were used. Seeds were stored for six months under two environments: controlled (20ºC and 75% relative air humidity) and normal conditions. Seed performance was evaluated in two month intervals by germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, SVIS® and sand seedling emergence. Results indicated that accelerated aging (traditional and with saturated NaCl) and automated computer imaging of seedlings (SVIS®) are effective for evaluating the physiological potential of soybean seeds. The storability of soybeans seeds can be consistently evaluated by associating germination and vigor test results, including accelerated aging (traditional and with saturated NaCl) and SVIS®.

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26

Sako, Yusaku. "Systems for seed vigor assessment and seed classification." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1251222207.

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Silva, Josué Bispo da. "Avaliação do vigor de sementes de beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96812.

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Orientador: Roberval Daiton Vieira
Banca: Nelson Moreira de Carvalho
Banca: Marco Eustáquio de Sá
Resumo: Na implantação de uma cultura, a utilização de sementes com elevado potencial fisiológico é fundamental para o estabelecimento da mesma, pois representa um dos principais fatores que proporcionará à espécie a possibilidade de expressar seu máximo potencial produtivo. O uso de testes de vigor adequados torna-se imprescindível na avaliação do potencial fisiológico dos lotes produzidos e comercializados por uma empresa. Assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os testes de envelhecimento acelerado e de deterioração controlada como métodos para avaliar o vigor de sementes de beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.), correlacionando seus resultados com os do teste de emergência de plântulas em campo. Foram utilizados sete lotes de sementes hermeticamente embaladas da cultivar "Top Tall Early Wonder", adquiridos no comércio e previamente lavados em água corrente. O vigor de sementes de beterraba pode, portanto, ser avaliado eficientemente por intermédio dos testes de envelhecimento acelerado tradicional, envelhecimento acelerado em solução salina saturada e deterioração controlada.
Abstract: The use of seeds with high physiological potential is fundamental for the establishment of the crop, because it represents one of the major factors that will provide to the crop the possibility of expressing your maximum productive potential. The use of appropriate vigor tests becomes indispensable to evaluate the physiological potential of the produced and marketed seed lots. Therefore, this work was carried out in order to study the accelerated aging and deterioration controlled tests as methods to evaluate the vigor of beet seeds (Beta vulgaris L.), correlating their results with seedlings field emergency. The vigor of beet seeds can, therefore, be evaluated efficiently using accelerated aging, both traditional and in saturated salt solution and controlled deterioration tests.
Mestre

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Silva, Josué Bispo da [UNESP]. "Avaliação do vigor de sementes de beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96812.

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Na implantação de uma cultura, a utilização de sementes com elevado potencial fisiológico é fundamental para o estabelecimento da mesma, pois representa um dos principais fatores que proporcionará à espécie a possibilidade de expressar seu máximo potencial produtivo. O uso de testes de vigor adequados torna-se imprescindível na avaliação do potencial fisiológico dos lotes produzidos e comercializados por uma empresa. Assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os testes de envelhecimento acelerado e de deterioração controlada como métodos para avaliar o vigor de sementes de beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.), correlacionando seus resultados com os do teste de emergência de plântulas em campo. Foram utilizados sete lotes de sementes hermeticamente embaladas da cultivar Top Tall Early Wonder, adquiridos no comércio e previamente lavados em água corrente. O vigor de sementes de beterraba pode, portanto, ser avaliado eficientemente por intermédio dos testes de envelhecimento acelerado tradicional, envelhecimento acelerado em solução salina saturada e deterioração controlada.
The use of seeds with high physiological potential is fundamental for the establishment of the crop, because it represents one of the major factors that will provide to the crop the possibility of expressing your maximum productive potential. The use of appropriate vigor tests becomes indispensable to evaluate the physiological potential of the produced and marketed seed lots. Therefore, this work was carried out in order to study the accelerated aging and deterioration controlled tests as methods to evaluate the vigor of beet seeds (Beta vulgaris L.), correlating their results with seedlings field emergency. The vigor of beet seeds can, therefore, be evaluated efficiently using accelerated aging, both traditional and in saturated salt solution and controlled deterioration tests.

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29

Tasaki, Hiromi. "Light Effect on Seed Chlorophyll Content and Germination Performance of Tomato and Muskmelon Seeds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43868.

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The stage of maturity of seeds at harvest is an important factor that determines seed vigor. Separating seeds from a seed lot composed of many different stages of development can be difficult especially after maximum dry mass is attained. Separating seeds based on their physiological maturity is more challenging than sorting seeds based on their physical properties. Seeds may be non-destructively sorted using chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) as a marker of seed maturity. This study was conducted to test whether CF could be used to remove low vigor immature seeds from muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.'Top Mark') and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) seed lots. Light treatments were applied to determine whether the light environment during seed harvesting and processing could affect chlorophyll content and seed vigor. Seeds from nine stages of development were collected from 'TopMark'. Seeds from three stages of fruit development (red ripe, breaker, and mature green) were harvested from tomato cultivar Money Maker and two phytochrome mutants: phytochrome A mutant, fri-1 and phytochrome B mutant, tri-1. The SeedMaster Analyzer (Satake USA Inc., Houston Texas) was used to measure CF and to sort individual seeds according to CF levels. Immature tomato seeds and muskmelon, harvested from green fruits, had the highest CF (p>0.001). Contrary to the results obtained with the other tomato genotypes, the vigor of tri-1 did not change inversely with changing CF levels, rather, seeds with low CF had the same vigor as seeds with high CF. This result may suggest that the presence of phytochrome B exerts an inhibitory influence on vigor in tomato seeds, and that the persistent presence of chlorophyll during seed development does not affect vigor. The light treatments had no consistent effect on seed chlorophyll content or on vigor in either tomato or muskmelon.
Master of Science

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30

Smith, Thomas M. "Seed Priming and Smoke Water Effects on Germination and Seed Vigor of Selected Low-Vigor Forage Legumes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36162.

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A commercial solid matric priming method and an osmotic priming method were used to measure seed priming responses of birdsfoot trefoil, kura clover, and sericea lespedeza. Differences were not observed using standard germination tests, but both priming methods show potential for increased germination rate (P>0.05). Conflicting results for matric and osmotic priming were found in terms of seed storage potential after priming, with matric primed seeds showing higher (P<0.05) germination after accelerated aging and osmotic primed seeds showing significant lower germination(P<0.01). Birdsfoot trefoil benefited from priming, but responses varied by priming treatment, while kura clover showed less response to both priming treatments. In a field study comparing matric primed vs. unprimed seedling emergence, matric priming effects were small and these data suggest that solid matrix priming may be unlikely to improve the field establishment of either species.

