Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sedimentable dust"

Four monitoring campaigns of sedimentable dust were provided from two large non-sanitary landfills (Zrenjanin and Novi Sad) in Serbia during 2021. Particle size analysis by laser diffraction and inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were carried out in order to obtain particle size distribution (PSD) and toxic elements (TEs) concentrations. The health risk assessment of the landfill employees was performed according to United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) methods based on TEs concentrations. The particle size distribution results demonstrated that the majority of sedimentable dust samples mass were not concentrated neither within PM2.5 neither within PM10 fraction. Analysis revealed high concentration of TEs at both landfills: an extremely high concentration of Cr and Zn in samples from Zrenjanin landfill was detected. Health risk potential of elements was as follows for both landfills: Cr > Co > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu. According to the results, maximal hazard index (HI) for landfill employees in Zrenjanin (1.97*10-1) and Novi Sad (1.13*10-1) showed that non-cancer risk was very low. For both landfill sites, cancer risk (CR) was highest for Cr (2.75*10-5 for Zrenjanin and 2.02*10-7 for Novi Sad), though still within the defined threshold for tolerable cancer risk.

Abstract In order to comply with the provisions of the normative acts in the field of air quality (STAS 12574/1987 - maximum allowed concentrations of sedimentable powders [1]), it was proposed to build a water mist dedusting facility within the coal deposit to stop the dust emissions at the source. The installation must ensure long-term operation in harsh conditions, with resistance to wear and minimal maintenance: operating time 12-14 hours/day, 365 days/year. The dedusting plant is composed of the water house, the distribution network, the fog production plants and the electricity supply plant. The process used to create the mist is based on the use of high pressure pumps. The equipment consists of fog guns equipped with high-pressure water spray nozzles and dispersion fans that are purchased fully equipped including a remote control installation; 6 spray guns were provided.

ObjectiveArtificial stone dust (ASD) contains high levels of ultrafine particles (UFP <1 µm) which penetrate deeply into the lungs. This study aimed to demonstrate the direct effect of UFP in the lungs of ASD-exposed workers on functional inflammatory and imaging parameters.Methods68 workers with up to 20 years of ASD exposure at the workplace were recruited from small enterprises throughout the country and compared with 48 non-exposed individuals. Pulmonary function test (PFT), CT, induced sputum (IS) and cytokine analyses were performed by conventional methods. The CT scans were evaluated for features indicative of silicosis in three zones of each lung. UFP were quantitated by the NanoSight LM20 system (NanoSight, Salisbury) using the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured by Luminex (R&D Systems).ResultsThirty-four patients had CT scores between 0 and 42, and 29 of them were diagnosed with silicosis. Content of the UFP retrieved from IS supernatants correlated negatively with the PFT results (total lung capacity r=−0.347, p=0.011; forced expiratory volume in 1 s r=−0.299, p=0.046; diffusion lung carbon monoxide in a single breath r=−0.425, p=0.004) and with the CT score (r=0.378, p=0.023), and with the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 (r=0.336, p=0.024), IL-6 (r=0.294, p=0.065) and TNF-α (r=0.409, p=0.007). Raw material of ASD was left to sedimentate in water for <15 min, and 50% of the floating particles were UFP. A cut-off of 8×106 UFP/mL in IS samples had a sensitivity of 77% to predict pulmonary disease.ConclusionsThis is the first demonstration of an association between UFP-related decreased PFT results, worsening of CT findings and elevation of inflammatory cytokines, which may be attributed to high-dose inhalation of UFP of ASD at the workplace.

