Статті в журналах з теми "Section of the pipeline"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Section of the pipeline.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Section of the pipeline".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Deng, Huangshi, Helin Fu, Yue Shi, Zhen Huang, and Qibing Huang. "Analysis of Asymmetrical Deformation of Surface and Oblique Pipeline Caused by Shield Tunneling along Curved Section." Symmetry 13, no. 12 (December 12, 2021): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13122396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deformation of existing pipelines caused by the tunneling of a shield machine along curved sections has not been sufficiently researched, and a corresponding theoretical prediction formula is lacking. This paper derives a prediction formula for the deformation of an existing pipeline caused by shield machine tunneling along a curved section. Further, a finite difference model (FDM) corresponding to an actual project is built. Finally, the deformation of the surface and existing pipelines caused by shield machine tunneling along the curved section is analyzed. The research results show that the results of theoretical prediction, FDM calculation, and field monitoring data are consistent. In addition, the deformation of the surface and the existing pipeline are asymmetrically distributed when the shield machine tunnels along the curve section instead of symmetrically distributed (for straight line segment). When the pipeline is perpendicular to the tunnel axis, the maximum deformation position of the existing pipeline deviates from the tunnel axis by about 0.5 times the tunnel radius. In addition, as the angle β between the pipeline axis and the tunnel axis increases, the maximum deformation position of the pipeline gradually approaches the tunnel axis.
2
Varshitsky, Victor M., Igor B. Lebedenko, and Eldar N. Figarov. "Method for determining process parameters in the repairing of pipelines with out-of-spec curvature." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-1-17-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pipe sections with curvatures exceeding the required specified values are often found during the pigging of major pipelines. Process parameters for repairs have to be defined in order to develop a maintenance project that also includes works to restore the specified status of the section found. A corresponding method is known for cases of relocation of an initially straight pipeline. The authors developed a method for determining process parameters for repairing pipelines with out-of-project axis curvature. The method is based on modeling the deformation of a pipeline with initial axis curvature; it takes into account the actual operating conditions of the pipeline and in-line inspection data. Examples of calculating process parameters for repairs and stress-deformed state of pipeline sections with out-of-specs curvature have been presented. The modeling results confirm the possibility of using the method for evaluating the repair process parameters, the length of the required trench exposure, and the magnitude and boundaries of additional digging-in or the need to lift the pipeline in order to determine the stress–strain state of the pipeline section to be repaired during execution and after the completion of repairs.
3
Besheryan, Z. A., and I. F. Kantemirov. "Modeling and assessment of the stress-strain state of above-ground pipelines at different types of compensation sections." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126601022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of Russian fuel and energy complex in the short term is connected with the development of new hydrocarbon field in the permafrost zone and the need to build Arctic pipelines north of the 60th parallel. The ground-based structural scheme of pipeline laying is the most optimal while constructing trunk pipelines in permafrost areas in the Arctic and subarctic latitudes. The actual operating conditions of these systems are insufficiently studied. The above-ground pipeline in permafrost is in an complex stress-strain state. This study presents the results of the assessment of the stress-strain state of linearly extended above-ground pipelines at different compensation sections (triangular compensator; trapezoidal compensator; U-shaped compensator) under actual operating conditions. Using the finite element method on mathematical models, the dependences of the transverse displacements of the pipeline on movable supports and stresses arising in dangerous sections of the typical pipeline section during self-compensation of deformations on the variable design parameters of the system for various load combinations were established (the simulation was carried out in the ANSYS software package).
4
Dmitriev, Andrey, Vladimir Sokolov, and Aleksey Bereznyov. "Influence of longitudinal force and internal pressure on the frequency of free vibrations of an underground oil pipeline." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021701010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is based on the equation obtained earlier by V.G. Sokolov to find the frequencies of natural vibrations of straight sections of large-diameter pipelines. In this work, to take into account the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the pipeline wall from oil flowing at different speeds, the solution obtained by M.A. Ilgamov and A.S. Volmyr is used. At the same time, the effect of a stationary fluid flow on the pipeline wall is taken into account in the equation written in forces for the last term of the normal component of inertia forces. The resulting modified equation allows determining the frequency characteristics of the pipeline both according to the rod theory (without taking into account the deformation of the cross section) and according to the theory of shells (taking into account the deformation of the cross section).
5
Cheng, Guo Ming, Wen Jie Xu, and Hong Bin Chu. "Numerical Modeling of Soil-Pipeline Interaction Mechanism Caused by Surface Subsidence due to Longwall Mining." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In China, Surface subsidence caused by underground coal mining has affected the safe operation of pipelines in recent years. Take the coal mine in Shanxi section of the west-east gas pipeline as case study, numerical modeling was adopted to study the interaction mechanism of the soil-pipeline caused by longwall mining, and the numerical model was calibrated with the measurement data. The results reveal that the soil-pipeline interaction undergoes an evolution process from synchronization to separation during the subsidence process. The peak stresses on the pipeline at cross-sections occur generally above the centre of the corresponding subsidence basins at different stages of face advance, and the maximum stress on the pipeline appeared at about 150m above the centre of the subsidence basin as the face advances 300m.
6
Aleksakhin, Alexander, Iryna Dubynskaya, Ilona Solyanyk, and Zhanna Dombrovs’ka. "The community heating network’s thermal condition assessment." Collected scientific works of Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 197 (December 22, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.197.2021.248328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heat losses at the heating network’s distribution pipelines were identified for Karkivcommunity. Heat losses’ calculation is performed in view of the underground pipelines’ installationin non-accessible ducts. The heating system water temperature is accepted in line with the heatingnetwork temperature chart and according to the design outdoor temperature value for heatingpurposes. Specific heat losses in the network section’ pipelines are accepted at the level of standardvalues for the specified network laying method. The water flow rate at the heat pipeline sections isdefined as per the design heat loads from the buildings connected to the heat supply network. Theheat pipeline segment with uniform diameter is accepted as the rated section. The soil temperatureat the heat pipeline axis laying depth is accepted as 5°C. The heat losses at the structural networkelements are considered by 1.15 coefficient. The calculations are performed in view of the heatingsystem water flow rate and temperate changes along the heat pipeline length. While analyzing thethermal condition of the return pipelines of the community heating network, the changes in the heatcontent of the heating system water flow in the main direction pipeline during mixing with the waterflow from the branches of the main direction line are taken into account. Considering the averagetemperature of the coldest five days consecutively, the total energy loss in heating pipeline for a groupof buildings in Kharkov region are equivalent to 180.8kW.In view of the ambient air temperature changing over the heating period for Kharkiv cityclimate conditions and the current schedule for quality heat energy supply to the consumers controlthe annual heat losses in the community heating network pipelines were calculated. The soil temperature change at the heat pipeline installation depth during the heating period was notconsidered.Heat losses in the microdistrict network for the year are 2184 GJ. The data obtained can beused to compare options when developing a strategy for reforming the microdistrict heat supplysystem.
