Дисертації з теми "Section of the pipeline"
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1
Miller, Hennessy Felicia, and Hennessy Felicia Miller. "Assessment of Ephemeral Channel Cross-Section Morphology Following Pipeline Construction in Southern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Morphologic change of ephemeral stream cross-sections is a natural component of fluvial geomorphology but disruptions to natural erosion and deposition by anthropogenic disturbances has the potential for cascading impacts down the channel corridor. The proximal impact of a natural gas pipeline construction on ephemeral stream cross-section geometry in southern Arizona was evaluated from July 2014 (pre-construction) to July 2016 (two years post construction). Cross-sections at three locations (upstream the pipeline Right-Of-Way (ROW)), through the middle of the ROW, and downstream of the ROW) were measured using Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) and field methods for 16 ephemeral streams. Results of both the LIDAR and field measurements indicated insignificant difference in cross-sectional area change between upstream, across, and downstream-ROW cross-sections [(F 2,64) = 0.341, p = 0.73; (F2,18)= 0.980, p = 0.395]. Sediment generated during pipeline construction appeared to have moved beyond the physical confines of the study site, which limited the assessment of larger-scale geomorphic impacts. Furthermore, the 2014-2016 study period experienced only small (high-recurrence frequency) precipitation events, indicating the absence of large flows capable of significant morphologic change. To further explain differences in cross-section area change between LIDAR datasets, a linear regression model was used to assess the predictive value of nine variables: year of measurement, drainage area, drainage density, basin slope, upstream-, across-, downstream-ROW cross-section locations, percent bare soil in basin, percent mesquite in basin, total precipitation, and number of storms with average precipitation above 25 mm/hour. Though the amount of bare soil in the basin and the second study period (February 2015-July 2016) at least partially explained the changes in cross-section area, the model was not a strong predictor of morphologic change during the 2014-2016 study period. The majority of the variability in cross-sectional area change in the study basins remained unexplained.
2
Yiasoumis, Demetris. "Real Options in the Energy Sector: The Case of Oil/Natural Gas Pipeline Networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486549.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is concerned with the application of the real options methodology to value oiVnatural gas pipeline networks. A simple real option model for the valuation of an oil storage facility is presented initially to demonstrate the concept of physical energy asset valuation with respect to market price movements. The investment strategy underpinning:1he model relies on forward dynamic optimisation. We consider a single-period optimisation problem of an oiVnatural gas pipeline network. In this problem, the network is represented by a graph with vertices and arcs denoting various markets and pipelines, respectively. Each market has delivery and supply constraints and there are also pipeline capacity constraints. The objective is to maximise profit subject to satisfying all constraints by flowing oiVgas through the network. Two formulations, one path-based and the other arc-based, transforming the problem into a linear programming problem are described. The performance of the algorithm d~veloped for each formulation is evaluated. A real option model for an oil/natural gas pipeline network is presented. The model uses the arc formulation and Monte Carlo simulation. Its algorithmic implementation is tested. We extend the single-period optimisation problem by introducing multiple time periods and an oil/gas storage facility. An arc-based formulation leading to a -new linear programming problem is presented. We test the implementation algorithm constructed. A description of how to use the arc-based formulation and Monte Carlo simulation to develop a real option model for an oiVnatural gas pipeline network with storage is also provided. A real option model for an oil/natural gas pipeline network with storage is developed. The model is a stochastic dynamic programming approach and takes into account optionality that may be exercised throughout the lifetime of the network. The constructed algorithm's performance is investigated.
3
Kumaravel, Sharanya. "Enriching the genetic counseling recruitment pipeline: A national cross-sectional study of high school counselors." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1276975834.
Повний текст джерела
4
Гусарова, И. Г., та В. С. Рязанов. "Моделирование нестационарных режимов течения по участку негоризонтального трубопровода". Thesis, ХНЕУ, 2016. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/2288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В работе рассмотрена математическая модель и численный метод, позволяющие проводить моделирование нестационарных процессов течения газа в трубопроводе с учетом рельефа трассы. На их основе можно проводить управление в нештатных ситуациях и аварийных ситуациях, происходящих в газотранспортной системе, и которые позволяют вести расчет параметров газового потока с необходимой точностью и необходимым быстродействием.
5
Goglund, Filip. "The Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline & the European Union's security situation; : a case study of economic securitization." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis has investigated and analysed whether or not the Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline has affected or changed Europe's security situation. By analysing how the Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline has been described as a political or economic project by the EU, one can conclude whether the project has been securitized by the EU or not. This is done through the study of official EU documents. The documents have been analysed using framework for sector analysis and securitization as theorised by the Copenhagen School of international relations. By distinguishing the different conceptions of threat, security and methods discussed in these documents it is possible to analyse whether arguments belong to either the economic or political sector of sector analysis, and how they can be seen as signs of securitization. This has been done by utilizing qualitative text analysis in a case study framework. The thesis concludes that the Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline has not been securitized as a threat by the EU. On the contrary, the project is endorsed as a part of energy proliferation. The EU insist and encourages upon the project and several similar ones in order to ensure energy security for the EU in the future.
6
Незамай, Б. С. "Метод та пристрій контролю напружено-деформованого стану магістральних трубопроводів за їх формою перерізів". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2008. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація присвячена вирішенню проблеми оцінки напружено-деформованого стану відкритих ділянок лінійної частини магістральних трубопроводів. Показано, що відкриті ділянки лінійної частини магістральних трубопроводів знаходяться під дією різноманітних впливів, кількісний, а іноді і якісний аналіз яких в реальних умовах неможливий. Під дією зовнішніх впливів у тілі труб нагромаджуються дефекти, в тому числі дефекти форми перерізу, які впливають на загальний напружено-деформований стан конструкції. Розроблено математичну модель деформування трубопроводу, яка враховує можливі деформації його перерізів, і тим самим дозволяє більш точно описати явища, що відбуваються з лінійною частиною магістральних трубопроводів в процесі тривалої експлуатації. Розроблено первинний перетворювач та мікропроцесорний пристрій для контролю конфігурації форми перерізу труби. Створено метод відтворення просторової конфігурації відкритих ділянок трубопроводу на основі даних про форму його перерізів з використанням методу локальних варіацій.Диссертация посвящена решению проблемы оценки напряженно-деформированного состояния (НДС) открытых участков линейной части магистральных трубопроводов ЛЧМТ. Диссертация состоит из введения, четырех глав и приложений. Обоснована актуальность работы, сформулированы цели и задачи исследований, подана научная новизна и практическая ценность полученных результатов, отражены основные результаты работы. Показано, что открытые участки ЛЧМТ функционируют под воздействием разнообразных внешних факторов, количественный, а иногда и качественный анализ которых в реальных условиях невозможен. Во время длительной эксплуатации в теле трубы накапливаются дефекты, в том числе дефекты формы сечений, которые воздействуют на НДС конструкции. Проделанный анализ современного состояния диагностирования ЛЧМТ показал, что существующие системы контроля трубопроводов обладают рядом недостатков. Ограниченные функциональные возможности рассмотренных технических средств не позволяют получить всю необходимую информацию о параметрах состояния трубопровода, что влияет на результат контроля его НДС. Существующие расчетные методы определения НДС ЛЧМТ позволяют получать адекватную картину состояния только в случае, когда удается точно оценить все воздействия на участок трубопровода. Розработанная математическая модель деформирования трубопровода включает возможные деформации его сечений и, тем самым, позволяет более точно описать явления в теле трубы ЛЧМТ в процессе его эксплуатации. Впервые создан расчетный метод контроля НДС ЛЧМТ, который, в отличие от существующих, учитывает форму сечения трубы магистрального трубопровода. Создан метод восстановления пространственной конфигурации открытых участков трубопроводов на основании информации о форме его сечений с использованием метода локальных вариаций. Розработано алгоритмическое обеспечение, реализующее математическую модель деформирования трубопровода, и позволяющее моделировать НДС конкретных открытых участков ЛЧМТ. Розработано алгоритмическое и программное обеспечение метода контроля НДС трубопроводов на основании информации о координатах ограниченого числа точек поверхности трубопровода. С целью выявления требований к средствам контроля формы сечений проведены исследования методами имитационного моделирования. При этом бьло установлено, что аналитическое представление формы сечения трубопровода, полученное в результате интерполяции кубическим сплайном со сглаживанием результатов измерений может быть использован для контроля НДС трубопровода. Розработан первичный преобразователь и микропроцессорное устройство для контроля конфигурации формы сечения трубы. Промышленное использование розроботанных методов и технических средств контроля НДС при проведении ремонтных робот на участках трубопровода около села Лопушне Мижгирского района Закарпатской области Долинского ЛВУМГ подтвердило их эффективность.