Aqueous smoke solutions were also tested for effect on seed germination. Differences in final germination percent due to solution type (after exposure to liquid smoke solutions for 10- or 45-min) were not observed. Highest concentration of the 10-min solution treatment reduced (P<0.05) birdsfoot trefoil germination. Greater germination was observed only for 'Perfect Fit' kura clover treated with low or intermediate concentrations of either solution. High concentrations of 10-min smoke water increased time to 50% germination (T50) for all seeds, but some reduction in T50 occurred for kura clovers treated with low (5%) solution concentrations. The 45-min treatments had little effect on germination rates. Applying aqueous smoke solution to seeds at germination did not improve germination responses of these forage legume species.

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31

Oliveira, Daniel Luiz. "Qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de Acacia mangium Willd provenientes de plantios com diferentes idades." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2012. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=148.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a qualidade física e fisiológica de dez lotes de sementes de Acacia mangium Willd provenientes de plantios comerciais com diferentes idades estabelecidos na savana de Roraima. Os frutos foram coletados de plantios localizados na Serra da Lua, nos municípios do Cantá e Bonfim, de plantas com 4, 5, 7, 9 e 10 anos de idade. As sementes das cinco idades, após a determinação da massa de 1000 sementes, foram classificadas em pequenas e grandes, formando 10 lotes de sementes. O teste de germinação foi realizado, após a superação da dormência, em quatro repetições de 50 sementes, por lote, sobre papel de germinação e mantidos em gerbox a 25C. A embebição foi observada nos tempos 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 60, 72, 96 e 120 horas para sementes colocadas entre papel. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado foi conduzido em gerbox, em quatro repetições de 50 sementes, mantidos em BOD a 41C por 0, 24, 48 e 72 horas. O teste de condutividade elétrica foi realizado com sementes sem e com a superação da dormência, em quatro repetições de 50 sementes imersas em 75 mL de água por 24 horas. As sementes de A. mangium não apresentam o padrão trifásico de absorção de água em 120 horas após a superação da dormência. Sementes pequenas de acácia, após a superação da dormência, absorvem mais água e apresentam maior média de porcentagem e velocidade de germinação inicial e menor tempo médio de germinação que sementes grandes. A exposição de sementes de A. mangium por 24 horas no envelhecimento acelerado reduz a porcentagem e velocidade de germinação e aumenta a porcentagem de sementes mortas e de plântulas anormais. A imersão das sementes em 75 mL de água por 24 horas a 25C resultam em valores de condutividade elétrica sem relação com a germinação. A idade da planta não apresenta relação com a massa de 1000 sementes e com a absorção de água em 120 horas, para sementes submetidas à superação da dormência. Sementes de plantas com 10 anos apresentam maior porcentagem e velocidade de germinação que sementes de plantas com 4 anos de idade.
The objective of this work was determinate the physic and physiologic quality of ten lots of Acacia mangium Willd. from different commercial established plant ages in Roraimas savanna. Fruits were collected from plantations in Serra da Lua, in Cantá and Bonfim, from plants with 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10 years-old. Seeds from five plant ages, after the determinations of 1000 seeds weight, were classified in small and large, composing 10 lots. Germination test has been done, after dormancy overcoming, in four repetitions with 50 seeds, per lot, above germination paper and inside gerbox in 25C. The imbibition was observed in the times 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 60, 72, 96 and 120 hours to seeds put between papers. The Seed aging test was made in gerbox in four repetitions with 50 seeds, maintained in BOD in 41C for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The electrical conductivity test was made to seeds without and with dormancy overcoming, in four repetitions with 50 seeds immersed in 75 mL of water for 24 hours. Seeds of A. mangium do not exhibit the three-stage water absorption process in 120 hours, after dormancy overcoming. Small seeds of acacia, after dormancy overcoming, absorb more water and show higher mean of percentage and speed of initial germination and lower time mean of germination than large seeds. Exposition the A. mangium seeds for 24 hours in seed age test reduces the percentage and speed of germination and increases the percentages of dead seeds and abnormal seedlings. The immersion of the seeds in 75 mL of water for 24 hours in 25C results in value of electrical conductivity with no relation to germination. The plant age do not show relation to 1000 seeds weight and to water absorption process for 120 hours, from seeds submitted to dormancy overcoming. Seeds from plants with 10 years-old show higher percentage and speed of germination than seeds from plants with 4 years-old.

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Detoni, Cezar Ernesto. "Grain Sorghum Field Emergence and Seed Vigor Tests." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30649.

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Poor emergence of sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] affects the stand and potential yields. The major objective of this research was to find correlations among field emergence data and laboratory seed vigor tests. Thirty-two and 30 hybrids of sorghum were planted at three Virginia locations in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Field emergence was subsequently compared with results from laboratory tests that included: 1) standard germination; 2) osmotic-stress using polyethylene glycol 8000 (mw); 3) heat-shock using 2 hr at 50?C stress; 4) electrical conductivity of steep water of germinating seeds; and 5) seed mass. Field emergence of grain sorghum differed among hybrids, years and locations. Mean emergence across years and locations was 67.5%, whereas mean germination in the laboratory was 87.8%. There were interaction between hybrid and location and between hybrid and year. Germination under optimal conditions (standard germination test) and with osmotic or heat-shock stress differed among hybrids. Regression analyses showed a weak correlation between laboratory germination (with or without stress) and field emergence in both years. The fresh weight of seedlings whether from standard germination or stress tests also differed among hybrids in both years, and the associations with field emergence were weakly correlated in 1996. Hybrids showed significant differences in radicle length when grown under laboratory stress in both years following standard germination. There was a weak correlation with field emergence and radicle length following heat-shock treatment in 1996. The measurement of electrical conductivity in the seed steep water showed significant differences among hybrids. A weak correlation with field emergence was seen in 1996. Conductivity values per gram of seed and per cm2 of seed area revealed differences among hybrids. The correlation of these parameters with field emergence was higher than conductivity per seed. Seed mass varied among hybrids in both years , but was no correlation between seed mass and emergence. Of the laboratory parameters examined, germination proved to be the most consistent predictor of variations in field emergence of sorghum hybrids.
Ph. D.