7
Serediuk, М. D. "Influence of roughness of pipes surface on flow capacity and energy efficiency of gas pipelines operation." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 1(35) (June 29, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2021-1(35)-39-47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long-term operation of main gas pipelines, the presence of water and mechanical impurities in the transported gas lead to erosion and corrosion damages to the inner surface of pipes, which causes an increase in its roughness. The increase in roughness results in an increase of the hydraulic resistance of natural gas pipelines, as well as affects theirs transport and energy consumption parameters. To manage the regimes of operation of main gas pipelines it is necessary to adequately predict their flow capacity and energy consumption for natural gas transportation under real values of pipe roughness which is higher than designed ones. On the basis of gas-dynamic equations of the steady-state gas movement the regularities of the influence of the pipe surface roughness on the hydraulic energy consumption of gas transportation at constant gas flow in the section of the gas pipeline are established. The regularities of the influence of the pipe surface roughness on the hydraulic efficiency coefficient of the gas pipeline section under idem difference of squares of inlet and outlet gas pressure values are clarified. It is established that the value of hydraulic efficiency coefficient of the gas pipeline section for specified value of absolute equivalent roughness of the pipe surface actually does not depend on the pipe inner diameter and slightly depends on the flowrate in the gas pipeline. The method of capacity and energy efficiency determination of the gas-dynamic system called compressor station – pipeline section for the increased pipe inner surface roughness in comparison with its designed value is proposed. The method involves mathematical modelling of gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal compressors, thermohydraulic calculation of the pipeline section taking into account the actual roughness of the pipe, consideration of pressure and gas flowrate technological limitations as well as energy consumption determination taken per unit of work lost in transport
8
Yu, Haiyan, Fuyou Xu, Mingjie Zhang, and Aoqiu Zhou. "Experimental Investigation on Glaze Ice Accretion and Its Influence on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Pipeline Suspension Bridges." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 7167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pipeline suspension bridges may experience ice accretion under special atmospheric conditions, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the bridges may be modified by the ice accretion. Under some specific climatic conditions of freezing rain, the dependencies of the ice size and shape on the icing duration and some structural properties (including pipeline diameter, inclination angle of wind hanger, inclination angle and size of section steel, and girder geometry) were experimentally investigated in a refrigerated precipitation icing laboratory. Typical ice accretions on pipelines, wind hangers, section steels, and girders of pipeline suspension bridges are summarized. Then the effects of some selected ice accretions on aerodynamic force coefficients of a bridge girder were further investigated through wind tunnel tests. The ice size and shape on the pipeline were closely related to the pipeline diameter and icing duration. The engineering geometric models of ice accretion on pipelines were extracted. The ice shape and size on wind hangers and section steels changed with their inclination angles. The aerodynamic force coefficients of a girder with ice accretion were much higher than those of an ice-free one. The results can provide references for simulating the ice accretion and further evaluating the effect of ice accretion on the aerodynamics of pipeline suspension bridges.
9
Varshitsky, Victor M., Igor B. Lebedenko, and Eldar N. Figarov. "Method for determining technological parameters to repair pipeline with out-of-spec curvature." Pipeline Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2514-541x-2020-4-2-84-88.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When performing in-line inspection of trunk pipelines, line pipe sections are detected with curvature exceeding the values required by specifications. To prepare a repair work project that entails bringing the pipeline into the standard conditions, it is necessary to determine the technological parameters of the repair. The corresponding technique is known for cases of moving an initially straight pipeline. The authors of the paper have developed the method for determining the technological parameters to repair pipeline with out-of-spec curvature of the axis. The method is based on simulation of pipeline deformation with the initial curvature of the axis, taking into account the actual operating conditions of the pipeline and in-line inspection data. Examples of calculations of repair technological parameters and stress-strain state of pipeline sections with out-of-spec curvature are given. The simulation results confirm the possibility for applying this method to assess the technological parameters of repair, the length of trench excavation, the size and limits of the pipeline additional burying or lifting, and to determine the stress-strain state of the pipeline section under repair during and after repair work.
10
Sidorov, M. M., N. I. Golikov, and R. P. Tihonov. "EVALUATION OF THE STRESSED DEFORMED STATE OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES RUNNING IN PERMANENTLY FROZEN GROUNDS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 270 (December 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.12.pp.058-063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work evaluates the stress deformed state of the section of the interfield gas collecting main, running in permanently frozen grounds. The object of research is a section of a pipeline with an arched discharge formed as a result of loss of stability as a result of thermal erosion of permanently frozen grounds to disturbance of the vegetation cover. The determination of stresses was carried out by the X-ray method using portable equipment. The experimental data were analyzed with the calculated. The calculated data were obtained by measuring the spatial position of the gas pipeline section. The obtained values of the acting stresses and the estimates of the critical indicators of the gas pipeline monitoring section made it possible to reasonably estimate the stress state. The methodology for determining the acting stresses of pipelines using portable X-ray equipment can be successfully applied to estimate the stressed-deformed state of pipeline systems running in the zone of permafrost.
11
DROŹDZIEL, Paweł, Tetiana VITENKO, Liubomyr ZHOVTULIA, Andrii YAVORSKYI, Andrii OLIINYK, Ihor RYBITSKYI, Liubomyr POBEREZHNY, Pavlo POPOVYCH, Oksana SHEVCHUK, and Vasyl POPOVYCH. "Non-contact method of estimation of stress-strain state of underground pipelines during transportation of oil and gas." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 109 (December 1, 2020): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2020.109.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development and implementation of contactless methods for determining the stress-strain state of pipelines in the process of transportation of energy hydrocarbons is important for ensuring its safe operation. The authors developed a method for determining the change in the stress-strain state of the underground part of the main oil and gas pipelines according to the data about the displacement of a certain set of points of the axis of the pipeline. This study was conducted on a linear section of the main gas pipeline, where a landslide in 2010 created a force pressure on the pipeline, resulting in a pipeline rupture.
12
Castaneda, Christopher. "History Beneath the Surface: Natural Gas Pipelines and the National Historic Preservation Act." Public Historian 26, no. 1 (2004): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2004.26.1.105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article is a case study of how natural gas pipelines have been treated under the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). It examines three recent pipeline projects that involved determinations of eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. In one case, a pipeline firm sought an exemption from Section 106 review, and this led to a proposed congressional amendment to the NHPA. In order to forestall a legislative amendment, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation issued an administrative exemption from Section 106 review for natural gas pipelines. This essay traces the process and events that led to this exemption.
13
Xu, Qian, Wenchao Zhang, Cheng Chen, Jun Lu, and Peng Tang. "Study on Settlement Influence of Newly Excavated Tunnel Undercrossing Large Diameter Pipeline." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5700377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rapid development of tunnel construction, there will be an increasing number of engineering cases about undercrossing existing pipelines. During the undercrossing process, the settlement control of existing pipelines is relatively strict. If the construction is not handled properly, the existing pipelines will cause a larger settlement, which will affect their normal use. This paper takes an existing pipeline project in Nanjing as the research object and uses numerical simulation to explore the influence of different excavation sequences and grouting reinforcement scopes on the existing pipelines above the newly built tunnels when using shallow tunnel excavation. The results show that the sections are constructed first on both sides of the construction, and the middle section is constructed subsequently, which not only increases the excavation speed but also the pipeline deformation is smaller, especially in controlling the differential settlement on both sides of the pipeline. By studying the relationship between the grouting reinforcement range and the vertical distance from the newly built tunnel to the existing pipeline, it is found that the soil engineering effect within 0.3 d above the arch line is more reasonable, and the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified through actual monitoring data. This research can provide a reference for similar projects in the future.
14
Shammazov, I. A., D. I. Sidorkin, and E. R. Dzhemilev. "Research of the Dependence of the Pipeline Ends Displacement Value When Cutting Out Its Defective Section on the Elastic Stresses in the Pipe Body." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the process of repairing main oil and gas pipelines with cutting out defective sections, due to the elastic stresses in the body of the pipeline at the end of the first cut, there is a sharp displacement of the pipeline ends on both sides of the cutting site. This sharp displacement poses a threat to the lives of workers, and also complicates the further process of welding a new section of the pipeline due to the need to center its ends relative to each other. At the same time, to reduce the displacement of the ends of the pipeline, it is often pressed down with an excavator bucket before cutting, which contradicts the safety rules for conducting repair work. This article examines the dependence of the displacement value of the ends of the pipeline on the existing elastic stresses in it in order to substantiate the need to take into account the elastic stresses in the body of the pipeline in the used repair methods, as well as the need to develop safe and technologically efficient equipment for fixing the position of the pipeline before cutting and further centering its ends relative to each other.
