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Balagamwala, Mysbah, Haris Gazdar, and Hussain Bux Mallah. "Synergy or Trade-Off between Agricultural Growth and Nutrition Women’s Work and Care." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2015): 897–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.897-913.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the implications of women‘s work in agriculture and children‘s nutritional outcomes in Pakistan. Agricultural growth is an important element of overall economic growth and poverty reduction. It is generally presumed that growth in agriculture will also lead to better nutrition through the higher availability of nutritious foods and increased incomes for the poor. Growth, however, might also imply changes in the amount of time and effort women expend in agricultural work. This may have positive outcomes for nutrition if women have access to their own income, but might also have negative consequences if women‘s agricultural work diminishes their ability to provide nutrition-related care for themselves and their children. The cotton sector which relies very largely on women‘s labour, particularly in harvesting [Siegmann and Shaheen (2008)], can serve as a key vantage point for observing the link between women‘s agricultural work, care and nutrition outcomes in Pakistan. We first set the context for our research by discussing the problem of under nutrition in Pakistan and why agriculture can play a role in improving nutritional outcomes (Section 2). In Section 3, we introduce the concept of care as it exists in the literature the determinants of nutrition review the existing evidence on the relationship between care and women‘s agricultural work. Empirical findings from qualitative research in a cotton-growing region in Pakistan are reported in Section 4. The paper concludes in Section 5 with discussion on how growth in agriculture can be made more inclusiv
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SILVERIO, JOHN. "Committee Statement on Nutrition Corrected." Pediatrics 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.77.1.135a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To the Editor.— I have read with interest the statement of the Committee on Nutrition entitled "Nutritional Needs of Low-Birth-Weight Infants" (Pediatrics 1985;75:976-986). In the section, "Commercial Formulas for LBW Infants," reference 65, which refers to a paper showing adequate growth and metabolic stability obtained with our Preemie SMA, is erroneously given as reference 45. The other two references that refer to competitive formulas are correct. Unfortunately, this gives the wrong impression that Preemie SMA has not been shown to be associated with "adequate growth and metabolic stability."
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Fraser, Erin C., Victor J. Lieffers, Simon M. Landhäusser, and Brent R. Frey. "Soil nutrition and temperature as drivers of root suckering in trembling aspen." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In two separate studies, the suckering of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) roots was assessed in response to different daily maximum soil temperatures and in relation to available nutrients (CaSO4 and NH4NO3). In the first study, aspen root sections were incubated under high:low temperature regimes of 12:8, 14:8, 16:8, 18:8, or 20:8°C until 124 degree-days above 8°C had been reached. Daily maximum temperature did not affect the number of suckers produced per square centimetre of root surface area or per root section. However, more time was required to initiate suckers on root sections grown under the 12:8°C temperature regime compared with those grown at 20:8°C. Furthermore, when calculated from a base temperature of 5°C, the number of degree-days needed to initiate aspen suckers was not different across the temperature regimes. In the second study, CaSO4, NH4NO3, or distilled water was added to aspen root sections. While nutrients did not affect the number of suckers produced, the addition of CaSO4 or NH4NO3 significantly increased sucker dry mass. Nutrient addition appeared to stimulate sucker growth and mobilization of stored reserves to support this growth.
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Woźniak, Kinga, Patryk Hedesz, Aleksandra Żuk-Łapan, Magdalena Jung, Monika Gardian-Baj, Justyna Popczyńska, Aleksandra Doryń, et al. "Nutrition Strategies for Optimizing Performance and Health in Young Athletes." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 60 (February 14, 2024): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.60.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: The increasing participation of young individuals in sports necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between nutrition and athletic performance during the critical adolescent years. This introduction sets the stage for an exploration of the dynamic nutritional needs of young athletes, emphasizing the pivotal role of nutrition in supporting growth, energy metabolism, and overall athletic achievement.
Current State of Knowledge: The current state of knowledge encompasses an in-depth analysis of key nutritional considerations for young athletes. Examining energy and macronutrient requirements, micronutrient considerations, hydration strategies, and optimal timing of nutrition, this section synthesizes existing research to provide evidence-based guidelines. Furthermore, it addresses the unique challenges posed by different sports and the importance of tailored nutritional approaches for diverse athletic endeavors. The evolving landscape of sports nutrition is also explored, with a specific focus on the benefits and potential risks associated with protein and creatine supplementation.
Summary: In summary, this article serves as a comprehensive resource for athletes, coaches, and parents seeking to navigate the intricate intersection of nutrition and young athletes. By elucidating evidence-based strategies and addressing the potential drawbacks and risks associated with certain supplements, the article aims to empower stakeholders with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions regarding the nutritional well-being of young athletes. It underscores the importance of individualized approaches, recognizing the diversity of young athletes and advocating for adaptable nutritional strategies that contribute to both immediate performance gains and sustained health and athletic success.
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Munifa, Munifa, Juni Ramadhani, and Aldian Yusup. "Peran Keluarga Terhadap Pemenuhan Gizi Anak Usia Sekolah." Jurnal Forum Kesehatan : Media Publikasi Kesehatan Ilmiah 12, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52263/jfk.v12i1.242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract – School age is a productive age in the process of child development. Adequate nutrition is needed by children in the process of growth and development. Fulfillment of good nutrition will also have an impact on good health in children. In meeting nutritional needs, the family has an important role in determining children's nutritional behavior. Objective: to analyze the role of the family in fulfilling child nutrition. Methods: using descriptive quantitative research methods, using a cross section study research design with data collection techniques carried out using a random survey of 30 elementary school children. The method of data analysis was used to determine the relationship between the type of mother's work and the level of education with the fulfillment of child nutrition using descriptive analysis using the Chi square test (x2). Research Results: Mother's type of work has no significant effect on children's breakfast habits with a value of ρ-value = 0.369, but has a significant effect on the habit of carrying lunch with a value of ρ-value = 0.029. Meanwhile, mother's level of education has a significant relationship with breakfast habits with ρ-value = 0.024 and bringing lunch to school with ρ-value = 0.000081.
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Maxwell, L. C., T. J. Kuehl, K. Meredith, D. R. Gerstmann, and R. A. Delemos. "Total parenteral nutrition does not improve diaphragm development in premature baboons." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We hypothesized that total parenteral nutrition accelerates growth and development of diaphragm muscle (DPH) in prematurely delivered baboons (140 days gestation). For 10 days after delivery by cesarean section, we administered parenteral nutrition containing glucose, electrolytes, and water or total parenteral nutrition containing lipids, amino acids, glucose, vitamins, and electrolytes. After 10 days of care, dorsolateral and ventrolateral (VL) costal DPH were sampled for histochemically determined mean fiber area (MFA) and fiber type percentages. We determined isolated bundle isometric tension (normalized for cross-sectional area), time to peak tension, half-relaxation time, force-frequency relationship, and fatigability. Neither sex nor nutritional treatment affected contractile properties. Differences among sexes and muscle sites, but not among nutritional treatments, were observed for histochemical characteristics. In females, the VL DPH had a lower percentage of type IIo fibers and a greater MFA of type IIc fibers than the dorsolateral DPH and a lower percentage of type IIo fibers and greater MFA of type IIc and IIo fibers than the VL DPH in males. Mean fiber cross-sectional area of VL DPH was significantly greater in females than males. The larger fibers in females than males suggest a stronger DPH in females. Earlier growth of type II fibers in females could contribute to a better outcome for female than male premature infants with hyaline membrane disease.
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Pandey, Aviral. "Linkages Between Agriculture and Nutrition in Bihar." Social Change 51, no. 2 (June 2021): 180–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857211012083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite high growth, nutritional deficiencies remain a critical problem, affecting infants, children, men and women in Bihar. Although, there is an improvement in the situation of malnutrition in the state, the agenda remains incomplete. Studies show that agriculture plays an important role in the improvement of nutritional levels. Though the state government has initiated schemes related to agricultural development in the region, the prevalence of malnutrition among children, a high infant mortality rate and a high percentage of men and women with low body mass index (BMI) continue to raise serious questions about the connection between agriculture and nutrition in Bihar. Against this background, the present study seeks to identify linkages between agriculture and nutritional status in the state. The findings of this study is based on a correlation analysis and factor analysis, using cross-section data collected from secondary sources. The analysis indicates that diversification in agriculture, an improvement in women’s literacy levels and women’s access to household resources has had a significant impact on the nutritional situation in Bihar.