The dissertation is devoled to the solution of the stress and strained state estimations problem for the trunk pipeline’s linear portion above-ground segments. It was shown, that above-ground segments of the trunk pipelines linear portion are situated under the action of different influences, the quantitative and sometimes the qualitative one’s analysis is impossible in the real working conditions. As results of these external influences action the defect’s appearence and accumulation takes place in pipeline, in particullary - the defects of section shape, which make the influence on the general stress and strained state of the construction. The mathematical model of the deformation process in pipeline is designed taking to account the possible deformation of the one’s sections. If allows to describe the processes, which take place in the trunk pipeline linear portion during the long term exploitation, with the increasing level of accuracy. The sensor and microprocessor device for the pipeline section shape configuration control are designed, the method of above-ground pipeline’s segments space configuration reconstruction is given based on the information about the one’s section shape using the local variations method.
7
Sawaya, Antoine. "Pipeline logiciel." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à l'exploitation du parallélisme à grain fin, dit aussi parallélisme d'instructions dans les processeurs vliw et super scalaires. Plus particulièrement, nous traitons le problème de l'optimisation des boucles par pipeline logiciel. Ces portions de code répétitives dominent largement le temps d'exécution des programmes scientifiques, d'où l'intérêt crucial de maîtriser leur optimisation dans la course actuelle à la performance. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions formellement le problème du découplage des contraintes de ressources et des contraintes de dépendances. Le but en est de ramener le problème d'ordonnancement des boucles à un problème d'ordonnancement classique où les méthodes d'optimisation sont mieux maîtrisées. Nous pressentons un cadre commun qui nous permet de comparer notre approche desp à deux autres techniques procédant suivant la même philosophie. Nous concluons cette partie en proposant une amélioration à l'ensemble de ces techniques, ce qui a pu être valide expérimentalement. Ces algorithmes sont développés et disponibles dans une boite à outils pilo. Cependant, le parallélisme d'instructions accroît la pression sur les registres du processeur, ce qui explique l'importance de prendre en compte cette contrainte supplémentaire, afin d'éviter une dégradation du code produit. Cette problématique nous a conduit à proposer une formulation par programmation linéaire en variables bivalentes qui permet de définir un modèle global, dans lequel, nous pouvons contrôler le nombre exact de registres requis pendant la phase d'ordonnancement. Nos expériences nous ont permis de valider notre approche et de situer les temps de résolution des programmes linéaires génèrés. L'enjeu est ici de produire un code optimal qui puisse intégrer des librairies spécialisées, être micro-programme dans des processeurs embarqués, ou servir comme base de comparaison pour les différentes heuristiques.
8
Дорошенко, Я. В. "Розробка методів локалізації пошкоджень газопроводу для проведення ремонтних робіт". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2006. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертацію присвячено розробці методів локалізації наскрізних дефектів газопроводу з метою забезпечення можливості проведення ремонтних робіт без припинення транспортування газу та локалізації ділянок газопроводу з метою забезпечення можливості заміни протяжних дефектних ділянок, застарілих та дефектних кранових вузлів без випорожнення і продувки трубопроводу. локалізації місця витоку в потоці транспортованого газу до місця аварійного витоку та вплив часткового перекриття газопроводу пристроєм на ефективність його роботи. Досліджено вплив динамічно прикладених навантажень на конструкцію пристрою для локалізації місця витоку та стопорний вузол під час зупинки пристрою в місці аварійного витоку. Теоретично досліджено процес локалізації ділянки газопроводу пристроєм для локалізації ділянки газопроводу.В первом разделе выполнен анализ состояния газотранспортной системы Украины, причин отказов и методов ремонта линейной части газопроводов, на основании которого сформулированы цель и задачи работы. Второй раздел посвящен разработке и теоретическому исследованию технологии локализации сквозных дефектов газопровода. Разработана конструкция устройства для локализации места течи в газопроводе, применение которого позволит провести ремонт газопровода без прекращения транспортировки газа, что даст возможность обеспечить бесперебойное снабжение потребителей газом и существенно снизит потери газа во время проведения ремонтных работ. Предложены технологии, которые можно применить для ремонта сквозного дефекта газопровода после локализации течи. Создан алгоритм реализации математической модели, который учитывает влияние аварийной течи на динамику движения устройства газопроводом, что даст возможность оперативно принимать диспетчерские решения для управления скоростью движения устройства и определять распределение значений эксплуатационных параметров вдоль газопровода во время движения устройства к месту аварии. С помощью уравнений, полученных в результате реализации математической модели движения устройства газопроводом, проведены теоретические исследования динамики движения устройства для локализации места течи по газопроводу к месту аварии, рассчитано время доставки устройства к месту аварии, определено распределение давления и характер изменения скорости движения устройства по длине газопровода. Исследовано зависимость объема утраченного газа за время доставки устройства до места течи от диаметра течи, что позволит перед применением разработанного метода провести экономическую оценку. Проведен анализ процесса торможения устройства для локализации места течи в месте аварийной утечки газа. Исследовано влияние динамически приложенных нагрузок на конструкцию устройства для локализации места течи и стопорный узел, что позволило выбрать такие геометрические размеры корпуса устройства и стопорного узла, которые обеспечат работоспособность конструкции во время столкновения устройства с стопором. Проведена оценка эффективности работы газопровода во время частичного перекрытия его полости устройством для локализации места течи путем определения зависимости величины давления газа в конце участка газопровода от падения давления на устройстве. В третьем разделе приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований динамики движения устройства для локализации места течи по трубопроводу к месту аварии и влияния частичного перекрытия трубопровода устройством на эффективность его работы. Для практической реализации поставленных задач изготовлен объект исследований - модель устройства для локализации места течи и разработано и построено экспериментальный стенд. Экспериментально исследовано изменение скорости движения модели устройства для локализации места течи по длине трубопровода и установлено, что характер экспериментальных кривых совпадает с характером кривых построенных на основе теоретических исследований. С помощью метода математического планирования эксперимента исследовано влияние расхода воздуха в трубопроводе, расхода воздуха через аварийную течь и геометрического уклона трубопровода к горизонту на скорость движения модели устройства для локализации места течи трубопроводом. Проведены экспериментальные исследования влияния расхода воздуха в трубопроводе на скорость движения модели устройства. Экспериментально определен коэффициент местного сопротивления модели устройства и проведены экспериментальные исследования влияния частичного перекрытия трубопровода моделью устройства на эффективность его работы. Четвертый раздел посвящен разработке и теоретическому исследованию технологии локализации участка газопровода. Разработана конструкция устройства для локализации участка газопровода, применение которого позволит локализовать протяжный участок газопровода и обеспечит возможность замены устаревших и дефектных крановых узлов, протяжных дефектных участков газопровода, без опорожнения и продувки газопровода. Создан алгоритм реализации математической модели движения устройства дефектным участком газопровода с аварийной утечкой газа за устройством, что позволило определить расстояние, которое пройдет устройство от места аварийной утечки газа к полной остановке. Проведены теоретические исследования зависимости расстояния, которое пройдет устройство после прохождения места аварийной утечки газа к полной остановке от скорости движения устройства к аварийной утечке газа для разных диаметров газопроводов.