15
Tarayevskiy, O. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX MINING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON OPERATION TRANSIT PIPELINES." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 156 (July 1, 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-3-156-105-110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the basis of the system approach and analysis of the conditions of operation of transit main gas pipelines, analytical studies of the stresses occurring on the internal surface of the gas pipeline under the conditions of the obverse and reverse operation modes have been carried out. The method of determination (prognostication) of durability of long exploited pipelines, operated in complex mining and geological conditions was proposed. It was shown that during such exploitation of gas pipelines non-project modes are being found that require a detailed analysis of the use of their production capacities, and as a result it has been established that the study section in such conditions. The technique for determining the permissible level of arbitrarily oriented stresses acting on the investigated section of a gas pipeline with a complex technological structure and laid on a section with a disturbed equilibrium of the Earth is developed. It has been proved that the cyclic operation of pipelines and their structural elements in difficult geological conditions leads to an abnormally high background tension, which leads to a decrease in their predicted lifetime. It is proposed to carry out operational control of the stressed-deformed state of pipeline sections laid in complex mining and geological conditions and which have complex technological features. The principle of optimization of gas transportation by pipelines, passing in one technological corridor on the criterion of minimum negative impact on the environment was improved. The technique of determining the potential impact radius, which simultaneously takes into account the mode of operation of the gas pipeline, its actual technical condition, as well as the parameters of abnormal areas with disturbed equilibrium of the earth, was proposed. The developed method allows determining the necessary security zone on each individual site, in particular, to substantially reduce or increase it in relation to existing real conditions. In order to design new gas pipelines, there will be no pipelines in the same technological corridor, and for existing pipelines operated in the same technological corridor, it will be possible to reduce the impact of the emergency situation or even make it impossible because of optimal loading of the gas pipelines. The expediency of carrying out such experiments and the results obtained will allow to prevent accidents and failures of gas pipelines that lies in complex mining and geological conditions, to ensure their reliability during long service life as well. Keywords: gas, underemployment, stressful situation, density, mathematical model.
16
Safarudin, Mochamad, and Joga Dharma Setiawan. "Structural analysis for in-service gas pipeline lowering using numerical method." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Construction of new highways, buildings, airport runways and other facilities is often planned at locations where aboveground pipelines are present. Relocating such lines can be extremely expensive in terms of shutdown time and new pipeline materials. Lowering this existing pipeline can have big cost benefits. The line can be lowered while remaining in service with no lost production and the cost of such lowering an existing pipeline section is relatively cheap. In this paper, the calculation method with both analytically and numerically are discussed and explained in a 28 in pipeline lowering process while keep the pipeline is safe and still in-service.
17
Oliinyk, A. P., B. S. Nezamay, and L. I. Feshanych. "PECULIARITIES OF MODELING OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF PIPELINES THROUGH WHICH GAS-LIQUID MIXTURES WITH AGGRESSIVE COMPONENTS ARE TRANSPORTED." METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, no. 2(43) (December 24, 2019): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2(43)-128-135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The task of estimating the stress-strain state of pipelines through which gas-liquid mixtures with aggressive components are transported is considered, the purpose, object and object of research are established. The analysis of the current state of scientific and technical researches on the given subject is carried out, the circle of unresolved problems is revealed. The combined effect on the pipelines through which gas-liquid mixtures with aggressive components are transported stress – strained state change is estimated by two models - the model for determining the change of the stress-strain state of the pipeline by data on the surface points certain set displacement taking into account the quasi-stationarity of the process. The device uses interpolation smoothing splines and methods of differential geometry, 6 components of strain and stress tensors are determined. In order to substantiate the method of estimation of annular stresses at the wear of the pipeline walls due to the action of the aggressive components of the transported mixtures, systems of equilibrium equations for pipeline sections and for quasi-rectilinear sections with altered cross-section configuration have been derived. Boundaryt conditions for equilibrium equations are established. Calculation formulas for estimation of annular stresses arising under the action of internal pressure for sections with shape defects caused by the action of aggressive components are established. The results of calculations that allow to quantify the change of the most significant ring stresses arising in the pipeline material under the action of internal pressure in the pipeline cross sections, which were exposed to the aggressive components, are presented. It is assumed that the deformed sections are little different from the shape of the circle.
18
Oliinyk, A. P., B. S. Nezamay, and L. I. Feshanych. "PECULIARITIES OF MODELING OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF PIPELINES THROUGH WHICH GAS-LIQUID MIXTURES WITH AGGRESSIVE COMPONENTS ARE TRANSPORTED." METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, no. 2(43) (December 24, 2019): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2020-2(43)-128-135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The task of estimating the stress-strain state of pipelines through which gas-liquid mixtures with aggressive components are transported is considered, the purpose, object and object of research are established. The analysis of the current state of scientific and technical researches on the given subject is carried out, the circle of unresolved problems is revealed. The combined effect on the pipelines through which gas-liquid mixtures with aggressive components are transported stress – strained state change is estimated by two models - the model for determining the change of the stress-strain state of the pipeline by data on the surface points certain set displacement taking into account the quasi-stationarity of the process. The device uses interpolation smoothing splines and methods of differential geometry, 6 components of strain and stress tensors are determined. In order to substantiate the method of estimation of annular stresses at the wear of the pipeline walls due to the action of the aggressive components of the transported mixtures, systems of equilibrium equations for pipeline sections and for quasi-rectilinear sections with altered cross-section configuration have been derived. Boundaryt conditions for equilibrium equations are established. Calculation formulas for estimation of annular stresses arising under the action of internal pressure for sections with shape defects caused by the action of aggressive components are established. The results of calculations that allow to quantify the change of the most significant ring stresses arising in the pipeline material under the action of internal pressure in the pipeline cross sections, which were exposed to the aggressive components, are presented. It is assumed that the deformed sections are little different from the shape of the circle.
19
M. Kvinikadze, D. Kuparadze, V. Kirakosyan, and D. Pataridze. "GEO-ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF CENTRAL PIPELINE CORRIDORS IN GEORGIA." World Science 1, no. 2(42) (February 28, 2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/28022019/6347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transportation, supply and exploitation of energy resources. Since their laying is associated with a change in the natural environment, the ecological study of these corridors is a prerequisite. Geo-ecological study of the main pipelines is divided into three stages. This is the study of the pipeline route, to establish the existing background before the work begins. The second stage is the establishment of environmental impact during the laying of the pipeline. The third step is to monitor the environmental problems encountered during exploitation.The presented article gives a geo-ecological study of the corridors of gas pipelines in the section 1200, 1000 and 700 mm on the Kazbegi-Red Bridge (North-South) section. Carried out works represents the first stage of the study, and we have identified the physical and biological characteristics of the pipeline corridors. It was determined the purity of air, noise, chemical composition of soil, water and vegetation cover, as well as engineering and geological conditions of gas pipeline corridors. The results obtained do not exceed the values of the maximum permissible concentrations adopted in Georgia and in European countries, although Pl, Co, Ni and Cd show increased values directly near the gas pipeline.