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Saaka, Mahama, and Addae Yaw Hammond. "Caesarean Section Delivery and Risk of Poor Childhood Growth." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (May 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6432754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Though emerging evidence indicates caesarean section (CS) brings about late initiation of breastfeeding, early cessation of breastfeeding, and a higher risk of developing obesity, little is documented on the association between CS birth and stunted growth. This study assessed caesarean section delivery and the risk of poor postnatal childhood growth. Methods. A retrospective cohort study design was used to collect the requisite data on a sample of 528 mothers having children between the ages of 6 to 24 months. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results. After controlling for potential confounding factors, linear growth as measured by height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) was significantly higher by 0.121 standard units in children born through normal vaginal delivery, compared to their counterparts born through caesarean section (beta coefficients (β) = 0.121, p=0.002). The mode of delivery also had a statistically significant impact on infant feeding practices. Whereas 70.4% of babies delivered via vagina initiated breastfeeding within one hour of delivery, only 52.7% of babies born through CS did the same. Vaginally delivered babies were 2.1 times more likely to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of delivery ((Crude odds ratio (COR) = 2.13, p<0.001). Compared to CS babies, vaginally delivered babies were 3.2 times more likely not to have been fed with prelacteal feeds such as water and sugar solutions. Vagina delivered babies were 1.8 times more likely to receive adequate neonatal feeding than their counterparts who were delivered through CS (COR = 1.76, p=0.003). Conclusions. This study has found an association between CS delivery and stunting, an adverse outcome that clinicians and patients should weigh when considering in particular elective CS that seeks to avoid the pain associated with a vaginal birth.
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Sales, Francisco, Oscar Peralta, Eileen Narbona, Sue McCoard, Mónica De los Reyes, Antonio González-Bulnes, and Víctor Parraguez. "Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Reduced Fetal Growth in Twin and Undernourished Sheep Pregnancies." Animals 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8110217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low birth weight has profound implications for perinatal mortality and morbidity in lambs, causing higher mortality and lower growth potential. Low birth weight, as a consequence of fetal growth restriction, occurs in undernourished and multiple pregnancies, where hypoxia and oxidative stress could play a critical role. Our aim was to establish the effects of nutritional deprivation and pregnancy rank on fetal growth, oxygenation, and oxidative status in sheep pregnancies under extensive Patagonian conditions. At 30 days after mating, single- and twin-bearing ewes were offered only natural pasture (undernutrition group) or natural pasture plus concentrate supplementation (well-nourished group). At day 140 of gestation, blood gases and redox status were evaluated in venous cord blood, and fetal biometric characteristics were obtained after cesarean section. Both maternal undernutrition and twinning led to decreased oxygen supply to the fetuses (p = 0.016 and p = 0.050, respectively), which was associated with decreased intrauterine growth (r = 0.446, p < 0.01). Moreover, twinning increased oxidative stress in cord blood (p < 0.05), which might also contribute to fetal growth restriction. These results reinforce the importance of maternal nutrition, especially for those ewes bearing multiples, and opens new possibilities for nutritional or antioxidant interventions for preventing fetal hypoxia and oxidative stress.
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González, Sonia, Marta Selma-Royo, Silvia Arboleya, Cecilia Martínez-Costa, Gonzalo Solís, Marta Suárez, Nuria Fernández, et al. "Levels of Predominant Intestinal Microorganisms in 1 Month-Old Full-Term Babies and Weight Gain during the First Year of Life." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The early life gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in neonatal weight gain and later infant growth. Therefore, this early microbiota may constitute a target for the promotion of healthy neonatal growth and development with potential consequences for later life. Unfortunately, we are still far from understanding the association between neonatal microbiota and weight gain and growth. In this context, we evaluated the relationship between early microbiota and weight in a cohort of full-term infants. The absolute levels of specific fecal microorganisms were determined in 88 vaginally delivered and 36 C-section-delivered full-term newborns at 1 month of age and their growth up to 12 months of age. We observed statistically significant associations between the levels of some early life gut microbes and infant weight gain during the first year of life. Classifying the infants into tertiles according to their Staphylococcus levels at 1 month of age allowed us to observe a significantly lower weight at 12 months of life in the C-section-delivered infants from the highest tertile. Univariate and multivariate models pointed out associations between the levels of some fecal microorganisms at 1 month of age and weight gain at 6 and 12 months. Interestingly, these associations were different in vaginally and C-section-delivered babies. A significant direct association between Staphylococcus and weight gain at 1 month of life was observed in vaginally delivered babies, whereas in C-section-delivered infants, lower Bacteroides levels at 1 month were associated with higher later weight gain (at 6 and 12 months). Our results indicate an association between the gut microbiota and weight gain in early life and highlight potential microbial predictors for later weight gain.
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Moreno-Fernandez, Jorge, Julio J. Ochoa, Magdalena Lopez-Frias, and Javier Diaz-Castro. "Impact of Early Nutrition, Physical Activity and Sleep on the Fetal Programming of Disease in the Pregnancy: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 20, 2020): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123900.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Early programming is the adaptation process by which nutrition and environmental factors alter development pathways during prenatal growth, inducing changes in postnatal metabolism and diseases. The aim of this narrative review, is evaluating the current knowledge in the scientific literature on the effects of nutrition, environmental factors, physical activity and sleep on development pathways. If in utero adaptations were incorrect, this would cause a mismatch between prenatal programming and adulthood. Adequate caloric intake, protein, mineral, vitamin, and long-chain fatty acids, have been noted for their relevance in the offspring brain functions and behavior. Fetus undernutrition/malnutrition causes a delay in growth and have detrimental effects on the development and subsequent functioning of the organs. Pregnancy is a particularly vulnerable period for the development of food preferences and for modifications in the emotional response. Maternal obesity increases the risk of developing perinatal complications and delivery by cesarean section and has long-term implications in the development of metabolic diseases. Physical exercise during pregnancy contributes to overall improved health post-partum. It is also interesting to highlight the relevance of sleep problems during pregnancy, which influence adequate growth and fetal development. Taking into account these considerations, we conclude that nutrition and metabolic factors during early life play a key role of health promotion and public health nutrition programs worldwide to improve the health of the offspring and the health costs of hospitalization.
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Sharma, A., K. Sharma, and KP Mathur. "Growth pattern and prevalence of obesity in affluent schoolchildren of Delhi." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 5 (May 2007): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007223894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of obesity in affluent schoolchildren of Delhi.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study covering over 4000 students. Anthropometric measurements and birth weights of all the students were recorded.Setting and subjectsThe study was carried out in a school catering to the affluent section of Indian society and included both boys and girls in the age range 4 to 17 years.ResultsThe heights and weights of the children were almost similar to those of the National Center for Health Statistics standards, and were much above the values reported by the Indian National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau, which largely captures rural children belonging to lower socio-economic strata in India. Of the subjects studied, 22% were overweight and 6% were obese. Only 6% of these children had low birth weight.ConclusionThe prevalence of obesity is rising among children because of their change in lifestyle. Children born with a birth weight of ≥ 3 kg tended to have higher body mass index in their adolescent years and maybe consequently in their adult years. Nutrition education can play an important part in reducing the incidence of overweight/obesity and its associated complications.
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Jain, Manish, Jagdish Singh Bhati, Mayank Jain, Vinod Kumar, Kapil Garg, and Pankaj Kumar Gupta. "Nutritional status of children under five year of age: a cross sectional study in rural area of Jhalawar, Rajasthan." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3321. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193448.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Adequate nutrition is essential in early childhood to ensure healthy growth and development, proper organ functions and a strong immunity. Accurate assessment of nutritional status of children is a requisite in appropriate planning and effective implementation of nutrition interventions. The objective of this study is to assess nutritional status of children under five year of age in rural area and to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with under nutrition.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among children aged six months to five years in rural area of Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Nutritional status of the children was assessed by measurement of mid upper arm circumference and information like birth order of children, birth weight and number of siblings was collected using a pre-coded and semi structured questionnaire.Results: Moderate under-nutrition was present in 16.8% children. Under-nutrition was present among 9.9% male and 24.2% female children. 38.1% children with birth weight less than 2.5 kg were under-nourished. Proportion of under-nutrition was 27.7% among children with number of siblings more than 2 while it was only 11.1% among those with 2 or less number of siblings.Conclusions: Gender, number of siblings and birth weight of children were significantly associated with nutrition status of children.
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Sukriani, Wahidah, Itma Annah, Herlinadiyaningsih Herlinadiyaningsih, and Siti Hapsah Pahira. "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Jajan Sembarangan pada Anak di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Tengket 1 Kabupaten Bangkalan." Jurnal Forum Kesehatan : Media Publikasi Kesehatan Ilmiah 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52263/jfk.v11i2.228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract – Maintaining health from an early age is important to do. Nutrition has an important role in the growth and development of a child. The habit of eating snacks at school is a habit that almost all students do at school. However, the importance of children's snacks at school is not supported by the nutritional content in the food consumed by students. Objective: to find out the factors that influence the habit of random snacks in children. Methods: This research method uses descriptive quantitative research methods, using a cross section study research design with data collection techniques carried out using a random survey of 20 elementary school children. Results: (1) The breakfast variable has a positive and insignificant relationship, (2) the variable knowledge of nutrition in food and (3) bringing supplies to school has a negative and significant relationship to the decision to consume random snacks, (4) the influence of variables X1, X2 , and X3 to Y of 42.32% while 57.68% is influenced by other variables outside the model. Conclusion: The variables of knowledge (X2) and carrying provisions (X3) have a significant influence on reducing students' decisions to consume random snacks at school.
