Дисертації з теми "Section of Antitrust Law"
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1
Aydemir, Duygu. "Regulatory Framework Of The Sector-specific And Competition Rules In The Telecommunications Sector In Turkey In The Light Of The Eu Law." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609553/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE SECTOR-SPECIFIC AND
COMPETITION RULES IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
IN TURKEY IN THE LIGHT OF THE EU LAW
Aydemir, Duygu
M.S., Department of European Studies
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Gamze Asçioglu-Ö
z May 2008, 189 pages This thesis examines the role of the sector-specific rules and competition rules in the liberalized telecommunications markets. It aims to analyse the design of the legal and institutional framework of these two sets of rules in the liberalized telecommunications sector in Turkey in the light of the EU law. To this purpose, the thesis initially compares and contrasts the main characteristics of and shared responsibilities between the sector-specific and economy-wide competition rules and institutions in the post-liberalization and post-privatization period. Then, the thesis explores the EU approach on the balance of influence between these two sets of rules and institutions. Against this background, the thesis examines role, design and interaction of the sector-specific and competition rules and institutions in the recently liberalized Turkish telecommunications markets. It, also, analyses some important competition law cases concluded by the Competition Authority. The thesis has two main arguments. Firstly, it argues that liberalization and privatization in the telecommunications sector does not automatically lead to the competitive environment in the sector. Competitiveness of the markets after the postliberalization and post-privatization period critically depends on the existence of a robust, coherent, and transparent regulatory framework ensuring a smooth balance between the sector-specific and the competition rules and institutions. Second argument is that sector-specific rules have a transitional character. As telecommunications markets move towards effective competition, sector-specific regulation will be reduced and the role of the competition rules in those markets will increase.
2
Al-Ameen, Hammeed Abayomi. "Antitrust : the person-centred approach." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis proposes a different approach to theorising, analysing and expounding antitrust issues. It states that at present, antitrust is addressed from top-down and narrow perspectives which in effect limit or exclude issues that could otherwise be addressed as antitrust-related especially where antitrust concepts are understood and applied from a broader perspective. The justification for seeking inclusiveness is premised on the concept of procedural justice and on the democratisation of ideas. The thesis commences from a deconstructionist standpoint in order to show the weakness of top-down accounts. It is shown that the prevailing and dominant antitrust accounts cannot lay exclusive claim to antitrust. This is proved by establishing the deconstructability of such individual theories by making due reference to the position of "the Other". The failure to give adequate countenance to the position of "the Other" means that this theories will likely fail to be inclusive. Thus, with the aim of correcting the problem of exclusion attributed to top-down accounts, the thesis identifies the need to construct a bottom-up account. As a precondition, the thesis recognises that any such bottom-up account must avoid making ex ante judgments about the suitability or otherwise of the normative contents of antitrust laws and theories. Taking this condition into account, two alternative approaches based on pure procedural justice are outlined - Habermas' Discourse Ethics and the person-centred approach. The former is shown to be incapable of practical application. This makes it imperative to thoroughly substantiate the latter. The person-centred analysis showcases the conceptual value of inclusiveness by assessing antitrust law and policy through the position of the parties involved. The conceptual value of inclusiveness is also showcased from the policy perspective through the capability approach. This account also shows the value of inclusiveness to antitrust enforcement. It however falls short in terms of adjudicatory value particularly in terms of its practical application. The practical shortfall notwithstanding, this thesis concludes by emphasising how the idea behind the person-centred approach could potentially enrich antitrust discourse and also guide policy-makers and enforcers.
3
Puffer-Mariette, Jean-Christophe. "Die Effektivität von Kronzeugenregelungen im Kartellrecht : eine Analyse und Bewertung des amerikanischen, europäischen, deutschen und französischen Leniency-Programms /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/98805700X/04.
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4
Dabbah, Maher. "Building global antitrust policy : law and politics." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/building-global-antitrust-policy--law-and-politics(d5c2ecd1-9495-49f4-89d9-340b2c83e39f).html.
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5
Le, More Pauline. "Le droit et les cartels internationaux /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80936.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis aims to underline the paradox surrounding cartels in general and international cartels in particular. While they are almost unanimously recognised as the most egregious form of antitrust violations, real political willingness fails to fight efficiently against cartels. Notwithstanding, this paper shows why international cooperation is essential but still unsatisfactory in eliminating international cartels through concrete examples in domestic laws, such as the Fine Arts Auctions Case and export cartel configurations. Existing national and international instruments present advantages and disadvantages. International competition law, including international cartel issues, is still subject to virulent debates within the international community, particularly with respect to the future of a WTO Multilateral Agreement. It raises the question as to what can be suggested in order to solve aspects of these debates in a satisfactory manner and thereby contribute---modestly---to ameliorate the fight against international cartels.
6
Finkelstein, Eric. "Antitrust issues in hospital markets /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7437.
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7
Glader, Marcus. "Innovation markets and competition analysis : EU competition law and US antitrust law /." Lund : Faculty of Law, Lund Univ, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/476526825.pdf.
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8
Martínez, Mata Yolanda. "Abuso de dominio en el sector farmacéutico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El sector farmacéutico es uno de los sectores empresariales en que la tensión entre el Derecho de la Competencia y el Derecho de la Propiedad Intelectual es más evidente. Los objetivos de cada uno de esos ámbitos normativos son, en su misma esencia, contrapuestos y, sin embargo, ambos son socialmente deseables. La aplicación del artículo 102 TFUE en el sector farmacéutico constituye una de las manifestaciones de esa tensión y, a pesar del extenso debate doctrinal habido al respecto, siguen sin estar claras las líneas divisorias entre uno y otro ámbito normativo. En esta tesis nos adentramos en la exploración de esas líneas divisorias, con la perspectiva que ofrece el transcurso de prácticamente una década desde que la Comisión Europea publicara los resultados de su investigación sectorial en el ámbito farmacéutico. Esa década ha ofrecido tan solo unos pocos asuntos y algunos de ellos están todavía pendientes de recurso ante los tribunales comunitarios. Sin embargo, aun siendo escasos, esos asuntos permiten ya atisbar algunas líneas de convergencia entre los distintos tipos de abuso en el sector farmacéutico y ofrecer una aproximación sistemática a la aplicación del artículo 102 TFUE a este sector.