20
Bolonnyi, V. Т. "Modification of Mode Parameters of Main Oil Pipelines under the Condition of Depressurizing." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 1(74) (March 31, 2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-26-35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The characteristics of Ukrainian oil transportation system are presented; the emergency risks of Ukrainian oil pipelines are established. The analysis of the accident rate of oil pipeline transportation in Ukraine, Russia and the USA was carried out. The processes of initiation and progression of man-made emergencies in Ukraine during the oil pipelines operation are considered. The article presents the technique of specifying the incidental pressure in a pipeline, depending on the amount of oil loss at the site of oil leaks. It gives an opportunity to calculate the amount of oil loss and to evaluate the environmental hazards caused by oil pipeline transportation emergencies. It is based on the equations of motion and continuity of fluid flow. This technique makes it possible to calculate the pressure at each point of a pipeline in transient mode caused by changes in pressure at the beginning and at the end of the section and the emergence of concentrated oil offtake. It also gives an opportunity to monitor the change in mode parameters along the pipeline under conditions of pipeline depressurization. Maximum discrepancy in calculation results becomes typical when the range of fluctuations is maximal. It has been established that discrepancy increases when the distance from the source of perturbation becomes bigger. The discrepancy in calculation results is practically non-existent for the pressure fluctuations at the point of perturbation start (). Based on the results of calculations, the author constructs a graph of pressure change of the oscillatory process in the oil pipeline caused by the jump in the pressure at the beginning and at the end of the section, and the presence of probable leaks at the certain point of the pipeline route. The line section of the main oil pipelines is the most dangerous part since all emergencies are associated with emergency processes of different intensity in the form of outflow of oil into the environment, and are dangerous because of system breakdowns can take place. Both the process of the generation of the oil pollution zone and its time period depend on the amount of oil leakage, its intensity and depth of the oil pipeline.
21
Pyrih, Т. Yu, Ya V. Doroshenko, and Ya І. Matviichuk. "The investigation of the stress-strain state of beam crossings with a truss-form supporting element of the operating pipeline." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 3(76) (September 27, 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-3(76)-71-84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The areas of application and advantages of the over-ground piping or pipe section layout are given. The classification according to the design features of the most common systems of overhead pipeline crossings on the basis of generalization of scientific publications and experience of pipeline construction are considered. The authors indicate the ranges of the effective spans for rectilinear single-span and multi-span crossings without compensators of longitudinal strains (with the fixed ends) and also in multi-span systems with compensators depending on the diameter of pipes, nominal pipe wall thickness and brand of pipe steel for gas, oil and oil-products pipelines respectively. The description of the design of beam systems of overhead pipeline crossings with a truss-form supporting element of the operating pipeline is given and the procedure for estimating their stress-strain state is suggested. According to the constructed cargo and unit calculation schemes of the truss with a cross-section in the form of an isosceles triangle (height – 3 m, width – 2.02 m) the stiffness coefficients of elastic-malleable supports is determined. The selection of cross-sections of truss members is carried out, the required deflections of the pipeline and the emerging internal force factors (bending moments and reactions of elastic-malleable supports) at the points where the pipeline rests on the truss are found. The strength of the pipeline to the action of the maximum bending moment is checked and the possibility of the cross-water layout of the beam crossing of the gas pipeline is shown. This is the gas pipeline with the length of . It has compensators with a truss-form supporting element which eliminates the use of intermediate supports. Thus, it was shown that the truss makes it possible to double or triple the length of the span using no intermediate supports and preserving sufficient horizontal rigidity.
22
Murzakhanov, G. Kh, A. A. Barsukov, A. S. Semenov, and A. V. Makshin. "ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS OF STRENGTH AND RELIABILITY OF A SECTION OF A STEEL GAS PIPELINE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT VERTICAL SECTIONS ON THE NOVODEVICHY DUKER PROJECT WITH APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 279 (June 2020): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.06.pp.024-026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Article considered main stages of strength calculation of the steel gas pipeline under the Novodevichy Duker project. Specialists of the Moscow city Center used the basis of the finite element for calculation. The list of tasks consists of: 1. Strength calculation of the underground laying gas pipeline section. 2. The calculation of the stability of the two vertical sections. According to the results of strength calculation, specialists made the conclusion about ensuring the strength and stability of the considered section of the gas pipeline.
23
Murzakhanov, G. Kh, A. A. Barsukov, A. S. Semenov, and A. V. Makshin. "ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS OF STRENGTH AND RELIABILITY OF A SECTION OF A STEEL GAS PIPELINE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT VERTICAL SECTIONS ON THE NOVODEVICHY DUKER PROJECT WITH APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 279 (June 2020): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.06.pp.024-026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Article considered main stages of strength calculation of the steel gas pipeline under the Novodevichy Duker project. Specialists of the Moscow city Center used the basis of the finite element for calculation. The list of tasks consists of: 1. Strength calculation of the underground laying gas pipeline section. 2. The calculation of the stability of the two vertical sections. According to the results of strength calculation, specialists made the conclusion about ensuring the strength and stability of the considered section of the gas pipeline.
24
Wang, Jiayi, Yitian Li, Li Pan, Zhiqiang Lai, and Shengqi Jian. "Study of the Sediment Transport Law in a Reverse-Slope Section of a Pressurized Pipeline." Water 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 3042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article reveals the change law of the head loss and critical deposition velocity during hydraulic transmission of a solid–liquid two-phase pipeline. This article also establishes a physical test model. A single variable is used to conduct the experimental research by changing the conditions of the pipeline flow rate, the sediment concentration, and the reverse slope degree. Based on an analysis of the test process, a new formula is proposed to determine the critical sedimentation rate of the pipeline that considers a change in the adverse slope. By analyzing the variation rule of the hydraulic slope of the pipeline sediment in different states and comparing the hydraulic slope of the horizontal pipeline and reverse pipeline in different states, different factors that influence head loss are revealed. Finally, the measured value of this test is compared with the Durand equation and the Worster equation. It was found that the measured value of this test was more similar to the Durand equation. This study not only provides theoretical support for sand removal in pipelines but also promotes sedimentation in reservoirs.
25
Bekibayev, T. T., G. I. Ramazanova, M. A. Pakhomov, and D. Zh Bossinov. "Determination of optimal oil pumping plans." Kompleksnoe ispolʹzovanie mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 320, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the results of determining the optimal plans for pumping oil through the main oil pipelines of Kazakhstan. The calculation methodology is based on determining the minimum unit cost of pumping depending on oil flow rate. Oil pumping energy-saving modes are determined under optimal operating conditions of pumping units and heating furnaces at stations. Determination of the optimal pumping plan is implemented as a separate module of the SmartTranPro software. Pumped oil volumes on the oil pipeline sections were determined on the basis of the automated system of control and metering of electrical energy data of KazTransOil JSC. Optimal pumping plans for monthly oil volumes in the Kalamkas – Karazhanbas and Dzhumagaliev – Atasu pipeline sections for cold and warm periods were calculated on the basis of the found dependence of the pumping unit cost. For each range of oil mass flow rate, specific costs for oil pumping and a list of operating pumps at oil pumping stations located along the pipeline section are indicated.
26
GAWĘDZKI, Wacław, Dariusz LEPIARCZYK, and Jerzy TARNOWSKI. "A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF DYNAMIC GROUND ACTIONS ON MOMENTARY VALUES OF FRICTION FORCES AT THE GAS PIPELINE-BACKFILL INTERFACE." Tribologia 278, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6959.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buried pipelines are subjected to the action of static forces and moments caused by friction forces at the pipeline-ground contact. At the same time, pipelines are subjected to dynamic actions generated by paraseismic pulses, in particular, in areas of mining and heavy traffic. The paper presents and experimentally verifies a test method of tribological pipeline-soil interaction in conditions of artificially induced soil static and dynamic actions. The applied test methodology allows the determination of friction forces at the tested pipeline section. The friction forces changes over time on the pipeline and soil surface for the varying pipeline tensioning forces were continuously recorded during the tests. Based on the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) of signals, the paper presents the impact of dynamic actions on momentary values of measured friction forces. Relationships are given that allow the determination of friction forces between the pipeline and the soil, including their limit values resulting in the loss of the mutual adhesion of the pipeline and the soil.