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Begum, A., KN Sharmin, MA Hossain, N. Yeasmin, and T. Ahmed. "Nutritional status of adolescent girls in a rural area of Bangladesh: A cross sectional study." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 52, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v52i3.34158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The improvement of adolescent nutritional status may help address the reduction of all forms of malnutrition in Bangladesh. This is because at this stage, they experience a growth spurt thus increasing the need for most nutrients, needed for growth and reproductive health. The objective of this research was to assess the nutritional status of adolescent girls in rural areas of Bangladesh and find out the associated factors that affects nutritional status. A cross sectional study was carried out among 106 adolescent girls of Nobabpur village in Comilla district. A questionnaire was developed to obtain demographic information, food intake pattern and anthropometric measures such as weight, height with measuring instruments. About 80% were found normal according to BMI where about 13% adolescent girls were malnourished, below the cut off value 18.5. Place of residence, education of adolescent girls, their family expenditure to food and improper knowledge on food and nutrition were identified as underlying causes. Nutritional profiles of adolescent girl can be improved by implementing effective nutrition education program, providing supplementary food, facilitating primary health care program and creating awareness about nutritional knowledge. Severely malnourished adolescent girl in the selected area should be identified as early as possible and brought under supplementary feeding program.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(3), 221-228, 2017
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Pavithran, Sreeshma, and D. D. Bant. "Nutritional status of adolescent school girls residing in rural areas of Dharwad district, India: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 7 (June 22, 2018): 2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182417.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Adolescence is a period with rapid growth drive and demands higher nutrition. Improving Nutritional status of rural adolescent girls becomes the cornerstone of community’s nutritional status and target intervention for breaking intergeneration cycle of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of the study was to determine nutritional status and study the demographic factors affecting nutritional status of rural adolescent girls in Dharwad district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 350 adolescent school girls studying in eight high schools in rural area of Dharwad district during July – September 2017. Demographic profile and dietary pattern was obtained. Anthropometric measurement and clinical examination was done. Statistical analysis was done using SSPS package.Results: Study found 14.9% of rural adolescent girls were under- weight for their age. Based on BMI, 25.2% of girls were under-nourished and 3.7% were over nourished. Significant relation with age, type of diet and age of menarche was found at p value <0.05.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of under nutrition among adolescent girls and is under nutrition is associated with micronutrient deficiencies like anaemia. There is need to create awareness to improve the nutritional needs of adolescent girls in rural areas.
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Zhai, Jiawei, Bin Luo, Aixue Li, Hongtu Dong, Xiaotong Jin, and Xiaodong Wang. "Unlocking All-Solid Ion Selective Electrodes: Prospects in Crop Detection." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 5541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviews the development of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ASSISEs) for agricultural crop detection. Both nutrient ions and heavy metal ions inside and outside the plant have a significant influence on crop growth. This review begins with the detection principle of ASSISEs. The second section introduces the key characteristics of ASSISE and demonstrates its feasibility in crop detection based on previous research. The third section considers the development of ASSISEs in the detection of corps internally and externally (e.g., crop nutrition, heavy metal pollution, soil salinization, N enrichment, and sensor miniaturization, etc.) and discusses the interference of the test environment. The suggestions and conclusions discussed in this paper may provide the foundation for additional research into ion detection for crops.
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Habib, Mohammad Asadul, Mohammad Rahanur Alam, Tanjina Rahman, Akibul Islam Chowdhury, and Lincon Chandra Shill. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nutrition among school teachers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 24, 2023): e0283530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Teachers play a pivotal role in imparting nutritional knowledge to their students. This research aimed to evaluate the nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of selected Bangladeshi school teachers across the country. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using a multistage sampling method. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and ANOVA tests, were performed to carry out the study. Results Among the 280 participants, only 9.9% were happy with their understanding of childhood nutrition requirements, around 54.2% were familiar with basic nutrition-related knowledge, and overall, 97.7% of participants had a positive attitude towards learning about nutrition-related knowledge focusing on the well-being of children. Moreover, only 38.7% had training in pediatric nutrition. Age, type of school, type of residence, professional training of school teachers, and the intent of having ever taken part or paying attention to nutrition-related knowledge significantly impacted the respondents’ nutrition knowledge score (p<0.05). Conclusion Adequate planning and intervention measures should be developed to improve teachers’ understanding, behavior, and practice that encourage the growth of optimal nutrition-related behavior among school-aged children to establish a healthy nation.
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Shafwan, Shafwan, Hari Kusnanto, and Anis Fuad. "Pengelolaam data dan informasi status gizi balita dan pengambilan keputusan program gizi di puskesmas se-Kabupaten Majene." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Improved nutritional status is needed throughout the life cycle including children under five. Of age in formulating suitable policies for nutrition improvement program, decision makers require relevant information about nutritional status of the community. The implementation of health information system at District of Majene is not yet optimum. There are some problems such as inaccurate data, inconsistent or unreliable data, delay in data reporting, and processing and presentation of data are rarely made, reporting is done as routine disregarding data quality, there is no feedback from the health office and so on. Decentralization has offered an opportunity for the health center to make its own policy in optimizing nutrition improvement program. However, health centers at District of Majene have never made decisions based on evidence.Objective: The study aimed to get an overview of data and information management of nutritional status of children under five comprising availability, processing, presentation of data, and the decision making of nutrition program at the health centers of District of Majene.Method: This was a descriptive case study with qualitative method. Subjects of the study were nutrition staff of the health centers, head of health centers, and head of nutrition section of district health office with health centers and head of health office as analysis units. Data were obtained through indepth interview, focus group discussion, questionnaire, observation, and documentation.Results: Data and information on nutritional status of children under five years of age were available in all health centers; however format of reporting was unavailable. Data in LB3 accurate, in FIII/gizi and SKDN were inaccurate because there was data manipulation and cadres had limited skills. Data were not valid because there was no signature of head of the health center in the report. Data in FIII/gizi and SKDN reliable, in LB3 not reliable because there was no coordination among staff. Data in SKDN were completed, in FIII/gizi and LB3 incomplete because some of the forms were blank. Data were not provided timely due to less commited cadres, geographical factors, and lack of pressure from the health office. Data were accessible because staff were active in maintaining records. Data were processed manually and presented in the form of narratives, tables and graphs. Decisions made were socialization, counseling, growth monitoring and comple- mentary breastfeeding distribution monitoring. However, they were not based on data so that reports were only made as routine activities.Conclusion: Data and information on nutritional status of children under five years of age were available at the health centers with quality data in every format of reporting of various kinds. Data and information were processed manually and presented in the form of narratives, tables, and graphs. Decisions made were socialization, counseling, growth monitoring, and complementary breastfeeding distribution monitoring. Decisions made were not based on data available.
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Mapulanga, Miriam, and Dai Moyo. "Factors influencing guardians in children attendance of Growth Monitoring Promotion from 36 to 59 months in Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 46, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.46.2.502.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Growth Monitoring has been promoted as one of the key components of community nutrition programmes since the early 1980s and has revealed positive impacts on child growth outcomes by assessing growth allows capturing growth faltering before the child reaches the status of under-nutrition. But indicators reveal that the attendance of children for growth monitoring and promotion between 36 to 59 months is low in Zambia.This study therefore aimed at assessing the factors influencing guardians in children attendance of Growth Monitoring Promotion from 36 to 59 months in Zambia.
Methods: A study employing both quantitative and qualitative cross section study was conducted to assess the factors influencing guardians in children attendance of Growth Monitoring Promotion from 36 to 59 months in Zambia. The study was done in Kabwe district, Zambia. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed for data collection. 110 guardians were interviewed from 10 health facilities.
Results: The mean age was 45.7(SD 7.91) years) Most of the participants were below the age of 35 years (95%). The majority of the participants had attained secondary school education (62%). Most of them were married (87%).The study found that peers association, access and providers attitudes to the health facility and providers influenced guardians in the children attendance of growth monitoring and promotion from 36-59 months.
Conclusion: The study results show that demographic factors including guardians' education, marital status and age influences continued attendance for children in growth monitoring and promotion. Peer associations, access to the health facility f and the providers' attitudes influences guardians in health seeking behaviours in the continued attendance of children for growth monitoring and promotion.
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Moyo, Dai, and Miriam Mapulanga. "Factors influencing guardians in children attendance of Growth Monitoring Promotion from 36 to 59 months in Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 46, no. 2 (August 17, 2019): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.46.2.105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Growth Monitoring has been promoted as one of the key components of community nutrition programmes since the early 1980s and has revealed positive impacts on child growth outcomes by assessing growth allows capturing growth faltering before the child reaches the status of under-nutrition. But indicators reveal that the attendance of children for growth monitoring and promotion between 36 to 59 months is low in Zambia.This study therefore aimed at assessing the factors influencing guardians in children attendance of Growth Monitoring Promotion from 36 to 59 months in Zambia.