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33

Gagliardi, Bruna. "Procedimentos para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de pimentão e relações com a emergência de plântulas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-09092009-081430/.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivos verificar a eficiência de procedimentos para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de pimentão e procurar identificar suas relações com a germinação sob diferentes temperaturas e com a emergência de plântulas. Paralelamente, foram efetuadas análises de imagens obtidas com o emprego de radiações X, procurando associar a morfologia interna das sementes ao seu desempenho e determinar possíveis causas de variações do potencial fisiológico. Utilizaram-se cinco lotes de sementes dos híbridos Reinger e Sentinel. A avaliação do potencial fisiológico das sementes foi realizado mediante a condução do teste de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de NaCl (48h/41°C), emergência de plântulas (percentagem e velocidade), teste de tetrazólio (3h/45°C para embebição e 2h/5°C para a coloração das sementes) e teste de germinação (percentagem e velocidade) sob cinco faixas de temperatura (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, 25°C e 30°C), em mesa termogradiente. Para o teste de raios X, as sementes radiografadas foram classificadas em função do estádio de desenvolvimento e morfologia dos embriões; posteriormente ao teste de germinação, procurou-se relacionar a estrutura das sementes com as respectivas plântulas/sementes resultantes. Os testes de envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de NaCl e de tetrazólio são adequados para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico das sementes e, lotes vigorosos apresentam bom desempenho sob variações de temperatura, na germinação. O teste de raios X é eficiente na identificação de danos e anormalidades no embrião associados à germinação de sementes de pimentão.
This study aimed to verify the efficiency of procedures for the physiological potential assessment of pepper seeds and seek to identify its relationship with germination under different temperatures and the emergence of seedlings. In parallel, we performed the analysis of images, obtained with the use of radiation X, seeking to associate the internal morphology of seeds to their performance and to determine possible causes of changes of physiological potential. The study used five seed lots of hybrids Reinger and Sentinel. The evaluation of physiological potential of the seeds was achieved by conducting the germination test, accelerated aging with saturated solution of NaCl (48h/41°C), emergence of seedlings (percentage and speed), the tetrazolium test (3h/45°C for imbibition and 2h/5°C for colouration of seeds) and germination test (percentage and speed) on five tracks of temperature (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, 25°C and 30°C) in thermogradient table. For the X-ray test, radiographed seeds were classified according to the stage of development and morphology of the embryos; after the germination test, the structure of seeds were associated with the respective resulting seedlings/seeds. The accelerated aging test with saturated solution of NaCl and tetrazolium test are appropriate for assessing the physiological potential of pepper seeds, and vigorous lots show good performance under variations of temperature in germination. The X-ray test is effective in identifying damage and abnormalities in the embryo associated with germination of pepper seeds.

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Kamboozia, Jafar. "Seedling vigour in winter grain legumes." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk152.pdf.

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Rodo, Angelica Brod. "Avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de cebola e sua relação com o desempenho das plantas em campo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10072002-154513/.

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O potencial fisiológico de sementes, determinado pela germinação e vigor, é diretamente responsável pelo desempenho das sementes em campo, podendo até se refletir na produtividade de diversas espécies de hortaliças de importância econômica. Diante disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos para determinação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de cebola (Allium cepa L.), visando destacar procedimentos adequados para utilização em programas de controle de qualidade; procurou-se, também, verificar a relação dos resultados obtidos em laboratório com a emergência das plântulas e o desempenho das plantas em campo. Para tanto, utilizaram-se seis lotes de sementes dos cultivares Aurora e Petroline, avaliados, em laboratório, quanto ao grau de umidade, germinação e vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, classificação do vigor de plântulas, condutividade elétrica, frio sem terra, envelhecimento acelerado tradicional e com solução salina e deterioração controlada). O desempenho das plantas foi verificado em ensaios de campo, utilizando-se dois sistemas de cultivo: semeadura direta e transplante de mudas; durante o desenvolvimento das plantas avaliaram-se, periodicamente, a altura, o diâmetro na região do colo e a massa de matéria seca das plantas. Após a colheita, determinou-se o rendimento final e efetuou-se a avaliação comercial dos bulbos. Concluiu-se que os testes de envelhecimento acelerado com solução salina (41ºC/72h), de deterioração controlada (ajuste do grau de umidade das sementes para 24% de água/45ºC/24h) e de classificação do vigor de plântulas, são considerados eficientes para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de cebola. As relações entre o vigor de sementes de cebola e o desempenho das plantas manifestam-se apenas durante a fase inicial do desenvolvimento da cultura, principalmente quando as diferenças entre o potencial fisiológico dos lotes são mais acentuadas, mas não afetam diretamente a produção de bulbos.
Research has emphasized the relationship of laboratory germination and vigor to seedling emergence and stand establishment. In contrast, information relating seed vigor to plant performance is less available. This study was conducted to identify reliable procedures to rank onion ( Allium cepa L.) seed lots according to their physiological potential and to select the most adequate procedures to be used in quality control programs. In addition, it was verified whether the differences in seed vigor influence plant performance in field conditions. Six seed lots of cultivars Aurora and Petroline were evaluated in laboratory for germination and vigor (first count, seedling vigor classification, electrical conductivity, cold test, traditional and saturated salt accelerated aging and controlled deterioration). Field experiments to detect differences in plant development were performed by direct sowing and transplant systems; after the determination of seedling emergence, plant vegetative development was evaluated by plant height, pseudo stem width and dry matter accumulation measurements. After harvest, the bulbs commercial classification and yield evaluation were provided. It was concluded that saturated salt accelerated aging (41ºC/72h), controlled deterioration (24% of water/45ºC/24h) and seedling vigor classification tests were the best procedures to assess the physiological potential of onion seeds. The initial plant development as measured by plant height and dry matter accumulation was affected by seed vigor mainly when the differences of seed physiological potential became wider as a result of the storage period. Influence of seed vigor did not persist during plant vegetative growth and yield was not related to seed vigor level. It was therefore concluded that the use of high vigor seed lots is justified to ensure adequate stand establishment under different environmental conditions.

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Melo, Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de. "Testes de vigor e sanidade de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú e Xaraés /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143423.