27
Kapitonova, T. A., G. P. Struchkova, and A. I. Levin. "Assessment of the geocryological risks of the route of the linear part of the underground pipeline laid in permafrost soils." Issues of Risk Analysis 16, no. 4 (September 1, 2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2019-16-4-24-31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of forecasting and assessing the condition of underground pipelines laid in the cryolithozone is among the most urgent, priority areas of fundamental and applied research, as the violation of their work aff ects the security of the region. The real danger for underground pipelines laid in the cryolithozone is the change in the state of frozen soil around the pipeline, which can lead to uneven subsidence or buckling of the soil and, as a result, to bending and damage to the pipeline. One of the methods of detection and identifi cation of dangerous geocryological processes is geotechnical monitoring, in which the state of the natural and technical system is estimated as a result of various surveys. Geotechnical monitoring materials are heterogeneous, dependent on many factors, interrelated data. As a result of the analysis of literature, statistical data on accidents and failures of similar pipelines, experts ‘ knowledge, the factors (concepts) obtained from the materials of geotechnical monitoring and aff ecting the dynamics of geocryological processes aff ecting the pipeline route were determined. Analysis of such weakly structured data is associated with many diffi culties and can be performed using cognitive modeling methods and technologies. In this paper we consider the evaluation of the probability of activation of geocryological processes in the pipeline section and ranking of pipeline sections according to the degree of danger of geocryological processes using fuzzy logic and geotechnical monitoring data. The proposed model is performed in Fuzzy Logic MATLAB using the Mamdani algorithm. The results show that the proposed model can be used as a tool for the analysis of geocryological risks in the problems of ranking sections of the long-distance trunk pipeline in terms of the degree of danger on permafrost soils.
28
Shotskiy, S. A., and S. L. Golofast. "Analysis of the Linear Section Risk Level Including Changes in the Pipe Material Strength Properties during Main Oil Pipeline Operations." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 3 (March 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-3-7-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Strength properties of the pipe material are random variables and have a statistical straggling that differs for pipe products of different grades. Distribution of these properties significantly effects on the results of calculating the current level of strength reliability and risk of linear sections for the main pipelines. The reliability of such calculations results depends not only on the distribution that obeys the strength properties of the pipe material at the surveyed section, but also on the dispersion limits of these properties. At present, the main pipelines have significant service lives. Due to this, when making assessment of the technical condition, safety, and risk level of linear sections, the issue is raised of how stable the distribution is related to the pipe steel strength properties with an increase of the service life for the main pipeline. The results of studies are presented concerning the actual distribution and limits of dispersion for the strength properties of pipe steel grade 17G1S after a long-term operation of the main pipeline. It is established that the regularities and strength properties dissipation limits for the material of a pipe made of the above steel are changing with time. Based on the results of the study, a practical example is considered related to the assessment of the effect of the identified changes on the probability of failure and the risk level for one of sections at the linear part of the main oil pipeline. The results obtained in the work substantiate the need in considering changes in the distribution of strength properties that arises with an increase in the main pipelines service life. The outlined approach allows to increase the reliability of risk assessment results for the main pipelines having long-term service life.
29
Котляревский and Vladimir Kotlyarevskiy. "Condition Forecasting of Underground Main Pipelines in Permafrost Regions." Safety in Technosphere 2, no. 3 (June 25, 2013): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problems relating to assessment of pipelines operated in the permafrost were analyzed and the need to resolve them was justified. Possible methods and software tools allowing the systematic approach implementation to forecasting the stress state of pipelines were presented. The strength prediction algorithm of main pipelines upon deformation due to the soil subsidence in the thawing areoles in permafrost sections was shown. The calculation of thawing and subsidence zone is based on existing rules with adaptation to underground pipelines. For operation safety control the alternative calculations of main oil pipeline durability for real conditions of the route section in the Amur region district have been executed.
30
Chоvniuk, Yuriy, Petro Cherednichenko, Anna Moskvitina, and Iryna Peftieva. "RESEARCH OF SOURCES OF VIBRATION IN ELEMENTS OF PIPELINES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS AND CONSTRUCTIONS TRANSPORTING HIGH-VISCOSITY LIQUIDS." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 76 (March 1, 2021): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.76.308-319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the signing of the Association Agreement with the EU, Ukraine took a number of obligations to reduce primary energy costs, incl. and in heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems and reduce the energy consumption of production. Along with this, the problem of thermal pollution of the environment, caused by an increase in emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants into the atmospheric air with exhaust air, also requires a solution. All this requires the design of reliable and efficient energy storage systems, which will not only provide a stable energy supply to consumers, but also increase the energy utilization rate, as well as modernization of production processes and effective methods of cleaning exhaust air before it is released into the atmosphere. A method for studying vibration sources in pipeline elements of heat exchangers and structures transporting high-viscosity liquids, for example, in heat exchangers for charging and discharging heat accumulators, pipelines for transporting concrete solution and pipelines and structural elements for removing a mixture of dirt that is formed in scrubbers when cleaning dirty air with using water droplets from dust. To combat pipeline vibrations, proper design of pipeline systems is of great importance, which makes it possible to influence the hydrodynamic forces in pipelines and structural elements, which are the sources of these vibrations. It is shown that the hydrodynamic forces in pipelines are distributed over their entire inner surface, and in determining them it is useful to follow the path of a number of simplifications. It is useful to go from forces distributed over the surface to forces distributed along the axis of the pipeline by averaging the forces acting along the perimeter of each section. Since the forces along the axis of the pipeline are very unevenly distributed, it has been experimentally shown that the most intense are the hydrodynamic forces in the sections with abrupt changes in the geometry of the channel (the so-called local resistances), therefore, slightly curved sections of a constant cross-section should prevail, since the hydrodynamic forces in them are much less. The coefficients of similarity of the hydrodynamic force have been established, which depend only on the properties of the medium flowing through such channels. The same coefficients of similarity were found for the moments of forces. The spectra of force and characteristic frequencies are determined, where the intensity of the force is high.
31
Ortloff, Charles R. "Hydraulic Engineering at 100 BC-AD 300 Nabataean Petra (Jordan)." Water 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 3498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The principal water supply and distribution systems of the World Heritage site of Petra in Jordan were analyzed to bring forward water engineering details not previously known in the archaeological literature. The three main water supply pipeline systems sourced by springs and reservoirs (the Siq, Ain Braq, and Wadi Mataha pipeline systems) were analyzed for their different pipeline design philosophies that reflect different geophysical landscape challenges to provide water supplies to different parts of urban Petra. The Siq pipeline system’s unique technical design reflects use of partial flow in consecutives sections of the main pipeline to support partial critical flow in each section that reduce pipeline leakage and produce the maximum flow rate the Siq pipeline can transport. An Ain Braq pipeline branch demonstrated a new hydraulic engineering discovery not previously reported in the literature in the form of an offshoot pipeline segment leading to a water collection basin adjacent to and connected to the main water supply line. This design eliminates upstream water surges arising from downstream flow instabilities in the two steep pipelines leading to a residential sector of Petra. The Wadi Mataha pipeline system is constructed at the critical angle to support the maximum flow rate from a reservoir. The analyses presented for these water supply and distribution systems brought forward aspects of the Petra urban water supply system not previously known, revising our understanding of Nabataean water engineers’ engineering knowledge.