Dissertation is devoted to development of localization method of penetration defects of a gas pipeline, where the main purpose is to provide the possibility to lead repair works without stopping transporting the gas and localization of gas pipeline areas with the purpose to provide the possibility of replacement of the lengthy defects gas pipeline section, obsolete and defective valve without emptying and blowing of gas pipeline. Theoretical and experimental researches are conducted to the motion dynamics device for localization of leak place in the stream of the transported gas to the emergency leak place and also influencing of the partial ceiling of gas pipeline by the device on the capacity of gas pipeline. Influence of the dynamic loadings is set on device's construction for localization of leak place and retainer while the device is stopped in the emergency leak place. Theoretically, the localization process of gas pipeline section is explored by the device for localization section of gas pipeline.
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LIPORACE, FREDERICO DOS SANTOS. "PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8163@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOOleodutos têm um papel importante no transporte de petróleo e de seus derivados, pois são a maneira mais eficaz de transportar grandes volumes por longas distâncias. A motivação deste trabalho é que uma parte não negligenciável do preço final de um derivado de petróleo é influenciada pelo custo de transporte. Apesar disso, até onde sabemos, apenas alguns autores trabalharam neste problema específico, a maioria utilizando técnicas de programação inteira. Este trabalho analisa a utilização de técnicas de inteligência artificial, arcabouços de software e simulação discreta orientada a eventos para a construção de planejadores automáticos capazes de lidar com instâncias reais de problemas de transporte em oleodutos. A primeira contribuição dessa tese é a especificação de um novo domínio para problemas de planejamento, denominado PIPESWORLD. Este domínio é inspirado no problema de transporte em oleodutos e especificado em PDDL. Por sua estrutura original, ele foi incorporado ao benchmark oficial da 4th International Planner Competition, evento bi-anual que compara o desempenho de diversos planejadores automáticos de propósito geral. Mesmo sendo uma simplificação do problema original, o PIPESWORLD se mostra um domínio bastante desafiador para o estado da arte dos planejadores. É demonstrado também que problemas de decisão derivados de diversas configurações do Pipesworld são NP-Completos. A segunda contribuição dessa tese é o arcabouço de software PLANSIM. Este framework incorpora uma máquina de busca que pode utilizar diversas estratégias, e define uma estrutura que facilita a construção de planejadores automáticos baseados em busca heurística direta que utilizam como modelo do processo a ser planejado simuladores orientados a eventos discretos. São apresentadas instanciações do PLANSIM para a construção de planejadores para problemas clássicos de como o das Torres de Hanoi e Blocksworld. A terceira contribuição da tese é a instanciação do PLANSIM para a construção de um planejador automático capaz de tratar instâncias reais de planejamento de transporte em oleodutos, denominado PLUMBER 05. A utilização de técnicas de simulação discreta orientada a eventos para a representação do modelo do sistema a ser planejado permite que este seja bastante fiel ao problema original. Isto somado ao uso do PLANSIM facilita a construção de planejadores capazes de lidar com instâncias reais.
Pipelines have an important role in oil and its derivatives transportation, since they are the most effective way to transport high volumes through long distances. The motivation for this work is that a non negligible part of the final price for those products are due to transportation costs. Few authors have addressed this problem, with most of the previous work using integer programming techniques. This work analyses the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques, discrete event simulators and software frameworks for building automated planners that are able to deal with real-world oil pipeline transportation instances. The first contribution of this thesis is the specification of a new planning domain called PIPESWORLD. This domain is inspired by the oil pipeline transportation problem, and is defined in PDDL. Due to its original structure, the PIPESWORLD domain has been incorporated to the 4th International Planning Competition benchmark. Even being a simplification of the original problem, PIPESWORLD instances in the benchmark are challenging to state of art solvers. It is also shown that decision problems based on PIPESWORLD configurations are NP-Hard. The second contribution of this thesis is the PLANSIM opensource framework. This framework incorporates a search engine that may use several different strategies, and defines a structure that facilitates the construction of automated planners based on heuristic forward search that use discrete event simulators as the model for the process to be planned. The third contribution of this thesis is a PLANSIM instantiation that results in an automated planner able to deal with real-world oil pipeline transportation instances, called PLUMBER 2. The use of discrete event simulation techniques for the model of the system to be planned allows this model to be very close to the original problem. This, in conjunction with PLANSIM usage, facilitates the construction of planners that are able to cope with real-world instances.
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Galvagni, Andrea. "Pipeline health monitoring." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29154.
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Worldwide, BP operates many thousand kilometres of pipelines carrying valuable yet toxic and corrosive fluids. The structural integrity of these pipelines is crucial, as any failure may result in environmental damage, economic losses and injuries to personnel. Convention- ally, pipeline integrity is assessed on a time basis. This inherently limits the amount of infor- mation available about its structural health, as any damage which develops in unexpected circumstances or while the pipeline is not being inspected may remain undetected. Such lack of information hinders the reliability of any prognosis and of Risk-Based Inspection and Maintenance strategies, increases the risk of unexpected critical damage development and pipeline failure, and forces the use of costly time-based maintenance, following the safe-life design approach. Conversely, if sufficient information about pipeline integrity were avail- able to produce reliable prognoses, then it would become possible to dramatically reduce the risk of unexpected failures and to utilise cost-efficient condition-based maintenance, which prescribes the replacement of a pipeline only when it is about to suffer critical dam- age and has therefore reached the actual end of its operational life. In this way, pipeline networks would become safer and more reliable while at the same time more productive and less costly. This thesis introduces and demonstrates a Structural Health Monitoring ap- proach that has the potential to fill the integrity information gap and ultimately enable the use of condition-based pipeline maintenance. This approach, embodied by a practical au- tomated pipeline damage detection procedure, complements permanently installed guided wave sensors to create a complete pipeline health monitoring solution. Utilising experimen- tal data from a permanently installed guided wave sensor installed on a purpose-built NPS 8 Schedule 40 pipe loop facility at BP's Naperville Campus, it is shown that the procedure is very effective at detecting and quantifying actual damage, thereby achieving the intended aim of this thesis.
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Holmåker, Markus, and Magnus Woxblom. "Performance evaluation of the fixed function pipeline and the programmable pipeline." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2249.
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When developing applications in Direct3D today, developers can choose between using the fixed function pipeline and the programmable pipeline. The programmable pipeline is more flexible than the fixed function pipeline, but what is the price for high flexibility? Is high flexibility desired at any cost? How is the choice of pipeline affecting performance? The purpose of this master thesis is to evaluate the performance of the two pipelines. This will be achieved by developing a benchmark program, which measures performance when various graphical effects are tested. The results of the evaluation will hopefully help developers to decide which pipeline to use, in terms of performance. In the end we will see that the fixed function pipeline is faster than the programmable pipeline in all our tests.
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Cornacchia, Francesco. "Theoretical and numerical models of innovative cross-sections for flexible pipelines in research and design." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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The thesis is focused on two different issues relative to reinforced flexible pipelines for the unbonded cases: tensile force and external pressure. Mainly, the work is carried out comparing theoretical and numerical models for what concerns reinforced flexible pipes, then the analytical models were used for parametric studies and comparison with composite - based pipelines. For the numerical simulation, the FEM software used was ABAQUS. The elevation point for the tensile load case was involving the pressure armor layer in the design of the cross-section and exploiting the plastic properties of the materials, obtaining a valid estimation for the pipe's tensile strength. While for the hydrostatic load case, the elevation point was to carry out a formulation valid for the minimum requirement for the initial ovality in terms of both radial displacements and collapse pressure.
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Vervik, Stian. "Pipeline Accidental Load Analysis." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15453.