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Orientador: Cibele Chalita Martins
Coorientadora: Edna Ursulino Alves
Banca: Letícia Ane Sizuki Nociti Dezem
Banca: Silvelena Vanzolini Segato
Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi
Banca: Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
Resumo: Dentro de um programa de controle de qualidade, a avaliação da sanidade e do vigor das sementes é necessária para o sucesso da produção. Assim, o trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de identificar os fungos e verificar a eficiência de testes de vigor na diferenciação da qualidade dos lotes de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú e Xaraés, visando obter informações sobre a qualidade sanitária das sementes e a emergência de plântulas em campo. Vinte lotes de sementes produzidas nos Estados de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Bahia foram submetidos à avaliação do teor de água, germinação e microflora fúngica, realizada pelo método do papel de filtro (blotter-test). Para avaliar o vigor e potencial fisiológico foram utilizados dezessete lotes de sementes, sendo oito da cultivar Marandú e nove da Xaraés, avaliados quanto ao teor de água, testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, condutividade elétrica, emergência de plântulas, primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas em areia no laboratório e emergência de plântulas em campo). A microflora fúngica diagnosticada em sementes comerciais de capim marandú e xaraés é constituída por Helminthosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Phoma sp., Curvularia sp., Pyricularia grisea, Chaetomium sp., Nigrospora sp., Colletotrichum sp. e Aspergillus sp. não afeta a germinação de sementes de capim-marandú, no entanto, a incidência de Fusarium sp. e Aspergillus sp. reduz... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Within a quality control program, the evaluation of health and seeds vigor are fundamental and necessary for the successful production. Thus, this study was conducted in order to identify fungi and verify the efficiency of vigor tests in the quality differentiating of Brachiaria brizantha cv., Marandu and Xaraes seed lots, in order to obtain information that improve the sanitary quality of seeds and seedling emergence in the field. Twenty seed lots produced in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Goias, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo and Bahia were evaluated for water content, germination and fungal microflora by the filter paper method (blotter-test). To evaluate the vigor and potential physiological were used seventeen seed lots, eight of the cultivar Marandu and nine of the Xaraes submitted to the germination test, first counting of germination test, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence, first germination count and seedling emergence speed index in the sand performed in the laboratory and emergency seedling tests in the field. The fungal microflora diagnosed in commercial seed lots of marandu and xaraes grasses consists of Helminthosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Phoma sp., Curvularia sp., Pyricularia grisea, Chaetomium sp., Nigrospora sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Aspergillus sp.. germination of marandu grass seeds was not affected by the incidence of fungi. The incidence of Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp reduces the germination of xaraes Regarding producing locations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lehle, Fredric R. "Fermentation as an Estimator of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seed Vigor." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204533.

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Anoxic -induced fermentation was evaluated as a potential cotton seed vigor test. Seed samples from a single seed lot were subjected to accelerated aging for different durations to create five classes of seeds on the basis of vigor. The ethanol and acetaldehyde excreted from seeds from each class during brief periods of anoxia was quantified by gas-liquid-chromatography. Ethanol and acetaldehyde production during anoxia was negatively correlated with standard germination test results of all seed samples receiving accelerated aging. The fermentation capacity of hydrated cotton seeds remained intact at imbibition temperatures, which significantly reduced radicle growth.

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Guedes, Roberta Sales. "Testes de vigor para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8023.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Amburana cearensis (Allemão) B.C. Smith is a species native to the Northeast region of Brazil. It has been increasingly exploited for fine woodworking, perfumery and medicine. The experiments were conducted in Laboratory of Analysis of Seeds in the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraiba, Areia - PB and Laboratory of Image Analysis and Seed Analysis, Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo in Piracicaba - SP, aimed to obtain information about of vigor of seed A. cearensis. In the first experiment were tested the accelerated aging test and the seed were exposed at 42 °C during 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. For the second experiment were tested the electrical conductivity test and potassium leachate test. The factors considered for the electrical conductivity test were: soaking time (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 h) and volume of deionized water (75 and 100 mL) at a constant temperature of 25 °C. The potassium leachate test was carried out with samples of 50 seeds placed in plastic cups containing 75 mL of distilled water at 25 °C and the evaluations were performed at intervals 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 h. In the third experiment, seeds were subjected to X-rays test for evaluation of internal damage in seeds. A period of 48 h of aging was suitable for use in future studies to evaluate seed vigor A. cearensis, it is possible to detect significant differences between lots. The electrical conductivity test and potassium leachate test possible the discrimination of lots os seeds, it is recommended combinations for electrical conductivity of 75 mL/12 h and 100 mL/8 h and the leaching soaking for 4 h. Radiographic analysis is an effective instrument for monitoring A. cearensis seeds lots quality, because it is non-destructive and allows the prediction of seedling performance and enables the maintenance of high-quality seed.
A Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith é uma espécie nativa da região Nordeste, que vem sendo progressivamente explorada na movelaria fina, perfumaria e medicina. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em Areia - PB e nos Laboratórios de Análise de Imagens e de Análise de Sementes, do Departamento de Produção Vegetal, da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, em Piracicaba - SP, objetivando obter informações sobre o vigor de sementes de A. cearensis. O trabalho foi dividido em três experimentos: no primeiro as sementes foram submetidas ao envelhecimento acelerado e expostas a temperatura de 42 °C durante 0, 24, 48, 72 e 96 h, no segundo realizou-se os testes de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio, cujos fatores considerados para o teste de condutividade elétrica foram os períodos de embebição das sementes (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 h) e volumes de água deionizada (75 e 100 mL) a 25 °C. O teste de lixiviação de potássio foi realizado com amostras de 50 sementes colocadas em copos plásticos contendo 75 mL de água destilada a 25 °C, cujas leituras foram efetuadas em intervalos de 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 h. No terceiro experimento as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de raios X para avaliação dos danos internos. O período de 48 h de envelhecimento é adequado para avaliação de vigor de sementes de A. cearensis; os testes de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio possibilitam discriminação dos lotes de sementes, recomendando-se para a condutividade as combinações de 75 mL/12 h e 100 mL/8 h e para a lixiviação a embebição por 4 h. A análise radiográfica é eficiente como um instrumento para selecionar sementes de A. cearensis de alta qualidade e prever o desempenho de plântulas.

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Dias, Marcos Altomani Neves. "Tratamento de sementes de milho com zinco e cobre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-04022014-153538/.