32
Xiong, Junnan, Ming Sun, Hao Zhang, Weiming Cheng, Yinghui Yang, Mingyuan Sun, Yifan Cao, and Jiyan Wang. "Application of the Levenburg–Marquardt back propagation neural network approach for landslide risk assessments." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 629–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-629-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Landslide disasters are one of the main risks involved with the operation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines. Because previously established disaster risk models are too subjective, this paper presents a quantitative model for regional risk assessment through an analysis of the patterns of historical landslide disasters along oil and gas pipelines. Using the Guangyuan section of the Lanzhou–Chengdu–Chongqing (LCC) long-distance multiproduct oil pipeline (82 km) in China as a case study, we successively carried out two independent assessments: a susceptibility assessment and a vulnerability assessment. We used an entropy weight method to establish a system for the vulnerability assessment, whereas a Levenberg–Marquardt back propagation (LM-BP) neural network model was used to conduct the susceptibility assessment. The risk assessment was carried out on the basis of two assessments. The first, the system of the vulnerability assessment, considered the pipeline position and the angle between the pipe and the landslide (pipeline laying environmental factors). We also used an interpolation theory to generate the standard sample matrix of the LM-BP neural network. Accordingly, a landslide susceptibility risk zoning map was obtained based on susceptibility and vulnerability assessment. The results show that about 70 % of the slopes were in high-susceptibility areas with a comparatively high landslide possibility and that the southern section of the oil pipeline in the study area was in danger. These results can be used as a guide for preventing and reducing regional hazards, establishing safe routes for both existing and new pipelines, and safely operating pipelines in the Guangyuan area and other segments of the LCC oil pipeline.
33
Henzell, Steve, and Fiona Read. "Casino pipeline: novel pipeline integrity inspection." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Casino offshore pipeline required inspection to demonstrate the integrity of the pipeline and allow the operating life of the pipeline to be extended. There were numerous challenges in performing a conventional internal pipeline inspection which would have required diver operations to install and operate subsea pig launchers. Two alternative inspection methods were used to inspect the high priority sections of the pipeline, at the pipeline tees and in the horizontal directionally drilled (HDD) section of pipeline at the coastline crossing.The pipeline tees and well flowlines were inspected using an external magnetic flux inspection tool deployed by remotely operated vehicle (ROV), to test for top-of-line corrosion. Bi-directional pigging from the onshore valve station, offshore for 30 km using gas from the host gas plant and then return to the shore using gas from the offshore wells allowed for inspection of the HDD pipeline with a total of 10 bi-direction pig runs completed. The pig position was accurately predicted by monitoring the operating conditions of the pipeline and confirmed by displacement past the subsea well closest to shore (Casino 5). The novel pigging methods brought significant benefits for cost, schedule and reduced EHS exposure by avoiding diver operations. The cost of the overall inspection program was less than 25% of the conventional inspection methods and was achieved a year earlier than if a dive support vessel (DSV) had been mobilised. The bi-directional pigging campaign proved to be highly successful.
34
Lu, Qun, Hui Xia Li, and Jian Bo Yuan. "3D FEM Analysis of Effects on Adjacent Pipelines by Pit Excavation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pit excavation influences the stress and deformation of adjacent underground pipelines seriously. On the base of former study, the project was analyzed with the aid of general finite element soft ABAQUS, in which the interactive action of soil with pipeline and pit protection structure were taken into account. Wall-soil friction and pipeline-soil friction contact were used. The influence on adjacent pipelines of pit excavation was analyzed. The laws of deformation and the stress were gained. The results showed that the horizontal displacement was much bigger than the vertical displacement, and the pipeline would lift at the end close to the symmetric plane and fall at the other end. The displacement would decrease with the increment of the distance between pit and pipelines. The laws of influence of the pipeline’s embedment and wall-soil friction were similar, while the latter’s influence was greater than the former’s. The influence on horizontal displacement aroused by wall-soil friction was greater. The principle tensile stress mainly aroused by the pipeline’s horizontal displacement would cause tension fracture. The sections of the pipeline around the area of the end and the middle of the pit were dangerous, which should be particularly protected.
35
Novikov, Leonid, and Oleksandr Bokii. "Calculation of degassing networks taking into account the accumulation of the liquid phase." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of accounting for the accumulation of liquid in the mine degassing network during gas-dynamic calculations is considered. Geometry of fluid accumulation in the cross section of degassing pipeline and the formulas for geometric parameters are presented. A scheme of wave generation on the liquid surface is considered. Dependence for the coefficient of resistance to interfacial friction on the liquid surface is proposed. Formulas for calculation of gas-dynamic parameters on the pipeline section are given. The results calculation of the resistance coefficients in the place accumulation of liquid, changes in flow and pressure of the gas mixture are presented. Calculations carried out for pipelines with accumulations of liquid.
36
Putradianto, Ristiyan Ragil, and Silvya Dewi Rahmawati. "DIAMETER OPTIMIZATION IN MULTIPHASE PIPELINE NETWORK." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 9, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v9i2.7232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Optimization is a continuous work in oil and gas operation in every section by maximizing the profit and minimizing cost. One of the sections that can be optimized is production system, starting from the wellbore to separator through pipeline network. Simulation are made and conducted from reservoir to separator to see the pressure distribution along the pipeline with various diameter. The result will be subject to be optimized by putting pipeline cost into account. The simulation result shows that at some point, increasing in diameter has a good effect to the revenue thanks to the increasing production rate, but it also shows that the increasing diameter in all section is not always the best scenario due to high cost. Benefit-to-cost ratio is chosen to be the economical parameter to find the best diameter configuration.</p>
37
BIELIKOV, V., and Z. MATSUK. "REGULATORY PROVISION OF SAFETY OF GAS TRANSPORT. CONSTRUKTIONAL DESIGN OF MOBILE COMPRESSOR STATIONS." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270421.13.746.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Problem statement. The basis for the safety and efficiency of the main gas transportation in the world is the tightness of the gas transportation system. A component of the level of industrial safety and efficiency of gas transmission enterprises is the emissions of natural gas into the working area, the environment and the associated costs. Numerous methods of repairing pipeline gas transportation facilities, such as enhancing the bearing capacity of pipelines, repairing defects under gas pressure without interrupting the transportation process, etc., are either not devoid of risks from the point of view of industrial safety, or are energy and resource inefficient. The main type of repair that restores the operable state of the gas transmission system is the replacement of defective equipment, but it is still associated with the release of large volumes of natural gas into the environment. In the second decade of the 2000s, thanks to the rapid development of compressor technology and the invention of a sufficient number of ways to connect compressor units (stations) to main gas pipelines, without stopping the gas transportation process, gas transmission enterprises of the world had a real opportunity to evacuate gas from pipeline sections subject to repair (maintenance ) or accumulate it (control gas pressure in local areas), but the analysis of world experience in the development of gas pressure control technology in localized sections of gas pipelines allows us to assert that there are certain disparities between them in terms of operational safety and the complete absence of regulatory support for the transportation process in Ukraine gas using mobile compressor stations. With this approach to the production process, it is difficult to improve the safety and efficiency of the gas transportation process. The potential for reducing natural gas emissions from the world's gas industry reaches billions of cubic meters of natural gas per year. Purpose of the article. Development of technical requirements for mobile compressor units (stations), which will make it possible to design domestic gas compressor units (stations) capable of safely performing work on pumping natural gas from a localized section of the main gas pipeline to an existing main gas pipeline, within no more than 96 hours, without restrictions on gas supply to consumers. Conclusion. The technical requirements developed by us for mobile compressor units (stations) allow us to design domestic compressor units (stations) capable of safely performing work on pumping natural gas from a localized section of the main gas pipeline to the existing main gas pipeline, within no more than 96 hours, without restrictions on gas supply to consumers.
