Статті в журналах: "Secondary defect"

1

Almazova, L. A., and O. S. Sedova. "SIMULATION OF THE SURFACE DEFECTS INFLUENCE ON THE ALUMINUM ALLOY BEHAVIOUR UNDER THE CYCLIC LOAD CONDITIONS." Frontier materials & technologies, no. 1 (2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2022-1-7-14.

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Aluminum and its alloys, such as the Al–Si–Mg alloy, are widely used in various industrial and engineering fields due to their mechanical properties. In this case, the defects occurring during the casting process adversely affect the behavior of this alloy under cyclic load conditions. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the surface defect influence on the material's fatigue strength is currently of great importance. The paper presents a numerical investigation based on the finite element method intended to evaluate the effect of the interaction of the complex-shaped defects on the stress of the Al–Si–Mg aluminum alloy. The developed complex-defect model consists of a hemispherical main (base) defect and a secondary defect at the bottom of the main one. The authors use the Chaboche model to describe the material’s behavior under the cyclic load conditions. The paper contains the computational solution constructed with the ANSYS Workbench platform. The authors supposed that it is possible to approximate the considered complex defect form by an equivalent simplified defect. The study shows that the maximum von Mises stress values for the complex-shaped defects are achieved at the joint of the secondary defect with the main one. In the case of an equivalent defect, the maximum values are observed at the defect's bottom and on the periphery. The authors comparatively estimated the uncertainty obtained using an equivalent defect and the cases of three complex-shaped defects and three hemispherical defects without additional (secondary) damage. This estimation shows that in the case of a complex-shaped defect, the equivalent defect model has an error of 14.5 %, which is 6.5 % greater than in the case of the hemispherical defects without secondary damages at the bottom.

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2

Mu, Jinshuang, Zhanjun Gao, and Fengyuan Zhou. "Defect Analysis of Secondary Equipment Based on Power Dictionary and Apriori Algorithm." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125602028.

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In order to improve the operation level and maintenance efficiency of the secondary equipment in the power system, based on the historical defect data, starting from the efficiency of data processing, power system need to build electricity dictionary. In the process of describing and processing the defect data, based on the electric power dictionary, the key characteristics of the defect data can be effectively extracted. From the perspective of data mining, this paper use Apriori algorithm to correlate and analyze the defect data, establish a analysis model for the secondary equipment defect data. Take a provincial electric power company’s secondary equipment historical defect data mining as an example, describes the application process and analysis method of Apriori algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can effectively dig out familial defects and find the weakness of the equipment, it has a certain guiding role for the improvement of equipment performance and secondary equipment operation, maintenance and overhaul.

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3

Bakavičiūtė, Greta, Sabina Špiliauskaitė, Audronė Meškauskienė, and Diana Ramašauskaitė. "Laparoscopic repair of the uterine scar defect – successful treatment of secondary infertility: a case report and literature review." Acta medica Lituanica 23, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 227–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v23i4.3424.

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Background. The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case of laparoscopic repair of a uterine scar defect, to assess the effectiveness of treatment reviewing the latest literature sources, and to provide recommendations of uterine scar defect management. Materials and methods. We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with an insufficient uterine scar and one-year history of secondary infertility. Following this, she underwent corrective laparoscopic repair, successfully got pregnant two months later and carried pregnancy to full term. We discuss the prevalence of caesarean scar defects, their clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, various treatment techniques, and their outcomes. Results and conclusion. Caesarean scar defects, insufficient uterine scars, isthmocele or scar dehiscence following a caesarean section involve myometrial discontinuity at the site of a scar previous caesarean section. These anatomical defects associated with prolonged menstrual bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and secondary infertility. Laparoscopic repair of the uterine scar defect is an effective method of treatment of secondary infertility. Patients with a previous history of caesarean section who present complaints of secondary infertility, need a detailed evaluation of the uterine scar before planning future pregnancies.

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4

Mirchuk, B. M., and Y. V. Maksymov. "Orthodontic treatment of secondary deformations in adult patients with defects of dentition." Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives) 26, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.2.234633.