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O tratamento de sementes pode ser uma importante técnica para o fornecimento de micronutrientes na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.), sendo capaz de promover um melhor estabelecimento da cultura no campo. Solos contendo níveis insuficientes de zinco e de cobre para as plantas são frequentes em grande parte das regiões agrícolas do Brasil e do mundo. Deste modo, o fornecimento destes elementos via sementes pode ser uma alternativa viável e eficaz para produtores de milho. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes tratamentos de sementes de milho contendo Zn e Cu, considerando aspectos relacionados à qualidade fisiológica das sementes e à eficiência nutricional. Para tal, foram utilizados quatro lotes do híbrido 2B688Hx, apresentando diferenças quanto ao tamanho e vigor das sementes. Os tratamentos foram compostos por diferentes dosagens e combinações de suspensões líquidas contendo óxido de Zn e carbonato de Cu, fornecidos juntos ou separadamente. Os lotes foram avaliados pelo teor de água das sementes, germinação e teste de frio em cinco épocas: 0, 30, 60, 180 e 360 dias. Nas três primeiras épocas, também foram realizados os testes de emergência de plântulas, velocidade de emergência de plântulas e análises do crescimento de raiz por meio do software SVIS®. O desenvolvimento inicial das plantas foi avaliado pela altura, área foliar e massa seca de raiz e de parte aérea. Os dados de massa seca associados aos teores de Zn e de Cu nos tecidos permitiram calcular as eficiências de absorção, transporte e utilização dos mesmos. A qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho tratadas com Zn e Cu, isoladamente ou associados, não é afetada ao longo de doze meses de armazenamento; por outro lado, o Cu utilizado isoladamente causa fitotoxicidade quando a avaliação é realizada tendo o papel como substrato, afetando principalmente o desenvolvimento radicular das plântulas. O tratamento de sementes com zinco e cobre se constitui em alternativa viável e eficaz para o fornecimento destes elementos para as plantas de milho.
Seed treatment is a potential tool for supplying micronutrients on maize crop (Zea mays L.), enabling a better plant stand establishment in the field. Soils presenting insufficient levels of zinc and copper to plants are common in various agricultural regions throughout Brazil and the world. Thus, the supply of such elements via seeds can be viable and effective for maize crop. This study aimed to evaluate different maize seed treatments containing Zn and Cu, related to the effects on seeds physiological quality and nutritional efficiency. Thus, four seeds lots of the corn hybrid 2B688Hx, differing in size and vigor, were used for this study. The treatments were composed of liquid suspensions containing Zn oxide and Cu carbonate, applied together or separately at different dosages. The lots were evaluated by seed moisture, germination and cold test in five periods: 0, 30, 60, 180 and 360 days. Seedling emergence, seedling emergence speed and image analysis of root growth (software SVIS®) were also performed in the first three periods. The plants development was assessed by height, leaf area and dry weight of roots and shoots. The efficiencies of absorption, transport and utilization were calculated with the data of seedlings dry weight and tissues content of Zn and Cu. The physiological quality of maize seeds is not affected by the treatments containing Zn and Cu, together or separated, during the twelve-month storage period; on the other hand, the treatments containing only Cu caused phytotoxicity on paper-based tests, affecting mainly the seedlings root development. Seed treatment with zinc and copper is a viable and effective approach for supplying these elements to maize plants.

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Dutt, Manjul. "USING SEQUENTIAL IMAGERY TO EVALUATE ASPECTS OF SEED VIGOR AND GERMINATION." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/410.

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A sequential imaging system using a flat bed scanner interfaced to a personal computer was developed to study seed germination and vigor. The utility of the system was demonstrated in studies relating aspects of seed vigor in impatiens seed lots and for dormancy release in two woody perennials. Impatiens seed lots were kept in storage for 6 months to obtain a range in vigor levels. The ability to see differences at the individual seed level was possible because of the development of the sequential imaging system. It was observed that seeds deteriorated both under optimum 4OC as well as 25OC storage conditions. It was determined that both germination rate and seedling growth rate were appropriate measures of seed vigor. As untreated and primed seed lots were aged, germination percentage was negatively correlated with germination rate and positively correlated with seedling growth. However, there was a lack of correlation between germination rate and seedling growth on an individual seed basis. The data suggests that germination rate and seedling growth rate appear to be measuring different aspects of vigor. Sequential imagery also showed subtle changes in seed and seedling growth as seeds came out of dormancy that would not be detectable otherwise. This technique revealed changes in seed morphology that were previously not documented for seeds with physical dormancy. The current study furthered the utility of the imaging system by the development of sequential imaging that allows for samples to be collected hourly without technician input. This permitted very accurate determinations of germination rate and seedling growth on a single seed basis.

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Rossi, Rubiana Falopa [UNESP]. "Vigor de sementes, população de plantas e desempenho agrônomico de soja." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86387.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A cultura da soja, em razão de sua importância no agronegócio mundial, é alvo de inúmeras pesquisas no campo fitotécnico na busca por novas informações para elevação da produtividade. O vigor é um dos principais atributos da qualidade fisiológica das sementes a ser considerado na implantação de uma lavoura, pela influência que pode ter no crescimento e no rendimento das plantas. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de plantas de soja e a qualidade das sementes produzidas em diferentes densidades populacionais, em função do nível de vigor das sementes utilizadas. O experimento foi conduzido em duas etapas. A primeira constituiu da fase de campo, mediante delineamento em bloco ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 3x3 (densidades populacionais de 7, 12 e 17 pl.m-1 e níveis de vigor das sementes alto, médio e baixo), empregando-se três cultivares de soja. Foram avaliados a população inicial, a data do florescimento, o ciclo, a altura média das plantas e da inserção da primeira vagem, os números médio de vagens por planta e de sementes por vagem, a população final de plantas, em relação à inicial, e a produção de sementes. A segunda etapa foi realizada no laboratório e constou da avaliação das características qualitativas das sementes de soja produzidas na etapa anterior. Foi evidente o efeito do vigor das sementes na emergência de plântulas em campo, sendo superior quando oriundas das sementes de alto vigor. A elevação da densidade de plantas de soja na linha ressalta, positivamente, efeitos dos níveis de vigor no desenvolvimento das plantas. O vigor das sementes e a densidade de plantas na linha têm influencia na produção de soja; elevações de 8% e 6% na produção foram observadas em plantas originadas de sementes com vigor médio e alto, em relação às...
Due to the importance of soybean in the world agribusiness, this crop has been the subject of innumerous research studies, looking for management techniques to increase production per area. The vigor is one of the main seed physiological quality characters that has to be considered in the crop establishment, because it can influence the plant growth and final production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of soybean plants and the quality of seeds produced in different population densities, depending on the level of vigor of the seed sown. The experiment was conducted in two stages. The first one was conducted at the field, in randomized block design, with four replications, in a factorial 3x3 design (densities of 7, 12 and 17 pl.m-1 and levels of seed vigor, high, medium and low), using three soybean cultivars. The following parameters were: initial population, flowering cycle, average height of plants and first pod; average number of pods per plant and seeds per pod; final population of plants (in relation to the initial population); and seed yield. In the second stage, conducted in the laboratory, the quality of the produced seed was evaluated. The effect of seed vigor on seedling emergence in the field was evident, being higher when derived from the seeds of high vigor. The high density of soybean plants in the row highlights positively the effects of vigor levels upon plants development. Seed vigor and plant density on the line have influence on soybean production; increases of 8% and 6% in seed yield were observed in plants from seeds with medium and high vigor, compared to those coming from low vigor. Seed vigor and plant density on the line do not affect the physiological quality of the produced seeds

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Sekharan, Soja. "Aged soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) seeds their physiology and vigor assessment /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1135809134.

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Herat, Lakshman Gamini. "Effects of maturity and seed size on seed vigor and plant growth in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39885.