En zone urbaine ou industrialisée, la qualité des sols est particulièrement impactée par les émissions chroniques de contaminants. Pourtant, ces écosystèmes fragiles et fondamentaux sont non renouvelables à échelle de vie humaine, et leur préservation est essentielle pour répondre aux enjeux sanitaires et environnementaux actuels. Ce travail apporte de nouveaux éléments de connaissance sur la contamination métallique de sols urbain soumis à des retombées de poussières industrielles. Il s'intéresse particulièrement à la ville de Gravelines, située en bordure nord-ouest de l'agglomération dunkerquoise (Nord, France), à proximité de plusieurs industries métallurgiques et sidérurgiques. La signature chimique et morphologique de retombées de poussières (collectées au coeur de la ville) montre que dans certaines conditions météorologiques (vents de nord-est), la proportion de particules issues de sources industrielles est supérieure à 80% (particules riches en carbone, poussières d'alumine, laitiers, oxydes de fer...). Des enrichissements significatifs en métaux, détectés dans les retombées, permettent d'identifier les éléments Cr, Ni, Mo comme principaux traceurs des activités métallurgiques. La recherche de ces métaux traceurs dans les sols conduit à une évaluation de la vulnérabilité spatiale des sols de Gravelines aux retombées de poussières. Alors que l'hypothèse d'une pollution métallique généralisée est écartée, des niveaux de contamination notables en éléments traceurs métalliques sont identifiés à proximité des industries émettrices (ceinture de végétation, jardins ouvriers et cimetière au nord-est de la ville). Les profils de concentrations établis sur ces zones traduisent, en effet, un apport atmosphérique de contaminants, notamment dans les 3 premiers centimètres du sol. L'intégration des poussières dans les matrices pédologiques est, par ailleurs, confirmée par observation en microscopie électronique d'une lame mince de sol contaminé. Sous forme mobile dans les sols, les métaux traceurs des activités industrielles peuvent être toxiques pour les organismes vivants. L'étude de leur mobilité générale dans les sols de Gravelines révèle une relative stabilité de Cr, Ni et Mo, indiquant leur faible biodisponibilité lorsqu'ils sont issus de sources industrielles. Les sols étudiés présentent des niveaux d'écotoxicité intermédiaires. Ces derniers peuvent toutefois être ponctuellement plus élevés dans les zones les plus impactées par les dépôts industriels. Bien que le degré d'écotoxicité ne puisse être directement relié aux métaux apportés par les poussières industrielles, ce travail souligne tout particulièrement la question de l'usage des sols exposés à de tels dépôts
In urban or industrialized areas, soil quality is particularly affected by chronic emissions of contaminants. Yet these fragile and fundamental ecosystems are non-renewable on a human timescale, and their preservation is essential to respond the current health and environmental challenges. This work provides new knowledge on metallic contamination of urban soils submitted to industrial dust deposition. It focuses, in particular, on the town of Gravelines, located in the Dunkerque agglomeration (Northern France) close to several metallurgical and steel industries. The chemical and morphological signature of dust fallout (collected in the city center) shows more than 80% of particles coming from industrial sources (carbon-rich particles, alumina dust, slag, iron oxides, etc.) in certain weather conditions (northeast winds). Significant metal enrichment detected in the dust fallout allows to identify the elements Cr, Ni and Mo as the main tracers of metallurgical activities. Concentrations of tracer metals in soils enables an assessment of the spatial vulnerability of Gravelines soils to dust fallout. While the hypothesis of generalized metallic pollution has been ruled out, significant levels of contamination in tracer elements were identified in the vicinity of emitting industries (in the northeast areas of the town). Concentration profiles in these areas suggest an atmospheric input of contaminants, with higher metal enrichment in the soil subsurface. The integration of dust into soil matrices is partially confirmed by electronic microscopic observations of a thin section of contaminated soil. When mobile in soils, trace metals from industrial activites can be toxic to living organisms. A study of their general mobility in Gravelines soils reveals the relative stability of Cr, Ni and Mo, indicating their low bioavailability when derived from industrial sources. Globally, the studied soils show intermediate levels of ecotoxicity. However, the latter one is punctually higher in areas most affected by industrial deposits. Although this toxicity was not directly related to the industrial dust-borne metals, this work is particularly highlights the question of the use of soils exposed to such deposits