Статті в журналах: "SECURING WATER"

1

Loftus, Alex. "Water (in)security: securing the right to water." Geographical Journal 181, no. 4 (March 26, 2014): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12079.

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2

PIA Victorian division. "Securing our water future." Australian Planner 41, no. 1 (January 2004): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2004.9982329.

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3

Cook, Michael B., and Rosseel Kevin. "Securing Improvements in Water Quality." Journal of Structured Finance 3, no. 3 (October 31, 1997): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.3.3.29.

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4

Hattingh, J., and M. Claassen. "Securing Water Quality for Life." International Journal of Water Resources Development 24, no. 3 (June 17, 2008): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620802127333.

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5

Lamm, Richard D. "Viewpoint - Securing Colorado's Water Future." Journal - American Water Works Association 77, no. 5 (May 1985): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05532.x.

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6

Zhang, Fan, Chen Zeng, Qianggong Zhang, and Tandong Yao. "Securing water quality of the Asian Water Tower." Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 3, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 611–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00347-z.

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7

Budds, Jessica. "Securing the market: Water security and the internal contradictions of Chile’s Water Code." Geoforum 113 (July 2020): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.09.027.

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8

Narula, Kapil K., and Upmanu Lall. "Challenges in Securing India's Water Future." Journal of Crop Improvement 24, no. 1 (December 14, 2009): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427520903310621.

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9

Spencer, James H. "Household Strategies for Securing Clean Water." Journal of Planning Education and Research 28, no. 2 (December 2008): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x08321793.

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10

Richter, Brian. "Water Markets: A New Tool for Securing Urban Water Supplies?" Journal - American Water Works Association 106, no. 3 (March 2014): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0047.

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11

Clark, Robert M. "Securing water and wastewater systems: global perspectives." Water and Environment Journal 28, no. 4 (January 15, 2014): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wej.12078.

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12

Schwarz, Andrew, Joanna Bate, and Sharon B. Megdal. "Securing Water for Environmental Purposes: Establishing Pilot Programs." International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 5, no. 6 (2009): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v05i06/54696.

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13

Ostfeld, Avi, and Elad Salomons. "Securing Water Distribution Systems Using Online Contamination Monitoring." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 131, no. 5 (September 2005): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2005)131:5(402).

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14

Baba, S. H., Oyas Asimi, Ishrat F. Bhat, and Irfan A. Khan. "Livelihood functions of fisher households under cold-water production environment of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India." Water Policy 24, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 432–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.216.

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Abstract This study comprehensively investigated the livelihood security scenario of fisher households employing the CARE framework with little modifications, in Kashmir, India. Primary data for this study was collected from selected fisher households, and a regression function was fitted to quantify the determinants of livelihood security. The findings revealed that fishing has been their dominant livelihood option. The landholding owned by the households was meagre enough to carry out farming or domesticate animals on commercial lines. Poor capital endowments place them at less livelihood security level; however, the respondents with diversified income have a relatively higher index value for livelihood. The regression estimates indicated that barring social and natural capital, all forms of capital have a significant role to play in securing their livelihood. Poor livelihood security, coupled with less income flow, has made their survival vulnerable to various distresses and health disorders, including the prevalence of infant and maternal mortality. Their dietary intake was undesirably less than their dietary recommendations. The COVID-19 pandemic was perceived as a shock to their livelihood security. Further, public investment, which is pertinent for the growth of the fisheries sector, has shown a discouraging trend. The study concluded with a few policy suggestions for securing the livelihood of the fisher community.

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15

Staben, N., A. Nahrstedt, and W. Merkel. "Securing safe drinking water supply under climate change conditions." Water Supply 15, no. 6 (July 6, 2015): 1334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.099.

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Water suppliers worldwide are challenged by climate variations, but so far only the qualitative change in boundary conditions has become clear but not yet the degree and impact on the water supply systems. Short-term quality changes in surface waters can, e.g. be caused by extreme rainfalls after dry periods. Longer heat periods without rain can induce middle-term quality changes in surface waters due to lacking dilution. Furthermore, unsustainable management of groundwater can lead to long-term quality changes and to water shortages, especially in times with higher water demand. Depending on the individual situation, the expected effects on the supply system differ widely, so a general adaptation strategy will not suit the individual problems. The purpose of our work is to enable water supply companies to systematically identify potential risks resulting from climate change and other external factors in a water safety plan approach, and to adapt the supply system in a most effective way by taking advantage of ongoing modernization measures and ‘no-regret’-measures. A suitable adaptation strategy should address climate change conditions as well as other external factors like changing water demand and also to take into account possible effects on every part of the supply system.