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Stage of maturity at harvest and relative seed size can affect seed vigor. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effect of seed maturity on seed vigor, storability, and subsequent plant growth of four cultivars of snap bean (Topcrop, Provider Black, Provider White, and Cherokee Wax). Seeds harvested between physiological maturity (PM) and harvest maturity (HM) showed the highest seed vigor and storability. At PM, seed moisture content was about 55%. A drop in seed fresh weight and a pod color change from green to yellow appear to signal the stage of PM. Delaying harvest past HM reduced seed vigor. The three cultivars with colored seed coats showed higher seed vigor than Provider White. Climatic and weathering effects on maturity, vigor, and yield of Topcrop and Cherokee Wax seed were evaluated at three locations (L-I, L-2, and L-3) in Sri Lanka having different agro-climatic conditions. Seeds that developed and matured under cooler conditions (L-l) produced higher yields and had larger size, better color, and higher vigor. Seeds developed and matured faster under warmer conditions (L-3); however, seed vigor and yields were lower and seed vigor dropped prior to HM. Cherokee Wax was the most tolerant to field weathering. Seeds of Topcrop and Cherokee Wax were separated by weight into three seed sizes (small, medium, and large) and evaluated for crop performance in two plantings (12/90 and 3/91). Field emergence was higher from larger seeds in the second planting, where the soil conditions were more stressful. Seedlings and plants at the flowering stage were larger and pod yields higher from larger seeds. The cultivar x seed size interaction was significant for pod yield per plant. Topcrop showed no differences, while with Cherokee Wax, pod yield per plant increased with increase in seed size during both plantings. Seeds produced from small seeds were similar or higher in vigor, indicating that small seeds could be used for seed production purposes. The data from these experiments indicate that vigor in snap bean seeds can be optimized by harvesting at an early stage after PM and by grading to remove small seeds.
Ph. D.

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44

Caldeira, Sidney Fernando. "Conservação, viabilidade e vigor de diásporos e crescimento inicial de mudas de aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem.)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1598.

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The increase of the antropic action on the different forms of vegetation imposes the necessity to study the forest species, as much as for its conservation, as for its use in environment and productive plantations. If the species is still widely explored in function of the quality of its wood and of other types of products, they increase the risks for its extinction, and the Myracrodruon urundeuva ( aroeira ) is a species that fits in these aspects. The seed still is the most popular and common form of reproduction of the majority of the forest species, and also for its "ex-situ" conservation. However, the majority of the works on storage is conducted in cold or dry chambers, or its combination, of high cost, for periods around 12 months, and not always they reach the variation of the packages, in relation to the permeability. The option of keeping the quality of diasporas of "aroeira", deriving of seeds collection area, in Cuiabá, Brazil, and cheaper conditions to be stored, and of this form, accessible to more users was evaluated under different forms. In controlled chamber for a conditioning air device, the viability of diasporas of "aroeira" was conserved up to 30 months of storage, while the vigor was kept up to six months, independent of the type of packing used, since the impermeable one, until the total permeate one. In room environment the viability and the vigor were been reduced, at the age of six months, but in lesser speed, when the diasporas were conditioned in packing of can and polyethylene bag; at the age of 12 months the deterioration increased and at the age eighteen it was complete. Positive and significant correlations between the methods of analysis of viability as well as of vigor had been observed. The test of accelerated ageing presented resulted satisfactory to evaluate the quality of the diasporas of aroeira , while the tests of electric conductivity and of the diasporas thousand mass had not been adjusted. The evaluation of the initial development of seedlings, produced from the diasporas stored under different conditions, resulted in lesser values of height, diameter of collar and total dry substance mass, in relation to produced seedlings with the diasporas just harvested. However, with the development of the seedlings, these differences did not remain and presented inferior as well as superior values, in relation to the previous evaluations. It is possible to keep the viability of diasporas of aroeira , for at least up to 30 months, and its vigor up to six months, with its storage in controlled chamber.
O aumento da ação antrópica sobre as diferentes formas de vegetação, impõe a necessidade de estudar as espécies florestais, tanto para a sua conservação, como o seu uso em plantios ambientais e produtivos. Se a espécie ainda é largamente explorada em função da qualidade de sua madeira e de outros tipos de produtos, aumentam os riscos de sua extinção, e a aroeira é uma espécie que se enquadra nesses aspectos. A semente ainda é a forma mais popular e comum de reprodução da maioria das espécies florestais, e também para a sua conservação "ex-situ". Contudo, a maioria dos trabalhos sobre armazenamento é conduzida em câmaras frias, secas ou a sua combinação, de alto custo, por períodos em torno de 12 meses, e nem sempre abrangem a variação das embalagens, quanto à permeabilidade. A opção de manter a qualidade de diásporos de aroeira, oriundos de área de coleta de sementes, em Cuiabá, em condições mais amenas e mais baratas de serem armazenadas, e desta forma, acessível a mais usuários, foi avaliada sob diferentes formas. Em câmara climatizada por um aparelho condicionador de ar, a viabilidade de diásporos de aroeira se conservou até 30 meses de armazenamento, enquanto o vigor se manteve até seis meses, independente do tipo de embalagem utilizada, desde a impermeável, até a totalmente permeável. Em ambiente a viabilidade e o vigor foram reduzidos, aos seis meses, mas em menor velocidade, quando os diásporos foram acondicionados em embalagem de lata e em saco de polietileno; aos 12 meses a deterioração aumentou e aos 18 meses foi completa. Foram observadas correlações positivas e significativas entre os métodos de análise tanto da viabilidade como do vigor. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado apresentou resultados satisfatórios para avaliar a qualidade dos diásporos de aroeira, enquanto os testes de condutividade elétrica e da massa de mil diásporos não foram adequados. A avaliação do desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas, produzidas a partir dos diásporos armazenados sob diferentes condições, resultou em menores valores de altura, diâmetro do coleto e massa de matéria seca total, em relação às plântulas produzidas com os diásporos recém colhidos. Contudo, com o desenvolvimento das mudas, essas diferenças não se mantiveram e apresentaram tanto valores inferiores como superiores, em relação às avaliações anteriores. É possível manter a viabilidade de diásporos de aroeira, pelos menos até 30 meses, e o seu vigor até seis meses, com o seu armazenamento na câmara climatizada.

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Souza, Apolyana Lorrayne [UNESP]. "Sanidade de sementes de feijão em função da palhada antecessora em área de semeadura direta." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143858.