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Ship interaction in terms of anchor hooking on a subsea pipeline has been investigated in this thesis. An attempt has been made to predict the most probable anchor interaction loads on the Kvitebjørn gas pipeline in the North Sea if anchor hooking were to occur, and evaluate the structural consequences of an anchor hooking incident. By utilization of AIS ship data provided by the Norwegian Coastal Administration it has been found that 7160 cargo, tanker and tug ships passed the Kvitebjørn gas pipeline from March 2010 to March 2011. These ships have been evaluated with respect to anchor equipment, ship mass and velocity by use of a developed computer script in the computer code MATLAB. It has been found from geometrical evaluations of anchor hooking that anchors above 3780 kg will have large enough dimensions to hook pipeline. Anchor tow depth analyses predict that stabilization depth of a towed anchor arrangement is about 1/3 of the chain length for velocities around 15 knots. The geometrical evaluations and the tow depth analyses have been included in the computer script, and ships not able to hook pipeline have been separated out. Results predict that 237 of the total 7160 evaluated cargo ships, tankers and tugboats possess the necessary hooking parameters. These ships have large enough anchor for the pipeline to get stuck, and ship velocity low enough that the anchor will touch seabed if dropped. Ship traffic has been found to be largest over pipeline sections with a water depth of around 300 meters. Due to this large water depth only ships with large anchors sizes around 10 tons and above will be able to touch down on the seabed. The most frequently observed anchor equipment and velocities of the ships found to be able to hook the pipeline have been determined. In order to predict the structural consequences of anchor hooking a model in the computer code SIMLA has been developed. The most frequently observed anchor equipment and ship velocities from the AIS studies performed have been included in the SIMLA analyses. Results from the analysis predict that very large strain levels will be observed as a result of anchor hooking. Strains have been found to exceed design strains for interaction by the most frequently observed anchor systems and the pipeline would need extensive reparations due to utilization of the plastic capacity of the cross section beyond capacity corresponding to Specified Minimum Tensile Strength (SMTS).
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Holmboe, Dennis. "The Motion Capture Pipeline." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-611.
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Motion Capture is an essential part of a world full of digital effects in movies and games. Understanding the pipelines between software is a crucial component of this research. Methods that create the motion capture structure today are reviewed, and how they are implemented in order to create the movements that we see in modern games and movies.
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Mostert, Lelane. "Central oxygen pipeline failure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86313.
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Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Case Report - A case is described of central oxygen pipeline failure that occurred at a large academic hospital and its subsequent implications for managing the situation. Literature review - The literature review undertaken focused on the current state of affairs with regards to anaesthetic staff's knowledge of and preparedness for the management implications of central oxygen pipeline failure. The events I describe below demonstrate a significant deficiency in the staff’s understanding of and training for the crisis, which should be remedied to improve patient safety. Specific measures are suggested in the literature to prevent such incidents and guidelines are available to manage central oxygen pipeline failure. These are reviewed in this study. Recommendations - This study attempts to bring together the most critical aspects that need to be addressed to safely manage similar future incidents. Prevention should include measures to implement clearly stated disaster management plans and increased awareness with regards to the medical gas pipeline system (MGPS), simulation training, efficient alarm systems, personally conducted routine evaluations of equipment and emergency backup systems by anaesthesiologists and effective communication between hospital staff. Careful planning and successful coordination during maintenance and modification of the medical gas pipeline system, using piston-type or air-driven, rather than oxygen-driven, ventilators and optimal design of the hospital bulk oxygen system can contribute to reduce risks. In the event of central oxygen pipeline failure a specific sequence of actions should be taken by the anaesthesiologist and a clear institutional operational policy is described.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gevalsbeskrywing - 'n Geval van sentrale suurstoftoevoerversaking, wat plaasgevind het by 'n groot opleidingshospitaal, word bespreek. Daar word ook gekyk na die praktiese gevolge met betrekking tot die hantering van die situasie. Literatuurstudie - 'n Literatuurstudie is aangepak met die doel om te fokus op die huidige toedrag van sake betreffende narkosepersoneel se kennis en paraatheid in die hantering van sentrale suurstoftoevoerversaking. 'n Wesenlike gebrek aan begrip en opleiding aangaande hierdie onderwerp is geïdentifiseer – areas wat, met die nodige aandag, verbeter kan word ten einde die welstand van pasiënte te verseker. Spesifieke voorkomende maatreëls en hanteringsriglyne word voorgestel deur die literatuur en word gevolglik hersien in hierdie studie. Aanbevelings - Hierdie studie poog om kernaspekte aan te raak ten einde soortgelyke toekomstige voorvalle veilig en optimaal te kan hanteer. Voorkomende maatreëls behels onder meer die daarstelling van duidelik verstaanbare noodplanne, verbeterde bewustheid aangaande die mediese gaspypsisteem, simulasie-opleiding, doeltreffende alarmstelsels, effektiewe kommunikasie tussen hospitaalpersoneel, sowel as narkotiseurs wat self roetine-evaluasies van hul narkosetoebehore en -noodtoerusting uitvoer. Noukeurige beplanning en neweskikking tydens herstelwerk of werk aan die mediese gaspypsisteem, die gebruik van suierventilators (of dan lugaangedrewe in plaas van suurstofaangedrewe ventilators) en die optimale uitleg van 'n hospitaal se suurstoftoevoer, kan bydra om die risiko's te beperk. In die geval van sentrale suurstoftoevoerversaking behoort die narkotiseur stapsgewyse aksie te neem. 'n Duidelike institusionele noodbeleid word ook omskryf.
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Patwardhan, Anagha. "Fast multipliers-Pipeline Wallace /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1453188901&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bischof, Stefan, Benedikt Kämpgen, Andreas Harth, Axel Polleres, and Patrik Schneider. "Open City Data Pipeline." Department für Informationsverarbeitung und Prozessmanagement, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5438/1/city%2Dqb%2Dpaper.pdf.
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Statistical data about cities, regions and at country level is collected for various purposes and from various institutions. Yet, while
access to high quality and recent such data is crucial both for decision makers as well as for the public, all to often such collections of
data remain isolated and not re-usable, let alone properly integrated. In this paper we present the Open City Data Pipeline, a focused
attempt to collect, integrate, and enrich statistical data collected at city level worldwide, and republish this data in a reusable manner
as Linked Data. The main feature of the Open City Data Pipeline are: (i) we integrate and cleanse data from several sources in a
modular and extensible, always up-to-date fashion; (ii) we use both Machine Learning techniques as well as ontological reasoning
over equational background knowledge to enrich the data by imputing missing values, (iii) we assess the estimated accuracy of such
imputations per indicator. Additionally, (iv) we make the integrated and enriched data available both in a we browser interface and as
machine-readable Linked Data, using standard vocabularies such as QB and PROV, and linking to e.g. DBpedia.
Lastly, in an exhaustive evaluation of our approach, we compare our enrichment and cleansing techniques to a preliminary version
of the Open City Data Pipeline presented at ISWC2015: firstly, we demonstrate that the combination of equational knowledge and
standard machine learning techniques significantly helps to improve the quality of our missing value imputations; secondly, we
arguable show that the more data we integrate, the more reliable our predictions become. Hence, over time, the Open City Data
Pipeline shall provide a sustainable effort to serve Linked Data about cities in increasing quality.Series: Working Papers on Information Systems, Information Business and Operations
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Przygodda, Jörg. "Beitrag zur differenzierten sicherheitstechnischen Bewertung und Gestaltung moderner Rohrfernleitungsanlagen auf der Grundlage eines spezifischen Risikokonzeptes." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969337558.
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Johnson, Chukwuemeka Eze. "Development of a framework for Integrated Oil and gas Pipeline Monitoring and Incident Mitigation System (IOPMIMS)." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620898.