Methods: A study employing both quantitative and qualitative cross section study was conducted to assess the factors influencing guardians in children attendance of Growth Monitoring Promotion from 36 to 59 months in Zambia. The study was done in Kabwe district, Zambia. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed for data collection. 110 guardians were interviewed from 10 health facilities.
Results: The mean age was 45.7(SD 7.91) years) Most of the participants were below the age of 35 years (95%). The majority of the participants had attained secondary school education (62%). Most of them were married (87%).The study found that peers association, access and providers attitudes to the health facility and providers influenced guardians in the children attendance of growth monitoring and promotion from 36-59 months.
Conclusion: The study results show that demographic factors including guardians' education, marital status and age influences continued attendance for children in growth monitoring and promotion. Peer associations, access to the health facility f and the providers' attitudes influences guardians in health seeking behaviours in the continued attendance of children for growth monitoring and promotion.
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Puri, Vivek, Manju Nagpal, Inderbir Singh, Manjinder Singh, Gitika Arora Dhingra, Kampanart Huanbutta, Divya Dheer, Ameya Sharma, and Tanikan Sangnim. "A Comprehensive Review on Nutraceuticals: Therapy Support and Formulation Challenges." Nutrients 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 4637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14214637.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutraceuticals are the nourishing components (hybrid of nutrition and pharmaceuticals) that are biologically active and possess capability for maintaining optimal health and benefits. These products play a significant role in human health care and its endurance, most importantly for the future therapeutic development. Nutraceuticals have received recognition due to their nutritional benefits along with therapeutic effects and safety profile. Nutraceuticals are globally growing in the field of services such as health care promotion, disease reduction, etc. Various drug nutraceutical interactions have also been elaborated with various examples in this review. Several patents on nutraceuticals in agricultural applications and in various diseases have been stated in the last section of review, which confirms the exponential growth of nutraceuticals’ market value. Nutraceuticals have been used not only for nutrition but also as a support therapy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as to reduce side effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Diverse novel nanoformulation approaches tend to overcome challenges involved in formulation development of nutraceuticals. Prior information on various interactions with drugs may help in preventing any deleterious effects of nutraceuticals products. Nanotechnology also leads to the generation of micronized dietary products and other nutraceutical supplements with improved health benefits. In this review article, the latest key findings (clinical studies) on nutraceuticals that show the therapeutic action of nutraceutical’s bioactive molecules on various diseases have also been discussed.
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Roemmich, James N., and Wayne E. Sinning. "Weight loss and wrestling training: effects on nutrition, growth, maturation, body composition, and strength." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.6.1751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Roemmich, James N., and Wayne E. Sinning. Weight loss and wrestling training: effects on nutrition, growth, maturation, body composition, and strength. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6): 1751–1759, 1997.—Adolescent wrestlers ( n = 9, 15.4 yr) and recreationally active control adolescent males ( n = 7, 15.7 yr) were measured before, at the end (late season), and 3.5–4 mo after a wrestling season to assess the influence of dietary restriction on growth, maturation, body composition, protein nutrition, and muscular strength. Controls consumed adequate amounts of energy, carbohydrate (CHO), protein, and fat, and demonstrated normal gains in weight, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Wrestlers consumed a high-CHO (61 ± 2% kcal), low-fat (24 ± 2% kcal) diet during the season but did not consume adequate energy (24.7 ± 3.5 kcal ⋅ kg−1⋅ day−1) or protein (0.9 g ⋅ kg−1⋅ day−1). Deficient dietary intake reduced prealbumin levels (26.0 ± 1.9 vs. 20.2 ± 0.9 mg/dl) and slowed the accrual of lean arm and thigh cross-sectional muscle areas (AXSECT, TXSECT, respectively). For wrestlers, dietary deficiency also decreased weight (60.3 ± 3.5 to 58.0 ± 3.3 kg), relative fat (9.9 ± 0.5 to 8.0 ± 0.7%), and FM (6.0 ± 0.5 to 4.7 ± 0.6 kg). Postseason, wrestlers and controls consumed similar diets, and wrestlers had significant increases in prealbumin, AXSECT, and TXSECT. Wrestlers also increased their weight (6.1 ± 0.6 kg), FFM (3.0 ± 0.6 kg), and FM (3.2 ± 0.5 kg) postseason. Rates of bone maturation and segmental growth were not different between the groups. The wrestlers had reductions in elbow and knee strength from preseason to late season but increases postseason. Lean tissue changes were associated with the changes in strength and power ( r = 0.72–0.91, P < 0.001). After covariance for FFM or limb-specific cross section, few significant changes remained. In conclusion, dietary restriction reduced protein nutrition and muscular performance but produced little effect on linear growth and maturation. Prealbumin levels and the rate of lean tissue accrual were positively related ( r = 0.43, P ≤ 0.05).
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Bardosono, Saptawati, and Dian Novita Chandra. "Benefit of synbiotic intervention in Caesarean section born infants and children: A nutritional perspective." World Nutrition Journal 4, no. 1-2 (October 1, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v04.s2.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The benefit to have infants being delivered physiologically through vagina is amongst others to get maternal microbes transmission that will affect host immunity and metabolic development. However this mode of delivery is not always the choice to infants for several reasons. Therefore, it raises questions whether there is a need to give specific intervention to the caesarean section (C-section) born infants and children for their optimal growth and development, i.e. provision of nutrients with or without pre-, pro- or synbiotics. Nutritional intervention is certainly important to support growth and development of all children, especially those born by C-section. However, in addition, to anticipate perturbation in the gut microbiota there is a need to prepare the C-section born infant through translocation from the mother’s intestinal microbiota, early initiation of breastfeeding and/or synbiotic supplementation formula. The superiority of synbiotic compare to prebiotic or probiotic alone is that synbiotic thought to have synergistic beneficial effects on the immune and metabolic systems in which it compensates the delayed Bifidobacterium colonization in C-section delivered infants and modulates the production of acetate and the acidification of the gut. However we still need to find consistent evidence & recommendation in the world on synbiotic for children in general and specifically for the C-section born infant & children that may have an impact on healthy young children’s gut microbiota.
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BIGIO, Juliana Zoboli Del, Mário Cícero FALCÃO, and Ana Cristina Aoun TANNURI. "GROWTH ANALYSIS OF PRETERM NEWBORNS WITH GASTROSCHISIS DURING HOSPITALIZATION IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 58, no. 4 (October 2021): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-90.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis, especially complex type, prematurity and low birth weight are associated with a worse clinical outcome with higher mortality, higher incidence of sepsis and catheter-related infection, cholestasis, short bowel syndrome, greater number of days to achieve full diet, longer time of parenteral nutrition and longer hospitalization time. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth of preterm newborns with gastroschisis during their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: Descriptive study, based on a retrospective cohort (January 2012 to December 2018), including preterm newborns (gestational age less than 37 weeks) with simple and complex gastroschisis admitted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. The following parameters were analyzed: maternal age, parity, type of delivery, birth weight, gender, gestational age, nutritional adequacy, type of gastroschisis, fasting time, parenteral nutrition time, time until achieving full enteral nutrition, hospitalization time, weight gain and outcome. The results were expressed in percentage, average, and median. RESULTS: A total of 101 newborns with gastroschisis were admitted, of which 59.4% were premature (80.7% of late preterm infants). From the maternal data, the mean age was 21.2 years and 68.3% were primiparous. Regarding childbirth: 80% were cesarean sections. From newborns: the average birth weight was 2137 g, 56.6% were female, the average gestational age was 34.8 weeks, the average weight gain was 20.8 g/day during hospitalization and 83.3% were discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSION: The growth analysis by weight gain (grams/day) during hospitalization in the intensive care unit showed that more than 90% of the sample presented acceptable or adequate weight gain.
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Sekartini, Rini, and Levina Chandra Khoe. "Caesarean delivery mode and its impact on children’s growth and cognitive development." World Nutrition Journal 4, no. 1-2 (October 1, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v04.s2.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an increasing concern on the potential risk of Caesarean birth on child health outcomes. This study aims to present the current available evidences on the effect of Caesarean section on child’s growth and development. Literature searching were done on several online databases to identify articles which discussed the effect of Caesarean birth on child’s body weight, length, nutritional status, cognitive development, memory, learning ability, and intelligence quotient. Several studies showed positive association between Caesarean and risk of overweight and obesity in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. While, there has not been sufficient evidences to confirm the association between C-section and child’s cognitive outcomes.