Los asuntos de abuso en los que la conducta del operador dominante ha buscado beneficiarse de una regulación sectorial fragmentaria sin ir más allá de cuanto esa regulación permitía, pero en contra de los objetivos del mercado interior (caso Glaxo Grecia y es posible que en un futuro también el caso Aspen), requieren un análisis de efectos. Al contrario, en los asuntos de abuso en los que la conducta del operador dominante ha perseguido ahondar la distorsión de la competencia derivada de la regulación, yendo más allá de los límites de esta (AstraZeneca y Servier), se ha recurrido a la lógica de las infracciones por objeto. El acierto de esta aproximación de cara a asuntos futuros dependerá, al menos en parte, de que las restricciones por objeto sean únicamente aquellas en las que no exista una explicación legítima plausible para la conducta del operador dominante más allá de su intención de eliminar a la competencia. Aun en esos casos, será necesario además que el operador dominante pueda desvirtuar esa determinación prima facie de la existencia de un abuso objetivo. Desde esta perspectiva, la aplicación del artículo 102 TFUE se limitaría a los asuntos en que la
regulación sectorial o los DPI no permitan corregir las situaciones en que el sistema se utiliza para una finalidad distinta a la prevista por el legislador. En otras palabras, la casuística y jurisprudencia habidas hasta la fecha en el sector farmacéutico evidencian una clara opción de las instituciones y tribunales comunitarios por utilizar el Derecho de la Competencia y, en particular, el artículo 102 TFUE a modo de mecanismo corrector de las deficiencias de un sistema de patentes no armonizado, fragmentario y disperso y de una regulación sectorial todavía parcialmente nacional.El sector farmacèutic és un dels sectors empresarials en què la tensió entre el Dret de la Competència i el Dret de la Propietat Intel·lectual és més evident. Els objectius de cadascun d’aquests àmbits normatius són, en la seva pròpia essència, contraposats i, tanmateix, tots dos són socialment desitjables. L’aplicació de l’article 102 TFUE al sector farmacèutic constitueix una de les manifestacions d’aquesta tensió i, malgrat l’extens debat doctrinal al respecte, continuen sense estar clares les línies divisòries entre un i altre àmbit normatiu. En aquesta tesi ens endinsem en l’exploració d’aquestes línies divisòries, amb la perspectiva que ofereix el transcurs de pràcticament una dècada d’ençà que la Comissió Europea publicà els resultats de llur investigació sectorial en l’àmbit farmacèutic. Aquesta dècada ha ofert només uns pocs assumptes i alguns d’ells estan encara pendents de recurs davant dels tribunals comunitaris. Malgrat ésser escassos, aquests assumptes permeten ja percebre algunes línies de convergència entre els diferents tipus d’abús en el sector farmacèutic i oferir una aproximació sistemàtica a l’aplicació de l’article 102 TFUE a aquest sector. Els assumptes d’abús en els quals la conducta de l’operador dominant ha cercat beneficiar-se d’una regulació sectorial fragmentària sense anar més enllà d’allò que aquella regulació permetia, però en contra dels objectius del mercat interior (cas Glaxo Grècia i és possible que en un futur també el cas Aspen), requereixen una anàlisi d’efectes. Al contrari, en els assumptes d’abús en què la conducta de l’operador dominant ha cercat aprofundir la distorsió de la competència derivada de la regulació, anant més enllà dels límits de la mateixa (AstraZeneca i Servier), s’ha utilitzat la lògica de les infraccions per objecte. L’encert d’aquesta aproximació de cara a assumptes futurs dependrà, com a mínim en part, de que les restriccions per objecte siguin únicament aquelles en què no existeixi una explicació legítima plausible per a la conducta de l’operador dominant més enllà de la seva intenció d’eliminar la competència. Inclús en aquests casos, serà necessari, a més a més, que l’operador dominant pugui desvirtuar aquesta determinació prima facie de l’existència d’un abús objectiu. Des d’aquesta perspectiva, l’aplicació de l’article 102 TFUE es limitaria als assumptes en què la regulació sectorial o els DPI no permetin corregir les situacions en què el sistema de patents s’utilitza per a una finalitat diferent de la prevista pel legislador. En d’altres paraules, la casuística i la jurisprudència existents a data d’avui evidencien una clara opció de les institucions i tribunals comunitaris per utilitzar el Dret de la Competència i, en particular, l’article 102 TFUE com a mecanisme corrector de les deficiències d’un sistema de patents no harmonitzat, fragmentari i dispers i d’una regulació sectorial encara parcialment nacional.
The pharmaceutical sector is one of the industrial sectors in which the tension between Competition Law and Intellectual Property Law becomes most apparent. The objectives of both sets of regulation are in opposition by their very nature and, nevertheless, they are both socially desirable. The application of Article 102 TFEU to the pharmaceutical sector evidences that tension and, despite copious doctrinal debate, the boundaries between both regulatory regimes are still unclear. In this PhD, we explore those boundaries in perspective because almost a decade has elapsed since the publication of the European Commission’s inquiry into the pharmaceutical sector. During this decade only a few cases have been analysed and some of them are still under judicial review. Despite the scarcity, these cases allow for some opinions on convergence lines among the different types of abuse in this sector and for a systematic approach to the application of Article 102 TFUE to this sector. Abuse cases in which the dominant undertaking sought to benefit from a disperse sectoral regulation without exceeding the limits of that regulation (Glaxo Greece case and possibly in a near future also Aspen case), but acting against the objectives of the internal market, require an effects analysis. Conversely, abuse cases in which the dominant undertaking sought to deepen the regulatory distortion of competition exceeding the limits of that regulation (AstraZeneca and Servier), a by-object infringement was deemed to exist. The wisdom of this approach in the prospect of future cases will depend, at least in part, on the limitation of by-object infringements to such behaviour for which there is no other plausible explanation than the intention to eliminate competitors. Even in the latter cases, the dominant undertaking must have the possibility to rebut this prima facie presumption of the existence of a by-object restriction. From this perspective, the application of Article 102 TFEU would be limited to those cases in which the sectoral regulation or the Intellectual Property legislation prove inadequate to overcome situations of regulatory misuse for an objective different from that of the legislator. In other words, so far precedents and case-law in the pharmaceutical sector evidence a clear choice from EU institutions and courts consisting of the use of Competition Law and, in particular, Article 102 TFEU as a correction mechanism against regulatory imperfections deriving from a non-harmonized and fragmented patent system and from a sectoral regulation that remains partially national.