38
Pos, J. D., K. S. Russell, and J. A. Zwamborn. "WAVE FORCE AND MOVEMENT CALCULATIONS FOR A FLEXIBLE OCEAN OUTFALL PIPELINE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The design process for the calculation of wave forces and movements for a flexible (plastic) ocean outfall is described. The design procedure is illustrated using a case study of the design of two High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines of 0,9 m and 1,0 m 0D (4 290 m and 5 45Q m long) constructed at Richards Bay, South Africa, to dispose of dense and buoyant effluent respectively. The pipeline anchor weights are based on the 1 in 1 year wave forces on the pipeline, implying that the pipeline is allowed to move during its design life. Special star anchor weights are used which keep the pipe clear of the bed while maintaining the stability of the pipeline. Friction tests were undertaken with a section of pipeline and two star weights, above water on concrete and sand and below water on sand, to determine realistic friction coefficients for the pipeline design. The results of these tests are summarised in this paper. It was found that the mean friction coefficient for submerged star weights on sand was 0,75. The movements of sections of the 0,9 m OD pipeline were calculated using a finite difference computer programme developed by Prof I Larsen and the results are summarised in the paper. It was found that movements of 1 to 2 m could occur under design wave conditions (50 to 100 year waves) and these were considered acceptable provided that the pipeline was not obstructed by rock outcrops.
39
Wei, Xiaolong, Wenshuai Jiao, Xi Zeng, Danfu Zhang, and Guofeng Du. "Mechanical Behavior of Buried Pipelines Subjected to Faults." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 22, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9984519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The length of buried pipelines usually extends thousands of meters or more in engineering, and it is difficult to carry out full-scale tests in the laboratory. Therefore, considering the seriousness of pipeline damage and the difficulty of operating tests and other test limitations, it is necessary to develop a reasonable method to simplify the length of the model for a practical lab test. In this research, an equivalent spring model was established to simulate the small deformation section of the pipeline far away from the fault and the effect of fault displacements, pipeline diameters, wall thicknesses, buried depths, soil materials, and spring constraints on the mechanical properties of pipelines was analyzed. Based on the finite element model using ABAQUS software, the results of the shell model with fixed boundary at both ends were compared; in addition, the dynamic effect of pipelines was investigated. The results show that the two-end spring device can better control the size of the test model and enhance the reliability of the test results. The vibration response of the pipeline mainly depends on the inconsistent movement of soil at both ends of the fault. The analysis results show that choosing a larger pipeline diameter, smaller buried depth, noncohesive backfill soil, and spring with a smaller elastic coefficient is beneficial to reduce pipeline strain and resist pipeline deformation. A simplified formula of the axial compressive strain of buried pipelines across oblique-slip fault is obtained.
40
Bayburova, Minsariya, and Zulfiya Ismagilova. "Using the Mathematical Criterion of Gas Pipeline Failure to Determine the Remaining Operation Life." EPJ Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124804021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the years of operation, underground pipelines deteriorate because of aging, wear, damage, and destruction. A comprehensive inspection of the main pipeline revealed various defects on a certain pipeline route section. To identify the remaining operation life of the pipeline, a number of hydraulic tensile strength tests were performed using the cyclic loading method. The authors propose to calculate the minimum allowable wall thickness capable of withstanding the maximum internal pressure, as an alternative to cyclic hydraulic tests. The strength calculations were performed using the well-known mathematical strength criteria proposed by K.V. Zakharov and I.I. Goldenblatt and V.A. Kopnov.
41
Grudz, V. Ya, T. F. Tutko, and O. Ya Dubei. "Forced oscillations of the main gas pipeline open section during the cleaning piston passage." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 2(75) (August 31, 2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-2(75)-7-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of forced oscillations of an open section of a gas pipeline during the cleaning piston passage belongs to the type of problems of forced oscillations of one-dimensional elastic objects under the influence of a moving inertial load on them. Currently, there are two ways to solve such problems. The first way is related to the integration of the partial differential equation and the solution of such problems is a superposition of eigen-oscillations and accompanying oscillations. The second way does not involve the integration of the partial dif-ferential equation. Methods of generalized coordinates, generalized displacements and various numerical methods belong to the second type of solving. None of the mentioned methods is simple. Therefore, the authors suggest the method, in which the first mathematical model provides the determination of forced oscillations of the gas pipeline section during the passage of the cleaning piston without taking into account its inertial load on the gas pipeline. In future, on the basis of the first model it is planned to develop the second mathematical model which will provide an approximate determination of the deflections of the pipeline axis, taking into account the inertial load of the piston on the pipeline. The purpose of this article is to obtain a solution to the problem of forced oscillations of the pipeline section during the passage of the cleaning piston without taking into account the inertial forces on the pipeline. The problem is solved by partial differential equation, Fourier method is applied. The right side of the non-homogeneous differential equation is decomposed into an infinite series, which is the sum of the produc-tions of the eigenfunctions of the pipeline section free oscillations and the unknown function of time. After finding out this function, the authors determine the unknown time function in the Fourier method and hence the solution of the problem in the form of an infinite series, the summands of which lessen rapidly. The authors calculate the deflections of the pipeline axis along the entire section of the gas pipeline for different points of time, as well as deflections of individual sections changing in time and moments of deflection.
42
Kim, Kibum, Mincheol Kim, Jeewon Seo, and Jayong Koo. "Renewal prioritization of multi-regional water supply pipelines through water supply risk assessment." Water Supply 16, no. 2 (November 12, 2015): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Republic of Korea, multi-regional water supply pipelines were intensively laid during the rapid economic growth period; however, these pipelines are now aging. The cost of renewal of the aged pipelines would be enormous. Therefore, limited resources need to be distributed effectively in accordance with the priority of renewal. In this study, the risks involved in the multi-regional water supply pipeline of region K were calculated and assessed for setting the priority of renewal. The probability of failure of the pipeline was calculated through a quantification theory, and the effects of failure on the water supply pipeline were calculated by interpreting a pressure driven analysis. The risk considering the probability and consequence of failure comprehensively was found to be the largest at section A12. Three alternatives were considered for risk reduction, and the effect of each alternative on the risk reduction was analyzed. As a result, the construction of double piping by laying a new pipeline was found to be the most effective measure for risk reduction. The results of this study can be utilized as the basic data for establishing an investment plan for the renewal of the water supply pipeline and asset management plan.
43
Mozgova, A. S., and O. P. Terekhova. "Calculation of Heat Losses Through Non-Insulated Pipelines of a Waste-Heat Recovery System in a Thermal Power Plant." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 5 (February 1, 2022): 052034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/5/052034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The paper considers the calculation of heat losses through a non-insulated pipeline section of a waste-heat recovery system in a thermal power plant. The waste-heat recovery system of a power generator includes two circuits from each unit and the network water pipelines. The first circuit of the waste-heat recovery system is the high-temperature cooling loop of the generator gas reciprocating engine. The first circuit extracts heat from the engine cooling jacket. The second circuit of the waste-heat recovery system consists of the engine exhausts heat recovery boiler, heat exchanger (heated side), network plate-type heat exchangers, and a pipeline system. In the second circuit, the heat of the first circuit and the heat of the exhausts in the heat recovery boiler is extracted. The recovery boiler pipeline with no thermal insulation is routed on the roof of the thermal power plant. The research objective was to determine the actual heat losses through the non-insulated pipeline section and to compare the obtained data with the regulatory one.