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Entre as técnicas de produção agrícola, a semeadura direta tem sido adotada por proporcionar grandes benefícios às culturas, como preservar o solo e a água e promover a sustentabilidade ambiental. Utilizada principalmente nas culturas de soja, milho e trigo, mais recentemente foi incorporada na cultura do feijoeiro. No entanto muitas dúvidas precisam ser elucidadas para que os agricultores possam se utilizar da técnica com segurança. Dessa forma objetivou-se com esse trabalho verificar em diferentes coberturas do solo e doses de nitrogênio o desempenho do feijoeiro por meio da produtividade, qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes, em semeadura direta sobre as palhadas de coberturas do solo em área de semeadura direta, utilizando-se Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis e Crotalaria juncea; e o consórcio poáceas e leguminosas com diferentes doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg de N ha-1). As plantas de cobertura foram semeadas no verão e o feijoeiro foi semeado no outono-inverno (Abril) em sistema de semeadura direta nos anos de 2013 utilizando o cultivar IAC Formoso e em 2014 utilizou-se a linhagem Verde Isa. Foram avaliadas as massas verde e seca das plantas de cobertura, os componentes de produção e da produtividade do feijoeiro e a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes obtidas. As plantas de cobertura utilizadas produziram grande quantidade de fitomassa, o que proporcionou um bom desenvolvimento do feijoeiro em sucessão na semeadura direta. As doses de nitrogênio em cobertura não influenciaram o desempenho do feijoeiro em semeadura direta indicando que os nutrientes da adubação e da mineralização da palhada foram suficientes para suprir as plantas de feijoeiro. As sementes produzidas apresentaram alta qualidade fisiológica e sanitária. As plantas de cobertura utilizadas solteiras, ou consociadas se mostraram adequadas para o cultivo do feijoeiro em sucessão em semeadura direta.
Among the agricultural production techniques, direct sowing has been adopted for providing great benefits to crops, how to preserve the soil and water and promote environmental sustainability. Mainly used in soybean, corn and wheat, most recently was incorporated into the bean crop. However many questions need to be clarified so that farmers can use the technique safely. Thus it aimed with this work to check on different ground covers and nitrogen levels the development of common bean through productivity, physiological and sanitary quality of seeds in direct seeding on the straws of ground covers in direct sowing area using Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis and Crotalaria juncea; and poaceae consortium and pulses with different nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1). The cover crops were sown in the summer and the bean was sown in autumn-winter (April) in direct seeding system in the year 2013 using the IAC Formoso and in 2014 used the Verde Isa lineage. We evaluated the green and dry mass of cover crops, the yield components and bean productivity and physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds obtained. The used cover crops produced large amount of biomass which provided a good development of common bean in succession in direct seeding. Nitrogen rates in coverage did not affect bean performance in tillage indicating that the nutrients from fertilizer and mineralization of straw were sufficient to meet the bean plants. The seeds produced showed high physiological and sanitary quality. Cover crops used single or consociated were adequate for the bean crop in succession in direct seeding.

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Souza, Apolyana Lorrayne. "Sanidade de sementes de feijão em função da palhada antecessora em área de semeadura direta /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143858.

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Orientador: Marco Esutáquio de Sá
Resumo: Entre as técnicas de produção agrícola, a semeadura direta tem sido adotada por proporcionar grandes benefícios às culturas, como preservar o solo e a água e promover a sustentabilidade ambiental. Utilizada principalmente nas culturas de soja, milho e trigo, mais recentemente foi incorporada na cultura do feijoeiro. No entanto muitas dúvidas precisam ser elucidadas para que os agricultores possam se utilizar da técnica com segurança. Dessa forma objetivou-se com esse trabalho verificar em diferentes coberturas do solo e doses de nitrogênio o desempenho do feijoeiro por meio da produtividade, qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes, em semeadura direta sobre as palhadas de coberturas do solo em área de semeadura direta, utilizando-se Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis e Crotalaria juncea; e o consórcio poáceas e leguminosas com diferentes doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg de N ha-1). As plantas de cobertura foram semeadas no verão e o feijoeiro foi semeado no outono-inverno (Abril) em sistema de semeadura direta nos anos de 2013 utilizando o cultivar IAC Formoso e em 2014 utilizou-se a linhagem Verde Isa. Foram avaliadas as massas verde e seca das plantas de cobertura, os componentes de produção e da produtividade do feijoeiro e a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes obtidas. As plantas de cobertura utilizadas produziram grande quantidade de fitomassa, o que proporcionou um bom desenvolvimento do feijoeiro em sucessão n... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Among the agricultural production techniques, direct sowing has been adopted for providing great benefits to crops, how to preserve the soil and water and promote environmental sustainability. Mainly used in soybean, corn and wheat, most recently was incorporated into the bean crop. However many questions need to be clarified so that farmers can use the technique safely. Thus it aimed with this work to check on different ground covers and nitrogen levels the development of common bean through productivity, physiological and sanitary quality of seeds in direct seeding on the straws of ground covers in direct sowing area using Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis and Crotalaria juncea; and poaceae consortium and pulses with different nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1). The cover crops were sown in the summer and the bean was sown in autumn-winter (April) in direct seeding system in the year 2013 using the IAC Formoso and in 2014 used the Verde Isa lineage. We evaluated the green and dry mass of cover crops, the yield components and bean productivity and physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds obtained. The used cover crops produced large amount of biomass which provided a good development of common bean in succession in direct seeding. Nitrogen rates in coverage did not affect bean performance in tillage indicating that the nutrients from fertilizer and mineralization of straw were sufficient to meet the bean plants. The seeds produced sho... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Hoffmaster, Andrew L. "An Automated System for Seed Vigor Testing Three-Day-Old Soybean Seedlings." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1377872760.

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Rossi, Rubiana Falopa 1986. "Vigor de sementes, população de plantas e desempenho agrônomico de soja /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86387.

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Orientador: Cláudio Cavariani
Banca: José de Barros França Neto
Banca: Leila Martins
Resumo: A cultura da soja, em razão de sua importância no agronegócio mundial, é alvo de inúmeras pesquisas no campo fitotécnico na busca por novas informações para elevação da produtividade. O vigor é um dos principais atributos da qualidade fisiológica das sementes a ser considerado na implantação de uma lavoura, pela influência que pode ter no crescimento e no rendimento das plantas. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de plantas de soja e a qualidade das sementes produzidas em diferentes densidades populacionais, em função do nível de vigor das sementes utilizadas. O experimento foi conduzido em duas etapas. A primeira constituiu da fase de campo, mediante delineamento em bloco ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 3x3 (densidades populacionais de 7, 12 e 17 pl.m-1 e níveis de vigor das sementes alto, médio e baixo), empregando-se três cultivares de soja. Foram avaliados a população inicial, a data do florescimento, o ciclo, a altura média das plantas e da inserção da primeira vagem, os números médio de vagens por planta e de sementes por vagem, a população final de plantas, em relação à inicial, e a produção de sementes. A segunda etapa foi realizada no laboratório e constou da avaliação das características qualitativas das sementes de soja produzidas na etapa anterior. Foi evidente o efeito do vigor das sementes na emergência de plântulas em campo, sendo superior quando oriundas das sementes de alto vigor. A elevação da densidade de plantas de soja na linha ressalta, positivamente, efeitos dos níveis de vigor no desenvolvimento das plantas. O vigor das sementes e a densidade de plantas na linha têm influencia na produção de soja; elevações de 8% e 6% na produção foram observadas em plantas originadas de sementes com vigor médio e alto, em relação às... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Due to the importance of soybean in the world agribusiness, this crop has been the subject of innumerous research studies, looking for management techniques to increase production per area. The vigor is one of the main seed physiological quality characters that has to be considered in the crop establishment, because it can influence the plant growth and final production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of soybean plants and the quality of seeds produced in different population densities, depending on the level of vigor of the seed sown. The experiment was conducted in two stages. The first one was conducted at the field, in randomized block design, with four replications, in a factorial 3x3 design (densities of 7, 12 and 17 pl.m-1 and levels of seed vigor, high, medium and low), using three soybean cultivars. The following parameters were: initial population, flowering cycle, average height of plants and first pod; average number of pods per plant and seeds per pod; final population of plants (in relation to the initial population); and seed yield. In the second stage, conducted in the laboratory, the quality of the produced seed was evaluated. The effect of seed vigor on seedling emergence in the field was evident, being higher when derived from the seeds of high vigor. The high density of soybean plants in the row highlights positively the effects of vigor levels upon plants development. Seed vigor and plant density on the line have influence on soybean production; increases of 8% and 6% in seed yield were observed in plants from seeds with medium and high vigor, compared to those coming from low vigor. Seed vigor and plant density on the line do not affect the physiological quality of the produced seeds
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Arruda, Natália. "Avaliação da estrutura e do potencial fisiológico de sementes de crotalária por meio de recursos de análise de imagens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-14032013-131905/.