9
Davis, Owen B. "Antitrust punishments in experimental duopoly markets." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654492701&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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10
Alen, Balde. "Private antitrust law enforcement in cases with international elements." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7060/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Supreme Court of the United States consented in its Empagran decision that the foreign antitrust injury that is in a dependency relationship with anticompetitive effects (antitrust injury) in the U.S. is to be litigated before the U.S. courts. Since this decision antitrust law litigation in an international context does not depend merely on anticompetitive effects in the U.S., but also on the relationship between anticompetitive effect and (foreign) private antitrust injury. This is something that was not present in pre-Empagran cases. The Supreme Court did not provide conditions on the basis of which the relationship between anticompetitive effects and private antitrust injury could be classified as one of dependency. This means that the Supreme Court left the determination of these conditions to lower U.S. courts. The lower U.S. courts, instead of attempting to determine these conditions, have made foreign private antitrust injury even more difficult to litigate before the U.S. courts. There are three factors that contributed to this development in U.S. case law: the understanding of the Empagran litigation; the understanding of the nature of the international context, and U.S. courts taking a pro-active role in delivering their decisions for which the reasoning is difficult to understand. The greatest obstacle that post-Empagran U.S. courts have placed in front of private antitrust litigants is the requirement that instead of ‘dependency connection’ there should be ‘direct causation’ between anticompetitive effects in the U.S. and litigated (foreign) private antitrust injury. This thesis considers the existing theoretical and practical problems of the current analytical framework under which antitrust violation is analysed in an international context. The thesis introduces the new legal concept of a ‘transborder standard’. This is necessitated by the starting position of this thesis that a factual situation under adjudication cannot be only either ‘domestic’ or ‘foreign’, but can also be ‘transborder’. The introduction of the transborder standard to the existing theoretical framework enables (and requires) the analysis of the factual situation under adjudication in its integrity, bearing in mind also the purpose of private antitrust law enforcement and the right of private parties to be compensated for suffered antitrust injury. The transborder standard provides a framework to analyse antitrust claims brought before the U.S. courts by those private parties who satisfy their private antitrust injury outside the U.S. At the same time, the transborder standard does not enable private litigants to take advantage of simultaneous antitrust litigation before U.S. courts and the courts of non-U.S. countries. ‘Transborder standard’ is a new legal concept. Nevertheless, the existing system of U.S. antitrust law enforcement does support it and, consequently, the transborder standard can be directly applied.
11
Dittmer, Timothy. "A property rights approach to antitrust analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7501.
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12
Li, Jing, and 李靜. "China's antitrust measures on foreign mergers and acquisitions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203578.
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13
Lu, Angela Cheng-Jui. "International airline alliances : EC competition law-US antitrust law and international air transport /." Leiden, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41007115m.
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14
Zapfe, Charlotte. "Die Ausnahmen vom Kartellverbot zwischen Annäherung und Angleichung an das europäische Recht : vom Enumerationsprinzip zur Generalklausel /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013829601&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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15
Russell, Phillip Byron. "Law and economics : an economic and legal analysis of US antitrust." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29530.
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16
Bavasso, Antonio. "Communications in EU law : antitrust, market power and public interest." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249286.
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17
Barona, Alfredo. "Soft law in practice - assessing technology pools according to American and European antitrust law." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2005. http://d-nb.info/98605495X/04.
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18
Schwartz, Craig. "A case for rescinding professional baseball's antitrust exemption." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/731.
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19
Danov, Mihail. "Jurisdiction and judgements in relation to EC competition law claims." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work is mainly concerned with how jurisdiction is allocated in private EC competition law disputes which have connections with more than one country. The question when the English court is entitled to refuse recognition and enforcement of a foreign judgment, which misapplies or neglects EC competition law, is duly examined as well. Much of the law which provides the framework for the resolution of such disputes is derived from international legal sources, as a consequence of which English law is very similar to or the same as the law of other countries in Europe. The thesis comprises four main parts. The first part introduces the sources that are relevant for jurisdiction and judgments in relation to EC competition law claims. The second part considers the potential jurisdiction problems in antitrust claims and specifies the bases upon which the English courts may exercise jurisdiction in private proceedings arising under EC competition law. The thesis’ third part focuses on questions related to the jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals in EC competition law claims and the jurisdiction of English courts in proceedings ancillary to arbitration in relation to those claims. The fourth part of the work is an analysis of the issue related to recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements in relation to EC competition law claims. The study shows that as a result of the decentralised enforcement of EC competition law, the private international law rules, related to jurisdiction and enforcement of foreign judgments, have a vital role to play if EC competition and law is to be enforced effectively and fulfil its economic function adequately.
20
Bruneau, Jonathan M. "Antitrust law enforcement within the U.S. airline industry : fact or fiction?" Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22505.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overriding theme of this thesis concerns the level of antitrust enforcement within the U.S. airline industry by the agencies entrusted with this task.After a brief Introduction, Chapter I will examine whether concentration within the U.S. airline industry is a natural phenomenon or an ordinary monopoly/oligopoly resulting from the behaviour of competitors. In concluding that a natural monopoly/oligopoly does not exist, Chapter II will analyse the policy being antitrust enforcement in the industry.