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The problem of Third Party Interference (TPI) on Oil and Gas Pipelines is on the rise across the world. TPI is not only common in developing countries but is now occasionally experienced in developed countries including Germany and the UK. The risks posed by these third-party activities on Oil and Gas pipelines are enormous and could be measured in terms of financial costs, environmental damages as well as health and safety implications. The quest for an end to these malicious activities has triggered a lot of studies into the root causes of pipeline TPI, other causes of pipeline failure, risks associated with pipeline failure and their mitigation measures. However, despite the significance of the effects of TPI, very little has been done to proffer an enduring solution through research. This research therefore aims at developing a framework for integrated oil and gas pipeline monitoring and incident mitigation system through integration of various wireless sensors for effective monitoring of oil and gas pipelines. Having identified the existing gaps in literature as lack of reliable, accurate and standard method for oil and gas pipeline risk assessment model, the study undertook a quantitative approach to develop an effective Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) model for pipelines. The QRA model developed benchmarks pipeline risk assessment and gives the parameters with which standard QRA could be measured. The research findings indicate that risk associated with Nigerian Pipeline system is in the intolerable region whereas TPI is an increasing menace across the globe. Further findings show that Support Vector Machine (SVM) gave the best performance with 91.2% accuracy while Neural Networks (NN) and Decision Tree (DT) gave 63% and 57% accuracies respectively in terms of pipeline failure mode prediction accuracies. It was recommended that operators should draw out Pipeline Integrity Management (PIM) programs and store pipeline data in a format that captures number of fatalities, property damages and costs as well as volume of oil or gas spilled to ensure that accurate data is obtainable for improved PIM. In conclusion, having achieved its aim and objectives evidenced by the framework, model developed, and the recommendations presented, the research has contributed in no small measure to providing a solution to pipeline incidences.
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Hanna, Stefan. "Transparens i en deferred pipeline : ." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4083.
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Deferred shading är en renderingsteknik som har blivit allt mer populär i och med att hårdvaraukraven för tekniken inte längre är ett hinder. Ett problem med deferred shading är fortfarande hur transparenta objekt ska hanteras. Rapporten utvärderar två olika deferred pipelines som hanterar transparent geometri på olika sätt, de två renderingsmetoderna är Inferred Lighting samt Light Pre Pass med framåtrendering för hantering av transparent geometri.
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Finley, Christopher G. "Pipeline project cumulative effects assessments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0015/MQ42311.pdf.
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Chan, Peter D. S. "Soil-pipeline interaction in slopes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ49672.pdf.
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Southgate, Jonathan. "Wax removal using pipeline pigs." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2995/.
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The deposition of paraffin wax solids in pipelines and risers represents a continuing challenge to flow assurance in offshore installations. Wax deposits reduce product throughput, requiring increased energy expenditure to re-establish flow levels. In severe cases, wax deposits can completely block a pipeline. Preventative solutions to the problem such as pipeline insulation, active heating of pipes or chemical dosing with wax inhibitors are not always economically viable, so mechanical removal using a device known as a 'pig' remains an economical solution to the problem of wax removal. A pig is a cylindrical tool that is driven through the pipe by the flow of product, scraping deposits from the pipe wall as it travels. Despite the importance of pipeline pigging to the oil and gas industry, the effectiveness of pigs in removing wax is poorly understood and it is this problem that is addressed by this thesis. One of the first necessities in undertaking this work has been to define the mechanical properties of wax deposits. This has required critical analysis of published material on the subject of wax deposition along with practical experimentation to create representative models of wax deposits that require mechanical removal from pipelines. Previously, studies of wax removal using pigs have assumed the mechanics of the process to be adequately represented by uniaxial compression or simple shear load models. In this work wax removal is analysed using the orthogonal cutting model. This provides a more accurate description of the process as it includes the effect of material after yielding (the chip) on the net wax removal force. Experiments were designed to allow testing of the validity of the orthogonal cutting theory to the pigging process under a variety of conditions. An original contribution from this work is through experimental and theoretical results that are given context through comparison with established metal cutting theory. Through experimentation a specific cutting energy is obtained for wax removal. The results of the wax cutting experiments have identified particular differences between wax cutting and metal cutting regarding the homogeneity of chip formation. These observations have important implications in predicting wax removal forces using mechanical removal tools. Although the affect of removed wax chips on pigging forces has been neglected in theory, it is well known in practice. The fluid used to drive cleaning pigs is often used to produce a jet radiating centrally from the front of the pig intended to blast wax chips away from the pig body, avoiding formation of a 'plug' of wax ahead of the pig. In this study a novel variation of this process in the form of an annular bypass jet is experimentally studied. A semi-empirical model of wax removal using an annular bypass jet has been developed and empirical constants obtained to allow prediction of removal rates for different waxes under various conditions. The new model introduced here allows balancing of pig velocity with wax removal velocity so that a non-contacting wax removal system is obtainable. The bypass-jetting model has been validated using a full-scale trial of the process by industrial sponsors.
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Tran, Vinh Cong. "Imperfect upheaval subsea pipeline buckling." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1994. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3179/.
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The objective of the research programme has been to develop a set of theoretical models suited to the perceived needs of industrial practice with regard to in-service, subsea pipeline buckling. The role of imperfections is shown to be of central importance. These factors are considered in the context of modern offshore engineering practice, including the particular employment of trenching and/or burial for purposes of protection. Novel, small scale, full thermo-mechanical system testing is presented, the design and construction of the actual experimental set-up being a key feature of the research programme. Subsidiary geotechnical experimentation is also undertaken. Theoretical studies employing the empirical data provided by latter are assessed against the resulting full system experimental data. With an introduction to the purpose of the research programme and the physical problem and its mechanical demands given in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 serves to clarify the factors involved. Although novelty involving the testing of burial pipe elements is present in the experimental studies of Chapter 3 the majority of original work lies in the theoretical studies of Chapters 4 to 6 and the full system experimentation reported in Chapter 7. The results of forty-five tests are therein provided and theoretical/experimental correlation considered. Definition of the upheaval state, crucial to offshore engineering requirements, is considered to be effectively provided for with regard to symmetric prototype configurations and a software suite of complementary models has been developed.
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Basu, Anirban Carleton University Dissertation Computer Science. "Study of pipeline processing systems." Ottawa, 1987.
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Donaldson, Val. "Asynchronous pipeline analysis and scheduling /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9804026.
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Maides, Logan T. "Mocap in a 3D Pipeline." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/235.
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ARAUJO, ANNE AGUIAR DE. "CORROSION FAILURE MANAGEMENT IN PIPELINE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20714@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEsta dissertação visa apresentar e comparar metodologias utilizadas para estimar a taxa de corrosão a partir dos resultados obtidos em inspeção por pig instrumentado tendo em vista que este método de avaliação de integridade é um procedimento empregado por operadores de duto. Com esta finalidade foram analisadas e comparadas as metodologias mais adequadas para o cálculo da taxa de corrosão: Estimativa da Taxa de Corrosão baseada no Princípio de Atividade Local, Estimativa da Taxa de Corrosão baseada no Cálculo do Parâmetro (a), Estimativa da Taxa de Corrosão a partir do Intervalo de Confiança para a Média e Estimativa da Taxa de Corrosão a partir da Distribuição de Valor Extremo. Para cada um destes métodos foram empregados dados simulados e dados de inspeções de um duto existente, utilizando ou não o mapeamento de anomalias por tabela, a fim de conhecer e avaliar suas vantagens e limitações. Os resultados destas comparações mostraram que apenas no caso em que a taxa de corrosão é estimada partir do intervalo de confiança para a média, a correspondência entre as anomalias (mapeamento) registradas nas inspeções ILI é obrigatória. As demais metodologias podem ser aplicadas ao conjunto de anomalias mapeadas ou a todas perdas de metal informadas no relatório de inspeção ILI. Foi verificado também que os valores estimados para a taxa de corrosão quando é realizado o mapeamento das anomalias diferem das taxas de corrosão calculadas quando a comparação dos dados entre as inspeções não é efetuada. Embora tenha-se notado esta diferença foi observado que existe uma equivalência quando comparadas as taxas de corrosão de cada grupo. Ou seja, verifica-se uma correspondência entre os valores estimados por cada metodologia ao comparar apenas os resultados das anomalias mapeadas. O mesmo ocorre quando é efetuada a comparação entre valores da taxa de corrosão obtidos apenas pelos métodos em que o mapeamento das perdas de metal não foi realizado. Adicionalmente foi efetuada a comparação entre as principais normas e publicações de gerenciamento de integridade de dutos, como o ASME B31.8S, API 1160 e Muhlbauer.