44
Salnikov, A. V., and A. A. Ignatik. "Application of the combined probabilisticstatistical methods of quantitative assessment of strength and durability of main pipelines with single and combined defects." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 5 (November 17, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2019-5-115-124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Main gas and oil pipelines are the most important objects of the fuel and energy complex of the state. They are subjected to strict requirements for reliable and safe operation. Therefore, it is necessary to assess their strength (current strength) and durability (prediction strength) when operating main pipelines. The wall of the pipes of the existing main pipelines is subjected to various loads and influences. To prevent pipeline failure, strength and durability calculations are performed. The parameters of the load and mechanical resistance of the pipes are taken into account when calculating. Therefore, the "load — resistance" model is used to quantify the reliability of the main pipeline. This paper presents the main theoretical provisions of the methodology for assessing the strength and durability of trunk pipelines with single and combined defects in the framework of a combined probabilistic-statistical approach, and also an example of the use of the technique for a section of a trunk pipeline examined by an inline flaw detector.
45
Malysheva, Anna. "Environmental justification of the distribution of pressure drop in a dead-end low-pressure gas network." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 08015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125808015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gas supply system is determined by the classes of the elements of the gas transmission network associated with the pressure of the pumped natural gas. Laying gas pipelines in urban areas requires sufficient space around the pipes as a safety zone. The gas pipelines of the first level include gas communications in which the methane pressure is high or medium. To eliminate dead-end sections, gas pipelines are backed up (duplicating individual segments or ringing). The creation of a dead-end network is allowed only in small settlements. Dead-end network is a gas pipeline branching in various directions to gas consumers. Each section of the branched network has a one-way power supply.
46
Hassani, Nemat, Mahdi Shadab Far, and Hadi Kordestani. "Effects of Crossing Angle on the Behavior of Buried Steel Pipelines Crossing Fault." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most important factors that may cause a buried steel pipeline to reach the failure limit is the permanent ground displacement. In this paper, assuming SHELL element for pipeline and SOLID element for soil and also considering the interaction of pipe-soil, analysis of buried pipelines crossing fault and parametric study of pipeline behavior were performed. The results of this study show that the behavior of buried pipelines crossing fault is not sensitive to the pipe-fault crossing angle. The main reason for this is the immense strain of the pipe due to the section deformation and local buckling of the pipe body that is caused by the permanent ground displacement. The strain from this phenomenon is so great that the pipe-fault crossing angle cannot have much effect on it. The research also shows that it is better to consider pipe bending than dealing with the pipe-fault crossing angle, because it is a more important parameter in the behavior of buried pipelines crossing faults, and it has a meaningful relationship with the reached maximum strain in the pipeline.
47
Liu, Enbin, Wensheng Li, Hongjun Cai, Weibiao Qiao, and Mohammadamin Azimi. "Calculation method for the amount of contaminant oil during sequential transportation through product oil pipelines." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 4 (March 5, 2020): 1014–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720911158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A considerable amount of oil contamination is caused by the presence of the trailing oil. This paper aims to simulate and analyze the influences of trailing oil on the quality of oil products in undulating sections. By studying the formation mechanism of mixed oil at inclining pipeline sections and the influences of velocity and oil batches on incline sections, as well as both ups and downs, the correlation is obtained between replacement time of different batches and velocity at various sections. By applying FLUENT 14.5, the maximum time of volume fraction of contaminant oil from 1% to 99% is simulated at cross-sections among different pipeline sections. Aiming at the relationship between oil product replacement time and change time of mixing section volume fraction and flow velocity, the mixing increment of undulating section relative to straight section is obtained. Combining with the empirical mixing length calculation equation, the equation for calculating mixing length considering terrain undulation is obtained. Combined with the actual operation data of Lan-Chengyu’s product oil pipeline, the error of the new mixed oil length calculation equation and actual oil mixing is 0.7966%. Excessive cutting amount of mixed oil will result in the waste of refined oil, and the less cutting amount will cause pollution of refined oil. The new mixed oil length calculation equation can more accurately guide the oil mixing cutting work at the oil station.
48
Shelofast, V. V., V. V. Shelofast, and A. A. Zamriy. "Validation of Solutions for Dynamic Analysis of Pipeline Systems by Comparing the Results of Calculations Obtained in the Russian CAE system APM StructFEM and in ANSYS as Applied to Seismic Resistance Problems." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 04 (721) (April 2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-4-34-43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modeling pipelines using special tubular finite elements is a convenient tool for the analysis of pipeline systems. Such a formulation significantly reduces the dimension of the problem being solved and significantly accelerates the time required to perform calculation procedures. These advantages can be explained by a modeling feature that involves the use of a pipe model in the form of a rod having an annular cross section. This paper presents solutions to the problem of dynamic analysis of pipeline systems, including analysis of the pipeline response to seismic effects. The work was performed to assess the reliability of the dynamic solutions obtained using the Russian CAE system APM StructFEM.
49
Liu, Qing. "Study on the Oil Pipeline Design of R Oil Field." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 3, no. 3 (December 14, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v3i3.2453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It’s a compressive article consists of three parts, an overview of pipeline development in China, oil pipeline design for R oilfield and pipeline management suggestions. First, this article introduces the current status of pipeline construction, oil pipeline technology and gas pipeline technology in China in recent years. The current status of China’s pipeline construction is divided into three stages. In terms of construction, pipeline construction is developing in the direction of intelligence and modernization. Long-distance oil pipelines require technical breakthroughs in two aspects. One is the sequential oil product delivery technology to improve the type of oil that can be delivered sequentially; the second is the viscosity reduction delivery technology for heavy oil. Gas transmission pipelines are developing in the direction of high pressure, large diameter and high steel grade. Secondly, based on all the pipeline development above, in order to meet the development of R oil field, an oil-water two-phase pipeline transportation design and a pipeline crossing river design were carried out. Under the condition of the design pressure of the pipeline of 5.5MPa, it is preferable to produce a pipeline of φ219×6.5mm, and the steel grade of the pipeline is L360. A heating station and pumping station are needed in the transportation process, and the heating station and pumping station are combined for one construction. Considering that the strata of the river crossing section are mainly gravel sand layer, clay layer and non-lithological stratum, horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is adopted for river crossing, and suggestions are made for the construction process. Finally, after the pipeline was put into production, the corresponding auxiliary production system and supporting engineering suggestions were put forward.
50
Vladimir, Sokolov, Igor` Razov, and Andrey Dmitriev. "Influence of the length parameter of an underground oil pipeline on the frequency of free oscillation." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016403024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of finding the natural frequencies of thin-walled underground oil pipelines is solved, based on the application of a semi-momentless theory of cylindrical shells of medium bending, in which bending moments in the longitudinal direction are not taken into account in view of their smallness compared with moments acting in the transverse direction. The solution to this approach is a fourth-order homogeneous differential equation satisfying the boundary conditions of articulation at each end. This equation includes the parameters of the length, internal pressure, thinness of the pipeline, as well as the values of the coefficient of elastic resistance of the soil, the attached mass of the soil and the attached mass of the flowing oil. Based on the data obtained by the derived formulas, the frequency characteristics of large-diameter thin-walled underground oil pipelines are determined depending on the length of the element, as well as on the soil conditions. It has been established that the minimum frequencies are realized for shell modes of vibration with a length parameter of the pipeline section (the ratio of the length of the section to the radius) not exceeding 13. A formula is derived that allows one to determine the boundary between the use of the rod and shell theory for calculating pipelines for dynamic effects. Using the dynamic stability criterion, in which the frequency of natural oscillations vanishes, expressions are derived that allow one to determine the external critical pressure on the wall of the pipeline, which takes into account the length of the pipeline, as well as the number of half waves in the transverse and longitudinal directions, in which the pipeline goes into emergency condition.