Chapter III will then use the implementation of S 408 of the Federal Aviation Act (FAA) by the Department of Transportation (DOT) as an example of such a policy. Finally, the remaining chapters are dedicated to an analysis of the CRS industry. By using this industry as an example, the writer will suggest that, by removing barriers to entry through aggressive use of S 411 of the FAA, the future may see new entrants enter the market. Emphasis will be placed on the attitude of the DOT in this regard.
21
Jones, Clifford A. "The foundations of Community antitrust litigation : a comparative study of private enforcement of US antitrust law in the United States and EC competition law in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242547.
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22
Gan, Xue. "Enhancing the antitrust damages action in China : some lessons from the EU." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/enhancing-the-antitrust-damages-action-in-china(0da94f71-2ec6-4c3b-b421-8021603a4c41).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Article 50 of the Anti-Monopoly Law of China (AML) 2007 and its complementing rules, the Judicial Interpretation 2012 of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC), have provided a legal framework for the antitrust damages action in China. However, the general and ambiguous language of Article 50 and the Judicial Interpretation 2012 fails to provide clear guidance for the courts and parties to antitrust damages actions, in terms of key issues, such as quantification of antitrust damages and the availability of collective action. Moreover, the current framework provided by the AML 2007 has not touched on some controversial issues, such as whether damages litigation is possible against antitrust violations conducted by an administrative agency. These weakness and gaps have impeded the development of the antitrust damages mechanism in China. Meanwhile, the EU has adopted Directive 2014/104 to facilitate private enforcement of competition law in the Member States. Due to the similarity in the combined public/private enforcement model of competition law between the EU and China, the thesis adopts the private enforcement mechanism of EU competition law, as a comparative reference. In doing so, the thesis seeks to fill in some gaps in the existing antitrust damages mechanism provided by the AML 2007, by focusing not only on civil procedural issues in the antitrust damages action against private anticompetitive behaviour, but also examining the administrative litigation procedures and substantive issues involved in the antitrust damages action against administrative monopoly. Regarding the debate on compensation vs. deterrence as goals of antitrust damages actions in China, the thesis contributes to this debate, by submitting that full compensation should be the goal actively pursued by antitrust damages actions, while deterrence, as a side effect of antitrust damages actions, complements optimal deterrence pursued by public enforcement of the AML. Then the thesis examines the quantification of antitrust damages which is directly linked to the achievement of full compensation. The thesis also seeks to propose a workable collective action mechanism for antitrust damages actions in China, which is indispensable to achieving full compensation in an antitrust mass harm situation. By referring to the recent reform of collective actions adopted in the UK, where opt-out collective proceedings have been introduced into the antitrust collective action, the thesis finds that opt-out proceedings would be a good incentive to support the initiation of antitrust damages litigation in China, while proper limitations are needed to be imposed on its application in order to avoid US-style unmeritorious litigation. In addition to private anticompetitive behaviour, the thesis also explores the antitrust damages mechanism against public anticompetitive behaviour, from both substantive and procedural perspectives. It finds that a proportionality test would be an approach to consider when assessing whether an anticompetitive administrative measure is justified on the grounds of public interest, or alternatively whether such regulation or behaviour amounts to abusive and ultimately illegal conduct. In the procedural aspect, the thesis proposes a two-step procedure, including first, judicial review of the alleged measure, and second, the follow-on damages assessment; and the requirement for a compulsory linkage to be established between them.
23
Li, Jing. "China's antitrust measures on foreign mergers and acquisitions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203578.
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24
Aregger, Ruth. "The impact of competition law on copyright law in new economy markets in Canada /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The interface between copyright law and competition law has always been a topic of debate in legal and economic circles. Since the last decade however, new economy markets pose new challenges to this interface. Network effects, interconnectivity, rapid innovation, and excludability are characteristics of new economy markets. Particularly network effects can, in connection with copyright protection, increase market power and provoke competition authorities to monitor the exercise of copyrights.This thesis contains an analysis of the background and underlying principles of Canadian copyright law and competition law. It gives an overview over their interface in the legislation and the impact of competition policy on copyright litigation. It also examines the Intellectual Property Enforcement Guidelines that were issued by the Canadian Competition Bureau in September 2000.
The thesis concludes that competition law and copyright law are complementary instruments that serve the same goals. The two bodies of law are drafted so that they would not oppose one another. Instead of curbing copyright protection through competition policy enforcement, new challenges posed by new economy markets should be met by rethinking copyright policy and protection in these markets.
25
Baronnat, Emilie. "The US and EC antitrust control of transatlantic airline alliances /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The international civil aviation system is currently going through a transitional phase. Deregulation and liberalization of air transport services and privatisation of certain airlines have contributed to the modification of the aviation landscape. In this context, airline alliances play a crucial role. Both the US and EC authorities have been supportive of airline alliances because they believe that alliances have the potential to increase competition and to provide the consumers with benefits.The first part of this thesis intends to provide economic and historical background to highlight the reasons for the multiplication of alliances, as well as the political and economic circumstances under which competition authorities assess alliances. The second part of this thesis is meant to determine which legal regime is applied to transatlantic alliances, and whether alliances are assessed like agreements among companies in any other business sector. The third part focuses more specifically on the antitrust control of the Sky Team alliance which occurs in the context of the EU/US Open skies agreement.
26
Foerderer, Jens Peter. "An unclean deal : why the European Commission was right to block GE-Honeywell." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When the European Commission ultimately blocked the merger between American giant General Electrics and Honeywell in July 2001, this decision triggered a firestorm of criticism. Not only had the Commission just stopped a purely American transaction for the first time since the enactment of European Merger Regulation, but it also contradicted its American Counterpart, the US Department of Justice: The Americans had cleared the deal several months earlier.In spite of constant cooperative efforts during the investigation, the two antitrust agencies could not reach a common position. When scholars and officials tried to find reasons for the divergence between the American and European decisions, they often criticized the Commission's general approach of focusing on competitors rather than on consumers. They further claimed that the Commission had used dubious economic models to block the merger.