This work aims to present and compare methodologies used to estimate the corrosion rate from ILI inspection results once this integrity assessment is a procedure employed by pipeline operators. With this purpose the most appropriate methodologies for calculating the corrosion rate were analyzed and compared: Corrosion Rate Estimation based on the Principle of Local Corrosion Activity, Corrosion Rate Estimation based on the Parameter (a), Corrosion Rate Estimation from the Confidence Interval for Mean and Corrosion Rate Estimation from the Extreme Value Distribution. For each of these methods were employed simulated data and actual ILI inspection data, applying or not anomalies matching by table to identify and evaluate their advantages and limitations. The comparison has shown that the matching of the features is required only when the corrosion rate is estimated from the confidence interval methodology. The other methods can be applied to matched metal loss or all anomalies registered in ILI reported. Furthermore, it was observed that the estimated corrosion rate from the anomalies matching differ of calculated corrosion rate when matching of metal loss between ILI inspections is not done. Although this difference has been identified, it was observed an equivalence when the corrosion rates of each group were compared. In other words, there is a correspondence between the values estimated by each corrosion rate methodology when is used only the sample which represents the matched metal loss.The same occurs when the comparison is carried out between the corrosion rate values obtained only by methods where the defect mapping was not done.Moreover, a comparison between the main codes and publications for pipeline integrity management, as B31.8S ASME, API 1160 and Muhlbauer was done.
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Mozere, M. "High-throughput sequencing analysis pipeline." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1528797/.
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High-throughput sequencing methods were developed to increase the productivity of processing data from genomic DNA. Sequencing platforms are generating massive amounts of genetic variation data which makes it difficult to pinpoint a small subset of functionally important variants. The focus has now shifted from generating sequences to searching for the critical differences that separate normal variants from disease ones. Our High-throughput Sequencing Analysis Pipeline (HSAP) is a multistep analysis software designed to annotate and filter variants in a top-down fashion from Variant Calling Format (VCF) files in order to find disease causing variants in the patients. It is designed in Linux medium and is composed of a collection of interacting task-specific modules written in different programming languages (such as Python, C++) and shell scripts. Each module is designed to perform a specific task, such as: annotate variants with their functional characterisation, zygosity status, allele frequencies within population; filter variants depending on the inherited disease model, read depth, call quality, physical location and other criteria. The output is added to the universal VCF format file, which contains annotated and filtered genomic variants. The pipeline was verified by identifying/confirming a specific disease-causing mutation for a single-gene disorder. HSAP is designed as an open-source locally self-contained bootable software that uses only information from publicly available databases. It has a user-friendly offline web-interface that allows to select different modules and chain them together to create unique filtering arrangements in order to adapt the pipeline as needed.
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Lauder, Keith. "The performance of pipeline ploughs." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8dba1e26-1450-4afb-9aeb-a0b1fbb77cc3.
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Pipeline ploughs are commonly used to bury offshore pipelines for their protection from loading by currents, damage from fishing trawler vessels and to provide thermal insulation to the line allowing the product to flow more efficiently. The rate of progress of pipeline ploughs in sand is complicated by a rate effect which causes the required tow force to increase drastically with velocity. In this research plough performance in sand is investigated by means of physical scale model tests. Scale model tests are the most practical method by which to conduct a parametric study on plough behaviour as full sized testing would be prohibitively expensive. Scale model tests also provide accurate control of sand conditions which allows investigation of the effect of soil parameters on plough behaviour. Model ploughs were manufactured at 50th, 25th and 10th scale so that scale effects could be explored. Each of the model ploughs had a detachable forecutter to allow its effect on plough performance to be observed. The forecutter was found to reduce the rate effect but increase the non-velocity dependant resistance of the plough. Ploughing tests were conducted at various relative densities in three sands of different permeability. The effects of ploughing rate on model plough behaviour under these various conditions was explored using an instrumented model plough, with particular attention paid to the resulting tow force. Results from the model ploughing tests were interpreted to determine the effect of permeability, relative density and plough depth on the tow forces generated during ploughing. The rate effect was found to increase strongly with reduction in permeability of the sand. Increasing the relative density of the sand was found to increase the rate effect but had little influence on the passive resistance of the plough. The test results were compared to an empirical model developed by Cathie and Wintgens (2001). New coefficients (Cw, Cs and Cd) have been proposed and therefore design procedures modified which may allow trenching contractors to make better predictions of plough performance in sands.
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Li, Ting. "Performance Enhancement of Pipeline ADCs." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27511.
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The pipeline ADC is mainstream architecture in wireless communication and digital consumer products because of its speed, resolution, dynamic performance, and power consumption. However, there are three areas of concern with the pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC): power consumption, accuracy, and convergence speed of the digital calibration. The traditional pipeline ADC includes a dedicated front-end sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA), which consumes a significant amount of power. This research presents a novel configuration of the front-end stage with a sample-and-hold function for a SHA-less architecture. In addition, the multi-bit front-end has multiple benefits. Interestingly, if one additional bit is resolved in the front-end stage, then the comparator offset correction ability of this stage is reduced by half. To address this problem, this research presents a novel domain-extended digital error correction algorithm to increase the comparator offset correction ability. In order to improve accuracy, a combination of techniques are used: communicated feedback-capacitor switching (CFCS), gain boost amplifiers, and low noise dynamic comparators. Here, the ADC uses the above mentioned techniques and is fabricated with AMIS 0.5 ?m CMOS. The ADC, with an active area of 4.5 mm (superscript 2), consumes 264 mW when a 32 MHz input is at 75-MS/s sample rate. The third area of concern is convergence time, which determines the quality of the digital calibration. The high resolution ADC can be achieved without calibration. Therefore, in order for a digital calibration to be useful, it should minimize the analog circuits and have a reasonable convergence time. The reduced accuracy due to minimized analog circuits can be complemented by the digital calibration. Therefore, the convergence time determines the quality of the digital calibration. In this research a new domain-extended dither-based algorithm increases the convergence speed. Moreover, the novel variable-amplitude domain-extended dither-based algorithm further increases the convergence speed. Matlab simulations illustrate these improvements.
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Shardlow, Matthew. "Lexical simplification : optimising the pipeline." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lexical-simplification-optimising-the-pipeline(8b56374a-bc5e-4d4d-80bc-2c2f01eed319).html.
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Introduction: This thesis was submitted by Matthew Shardlow to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the year 2015. Lexical simplification is the practice of automatically increasing the readability and understandability of a text by identifying problematic vocabulary and substituting easy to understand synonyms. This work describes the research undertaken during the course of a 4-year PhD. We have focused on the pipeline of operations which string together to produce lexical simplifications. We have identified key areas for research and allowed our results to influence the direction of our research. We have suggested new methods and ideas where appropriate. Objectives: We seek to further the field of lexical simplification as an assistive technology. Although the concept of fully-automated error-free lexical simplification is some way off, we seek to bring this dream closer to reality. Technology is ubiquitous in our information-based society. Ever-increasingly we consume news, correspondence and literature through an electronic device. E-reading gives us the opportunity to intervene when a text is too difficult. Simplification can act as an augmentative communication tool for those who find a text is above their reading level. Texts which would otherwise go unread would become accessible via simplification. Contributions: This PhD has focused on the lexical simplification pipeline. We have identified common sources of errors as well as the detrimental effects of these errors. We have looked at techniques to mitigate the errors at each stage of the pipeline. We have created the CW Corpus, a resource for evaluating the task of identifying complex words. We have also compared machine learning strategies for identifying complex words. We propose a new preprocessing step which yields a significant increase in identification performance. We have also tackled the related fields of word sense disambiguation and substitution generation. We evaluate the current state of the field and make recommendations for best practice in lexical simplification. Finally, we focus our attention on evaluating the effect of lexical simplification on the reading ability of people with aphasia. We find that in our small-scale preliminary study, lexical simplification has a nega- tive effect, causing reading time to increase. We evaluate this result and use it to motivate further work into lexical simplification for people with aphasia.