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16

Mauter, Meagan S., Dionysios D. Dionysiou, and Jae-Hong Kim. "Technology Baselines and Innovation Priorities for Securing Water Supply." ACS ES&T Engineering 2, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.2c00014.

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17

Grealy, Liam, and Kirsty Howey. "Securing supply: governing drinking water in the Northern Territory." Australian Geographer 51, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2020.1786945.

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18

Máčaj, Adam. "Securing Human Right to Water through Public Procurement in Slovakia." International and Comparative Law Review 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2020-0028.

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Summary The paper aims firstly to assess the deficiencies in access to drinking water that are present in Slovakia. Recently, the country was condemned for various violations in ensuring access to drinking water for all, whether by third parties, but also national institutions and international organizations. Drawing upon the identified failures and violations, the actions undertaken to remedy the situation are analysed, especially in order to establish whether Slovakia dispenses with its obligations under the human right to water and addresses the identified problems satisfactorily. Finally, the process of public procurement in providing drinking water is considered, having regard to its role in promptness and efficiency of addressing the unsatisfactory situation which makes Slovakia open to severe criticism from international human rights bodies.

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19

Liu, Paul, John Hinds, Doug Walters, Tom Richardson, Heather Boyle VanMeter, and Jennifer Thompson. "Recycled Water Master Planning in Los Angeles: Securing a Sustainable Water Supply through Recycling." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 8 (January 1, 2010): 8081–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798208142.

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20

Olanya, David Ross. "Land-Water-Security Nexus: Changing Geopolitics in the Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement." Middle East Law and Governance 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00901006.

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This article extends the debate on the shift in water security governance in the Nile Basin countries. Water as an object of analysis was previously embedded in a depoliticized governance framework now faces politicization in the context of food, energy and climate change. In considering land-water-security nexus, population and climate variations drive Middle East and North Africa (mena) policies for the return of the state primacy in water governance. As Egypt and Sudan maintain their dynamics of hegemony in Nile Basin countries, Gulf States however are deploying proxy water diplomacy through investment in agricultural farmlands in Nile Basin countries. Increasing number of actors alter water access and security across formal and informal domains. The Nile Basin Cooperative Agreement (cfa) remains contested between upstream and downstream riparian states as being uncoordinated water management and development policies. Incorporating market and local users beyond the state gets politicized in securing water security. In view of this, this article hence suggests that power relations are not static, but subject to the changing circumstances. Egypt’s water security would be more sustainable when it engages cfa countries in a joint coordination and development projects.

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21

Koh, Byoung-Ryoun, Young-Hun Oh, and Seung-Seop Ahn. "Basic Study for Securing Stable Water Resources in Coastal Area." Journal of Environmental Science International 23, no. 12 (December 31, 2014): 1977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2014.23.12.1977.

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22

Glennon, Robert, and Clark Taylor. "Desalination Versus Duct Tape: (Dis)Incentives to Securing Water Supplies." Journal - American Water Works Association 108 (September 1, 2016): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0118.

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23

Lowder, Morgan A., and Adam T. Carpenter. "Securing the World's Water: International Climate Negotiations and Their Impacts." Journal - American Water Works Association 108 (November 1, 2016): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0173.

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24

Krause, Andreas, Jure Leskovec, Carlos Guestrin, Jeanne VanBriesen, and Christos Faloutsos. "Efficient Sensor Placement Optimization for Securing Large Water Distribution Networks." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 134, no. 6 (November 2008): 516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2008)134:6(516).

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25

Husane, Prof Dr Mustafa Jassim, and Salwa Ghadhanfer Hikmat. "Challenges of Iraqi water security." International and Political Journal 54 (May 18, 2023): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ipj.54.3.

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The abundance of water resources is a key factor for securing stability and balance around the world, especially in arid regions. Iraq's water resources are an important part of the country’s wealth. Iraq shares its rivers, Tigers and Euphrates and their tributaries with three neighboring countries (Turkey, Iran, and Syria). These countries have been building several dams on Tigris, Euphrates, and their tributaries in order to store water for irrigation and energy production. These dams cause a severe shortage in the quality and quantity of the annual revenues of water in Iraq. The research investigates the water policy of Iraq and discusses the challenges facing this policy.

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26

Perkhach, O. "Geospatial features of the use of water resources: the world and Ukraine." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 37 (September 9, 2009): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2009.37.2394.