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Lezón, Christian E., María I. Olivera, Clarisa Bozzini, Patricia Mandalunis, Rosa M. Alippi та Patricia M. Boyer. "Improved bone status by the β-blocker propranolol in an animal model of nutritional growth retardation". British Journal of Nutrition 101, № 11 (27 жовтня 2008): 1616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711450811145x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the present research was to study if the β-blocker propranolol, which is known to increase bone mass, could reverse the adverse skeletal effects of mild chronic food restriction in weanling rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, control+propranolol (CP), nutritional growth retardation (NGR) and nutritional growth retardation+propranolol (NGRP). Control and CP rats were fed freely with the standard diet. NGR and NGRP rats received, for 4 weeks, 80 % of the amount of food consumed by the control and CP rats, respectively. Results were expressed as mean values and sem. Food restriction induced detrimental effects on body and femur weight and length (P < 0·05) and bone structural and geometrical properties (P < 0·001), confirming results previously shown in our laboratory. However, the β-blocker overcame the deleterious effect of nutritional stress on load-bearing capacity, yielding load, bone stiffness, cross-sectional cortical bone area and second moment of inertia of the cross-section in relation to the horizontal axis without affecting anthropometric, histomorphometric and bone morphometric parameters. The results suggest that propranolol administration to mildly chronically undernourished rats markedly attenuates the impaired bone status in this animal model of growth retardation.
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Kumar, Dinesh, Nishant Saxena, Suyesh Srivastava, and Manjunathachar Haranahally Vasanthachar. "Nutrition status and associated factors among tribal preschool children of 2-5 years in five districts: a cross-sectional study from three states of India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2024): 1973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: To report the nutrition status in preschool children by 2-5 years of age among tribal children from five districts of India. Methods: Community based cross sectional study of 204 tribal households having a child aged 2-5 year from five Indian districts with a considerable proportion of the tribal population. Socio-demographic details, and nutrition status by anthropometric measurements of children were collected from mothers. The age, sex, height and weight data of children were analysed according to WHO child growth, 2006 criteria to estimate the nutritional status. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associated factors. Results: Only 56% preschool children (2-5 years) were having normal nutrition among the tribal children; 44% preschool children were found to be malnutrition. Of them, 27.9% (29.2% boys and 26.8% girls) were severely underweight (<-3SD), and 15.7% (13.5% boys and 17.6% girls) were underweight (-3SD to -2SD). The age-appropriate nutrition was unsatisfactory due to delay in breast feeding, nuclear family, child birth at home, mother education and non-availability of milk giving animal were the main reasons for malnutrition. Extended family, higher education of mothers and head of the household, hospital birth and breastfeeding immediately were significantly associated with normal nutrition. Conclusions: A relatively low proportion of children were normal nutrition among the tribal population. Socio-economic factors, mainly the parental education, extended family were significantly associated with a child being normal nutrition. Improving the socio-economic status is crucial, and there is a need to improve the nutrition coverage in tribal areas.
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Inzamam Khalil, Muhammad, Khuday-E. Noor, Muhammad Irtizae, Luqman Nasir Idrees, Abdullah Asad, Anum Hussain Bibi, Amna Ahmad, Naima Irfan, and Zille Huma Mustehsan. "Assessment of Nutritional Status in Children Attending Government Schools in Islamabad, A Cross Sectional Survey." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 29, 2022): 1045–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Child malnutrition is a major public health problem in most low income communities leading to high morbidity and mortality. According to National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan, 43% of children are stunted and 15% are wasted. Aim: To assess the nutritional status of the children attending the government schools in Islamabad. Methodology: A Descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out on school going children 6-12 years of age (1st -5th grade) attending Islamabad Model School for Boys F.11/1, Islamabad. Sample Size of 80 was obtained by using Simple Random sampling. Data collection tools, weighing machine, height measuring tape, calculator and a questionnaire form containing socio-demographic data of a child (age, gender, height, weight, socioeconomic group etc.), BMI for age percentile growth chart and height age growth chart. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software version 23. Conclusion: Shorter heights of children may mask their poor nutritional status and deem them, to be healthy on a BMI scale. Economic, political and social changes should be made with special focus on mothers’ education to improve the nutritional status of children. Keywords: BMI, Nutritional status, Government schools, socio-economic status
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Shah, Rabia Ahmad, Anjum B. Fazili, Rohul Jabeen Shah, and Uroosa Farooq Allaq Band. "A cross sectional study to assess the nutritional status of under five children in block Hajin of Kashmir valley." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Nutrition can be defined as the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health. Proper nutrition can help us improve our health, prevent certain diseases, achieve and maintain a desirable weight and maintain our energy and vitality. Malnutrition is a broad term commonly used as an alternative to under nutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight) but technically it also refers to over nutrition (overweight and obesity). Nutrition is particularly important in early childhood when growth is most rapid. Assessment of nutritional status of under-5 children in block Hajin and to identify the factors associated with malnutrition in these under-fives. Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study, conducted in health block Hajin on a random sample of 403 under five children using multistage sampling technique based on probability proportionate to size (PPS). Results: depicts that most of the children belonged to age group 25-60 months (45.9%), there was female preponderance (54.1%) among the study subjects. Most of the study subjects were having birth order first (40.9%). Majority of the study population were having birth interval between 2 to 3 years (40.8%). Conclusions: From the study it is concluded that prevalence of different forms of malnutrition was comparatively lower as compared to national data. Malnutrition was more in infants, female gender, under-fives belonging to nuclear families, having illiterate mothers and those belonging to lower socioeconomic status.
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ALIAH, NUR FILZAH. "Energy Dense Feeding in Premature Infants and Its’ Associated Outcomes." Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2024-2201-06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
COVID-19 infection in pregnant mothers is associated with higher risk of intrauterine growth retardation and premature births. Very low birth weight infants are more susceptible to neurodevelopmental and chronic respiratory problems. An infant delivered at 33 weeks via caesarean section to a COVID-19 Stage 5A positive mother, weighing 1.43kg at birth. She was kept nil by mouth with parenteral nutrition (PN) support since day five of life until referred to dietitian on day 22 of life for enteral nutrition (EN) establishment. Feeding was administered intermittently via oro-gastric Ryle’s Tube. She was kept under non-invasive ventilation (NIV) mode and had difficulty in weaning from ventilation, leading to slow feeding progress. Initially, enteral trophic feeding was administered using premature infant formula fortified with modular products. In the later stage of feeding, modular products were tapered off and the formula was concentrated. Frequency of bowel output when using fortified formula is lesser compared to when using concentrated and supplemented formula. There is no significant difference in renal profile observed in both stages of feeding. Increasing energy intake using easily digestible sources is preferable as opposed to concentrating feeds even further due to concerns about osmolality and excess administration of other solutes. Intermittent bolus feeding mode may have an effect on dependency on oxygen since intermittent feeds can decrease tidal volume, minute ventilation and dynamic compliance. Additional research is necessary to establish optimal caloric density and nutritional compositions of feedings, feeding mechanisms and its’ effect on feeding tolerance.
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Li, Jian-Hui, Fang Wang, Jin-Wei Li, Rui-Biao Zou, and Gui-Ping Liao. "Multifractal methods for rapeseed nitrogen nutrition qualitative diagnosis modeling." International Journal of Biomathematics 09, no. 04 (April 22, 2016): 1650064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524516500649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutrition diagnosis plays a key role in the crop’s growth, which has mainly been carried out in the field by agricultural workers. Currently, automatic nutrition recognition technologies have been widely used in this field. A procedure is proposed in this paper to diagnose nitrogen nutrition non-destructively for rapeseed qualitatively based on the multifractal theory. Twelve texture parameters are given by the method of multifractal detrended fluctuation (MF-DFA), which contains six generalized Hurst exponents and six relative multifractal parameters that are used as features of the rapeseed leaf images for identifying the two nitrogen levels, namely, the [Formula: see text]-mezzo and the [Formula: see text]-wane. For the base leaves, central leaves and top leaves of the rapeseed plant and the three-section mixed samples, three parameters combinations are selected to conduct the work. Five classifiers of Fisher’s linear discriminant algorithm (LDA), extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector machine and kernel method (SVMKM), random decision forests (RF) and [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) are employed to calculate the diagnosis accuracy. An interesting finding is that the best diagnose accuracy is from the base leaves of the rapeseed plant. It is explained that the base leaf is the most sensitive to the nitrogen deficiency. The diagnose effect by the base leaves samples is outshining the existing result significantly for the same leaves samples. For the mixed samples, the averaged discriminant accuracy reaches 97.12% and 97.56% by SVMKM and RF methods with the [Formula: see text]-fold cross-validation respectively. The resulting high accuracy on [Formula: see text]-levels identification shows the feasibility and efficiency of our method.