This thesis tries to reinstate the reputation of the European Commission as a professional antitrust institution. The criticisms often left the impression that the Task Force of the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission constituted a politically-orientated, rather than economic and legally-orientated, organ. It will be shown that this is actually not the case.
After having analyzed the Commission's decision in detail, and revealing both the strengths and weaknesses of its findings, the thesis will demonstrate that most of the criticisms have to be rejected, and that the Commission had a legal and economic basis in blocking the GE-Honeywell merger.
27
Whelan, Peter Michael. "The criminalisation of European antitrust enforcement : theoretical and legal challenges." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609488.
Повний текст джерела
28
Forrest, Tyler. "Baseball and the courts, 1890-1972 :." See restrictions on access, 2001. http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/library/abner/apponly.htm.
Повний текст джерела
29
Flach, Carl Joseph. "Common error and Canon 1111 [section] 1." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
Повний текст джерела
30
Galloway, Jonathan. "The three faces of international antitrust, and the paradox for international merger control." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis to view abstract. Move to record for print version, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the School of Law, Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
31
CARDOZO, MARIA IZABEL ANDRADE LIMA. "DISCRETION AND JUDICIAL REVIEW IN ANTITRUST LAW AFTER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1988." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8014@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA presente dissertação se propõe a analisar a extensão do controle judicial aplicável às decisões proferidas pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica - CADE (“CADE”), autarquia vinculada ao Ministério da Justiça que detém a competência legal de prevenir e reprimir infrações à ordem econômica. Analisaremos a extensão, e não a viabilidade em si, do controle judicial aplicável às decisões do CADE, pois é princípio assente em nosso Direito, com respaldo no próprio texto constitucional, que nenhuma lesão de direito poderá ser subtraída à apreciação do Poder Judiciário (art. 5º, inciso XXXV, da Constituição Federal de 1988). Por uma questão lógica e programática, iniciaremos o estudo abordando aspectos relevantes da discricionariedade administrativa, que é um dos temas mais apaixonantes do Direito Público e que mereceu a incansável dedicação de juristas ilustres, como Seabra Fagundes, Caio Tácito, Afonso Rodrigues Queiró, Eduardo García de Enterría, Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello, apenas para citar alguns. Dentro do amplo tema da discricionariedade, despertou-nos especial interesse a relação entre a competência discricionária e os conceitos jurídicos indeterminados. Essa discussão, embora ainda incipiente em nosso ordenamento jurídico, vem atraindo cada vez mais a atenção dos estudiosos em direito administrativo, não havendo ainda uma uniformidade de opiniões a respeito do assunto. A seguir, analisaremos as técnicas de controle judicial dos atos administrativos de forma geral, que, desde as Teorias do Desvio de Poder e do Controle dos Motivos do Ato Administrativo, foram sendo aprimoradas ao longo dos anos. Aqui também abordaremos a superação, a partir do pós-positivismo, do antigo dogma da insindicabilidade do mérito do ato administrativo, especialmente em caso de violação a princípios gerais de direito assegurados pelos ordenamentos constitucional e infraconstitucional vigentes. Abordados os aspectos relevantes acerca da discricionariedade administrativa, passaremos a analisar os princípios jurídicos que regem a ordem econômica, a finalidade inspiradora da legislação infraconstitucional de proteção ao direito da concorrência e, em especial, as competências legais do CADE. Em capítulo específico, examinaremos ainda a natureza jurídica das decisões proferidas pelo CADE nos processos de conduta e nos atos de concentração econômica, o que é imprescindível para se determinar a extensão do controle judicial aplicável. Pretendemos dar especial ênfase à controvérsia na doutrina quanto à existência ou não de discricionariedade em favor do CADE para deferir ou indeferir atos de concentração submetidos à sua análise, identificando em que situações hipotéticas a discricionariedade poderia se verificar. Nesse contexto chama a atenção a faculdade outorgada ao CADE pela Lei nº 8.884, de 11 de junho de 1994 (art. 54, parágrafos 1º e 2º), de aprovar determinadas operações que, embora sejam potencialmente lesivas à concorrência, são capazes de gerar eficiências, segundo a acepção do termo no âmbito do direito econômico, como, por exemplo, avanços tecnológicos, aumento ou diversificação na produção, aprimoramento na qualidade dos bens ou serviços, entre outras. Pretendemos indicar como a doutrina tem interpretado esses dispositivos legais, isto é, se eles representam ou não a outorga de uma certa margem de discrição ao CADE nessas situações. A nossa proposta, assim, é tentar delimitar o núcleo de incidência da discricionariedade, acaso existente, e a extensão do controle judicial aplicável às decisões do CADE, levando em consideração a existência de conceitos jurídicos indeterminados na Lei nº 8.884/94, bem como o papel que os princípios hoje exercem como balizadores da atuação de qualquer ente administrativo. Também buscaremos traçar um perfil dos litígios existentes contra o CADE, real
The objective of the present essay is to analyze the judicial review applicable to the decisions rendered by the Administrative Council of Economic Defense (Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica - CADE), an agency reporting to the Ministry of Justice legally competent to prevent and repress violations to the economic order. This essay analyzes the extent but not the viability, per se, of the judicial review applicable to CADE`s decisions, because it is a principle of Brazilian Law, supported by the Federal Constitution, that the law shall not exclude from appreciation by the Judiciary Branch an injury or threat to a right (art. 5, XXXV, of the 1988 Federal Constitution). For the sake of logic and planning, this essay will initially approach relevant aspects of administrative discretion - one of the most fascinating themes of Public Law and worthy of endless dedication by distinguished jurists such as Seabra Fagundes, Caio Tácito, Afonso Rodrigues Queiró, Eduardo García de Enterría, and Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello, among others. In the scope of administrative discretion, the relationship between discretionary competence and undetermined legal concepts was an issue that has specially called our attention. This discussion, although still incipient in our legal system, has increasingly been attracting the attention of scholars dedicated to administrative law. Nonetheless, a peaceful understanding has not been reached in this respect yet. The techniques for judicial review of administrative acts - which have been perfected since the establishment of the theories of Deviation of Power and Control of the Reasons of the Administrative Act - will be analyzed subsequently. We will also address the elimination, in the post-positivism era, of the ancient dogma banning the judicial review of the merits of the administrative act, especially in case of violation of legal principles guaranteed by the Constitution and ordinary legislation. After the analysis of the relevant aspects of administrative discretion, we will review the legal principles that govern the