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The spatial aspects of the use of water resources are Examined in global and regional scales. Of a particular branch directions and regional features of the use of water resources are more in detail characterized in Ukraine. Key words: water resources, water securing, water consumptions, straight on uses of water resources

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27

Hernández, M., J. Tobella, F. Ortuño, and J. Ll Armenter. "Aquifer recharge for securing water resources: the experience in Llobregat river." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.036.

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The Llobregat Delta Aquifer has historically been a strategic water supply resource to the Barcelona metropolitan area. The use of river water combined with the exploitation of groundwater resources during dry periods has enabled the demographic and economic growth of the Barcelona area during the last fifty years. The aquifer overexploitation has entailed the decrease of groundwater level and the penetration inland of seawater intrusion. The main consequences have been the salinization of several wells and the deterioration of the groundwater quality. In this context, aquifer recharge has been practiced during nearly 40 years with the following objectives: (i) storing excess of water for times of less water availability, (ii) introducing an additional barrier for purification of water for a specific use and (iii) preventing the degradation of groundwater resources due to overexploitation or seawater intrusion. These methods, jointly with an efficient management of well extractions, have enabled to recover groundwater quality and therefore to guarantee the sustainable exploitation of such a vulnerable aquifer.

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28

Tarroja, Brian, Amir AghaKouchak, Reza Sobhani, David Feldman, Sunny Jiang, and Scott Samuelsen. "Evaluating options for Balancing the Water-Electricity Nexus in California: Part 1 – Securing Water Availability." Science of The Total Environment 497-498 (November 2014): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.060.

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29

Crawford, P. J. "From here to accountability: securing healthy rivers." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0550.

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While specifying “responsibilities” for river planning and management implies that outcomes are desired, defining “accountabilities” demands that results are achieved. This paper examines innovative ways of converting aspirations to results, with particular reference to the changes initiated in New South Wales in response to the establishment of the Healthy Rivers Commission of New South Wales and its first round of Inquiries.

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30

Rosen, Rudolph, Rabi Mohtar, Luis Cifuentes, Gwendolyn Hustvedt, Wesley Patrick, Chara Ragland, Susan Roberts, Jorge Vanegas, Cindy Wall, and James Wall. "The route to water security for Texas: the 2015–2016 Texas water roadmap forums." Texas Water Journal 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7055.

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Three forums were held between February 2015 and November 2016, bringing together Texas water experts from business, industry, government, academia, research, and the investment community in impartially facilitated sessions to determine ways to secure Texas’ water future through accelerating growth of infrastructure, technologies, research, education, and sustainable use. Consensus emerged after the first forum that Texas is approaching a water crisis reflecting matters of supply, allocation, and quality that demands immediate action to ensure water security and equitable access to this vital resource. Participant focus rested on new technology acceleration and investment, workforce education, research underway and desired by segments of the water sector, the water-energy-food nexus, outreach and public education, data management and access, water valuation, water security, and legal and regulatory frameworks. Participants also examined funding and partnership options for development of water treatment and supply infrastructure, water rights and allocation methods, aging infrastructure, and conservation, as well as the nearly ubiquitous fragmenting and compartmentalizing of just about everything having to do with water throughout the entire water sector. The forums generated and summarized a wealth of information that can be used by any party to make progress toward the goal of building a Texas water roadmap. This report summarizes the discussions and the path forward for securing Texas’ water resources. Citation: Rosen RA, Mohtar R, Cifuentes LA, Frayser S, Hustvedt G, Patrick W, Ragland C, Roberts SV, Vanegas J, Wall C, Wall J. 2017. The route to water security for Texas: the 2015–2016 Texas water roadmap forums. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):116-123. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7055.

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31

Singha, Dibalok. "Can pay, will pay — securing a slum water supply for squatters." Waterlines 15, no. 2 (October 1996): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1996.035.

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32

Dyer, F. J. "Securing water for the environment: investing in the future Australian style." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 366 (April 10, 2015): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-366-198-2015.

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33

Liquete, Camino, Joachim Maes, Alessandra La Notte, and Giovanni Bidoglio. "Securing water as a resource for society: an ecosystem services perspective." Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 11, no. 3-4 (January 2011): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10104-011-0044-1.

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34

Shang, Jianying, Qing Zhu, and Wei Zhang. "Advancing Soil Physics for Securing Food, Water, Soil and Ecosystem Services." Vadose Zone Journal 17, no. 1 (2018): 180207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.11.0207.