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Yususf, Mukhtar, and Rini Susanti. "The Effect Of MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) And Origin Of Stem Cutting On Growth Moringa Olifera (Moringa) Plant Seeds." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 7, no. 3 (January 6, 2021): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v7i3.5002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Moringa olifera is known worldwide as a nutritious plant and WHO has introduced Moringa as an alternative food to overcome nutritional problems (malnutrition). Moringa plants are sought after because they can be processed into a variety of herbal medicines to raw materials for skincare products. "Moringa seeds and leaves are in a trend to be used for processed skincare products because of the nutrients they contain. This research was conducted from March 2020 until June 2020 in the village of Sei Karang, Stabat Subdistrict, Langkat Regency using a factorial randomized block design with 2 levels of treatment ie without MSG (P0), 2 g / 5 liters of water (P1), 5 g / 5 liters of water (P2), 7 g / 5 liters of water (P3), and stem cuttings (W1), middle cuttings (W2) and tip cuttings (W3). The results showed that the treatment of cuttings in the middle (W1) showed the highest with a value of 9.67 on the observation of the number of shoots, while the interaction of MSG and the origin of cuttings showed a significant effect on the emergence of the highest treatment shoots at P1W1 (2.5 g / 5 liters of water and stem section) with a value of 12.67 days and observation of root length in the P2W2 treatment (5 g / 5 liters of water and the middle section) with a value of 10.67
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Sajjan, Saraswati V., Chetan Jambagi, Suresh C M, Bellara Raghavendra, and T. Gangadhara Goud. "Prevalence of undernutrition among 1-5 year children in urban Ballari- A cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth and development of child is a strong reflection of country's growth and development. Being most vulnerable segment of the society the preschoolers are at greatest risk of malnutrition for it is their growing period that demands high intake of protein and calories. To find out the prevalence of undernutrition among 1-5 years children in Urban Ballari. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to June 2018 which included 700 children in the age group of 1-5 years residing in Ballari urban. Of total 700 study subjects, boys constituted 49.7% and girls 50.3%. The overall prevalence of under nutrition among the study subjects based on weight for age parameter was found to be 40.6%. (Normal- 59.4%, Moderate under nutrition- 22%, Severe under nutrition - 18.6%). Prevalence of stunting and wasting was 43.2% and 23.9% respectively. The result of the study is indicative of high prevalence of undernutrition among children in the age group of 1-5 years in Ballari City.
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Bluma, Romina, Maria F. Landa, and Miriam Etcheverry. "Impact of volatile compounds generated by essential oils on Aspergillus section Flavi growth parameters and aflatoxin accumulation." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89, no. 9 (April 30, 2009): 1473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3611.
Повний текст джерела
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Jones, G., S. A. Edwards, S. Jagger, and S. Hoste. "Effects of sow, udder section and time on colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and piglet colostrum intake." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200598111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relationships between sow nutrition, milk yield, milk composition and piglet performance during lactation have been studied in numerous experiments. However, the subsequent effects of these pre-weaning factors on post-weaning piglet performance are less well studied. Commonly a growth check in piglets in response to weaning is noted, but to date it is unknown why some piglets do better than others in this period. The present experiment explored some of the pre-weaning factors that could explain the variability in piglet post-weaning growth.The performance of piglets from 41 litters was monitored during a lactation period of 26 days. Litter size was standardised to 10 piglets, which were not offered creep food. Piglets were weighed individually on a weekly basis from farrowing to weaning at 26 days. Daily litter milk intake was estimated by a weigh-suckle-weigh technique in 24 litters on 4 occasions at 5 day intervals across lactation. On the day after each of these days, the composition of milk was determined from milk samples obtained by hand milking following oxytocin injection. Litter milk intake and composition of milk were used to calculate the mean daily piglet nutrient intakes during lactation. After weaning some piglets were sacrificed for the analysis of body composition and 310 piglets out of the 41 litters were penned in litter groups in controlled environment flat decks for two weeks to monitor daily group feed intakes and weekly individual growth rates.
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Jones, G., S. A. Edwards, S. Jagger, and S. Hoste. "Effects of sow, udder section and time on colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and piglet colostrum intake." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033729.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relationships between sow nutrition, milk yield, milk composition and piglet performance during lactation have been studied in numerous experiments. However, the subsequent effects of these pre-weaning factors on post-weaning piglet performance are less well studied. Commonly a growth check in piglets in response to weaning is noted, but to date it is unknown why some piglets do better than others in this period. The present experiment explored some of the pre-weaning factors that could explain the variability in piglet post-weaning growth.The performance of piglets from 41 litters was monitored during a lactation period of 26 days. Litter size was standardised to 10 piglets, which were not offered creep food. Piglets were weighed individually on a weekly basis from farrowing to weaning at 26 days. Daily litter milk intake was estimated by a weigh-suckle-weigh technique in 24 litters on 4 occasions at 5 day intervals across lactation. On the day after each of these days, the composition of milk was determined from milk samples obtained by hand milking following oxytocin injection. Litter milk intake and composition of milk were used to calculate the mean daily piglet nutrient intakes during lactation. After weaning some piglets were sacrificed for the analysis of body composition and 310 piglets out of the 41 litters were penned in litter groups in controlled environment flat decks for two weeks to monitor daily group feed intakes and weekly individual growth rates.
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Rosario, Fredrick J., Anita Kramer, Cun Li, Henry L. Galan, Theresa L. Powell, Peter W. Nathanielsz, and Thomas Jansson. "Reduction of In Vivo Placental Amino Acid Transport Precedes the Development of Intrauterine Growth Restriction in the Non-Human Primate." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 2892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082892.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with reduced placental amino acid transport (AAT). However, it remains to be established if changes in AAT contribute to restricted fetal growth. We hypothesized that reduced in vivo placental AAT precedes the development of IUGR in baboons with maternal nutrient restriction (MNR). Baboons were fed either a control (ad libitum) or MNR diet (70% of control diet) from gestational day (GD) 30. At GD 140, in vivo transplacental AA transport was measured by infusing nine (13)C- or (2)H-labeled essential amino acids (EAAs) as a bolus into the maternal circulation at cesarean section. A fetal vein-to-maternal artery mole percent excess ratio for each EAA was measured. Microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) system A and system L transport activity were determined. Fetal and placental weights were not significantly different between MNR and control. In vivo, the fetal vein-to-maternal artery mole percent excess ratio was significantly decreased for tryptophan in MNR. MVM system A and system L activity was markedly reduced in MNR. Reduction of in vivo placental amino acid transport precedes fetal growth restriction in the non-human primate, suggesting that reduced placental amino acid transfer may contribute to IUGR.
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Patel, Harsh, Jitesh Mehta, Bela Patel, Rohitkumar Ram, and Mittal Rathod. "An Institutional Based Cross Sectional Analytical Study on Nutritional Determinants of Low Birth Weight." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 8, no. 06 (June 5, 2023): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i06/1692.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is a key factor influencing birth outcomes. Pregnant women are at increased risk of various nutritional deficiencies, particularly in developing countries. Besides, most LBW infants in these countries are full-term newborns with intrauterine growth restriction due to maternal malnutrition and poor gestational weight gain. Objective: To study distribution of new-borns’ according to nutritional determinants of mothers’ and its association with low birth weight. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional analytical study. New-borns delivered at study institute were considered as study participants. Estimated final sample size was 500. Sampling was done by Systemic random sampling method. Guardians (mothers) were face-to-face interviewed and also recorded data were collected from the case file and Mother and Child Protection (MCP) Card. Results: Majority newborns belonged to lower middle 194 (38.8%) and middle class164 (32.8%), More than two third (68.2%) newborns belonged to mothers who had pre pregnancy weight ≥45 kg, 86.4% from mothers whose height were ≥145 cm, 84.2% from mothers whose BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2, 65.6% newborns belonged to mothers whose weight gain were ≥ 9 kg, 18.2% from mothers who consume meals <3 times in a day, 82.8% from mothers who were anaemic, 85.2% and 79.4% taken regular IFA and calcium tablets respectively. Newborns belonged to mothers who were provided health education, supplementary nutrition, maternity benefits were 89%, 32%, 36.4% respectively. The odds of having LBW was significantly higher in lower and middle socioeconomic class, mothers with height <145 cm, BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2, weight gain less than 9 kg, consume <3 meals in a day and not received supplementary nutrition at anganvadi. Conclusion: The present study revealed that lower and middle socio-economic class, mothers with height <145 cm, BMI <18.5 kg/m2, <9 kg weight gain, consume <3 meals in a day and not received supplementary nutrition at anganvadi were statistically significant risk factors that associated for delivering LBW newborns.
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Pereira, Susana P., Paulo J. Oliveira, Ludgero C. Tavares, António J. Moreno, Laura A. Cox, Peter W. Nathanielsz, and Mark J. Nijland. "Effects of moderate global maternal nutrient reduction on fetal baboon renal mitochondrial gene expression at 0.9 gestation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 308, no. 11 (June 1, 2015): F1217—F1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00419.2014.
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Early life malnutrition results in structural alterations in the kidney, predisposing offspring to later life renal dysfunction. Kidneys of adults who were growth restricted at birth have substantial variations in nephron endowment. Animal models have indicated renal structural and functional consequences in offspring exposed to suboptimal intrauterine nutrition. Mitochondrial bioenergetics play a key role in renal energy metabolism, growth, and function. We hypothesized that moderate maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) would adversely impact fetal renal mitochondrial expression in a well-established nonhuman primate model that produces intrauterine growth reduction at term. Female baboons were fed normal chow diet or 70% of control diet (MNR). Fetal kidneys were harvested at cesarean section at 0.9 gestation (165 days gestation). Human Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Human Mitochondria Pathway PCR Arrays were used to analyze mitochondrially relevant mRNA expression. In situ protein content was detected by immunohistochemistry. Despite the smaller overall size, the fetal kidney weight-to-body weight ratio was not affected. We demonstrated fetal sex-specific differential mRNA expression encoding mitochondrial metabolite transport and dynamics proteins. MNR-related differential gene expression was more evident in female fetuses, with 16 transcripts significantly altered, including 14 downregulated and 2 upregulated transcripts. MNR impacted 10 transcripts in male fetuses, with 7 downregulated and 3 upregulated transcripts. The alteration in mRNA levels was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc. In conclusion, transcripts encoding fetal renal mitochondrial energy metabolism proteins are nutrition sensitive in a sex-dependent manner. We speculate that these differences lead to decreased mitochondrial fitness that contributes to renal dysfunction in later life.