economic order, the objectives of antitrust legislation and, mainly, CADE`s legal competence. In a specific chapter, we will focus on the legal nature of the decisions rendered by CADE in cases involving anticompetitive practices and in the analysis of concentration acts, which is necessary in order to determine the extent of the judicial review applicable. Special attention was drawn on the controversy regarding the existence or not of discretional powers on the benefit of CADE in granting or denying approval to concentration acts submitted to its analysis. We will also identify situations in which such discretional powers could theoretically take place. In this scenario, the faculty granted to CADE by Law 8,884 of June 11th, 1994 (art. 54, paragraphs 1 and 2) to approve certain transactions which, although potentially harmful to competition, might give rise to efficiencies - in the scope of the meaning attributed to the term by economic law - such as, for instance, technological progress, production increase or diversification, improvement of the quality of goods or services, among others. This essay also indicates how legal scholars have construed such legal provisions, i.e., whether or not such legal provisions actually confer a certain discretion to CADE under those circumstances. Thus, the aim of this essay is to outline the area of administrative discretion, if any, and the extent of the judicial review applicable to CADE`s decisions, taking into consideration the existence of undetermined legal concepts in Law No. 8,884/94, as well as the role played by the principles in guiding the acts performed by any administrative entity. This essay also seeks to delineate the profile of the existing disputes against CADE in Brazilian Courts and to make a critical analysis of our case law. At the end we will make our final
32
Chiang, Chi Hang. "A critical review of the Hong Kong new competition regime : a comparative perspective of objectives, institutions, and scope." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aa7e70a1-5f28-4841-9e62-e9760b1267f9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the effectiveness of the competition regime in Hong Kong (HK), which is one of the few remaining developed economies to yet implement a competition law. In its search for the optimal dynamics of the regime, the thesis offers a tripartite examination on its objectives, institutions and scope of application, and how these three distinct internal dimensions individually and jointly influence the effectiveness of the regime. Furthermore, a critical review is offered on two significant external factors, land hegemony and the political regime, both of which exert a strong force on the competition regime. This interdisciplinary research project encompasses legal, political, economic, and market-contextualized analysis. Given that HK has a new competition regime, and is an international financial, communication, and transportation centre, it is appropriate and apposite to evaluate it by international standards. The thesis begins with an examination of three internal dimensions. As a preliminary, it considers the extent to which HK benefits from a free economy with a sound competitive environment. It then moves on to investigate the first dimension, which is that of the objectives of the competition law in terms of its clarity, prioritization and consistency. Following this, the thesis investigates the second dimension, the institutions of the Competition Commission and the Competition Tribunal, by asking how the structure shapes the substance of enforcement. It explores the limitations and virtues of major institutional models and which model is the most appropriate for HK. In its third dimension, the thesis questions the adequacy of the scope of competition law, with a focus on the near blanket exclusion of public entities. Commentary is offered on how to achieve a level playing field between private and public sectors. Following the evaluation of the three internal dimensions, the thesis focuses on their correlations. The discussion reviews the challenges and puts forward a wide range of measures to manage them. Finally, the thesis explores the significance of two external powers, land hegemony and political regime, and suggests several long-term solutions which the author believes would lead to the steady optimization of the competition regime.
33
Osseiran, Marwan Hani. "Rethinking antidumping laws." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis evaluates the arguments for replacing antidumping laws with competition laws or, alternatively, for recasting antidumping laws in the pattern of competition laws.The work discusses the objectives and criteria used in antidumping and antitrust cases. It highlights the harmful and chilling effects of antidumping sanctions. It is a study of whether antidumping laws should be replaced by either supra national (Competition laws) or harmonised domestic antitrust regimes, which penalise international predatory pricing without at the same time penalising non-predatory international price discrimination.
It is suggested that progressive reforms of antidumping rules should become an agenda item of all future WTO Rounds and should focus on reconciling antidumping rules with antitrust treatment of predatory pricing practices.
The progressive inclusion of antitrust criteria into WTO antidumping laws should be made a condition for progress in future WTO negotiations.
34
van, Doormaal Jos [Verfasser]. "Nonlegal Sanctioning in Private Legal Systems : Limits in US Antitrust Law and EU Competition Law / Jos van Doormaal." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233109448/34.
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35
Fainer, Andrew. "Social assistance, equality, and section 15 of the Charter." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6483.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prior to 1982 the Parliament of Canada and the legislatures of the provinces were the sovereign powers within their respective constitutional areas of legislative jurisdiction. In 1982, with the passage by the British Parliament of the Canada Act 1982, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (hereinafter referred to as the "Charter") became part of the "supreme law of Canada". This thesis is composed of three distinct parts. The first part provides an overview of the Ontario social assistance system in its current state of transition. The second part consists of a response to the essential question of equality: what is the worth of a human being? A response to this question is sought within the framework of Western traditions. Based mostly upon a review of the literature and an analysis of the section 15 jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Canada the third part consists of an evaluation of the likelihood of the courts interpreting section 15 of the Charter with regard to cases involving the social assistance system in a manner that is consistent with the conception of human worth and dignity developed in the first two parts of the thesis. It is proposed that the idea of equality requires a social assistance system to recognize the satisfaction of need which is outside the control of the individual, with need being understood to comprise the element of social participation, to be its goal and guiding principle. The underlying basis to this proposition is that equality is essentially a demand upon the human capacity to empathize. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
36
Pothier, Ann Frédérique. "Leading international aviation towards globalization : the new relationship among carrier alliances, open skies treaties and antitrust immunity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44073.pdf.