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Perkins, Brian. "The Welsh Healthcare Innovation Pipeline." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7869.
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This investigation explored the Welsh Life Sciences (LS) sector through a Grounded Theory approach. Semi-structured interviews with senior stakeholders from academia, government, industry, NHS Wales, third sector and professional institutions were conducted. A conceptual framework was developed to help understand the complex interactions within the Welsh LS sector. Gap analysis was systematically applied to the data in order to design a model for potential interventions to positively influence the Welsh LS sector. The model was then compared with current and forthcoming policy and policy recommendations to produce an integrated intervention termed the “Welsh Healthcare Innovation Pipeline” (WHIP), to result in the adoption of new innovation within NHS Wales through sourcing, trialling, assessing, procuring, and adopting healthcare innovations through an integrated framework. The proposal is that the WHIP would be adopted across Wales after being piloted sub-regionally within the West Wales region.
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Alqaan, Hani. "Automatic pipeline surveillance air-vehicle." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9876.
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This thesis presents the developments of a vision-based system for aerial pipeline Right-of-Way surveillance using optical/Infrared sensors mounted on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The aim of research is to develop a highly automated, on-board system for detecting and following the pipelines; while simultaneously detecting any third-party interference. The proposed approach of using a UAV platform could potentially reduce the cost of monitoring and surveying pipelines when compared to manned aircraft. The main contributions of this thesis are the development of the image-analysis algorithms, the overall system architecture and validation of in hardware based on scaled down Test environment. To evaluate the performance of the system, the algorithms were coded using Python programming language. A small-scale test-rig of the pipeline structure, as well as expected third-party interference, was setup to simulate the operational environment and capture/record data for the algorithm testing and validation. The pipeline endpoints are identified by transforming the 16-bits depth data of the explored environment into 3D point clouds world coordinates. Then, using the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) approach, the foreground and background are separated based on the transformed 3D point cloud to extract the plane that corresponds to the ground. Simultaneously, the boundaries of the explored environment are detected based on the 16-bit depth data using a canny detector. Following that, these boundaries were filtered out, after being transformed into a 3D point cloud, based on the real height of the pipeline for fast and accurate measurements using a Euclidean distance of each boundary point, relative to the plane of the ground extracted previously. The filtered boundaries were used to detect the straight lines of the object boundary (Hough lines), once transformed into 16-bit depth data, using a Hough transform method. The pipeline is verified by estimating a centre line segment, using a 3D point cloud of each pair of the Hough line segments, (transformed into 3D). Then, the corresponding linearity of the pipeline points cloud is filtered within the width of the pipeline using Euclidean distance in the foreground point cloud. Then, the segment length of the detected centre line is enhanced to match the exact pipeline segment by extending it along the filtered point cloud of the pipeline. The third-party interference is detected based on four parameters, namely: foreground depth data; pipeline depth data; pipeline endpoints location in the 3D point cloud; and Right-of-Way distance. The techniques include detection, classification, and localization algorithms. Finally, a waypoints-based navigation system was implemented for the air- vehicle to fly over the course waypoints that were generated online by a heading angle demand to follow the pipeline structure in real-time based on the online identification of the pipeline endpoints relative to a camera frame.
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Paulo, Gomes Neto Severino. "MARRT Pipeline: Pipeline for Markerless Augmented Reality Systems Based on Real-Time Structure from Motion." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2012.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2009Atualmente, com o aumento do poder computacional e os estudos em usabilidade, sistemas de tempo real e foto-realismo, os requisitos de qualquer sistema de computador são mais complexos e sofisticados. Sistemas de Realidade Aumentada não são exceção em sua tentativa de resolver problemas da vida real do usuário com um nível reduzido de risco, tempo gasto ou complexidade de aprendizado. Tais sistemas podem ser classificados como baseados em marcadores ou livres de marcadores. O papel essencial da realidade aumentada sem marcadores é evitar o uso desnecessário e indesejável de marcadores nas aplicações. Para atender à demanda por tecnologias de realidade aumentada robustas e não-intrusivas, esta dissertação propõe uma cadeia de execução para o desenvolvimento de aplicações de realidade aumentada sem marcadores, especialmente baseadas na técnica de recuperação da estrutura a partir do movimento em tempo real
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Schnorr, Randolf. "Die Gemeinschaft nach Bruchteilen : ([section][section] 741-758 BGB) /." Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012799586&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Nugroho, Wibowo Harso 1967. "Monitoring of pipeline using smart sensors." Monash University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9236.
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Sockalingam, Kannan. "Error Compensation in Pipeline and Converters." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SockalingamK2002.pdf.
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Ying, Man Y. "System architecture for pipeline inspection gear." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548662.
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Cheong, T. P. "Numerical modelling of soil-pipeline interaction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597580.
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This thesis investigates the interaction between soil and pipeline in sand subjected to lateral ground loading. The purpose of this study is to improve the structural modelling of buried pipelines; and also aims to produce design guidelines and construct normalised charts which will be of direct benefit to practising pipeline engineers. The research was performed entirely using the finite element (FE) method, and utilised the user subroutine of an advanced constitutive soil model that was implemented in this thesis. The problems examined in this research can be categorised into four main topics. First, 2-D FE analyses were conducted concerning with the effects of loading rate on a laterally-loaded pipeline buried in saturated sand. All indications support the conclusion that both the sand dilatancy and hydraulic conductivity of the soil in relation to the loading rate are important factors for mobilisation of the lateral resistance of a pipeline in a saturated soil medium. Second, soil loading on a pipeline under global soil shearing conditions was investigated by performing different types of relative ground and pipeline movement modes, with the aim of generating both passive and active failure states. Overall, it can be concluded that the effect of global soil shearing on the interaction of soil and pipeline is relatively small in terms of Nq, implying that local soil deformation and soil dilation characteristics are most important and influential factors contributing to the magnitude of the lateral pressure on pipelines. Third, investigations of the behaviour of an elbow-bend pipe, under lateral soil loading were performed using a 3-D FE modelling method. It was found that deeper burial pipeline, denser soil and elbow-bend pipe with larger bending angle accounted higher Nq. Also Nq at the elbow-bend pipe was about 2.7 times higher than a straight pipe. The results confirmed that the ‘3-D elbow effect’ can be ignored in the closing mode case, but in the opening mode case, the effect was computed at about 17% when compared to a 2-D bilinear soil-spring model case. Additionally, a larger effective plastic strain region was observed when 3-D soil-spring models were adopted in the design. Fourth, in order to achieve a reliable design procedure against permanent ground deformation (PGD), a full-scale 3-D FE numerical analysis and a full-scale 3-D spring model analysis were both carried out on a 90° elbow pipeline. Encouraging and good results were achieved from both of the numerical models when compared with the data from experiments carried out at Cornell University. Thus, it is shown that the adopted 3-D FE method was able to simulate the observed pipeline performance under PGD ground failure in a reliable way.
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Liratzis, Theocharis. "Tandem gas metal arc pipeline welding." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5686.