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35

Jung, Eunsil. "Research on Securing Water Resources through Cloud Seeding during Dry Season." Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17640/kswst.2022.30.6.75.

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36

Sithirith, Mak, Jaap Evers, and Joyeeta Gupta. "Damming the Mekong tributaries: water security and the MRC 1995 Agreement." Water Policy 18, no. 6 (May 12, 2016): 1420–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.003.

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Water security is a key governance challenge especially in relation to transboundary rivers. While the literature elaborates on the water security concept, there is very little on how to operationalize it in the transboundary context. Hence, this paper addresses the question: How can the governance of transboundary rivers be operationalized to deal with national water security concerns? It uses a literature review and a case study focusing on dams in the Mekong tributaries, namely the Sesan, part of the 3S Basin, in Vietnam and Cambodia. The paper describes the damming process in the 3S Basin and how it threatens water security for downstream states in terms of securing the flow, volume, quality, space, and the temporal variations of the rivers and the livelihoods of river dependent communities. It examines how the Mekong River Commission (MRC) members address these issues, balance their interests and secure the free flow of the Mekong River and its tributaries. It concludes that the MRC Agreement of 1995 is an inadequate mechanism to regulate the developments of hydrological infrastructure on the shared international tributaries, and that further operationalization of the concept of water security is necessary to enable the improvement of existing cooperative regulations and mechanisms.

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37

Villar Miguelez, Cristina, Victor Monzon Baeza, Raúl Parada, and Carlos Monzo. "Guidelines for Renewal and Securitization of a Critical Infrastructure Based on IoT Networks." Smart Cities 6, no. 2 (February 26, 2023): 728–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6020035.

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Global warming has increased uncertainty regarding managing traditional water supply systems. Unfortunately, there is a need for the smart management of water supply systems. This work aims to design a solution for renewing and securing critical infrastructure that supplies water and provides water purification inside the range of applications of Industry 4.0 for Smart Cities. Therefore, we analyze the renewal requirements and the applicable use cases and propose a solution based on IoT networks for critical infrastructure in the urban environment. We describe the architecture of the IoT network and the specific hardware for securing a water supply and wastewater treatment chain. In addition, the water level control process for the supply chain and the system that ensures the optimal level of chemicals for wastewater treatment are detailed. Finally, we present the guidelines for infrastructure operators to carry out this operation within Industry 4.0, constituting a development framework for future research on the design of Smart Cities.

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38

Kundu, Debasish Kumar, Aarti Gupta, Arthur P. J. Mol, and Mahbuba Nasreen. "Understanding social acceptability of arsenic-safe technologies in rural Bangladesh: a user-oriented analysis." Water Policy 18, no. 2 (August 13, 2015): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.026.

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Contamination of shallow tube well drinking water by naturally occurring arsenic is a severe societal and human health challenge in Bangladesh. Multiple technological interventions seeking to ameliorate the problem face hurdles in securing social acceptance, i.e. the willingness of users to receive and use a technology. While most papers focus on expert understanding of social acceptability, this paper analyzes how users themselves understand the factors shaping the social acceptability of safe drinking water options in rural Bangladesh. We then deploy such understanding to comparatively assess which factors users see as most important in securing social acceptance for three safe drinking water options in rural Bangladesh: the arsenic removal household (Sono) filter; the deep tube well; and an improved dug well. We draw on focus groups and semi-structured interviews with technology users in six villages across three districts to analyze how users assess the social acceptability of specific arsenic-safe technologies. Our findings highlight that factors such as availability, affordability and compatibility with existing water use practices, as understood by users, are key to securing users' acceptance of a specific arsenic-safe option. In concluding, we point to a future research agenda to analyze user-oriented social acceptability of arsenic-safe technologies in developing country contexts.

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39

Zhu, Q., and Y. Li. "Rainwater harvesting - an alternative for securing food production under climate variability." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0443.

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Food insecurity is still a challenge in some remote and mountainous areas in China. When studying the impact of climate variability on food production, we should pay even more attention to the rainfed area. This is because the larger part of agriculture is the rainfed one and climate variability has more negative impacts on the rainfed agriculture than on the irrigated one. The traditional dry farming practices based on the principle of storing as much rain in the soil as possible and making best use of soil water could not bridge the gap between the time that the crop needs water and the time that rain occurs, so its effects on enhancing food production under climate variability is limited. Combining artificial water supply from rainwater harvesting systems with the traditional dry farming practices is an innovation in water management in rainfed agriculture. Experiences in the recent two decades indicate that rainwater harvesting irrigation can well mitigate the drought caused by the climate variability and bring the rainfed agriculture to a new level.