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37
Jinadasa, Malini S. "The role of the leniency programme in the enforcement of competition law in the UK : a complementary enforcement procedure or an admission of the failure of enforcement authorities to tackle anticompetitive behaviour head on?" Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Leniency Programmes have been introduced as a complementary measure in the enforcement of competition law in detecting cartels, on the basis that hard to find evidence will be provided by undertakings coming forward to confess, in exchange for immunity or reduction in fines. The advantages of leniency are deemed to be twofold, since evidence is thereby expected to be given voluntarily, and in turn it would save up the limited resources available to enforcement authorities, by reducing lengthy investigations in search of evidence. Therefore, the widely accepted view by regulators, economists, and lawyers alike is that leniency is by far the most effective method of detecting and deterring anticompetitive activities by undertakings. An 'undertaking' covers any entity engaged in an economic activity that offers goods or services in a given market. In the UK, Chapter I of the Competition Act 1998 governs prohibitions that fall within the category of cartels of which price-fixing, market or customer sharing, agreements to restrict production or supply, and bid-rigging are the most serious 'hard-core cartels'. This study evaluates the efficacy of the Leniency Programme in the enforcement of competition law applied in respect of cartel infringements based on cases decided by the UK's principal enforcement authority. Chapter I cases decided and published over a twelve-year period, since the Competition Act 1998 came into force, have been analysed in order to evaluate whether the leniency programme has been an incentive for colluders to apply for leniency. The results indicate that very few leniency applications were submitted voluntarily before an investigation was begun by the enforcement authority. Moreover, the detection rate of Chapter I cases on average has been very low over the twelve-year period, less than 2 cases per year, excluding settlements. The research also shows that contrary to the accepted view that evidence relating to cartels is difficult to find, cartels studied in this thesis have left a trail of both electronic, and other evidence that the authorities were able to seize. Further, the leniency applicants were not always reliable witnesses, and despite leniency, the enforcement authorities had to conduct lengthy investigations, negating the cost saving assertion and taking resources away from ex officio interventions by the authorities. The conclusion drawn from this study is that rather than enhancing detection and deterrence of anticompetitive behaviour by undertakings, the leniency programme overlaps, and in effect, undermines the public enforcement of competition law in the UK.
38
Massaga, Salome. "The general anti-avoidance section: a comparative analysis of Section 80a of the South African Tncome Tax Act no. 58 of 1962 and Section 35 of the Tanzanian Income Tax Act no. 11 of 2004." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study will be based on a comparative analysis of the general antiavoidance section of the South African Income Tax Act no. 58 of 1962 and the Tanzanian Income Tax Act no. 11 of 2004. The focus is on how the two provisions are interpreted by showing the similarities and differences. The approach will be analytical and comparative, starting by showing the concept of tax avoidance and historical backgrounds of the two provisions.
39
Rard, Romain. "Unraveling the legal standard applicable to cartels: a comparative study of European and North American antitrust." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In antitrust law, evidentiary requirements are classified as issues of substantive law or as issues of procedural law. But this dichotomy disconnects inseparable dimensions of the legal standard, a pivotal point of reference for corporations since it determines what is required to prove the existence of a cartel. This thesis aims at comparing the legal standard applicable to cartels in the United States, the European Union and Canada. It will be demonstrated how the legal standard enables courts to shape an increasingly economics-based antitrust policy. Two important values are then at stake: enforcement efficiency and legal fairness. These values, in the context of globalization, plead for improvements and a convergence of the standards: the United States must beware of the growing uncertainty in antitrust; Canada must expand the scope of per se provisions; the European Union must strive to clarify the standard of proof.En droit de la concurrence, les normes de preuve sont rattachées au fond du droit ou à la procédure. Cette dichotomie restreint l'analyse juridique : elle isole des aspects inséparables du standard juridique, point de référence essentiel pour les entreprises car il détermine les éléments nécessaires à une qualification d'entente. Ce mémoire compare le standard juridique applicable aux ententes aux Etats-Unis, au Canada et dans l'Union Européenne. On y démontre que le standard permet aux juges de contribuer à une politique de concurrence toujours plus influencée par la science économique. Sont alors en jeu l'efficacité de l'application du droit et l'équité juridique. Dans le cadre de la mondialisation, cela incite à l'amélioration et à la convergence des standards : les Etats-Unis doivent remédier au manque de sécurité juridique croissant ; le Canada doit renforcer l'efficacité du droit de la concurrence ; l'Union Européenne devrait clarifier la norme de la preuve.
40
Nolette, Mark Peter. "Who are the "baptized" of canon 1055 [section] 2?" Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
Повний текст джерела
41
Madiega, Tambiama André. "For an international competition policy : a global welfare approach." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30316.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study flows from fundamentals by describing the raison d'etre of international competition policy: how competition law, interacts with trade policy and why that interaction has become a critical concern that should be addressed in an international cooperative framework. From this observation, this thesis concludes that policy initiatives to establish international substantive competition rules are both desirable and feasible. They are desirable because they would avoid international trade disputes deriving from conflicting implementations of trade and competition policies. They are feasible trough the application of a methodology which balances efficiency, fairness and social objectives. Such a methodology is proposed by the author for the determination of common substantive competition rules.This set of proposals identifies changes that would be acceptable to most national participants in world trade and classifies trade practices into three categories: First, the trade practices prohibited per se, for which international standards can be reached in a short time; second, the trade practices examined under a rule-of-reason approach for which some common standards seem obtainable only in a mid-term frame given the existing divergent antitrust philosophies; third, international mergers and antidumping laws for which, given the strong industrial policy considerations, international substantive rules are not likely to emerge in the foreseeable future.