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A utilização de procedimentos rápidos e confiáveis para análise de sementes é fundamental para a tomada de decisões nas diferentes etapas do processo produtivo e definição do destino dos lotes de sementes. Neste sentido, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: a) avaliar a estrutura de sementes de crotalária, utilizando raios X para avaliação das partes da semente, identificação de possíveis danos causados por injúrias mecânicas, por percevejo e tecidos deteriorados nas sementes e sua relação com a germinação; b) verificar a possibilidade de utilização do sistema computadorizado de análise de plântulas (SVIS®) para detectar diferenças de vigor entre lotes de sementes de Crotalaria juncea, em comparação com as informações fornecidas por testes tradicionalmente utilizados para a espécie. Foram utilizadas seis lotes de sementes de crotalária do cultivar IAC-KR1, tanto para avaliação da estrutura de sementes quanto para a análise de imagens de plântulas. As análises relativas à morfologia interna das sementes foram realizadas em apenas uma época, no início da pesquisa, ao passo que aquelas relativas ao sistema computadorizado de imagens de plântulas e demais testes de vigor foram realizados em duas épocas, espaçadas de quatro meses. Inicialmente as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de raios X e ao teste de germinação. As plântulas normais, anormais e sementes mortas foram fotografadas e analisadas paralelamente às imagens radiográficas das sementes. Na segunda etapa da pesquisa, os seis lotes foram submetidos a testes de germinação e de vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas em areia e condutividade elétrica). Para determinação do vigor das sementes por meio do SVIS®, as plântulas foram avaliadas aos três e quatro dias após a semeadura do teste de germinação, sendo obtidos dados referentes ao índice de uniformidade de desenvolvimento, vigor e comprimento de plântulas. Concluiu-se que a análise de imagens de raios X permite identificar danos mecânicos, por percevejo e tecidos deteriorados em sementes de crotalária e relacioná-las com a germinação; o SVIS® é uma alternativa viável para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de crotalária.
Fast and reliable procedures for analyzing seeds are fundamental for taking decisions during the different production stages and defining the destination of seed lots. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: a) to study the structure of sun hemp seeds with X-ray to evaluate the seed parts and identify possible damage caused by mechanical injuries, stink bugs and deteriorated tissues and their relation to germination; b) verify the possibility of using a computerized seedling analysis system (SVIS®) to detect differences in vigor between seed lots of Crotalaria juncea, and compare the results with those obtained from vigor tests used for the species. Six lots of the sun hemp cultivar IAC-KR1 were used to evaluate seed structure and also to analyze seedling images. The internal morphology seed was analyzed only at the beginning of the study whereas the computer analysis of seedling images and the other vigor tests were done at two different times, four months apart. The seeds were first submitted to X-ray and germination tests. Normal and abnormal seedlings and dead seeds were photographed and analyzed at the same time as the seed X-ray images. In the second stage of the study, the six lots were submitted to germination and vigor (first germination count, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand and electrical conductivity) tests. To determine the seed vigor using the SVIS®, the seedlings were evaluated three and four days after sowing for the germination test, when data on the uniformity development index, vigor and seedling length were obtained. It was concluded that the analysis of X-ray images is efficient for identifying mechanical damage, stink bug damage and deteriorated tissues and allowed to establish an association between their occurrence and germination; the SVIS® is a viable alternative for evaluating the vigor of sun hemp seeds.

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Peres, Willyder Leandro Rocha [UNESP]. "Testes de vigor em sementes de milho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96805.

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Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar e avaliar os testes de germinação padrão em areia (G), primeira contagem de germinação (PC), envelhecimento acelerado a 96 horas (EA 96), envelhecimento acelerado a 120 horas (EA 120), teste de frio (TF) teste de massa seca de plântulas (MS), teste de comprimento de plântulas pelos métodos da ISTA e ABRATES, emergência em campo (EC) em três locais diferentes: Jaboticabal, Piracicaba, Fernandópolis e a Condutividade elétrica (CE) na avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho híbrido, onde o Experimento foi conduzido utilizando-se nove lotes dessa semente. Na primeira fase do trabalho foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântula em campo, índice de velocidade de germinação, condutividade elétrica, teste de frio e uma variação do teste de envelhecimento acelerado (tempos de armazenamento na estufa de 96 e 120 horas a 42 ºC). Na segunda fase foram feitas avaliações quanto à quantificação das plântulas normais e anormais nos testes realizados valorizando comprimento e massa dos lotes analisados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os testes de frio, envelhecimento acelerado a 42 ºC e tempo de armazenamento na estufa de 96 horas e o teste de condutividade elétrica foram os testes mais indicados para determinação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho híbrido. Os testes de massa seca de plântulas necessitam de estudos mais específicos pelas variações apresentadas, e assim uma melhor adequação do método para facilitar e padronizar a sua utilização em sementes de milho
The objective of this work was to compare the standard germination and several vigor ( first count, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, cold, seedling dry matter weight, seedling length ) tests to the field performance of nine corn seed lots in in three locations in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. These locations were Jaboticabal, Fernandópolis, and Piracicaba. The results showed the cold, accelerated aging, and the electrical conductivity were the best vigor tests to evaluate the performance of corn seed lots in the field. The seedling dry matter content tests showed very variable results and thus in need of further studies

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