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40

Crase, Lin, and Brian Dollery. "The Inter-Sectoral Implications of Securing Our Water Future Together: Recent Water Reforms in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 1, no. 5 (2006): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v01i05/54218.

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41

Timofeev, K. L., A. B. Lebed, and A. J. Malyutin. "Deep Treatment of Copper Plant Waste Water Streams with Water Recycling." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.937.

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Reducing the negative environmental impact and securing the efficient use of water resources are key factors in the mining-metallurgical industry. At the enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy the residual waters contaminated by a substantial amount of ions of heavy metals, sulphates and other impurities are formed. A promising way of their deep treatment consists in membrane technologies. This paper presents the results of pilot testing of ultrafiltration, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis and ion exchange technologies for purification residual waters of metallurgical enterprise of the Middle Ural. The possibility of using these technologies to achieve the final result – obtaining treated water, that meets the standards for fishery water bodies, is presented. It is reasonable to use the resulting water for the technical needs of the enterprise, which will significantly reduce the fresh water consumption and the environmental load, providing the ecological and economic benefits.

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42

Pilecka, Elżbieta, and Magdalena Moskal. "Use of anthropogenic soils in securing unstable road embankment." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.065.

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In the article the problem of anthropogenic soils from thermal treatment of waste in terms of their use in road construction is discussed. As part of the research, the basic physical and mechanical properties of the anthropogenic soils were determined. PN-S-02205: 1998, the analyzed ground material (fly ash and slag mixture) qualifies as useful for embedding into the lower layers of the embankment below the freezing zone, provided they are in dry places or are insulated from water. The next step was to model an exemplary, unstable road embankment in the MIDAS GTS NX. The results point out that the strength and physical properties of the anthropogenic soils may be used to secure unstable road embankments with simple soil and water conditions. It should be remembered that analysed anthropogenic soils should also be subjected to rigorous testing for their chemical composition. The obtained results will allow us to determine the possibilities of their use in road construction in terms of their strength properties.

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43

Dickinson, Don. "Securing Critical Control Systems in the Water Sector – Where Do I Begin?" Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 6 (January 1, 2012): 8601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811704288.

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44

Kumar, Sunil. "An overview of measures for securing water resources for irrigated crop production." Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research 10, no. 11 (2021): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2021.01040.5.

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45

Postel, Sandra L. "Securing water for people, crops, and ecosystems: New mindset and new priorities." Natural Resources Forum 27, no. 2 (April 16, 2003): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.00044.

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46

Moss, Timothy. "Divided City, Divided Infrastructures: Securing Energy and Water Services in Postwar Berlin." Journal of Urban History 35, no. 7 (November 2009): 923–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144209347742.

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47

Bandyopadhyay, Jayanta. "Securing the Himalayas as the Water Tower of Asia: An Environmental Perspective." Asia Policy 16, no. 1 (2013): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asp.2013.0042.

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Callison, Kathleen. "Securing Fluid Resources for Geothermal Projects in a World of Water Scarcity." Energies 3, no. 8 (August 23, 2010): 1485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en3081485.

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49

Galloway, Gerald, and Ralph Pentland. "Securing the Future of Ground Water Resources in the Great Lakes Basin." Ground Water 43, no. 5 (September 2005): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00071.x.

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50

Foster, Stephen, Michael Eichholz, Bertil Nlend, and Julia Gathu. "Securing the critical role of groundwater for the resilient water-supply of urban Africa." Water Policy 22, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.177.

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Анотація:

Abstract The provision of secure water-supplies for the rapidly expanding cities of sub-Saharan Africa experiencing climate-change stress will be one of the great infrastructure and environmental challenges of the next 20–50 years. Most African cities are blessed with usable groundwater, and some with the presence of major aquifers, but urban water utilities will need to take a more proactive approach to groundwater resource management and quality protection if the opportunity of a secure water supply is to be sustainably secured. Among the key policy issues that need more attention are rationalising utility groundwater use, prioritising installation of mains sewerage to reduce groundwater pollution risk, promoting enhanced groundwater recharge to improve resource sustainability, using groundwater in ‘decentralised closed-loop water-service systems’ to meet the demands of new outer urban districts, and implementing a consistent policy response to the ‘boom’ in private self-supply from waterwells. The consequences of non-action in terms of much increased exposure to water-supply crises, potentially hazardous water-supply pollution incidents, and irrational public and private investment in water-supply access are highlighted.

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