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Fernandez, Melissa Anne, Stan Kubow, Katherine Gray-Donald, JaDon Knight, and Pamela S. Gaskin. "Drastic increases in overweight and obesity from 1981 to 2010 and related risk factors: results from the Barbados Children’s Health and Nutrition Study." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 17 (July 31, 2015): 3070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002190.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine overweight and obesity (OWOB), changes in prevalence and potential risk factors in Barbadian children.DesignA cross-section of students were weighed and measured. The WHO BMI-for-age growth references (BAZ), the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth percentiles were used to determine OWOB prevalence. Harvard weight-for-height-for-age growth standards were used to estimate differences in OWOB prevalence from 1981 to 2010. Samples of parents and students were interviewed to describe correlates of OWOB.SettingBarbados.SubjectsPublic-school students (n580) in class 3.ResultsBased on WHO BAZ, the overall prevalence of OWOB was 34·8 % (95 % CI 30·9, 38·7 %). A trend of higher OWOB prevalence was seen for girls across cut-offs, with significant sex differences noted using the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. According to Harvard growth standards, OWOB has increased dramatically, from 8·52 % to 32·5 %. Children were more likely to be OWOB when annual household income was below BBD 9000 (OR=2·69; 95 % CI 1·21, 5·99). Eating dinner with the family every night was associated with a lower prevalence of OWOB (OR=0·56; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·87).ConclusionsThe sharp increase of OWOB rates in Barbados warrants attention. Sex disparities in OWOB prevalence may emerge at a young age. Promoting family meals may be a feasible option for OWOB prevention. Understanding familial and sociodemographic factors influencing OWOB will be useful in planning successful intervention or prevention programmes in Barbados.
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Baldassarri, Fabrizio. "Being Alive in Descartes' Physiology: Animals and Plants, the Immutatio and the Impetus." RIVISTA DI STORIA DELLA FILOSOFIA, no. 1 (March 2021): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sf2021-001004.
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In René Descartes' works there are four major references to living bodies as objects of his natural philosophy. The first is contained in the Fifth part of the Discours de la Méthode, published in June 1637, where Descartes provides a mechanical explanation of the heartbeat and other living functions of the body. The second is in a bio-medical note collected in the Excerpta anatomica dated November 1637, where he discusses nutrition and growth. The third is the famous claim on the absence of a section on living bodies in the Principia philosophiae, published in 1644. The fourth is in La Description du corps humain, Descartes' late physiology likely dated 1647-1648. In this article, by exploring these passages and contextualizing his physiological observations of animals and plants, I reassemble Descartes' science of life: his dismissal of soul, his mechanical framework, his interpretation of bodily self-maintenance and growth, his understanding of living bodies as integrated and organic systems, and the role of a power such as the immutatio and forces such as the impetus.
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Saida Khatun Khurshid Ahmed, Khan, Rajesh Kumar Jha, Aakanksha Wany, Ashutosh Kumar, and Subhash Chandra Prasad. "IMPACT OF PGPR ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE: CURRENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 07 (July 31, 2023): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17271.
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The quest for boosting agricultural yields due to increased stress on food production has inevitably brought about the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and different agrochemicals. Biofertilizers facilitate the overall growth and yield of crops in an eco-friendly manner. They comprise residing or dormant microbes implemented in the soil or used for treating crop seeds. One of the most applicants in this respect is rhizobacteria. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are an important group of beneficial, root-colonizing bacteria. They exhibit harmonious and divergent interactions with the soil microbiota and interact in an array of activities of ecological meaning. They encourage plant growth by facilitating biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and aid the nutrition of host plants. Due to their lively growth endorsing activities, PGPRs are considered an eco-friendly alternative to dangerous chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers used in agriculture to improve yields and eradicate pathogens, however, negatively influence the ecosystem. The doubts over pesticide side effects, there is a growing interest in better thoughtfulhelpful interactions between plants and rhizosphere microbial populations. As a result, biological agents are in high demand around the world. The use of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). They have a crucial function in increasing soil fertility, promoting plant growth, and suppressing phytopathogens for the development of environmentally friendly sustainable agriculture.In this section, we try to devise a strategy for increasing crop output and health, developing sustainable agriculture, and commercialization through the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
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Al Qurashi, Mansour, Hadeel Mohammad, Syed Sameer Aga, Ahmed Mustafa, Jubara Alallah, Mohammed Al Hindi, Mohammed Al Harbi, and Mohammed Hasosah. "Acquired Zinc Deficiency in Preterm Infant Post-Surgery for Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) on Prolonged Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)." Pediatric Reports 16, no. 3 (June 26, 2024): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16030046.
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Zinc (Zn) is a vital trace element that plays a pivotal role in protein synthesis, cellular growth, and differentiation and is involved as a cofactor of metalloenzymes, performing a wide variety of metabolic, immune, and synthesis roles. Zn is required at all stages of an infant’s and child’s development, and severe Zn deficiency has been reported to lead to slower physical, cognitive, and sexual growth. Preterm neonates are at a higher risk of developing zinc deficiency for a variety of reasons, including low Zn intake from enteral feeds containing breast milk, relative malabsorption due to immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract with limited absorptive capacity, increased urinary loss of zinc, and increased demand during the early developmental stages. Moreover, premature infants are at risk of gastrointestinal diseases like necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can limit absorption capacity and potentially lead to malabsorption. TPN is frequently used in preterm infants to provide them with sufficient nutrients and calories. However, it has its own complications, including cholestasis, especially if used for prolonged periods. In this case report, we are presenting the case of a male preterm infant who was delivered by caesarean section at 26 weeks’ gestation. The baby developed an intestinal perforation due to NEC, for which he underwent surgery for resection of the necrotic bowel and the creation of a high ileal stoma and was put on prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN), which led to the development of zinc deficiency.
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Nguyen, Phuong Hong, Long Quỳnh Khương, Priyanjana Pramanik, Sk Masum Billah, Purnima Menon, Ellen Piwoz, and Hannah H. Leslie. "Effective coverage of nutrition interventions across the continuum of care in Bangladesh: insights from nationwide cross-sectional household and health facility surveys." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e040109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040109.
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IntroductionImproving the impact of nutrition interventions requires adequate measurement of both reach and quality of interventions, but limited evidence exists on advancing coverage measurement. We adjusted contact-based coverage estimates, taking into consideration the inputs required to deliver quality nutrition services, to calculate input-adjusted coverage of nutrition interventions across the continuum of care from pregnancy through early childhood in Bangladesh.MethodsWe used data from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys to assess use of maternal and child health services and the 2014 Service Provision Assessment to determine facility readiness to deliver nutrition interventions. Service readiness captured availability of nutrition-specific inputs (including human resources and training, equipment, diagnostics and medicines). Contact coverage was combined with service readiness to create a measure of input-adjusted coverage at the national and regional levels, across place of residence, and by maternal education and household socioeconomic quintiles.ResultsContact coverage varied from 28% for attending at least four ANC visits to 38% for institutional delivery, 35% for child growth monitoring and 81% for sick child care. Facilities demonstrated incomplete readiness for nutrition interventions, ranging from 48% to 51% across services. Nutrition input-adjusted coverage was suboptimal (18% for ANC, 23% for institutional delivery, 20% for child growth monitoring and 52% for sick child care) and varied between regions within the country. Inequalities in input-adjusted coverage were large during ANC and institutional delivery (14–17 percentage points (pp) between urban and rural areas, 15 pp between low and high education, and 28-34 pp between highest and lowest wealth quintiles) and less variable for sick child care (<2 pp).ConclusionNutrition input-adjusted coverage was suboptimal and varied subnationally and across the continuum of care in Bangladesh. Special efforts are needed to improve the reach as well as the quality of health and nutrition services to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Przybyłko, Sebastian, Wojciech Kowalczyk, and Dariusz Wrona. "The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi and PGPR on Tree Nutritional Status and Growth in Organic Apple Production." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071402.