Finally, as practical illustration, this thesis explores the long-run potential for replacing anti-competitive aspects of current antidumping laws with more efficient and more equitable competition-policy safeguards. The substitution of the international price discrimination standard commonly applied in antidumping review by the predatory pricing standard favoured under antitrust investigations can be achieved through the introduction of two criteria: determination of the "impact on the domestic economy, as a whole" and calculation of the variable cost standard.
42
Bodin, de Galembert Noémie de. "European Community and human rights : the antitrust enforcement procedure facing article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Senator Lines' case, currently pending before the European Court for Human Rights, reveals a lack of procedural fairness of the European Antitrust enforcement under the terms of the European Convention for Human Rights. But in spite of a well-established concern for Fundamental Rights from the European Community, the later is still not bound by the Convention.That is why it is critical that the EC accede to the Convention following the example of its branches. Meanwhile, it is necessary to determine whether the Member States could be held responsible for the Community's acts that violate the rights protected by the Convention. That is the question the Court will have to answer in the Senator Lines' case. Nevertheless, the Council Regulation which organises the antitrust enforcement procedure must be reformed in order to ensure an indispensable balance of power.
43
Misrahi, Frederic. "The Europeanisation of Turkish policies and institutions in the areas of technical legislation and antitrust (1996-2010)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis assesses the causes and implications of Turkey's alignment with European Union (EU) policies and institutions in the areas of technical legislation (TL) and antitrust between 1996 and 2010. It argues that EU conditionality, based on the promise of positive rewards such as full membership, largely accounts for Turkey's high record in adopting EU policies and institutions in both areas, in rational-institutionalist fashion. This is because, in welldefined periods, the Turkish government deemed EU conditionality credible enough to walTant major adoption activities. However, regarding TL, EU-related domestic utility considerations (DUCs) played a crucial pali in suppOliing the development of the implementation and to some extent the enforcement dimensions. In antitrust, adoption and enforcement were also crucially suppOlied by non-EU factors, not least the regulatory drive that followed the 2000-2001 financial crises. By contrast, social-constructivist EU-related factors only played a marginal role with regard to adoption, implementation and enforcement. To avoid a bias toward EU explanations, I use counterfactual thought experiments, and compare each positive case with a negative case, where alignment is very low. My negative cases are mutual recognition and state aid. The study reveals the purchase of DUCs in countries where the credibility of EU conditionality is problematic, such as Turkey. It demonstrates that different explanatory models may account for alignment in one policy area, depending on the dimension considered. Turkey's alignment has domestic and external implications. Domestically, although Turkey made important steps towards the idealtype of the EU-style regulatory state in both areas, the transfOlmation was largely reactive, and remained incomplete. Externally, Turkey's alignment scenario, as well as both policy areas' intrinsic characteristics, imply that Mediterranean partner countries' prospects for comprehensive regulatory convergence with the EU are weak. The study relies on primary and secondary sources, non-structured interviews, and extensive fieldwork.
44
Malek-Bakouche, Farah. "Competition law and international trade from the GATT to the WTO : the undeniable reality of an emergent jurisprudence." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Liberalising trade is not limited to diminishing trade barriers or decreasing tariffs rates, but also ensuring that these efforts are maintained: this is the role of competition rules.It is common knowledge that for decades Countries have been trying to agree on international harmonised competition rules. Aware of this interaction between trade and competition policies, they knew efforts had to be undertaken to make them co-exist. Unfortunately the dream never came true. And parties only inherited rules of competition hardly recognised, or implicitly applied within the International Trade Law Framework. Even if some implicit rules of competition have been 'injected' in some of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade provisions in the early 1950's, it is only the new 1994 World Trade Organisation Agreements that have consecrated this orientation, drafted so to discipline the Parties as for competition-related behaviour; even if by definition WTO Agreements were not competition agreements.
Far from the debate of their potential harmonisation, the thesis identifies these rules, analyses their evolution within time and their very application through the study of WTO cases. It will establish that the emergence of a competition jurisprudence is an undeniable reality.
45
Oya, Kazuo. "The relationship between competition law and telecommunications regulation : a comparative assessment." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis seeks to contribute to solving the debate about the framework of rules and institutions applicable to public utility sectors, by adopting both economic theories, such as natural monopoly, network effects, and public goods, and practical analysis of the telecommunications sectors for both Australia and the United States. Governments must reevaluate the framework regulating public utility sectors whenever rapid technological advancements occur. This thesis argues that the antitrust authority better enforces competition rules, and that the sector-specific authority better enforces technical and universal service rules. The justification of the special competition rule concerning bottleneck facilities access should be limited. As for the universal service scheme, the enforcer should ensure competitive neutrality and adopt pro-competitive instruments. This framework would allow for a more market-oriented and economy-wide regulatory administration, as well as enforcement of the universal service scheme based on a more accurate reflection of the fundamental values of citizens.
46
Janka, Sebastian Felix. "Die Pressefusionskontrolle nach südafrikanischem und deutschem Kartellrecht : eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989940128/04.
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47
DE, STREEL Alexandre. "On the edge of antitrust : the relationship between competition law and sector regulation in european electronic communications." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Defence date: 17 October 2006Examining Board: Prof. Jacques Ziller (Supervisor, European University Institute); Prof. Massimo Motta (Co-Supervisor, European University Institute); Prof. Pierre Larouche (University o f Tilburg); Mrs. Inge Bernaerts (European Commission)
First made available online on 15 May 2018
48
MADIEGA, Tambiana. "Interaction between EC competition law and sector-specific regulation in converging electronic communications markets." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Defence date: 27 September 2008Examining Board: Pr. Hanns Ullrich (EUI), Florence, Italy ; Pr. Heike Schweitzer (EUI), Florence, Italy ; Pr. Paul Nihoul (Université Catholique de Louvain), Belgium ; Pr. Catherine Prieto (Université Aix-Marseille, élue Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne), France
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
49
PANTAZI, Anne S. "Control of strategic alliances pursuant to European competition law : a case study in the telecommunications sector." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5655.
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50
MARQUIS, Mel. "Introducing free markets and competition to the electricity sector in Europe." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5602.
Повний текст джерела