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Energy consumption has grown by 2% per year worldwide over the past ten years. In 2005 worldwide 900,000 barrels of oil and 7.6 billion cubic metre of natural gas were produced daily. The exploitation of fields to meet the increased demands in energy requires the presence of adequate infrastructures. High strength pipeline steels(X100) have been developed to operate at higher pressures allowing a greater volume of fuel to be transported. Additional advantages arising from the reduction in wall thickness contribute to reduction in construction costs and steel volume.
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Ibrahim, A. A. "Scour around pipeline under marine environments." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371255.
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Riemer, Douglas P. "Modeling cathodic protection for pipeline networks." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2000. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2000/ane5967/Dissertation.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2000.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxii, 263 p.; also contains graphics. Abbreviated abstract copied from student-submitted information. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 252-262).
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Schlenker, Thomas. "Redesign eines DLX-Prozessormodells mit Pipeline." [S.l.] : Universität Stuttgart , Fakultät Informatik, 1998. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB6783562.
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Abbas, Muhammad Hashim. "Modelling CO2 corrosion of pipeline steels." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3530.
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Over the years, several attempts have been made by various research institutions and petroleum companies to develop models for the prediction of CO2 corrosion in pipelines, in order to better capture the underlying principles that cause it. Modelling CO2 corrosion is important to the oil and gas and carbon capture and storage (CCS) industries, as it provides the means by which the prevention of the financial costs from lost production, the preservation of the environment as well as the health and safety of human lives can be achieved. In this thesis, existing models have been investigated and compared against newly derived models in terms of their accuracy of prediction, by using an identical test dataset. A neural network (NN) model was developed, in which a detailed sensitivity analysis was carried out on Matlab training functions to determine their degree of suitability in CO2 corrosion prediction. Results showed that the tansig transfer function was the most suitable and that a 2-layer network was sufficient to obtain desirable R2-values of ~0.9 for both low and high pressure CO2 corrosion data. Also, a linear regression model was developed based on predictor variables: temperature (T), CO2 partial pressure (PCO2), fluid velocity (U) and pH, for both low and high pressure CO2 data. The respective R2-values obtained are 0.65 and 0.7. An R2-value of 0.8 can be achieved for the low pressure CO2 data; however the derived regression equation is inelegant and contains a combination of a large number of predictor terms. From Monte Carlo analyses, the exponential and normal distributions were discovered to be the best fits for the low and high pressure CO2 corrosion rate data, respectively. Further, parametric sensitivity analyses revealed the pH and fluid velocity to be the least and most significant variables for low pressure CO2, respectively, while the velocity and temperature were the least and most significant variables for high pressure CO2 corrosion, respectively.
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Kasai, Takashi. "Study of Advanced Pipeline Transportation Systems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/138503.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第11552号
工博第2498号
新制||工||1339(附属図書館)
23195
UT51-2005-D301
京都大学大学院工学研究科土木システム工学専攻
(主査)教授 小野 紘一, 教授 家村 浩和, 助教授 杉浦 邦征
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Hanna, Paul Lionel. "Inertial positioning for internal pipeline surveys." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.643559.
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Cheuk, Chi Yin. "Soil-pipeline interaction at the seabed." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272147.
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Adel, Hussein. "Autocalibration d'un convertisseur analogique-numérique pipeline." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066629.
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Les convertisseurs analogiques-numériques (CAN) large bande et haute résolution qui permettent de rendre flexibles des services de transmission de données à haut-débit font l'objet de beaucoup d'études. La technologie des semi-conducteurs offre des traitements numériques de plus en plus rapides au prix d'une résolution analogique moindre. Pour tirer parti des procédés technologiques actuels, une solution consiste à envisager des systèmes mixtes analogiques-numériques à la place des fonctions purement analogiques. Les traitements numériques, utilisés pour calibrer les blocs analogiques, permettent de relâcher les contraintes de résolution des blocs analogiques et donc de baisser la surface et la consommation du système global. Dans cette recherche, on étudie les limitations des circuits analogiques CAN pipeline et les techniques de calibration numériques. La calibration hors-ligne effectuée sur un prototype matériel CAN à 11 bits a prouvé l'efficacité de la calibration numérique pour rétablir la linéarité du CAN. On présente ensuite les compromis à effectuer pour distinguer les traitements analogiques des traitements numériques et aboutir à un système de calibration robuste en ligne. On propose une architecture fondée sur un pipeline à deux voies, dit "split". L'approche proposée pour la détection et la correction des erreurs des blocs analogiques repose sur un algorithme déterministe qui conduit à des temps de calculs très courts par rapport à ceux cités dans la littérature. On présente également une extension de l'algorithme de calibration à plusieurs étages du CAN pipeline. Pour valider l'approche proposée de calibration en ligne, un CAN pipeline 200 MS/s 12 bits, à deux voies, a été conçu en technologie CMOS 40 nm. Les simulations après extraction des parasites confirment la précision de la technique proposée et valident le temps de calibration très court. Pour réduire davantage la surface et la consommation d'énergie du convertisseur, on propose une technique qui élimine le circuit d'échantillonnage à l'entrée du CAN sans perdre en précision à haute fréquence. On montre ainsi l'efficacité et la robustesse du système de calibration proposé pour atteindre de hautes résolutions à haute fréquenceHigh resolution wideband Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) in communication systems are becoming an industrial target to provide consumers with high definition and high data rate services with high degree of flexibility. Technology advances enable high speed operation on the expense of a reduced analog resolution. To benefit from technology scaling and the accompanying digital enhancements, digital calibration can be used to leverage the analog resolution at high speed, and at lower area and power consumption. In this research, a study of the analog circuit limitations in pipeline ADCs and the possible digital calibration techniques are investigated. A foreground digital calibration technique has been applied on an 11-bit ADC prototype and measurement results prove the efficiency of digital calibration in restoring the linearity of the ADC. Design considerations for digitally calibrated ADCs are then presented and validated by system and circuit simulations to enable efficient mix between analog and digital for a highly robust digital calibration. A fast split background calibration is proposed and validated by system level simulations for pipeline ADCs. The proposed calibration technique is based on a fully deterministic approach to detect and correct the circuit errors, and thus it enables high accuracy with minimum calibration time reported in literature for a background technique. This technique is further extended for a fully deterministic split multi-stage calibration in pipeline ADCs. A circuit technique is proposed to eliminate the front-end sample and hold amplifier without sacrificing the accuracy of split ADC calibration at high frequencies
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Agostinho, Cornelio Manuel. "Vulnerabilità Sismica delle pipeline di idrogeno." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21999/.
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Quando vengono gestite grandi quantità di sostanze pericolose come gas infiammabili i requisiti di sicurezza per il loro trasporto e distribuzione sono molto stringenti. L'affidabilità strutturale delle infrastrutture di trasporto può trasformarsi in un'efficace misura di prevenzione e mitigazione degli effetti legati agli scenari incidentali, indotti da pericoli naturali come terremoti, frane, alluvioni o tsunami.
Il presente lavoro di tesi è indirizzato alla valutazione del rischio Na-Tech sismico di pipeline di idrogeno al variare della tipologia costruttiva e considerando le analisi di pericolosità sismica locali (Hazard), sia per pipeline specifiche di nuova costruzione che utilizzando network preesistenti per la distribuzione di gas naturale, considerando quindi idrogeno in miscela con metano. Sulla base dei dati osservazionali, la vulnerabilità sismica della pipeline è stata valutata utilizzando le informazioni della PSHA di ogni sito preso in esame e le informazioni sulle fragility della tipologia di pipeline utilizzate per il trasporto di idrogeno, inoltre si è effettuata la Probit Analysis come un semplice strumento statistico.
Dai risultati ottenuti tramite le formulazioni empiriche di valutazione della probabilità di danno, risulta che le pipeline di idrogeno fatte con HDPE hanno una performance migliore rispetto alle pipeline in acciaio per quanto riguarda la tipologia interrata.