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The desire to reduce the negative impact of crops on the environment, as well as the growing concern for consumer health, is increasing interest in organic fruit production. In this context, the development of new environmentally friendly agrotechnical methods which allows for reducing the use of organic fertilizers by improving the nutrient use efficiency and consequently decreasing the leaching of them is a task of a great importance. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi (AMF) combined with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth and nutritional status of apple trees cultivated on a silty-loam, rich in clay minerals and humus soil under organic farming conditions. Thus, a trial was established in an experimental orchard in Wilanów in Central Poland with three cultivars (‘Topaz’, ‘Odra’, and ‘Chopin’) and a promising clone, U 8869. Trees were or were not inoculated with AMF + PGPR within a split-block experimental design with four replicates. According to the results, mycorrhizal frequency obtained in the inoculated tree roots was on average two-fold higher than in the roots of the control plants. After four years of AMF + PGPR inoculation, 24% higher trunk cross-section area (TCSA) was observed, with the nitrogen and magnesium concentrations in leaves increasing, on average, by 7.8% and 64.2%, and phosphorus and potassium content decreasing by 37.2% and 46.5%, respectively. This study shows that using AMF + PGPR inoculum supports tree roots colonization by AMF. As a result, better nitrogen nutrition status is observed that promote vigorous growth of trees and more efficient uptake of magnesium from the bulk soil. On the other hand, lower phosphorus content in inoculated tree leaves might be explained by a dilution effect, and potassium decrease could occur as a result of fungus–plant competition in conditions of this element deficiency in soil.
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Choy, Courtney C., Mayur M. Desai, Jennifer J. Park, Elizabeth A. Frame, Avery A. Thompson, Take Naseri, Muagututia S. Reupena, Rachel L. Duckham, Nicole C. Deziel, and Nicola L. Hawley. "Child, maternal and household-level correlates of nutritional status: a cross-sectional study among young Samoan children." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 7 (February 6, 2017): 1235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016003499.
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AbstractObjectiveYoung children are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition as nutrition transition progresses. The present study aimed to document the prevalence, coexistence and correlates of nutritional status (stunting, overweight/obesity and anaemia) in Samoan children aged 24–59 months.DesignA cross-sectional community-based survey. Height and weight were used to determine prevalence of stunting (height-for-age Z-score <−2) and overweight/obesity (BMI-for-age Z-score >+2) based on WHO growth standards. Anaemia was determined using an AimStrip Hemoglobin test system (Hb <110 g/l).SettingTen villages on the Samoan island of Upolu.SubjectsMother–child pairs (n 305) recruited using convenience sampling.ResultsModerate or severe stunting was apparent in 20·3 % of children, 16·1 % were overweight/obese and 34·1 % were anaemic. Among the overweight/obese children, 28·6 % were also stunted and 42·9 % anaemic, indicating dual burden of malnutrition. Stunting was significantly less likely among girls (OR=0·41; 95 % CI 0·21, 0·79, P<0·01) than boys. Overweight/obesity was associated with higher family socio-economic status and decreased sugar intake (OR per 10 g/d=0·89, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·99, P=0·032). The odds of anaemia decreased with age and anaemia was more likely in children with an anaemic mother (OR=2·20; 95 % CI 1·22, 3·98, P=0·007). No child, maternal or household characteristic was associated with more than one of the nutritional status outcomes, highlighting the need for condition-specific interventions in this age group.ConclusionsThe observed prevalences of stunting, overweight/obesity and anaemia suggest that it is critical to invest in nutrition and develop health programmes targeting early childhood growth and development in Samoa.
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Oktavianto, Eka, I. Made Moh Yanuar Saifudin, Suryati Suryati, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Niken Setyaningrum. "Eating behaviors related to nutritional status among adolescents: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i2.22854.
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Adolescents are still prone to the issues of under and overeating. Eating behaviors are one factor that affects adolescents' nutritional status. This study aimed to look at the relationship between adolescents' eating behaviors and nutritional status. The cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2022. The self-evaluation instruments were completed by one hundred seventy-two individuals. Spearman-rank correlation analyses were performed. The findings showed that 84 (48.8%) adolescents had normal nutritional status, compared to 73 (42.4%) adolescents who engaged in low-risk eating. Nutritional status and eating behaviors were substantially associated (r=0.41, p=0.03). This research shows that individuals with bad eating behaviors have a greater risk of experiencing nutritional disorders. This study has certain limitations, such as the sample's composition of adolescents from a particular Yogyakarta area, which restricts the applicability of our findings to other communities. A longitudinal study is required to ascertain the cause-effect relationship between eating behavior and nutritional status. Accordingly, the cooperation of various parties is needed to increase adolescent knowledge about the importance of optimal nutrition during the growth period and understanding related to a healthy diet. It is hoped that there will be further research on other factors that influence the nutritional status of adolescents.
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Li, Cun, Thomas J. McDonald, Guoyao Wu, Mark J. Nijland, and Peter W. Nathanielsz. "Intrauterine growth restriction alters term fetal baboon hypothalamic appetitive peptide balance." Journal of Endocrinology 217, no. 3 (March 12, 2013): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-13-0012.
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Neurons controlling appetite are located in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei (ARH). Offspring appetite regulation has been shown to be modified by dysregulation of ARH nuclear development. Most ARH developmental studies have been in altricial rodents whose hypothalamic development is predominantly postnatal. In primates including humans, much development of hypothalamic appetite regulatory centers occurs before birth. We hypothesized that i) appetitive peptides are abundantly expressed by 90 percent gestation (0.9G), ready for postnatal function; ii) by 0.9G, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the orexigenic:anorexigenic peptide ratio; iii) IUGR increases fetal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression; and iv) IUGR decreases STAT3, which signals inhibition of appetite. We developed a fetal baboon IUGR model resulting from reduced maternal nutrition. Pregnant baboons were fed ad libitum, controls (CTR; n=24), or 70% CTR diet to produce IUGR (n=14). C-section was performed at 0.9G. In CTR (n=7) and IUGR (n=6) fetal brains, ARH appetite regulatory peptides (neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)) were quantified immunohistochemically. Fetal plasma cortisol was raised in IUGR fetuses. We observed that NPY and POMC were well expressed by 0.9G. IUGR increased NPY, GR, and active phosphorylated GR and decreased POMC and phosphorylated form of STAT3. We conclude that IUGR dysregulates ARH development in ways that will reset the appetitive neuropeptide balance in favor of increased appetite drive in postnatal life. We postulate that changes in peptide abundance are in part due to increased fetal cortisol and ARH GR. These changes may contribute to predisposition to obesity in IUGR offspring.
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Millward, D. Joe. "Interactions between Growth of Muscle and Stature: Mechanisms Involved and Their Nutritional Sensitivity to Dietary Protein: The Protein-Stat Revisited." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030729.
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Childhood growth and its sensitivity to dietary protein is reviewed within a Protein-Stat model of growth regulation. The coordination of growth of muscle and stature is a combination of genetic programming, and of two-way mechanical interactions involving the mechanotransduction of muscle growth through stretching by bone length growth, the core Protein-Stat feature, and the strengthening of bone through muscle contraction via the mechanostat. Thus, growth in bone length is the initiating event and this is always observed. Endocrine and cellular mechanisms of growth in stature are reviewed in terms of the growth hormone-insulin like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) and thyroid axes and the sex hormones, which together mediate endochondral ossification in the growth plate and bone lengthening. Cellular mechanisms of muscle growth during development are then reviewed identifying (a) the difficulties posed by the need to maintain its ultrastructure during myofibre hypertrophy within the extracellular matrix and the concept of muscle as concentric “bags” allowing growth to be conceived as bag enlargement and filling, (b) the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the mechanotransduction of satellite and mesenchymal stromal cells, to enable both connective tissue remodelling and provision of new myonuclei to aid myofibre hypertrophy and (c) the implications of myofibre hypertrophy for protein turnover within the myonuclear domain. Experimental data from rodent and avian animal models illustrate likely changes in DNA domain size and protein turnover during developmental and stretch-induced muscle growth and between different muscle fibre types. Growth of muscle in male rats during adulthood suggests that “bag enlargement” is achieved mainly through the action of mesenchymal stromal cells. Current understanding of the nutritional regulation of protein deposition in muscle, deriving from experimental studies in animals and human adults, is reviewed, identifying regulation by amino acids, insulin and myofibre volume changes acting to increase both ribosomal capacity and efficiency of muscle protein synthesis via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the phenomenon of a “bag-full” inhibitory signal has been identified in human skeletal muscle. The final section deals with the nutritional sensitivity of growth of muscle and stature to dietary protein in children. Growth in length/height as a function of dietary protein intake is described in the context of the breastfed child as the normative growth model, and the “Early Protein Hypothesis” linking high protein intakes in infancy to later adiposity. The extensive paediatric studies on serum IGF-1 and child growth are reviewed but their clinical relevance is of limited value for understanding growth regulation; a role in energy metabolism and homeostasis, acting with insulin to mediate adiposity, is probably more important. Information on the influence of dietary protein on muscle mass per se as opposed to lean body mass is limited but suggests that increased protein intake in children is unable to promote muscle growth in excess of that linked to genotypic growth in length/height. One possible exception is milk protein intake, which cohort and cross-cultural studies suggest can increase height and associated muscle growth, although such effects have yet to be demonstrated by randomised controlled trials.