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In the presence of dentition defects there is a complex of morphological, aesthetic and functional changes that significantly complicate the process of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Dentition defects, combined with various dental anomalies and deformations very often impede rational prosthetics and at times make it impossible at all. The aim is to increase the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment of secondary deformations in patients with dentition defects by using primary dental implants as an additional skeletal support. For clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of secondary deformations in 20 patients with partial dentition defects there was performed orthodontic treatment using a straight arc technique with metal braces of the Roth system and primary detailed one-component implants as an additional skeletal support. On the diagnostic models of the jaws, the meso-distal dimensions of the lost teeth and their possible position in the dentition were determined, the shape of the dentition by methods of Pon and Korkhaus, the position of the teeth in the area of dentition defects was analyzed and the jigs of occlusion according to Andrews were defined. The use of primary dental implants as an additional skeletal support in the area of dentition defects makes it possible to control the rotation of the teeth and at the same time to use orthodontic forces of different intensity during their distal or mesial movement. As a result of orthodontic treatment of secondary deformations, we managed to achieve positive changes in the normalization of angles of dental inclination that limit the defect in patients with dentition defects. Along with the normalization of the angles of dental inclination (torque and angulation) which limit dentition defects we have noticed an increase in the distance between these teeth, which allows to restore dentition defect with dentures, better corresponding to the size of the lost teeth. Important, in our opinion, is the possibility, when using a primary dental implant as an additional skeletal support, to use the technique of segmental braces. The use of primary dental implants in the area of the dentition defect as an additional skeletal support makes it possible to restore angulation and torque of the teeth, which limit the defect, using orthodontic forces of different intensity. As a result of orthodontic treatment of secondary deformations, the distance between teeth limiting dentition defects on the upper jaw increased on average by 2.39 mm (p<0.001) and on the lower jaw – by 2.57 mm (p<0.001).

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5

Bhandari, Kishor, Chih-Hung Lin, and Han-Tsung Liao. "Secondary Mandible Reconstruction with Computer-Assisted-Surgical Simulation and Patient-Specific Pre-Bent Plates: The Algorithm of Virtual Planning and Limitations Revisited." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 4672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094672.

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Despite the known advantages of virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional (3D) printing, translation of virtual planning to actual operation is a challenge, especially in secondary mandibular reconstruction. Patients who underwent secondary microvascular mandibular reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed and categorized into three categories as follows: (i) defect not crossing the midline (category I); (ii) defects crossing the midline with availability of previous imaging data (category II) and; (iii) defects crossing the midline with unavailability of previous imaging data (category III). The resulting 3D printed models were used as an effective guide for plate bending during secondary reconstruction surgery. Accuracy of the reconstruction was evaluated by superimposing post-operative images over virtual plan. Out of eleven patients, five were category I, three were category II, and three were category III. The mean linear discrepancy between the planned and post-operative position was measured. A Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare mean discrepancy among the groups showed no significant difference between group I and group II (p > 0.05) whereas comparison of groups I and II with group III showed a significant difference (p < 0.01). The proposed algorithm for the generation of defect template for manual plate bending during secondary reconstruction of mandibular defects is valid with acceptable accuracy in various defect configurations.

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6

Robson, A. K., A. J. Jones, and R. W. T. Slack. "CSF otorrhoea secondary to a tegmen defect." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 10 (October 1989): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100110692.

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7

Raineri, V., and S. U. Campisano. "Secondary defect dissolution by voids in silicon." Applied Physics Letters 69, no. 12 (September 16, 1996): 1783–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117485.

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8

Horswell, Bruce B., and James M. Henderson. "Secondary osteoplasty of the alveolar cleft defect." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 61, no. 9 (September 2003): 1082–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(03)00322-7.

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9

Gaiduk, P. I., and A. Nylandsted Larsen. "Secondary defect evolution in ion‐implanted silicon." Journal of Applied Physics 68, no. 10 (November 15, 1990): 5081–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347071.

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10

HALLISEY, MICHAEL J., and VICENTE J. CARIDE. "Single Perfusion Defect Secondary to Intrathoracic Kidney." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 15, no. 7 (July 1990): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199007000-00020.

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11

Abbas, Ahmed M., Salwan Y. Bede, and Shefaa H. Alnumay. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of using platelet rich fibrin (PRF) as a sole grafting material and membrane in augmentation of dehiscence and fenestration defects encountered during dental implant surgery." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 31, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v31i2.2623.

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Background: Bone regeneration in dehiscence and fenestration defect can be improved with the use of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) that provides a scaffold for new bone regeneration. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PRF as a graft material and membrane in dehiscence and fenestration defects. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical study included patients who received dental implants that demonstrated peri-implant defects which were augmented using Leukocyte- PRF (L-PRF) or Advanced-PRF (A-PRF). Twenty four weeks postoperatively the defect resolution and the density of regenerated bone were assessed by CBCT and re-entry surgery. The assessment also included measurement of primary and secondary implant stability using Periotest® M, success rate and complication rate of the installed implants. Results: The mean overall intraoperative defect size was 29.44 (± 14.1) mm2, postoperatively it became 2.07 (± 3.6) mm2 with a statistically significant difference (p= < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between L-PRF and A-PRF. Defect resolution ranged from 80% to 100% with a mean of 95.7% (± 6.7%). Defects that showed complete resolution were significantly smaller in size (21.2± 7 mm2) than those that showed partial resolution (44.4± 11 mm2). The overall mean primary stability recorded was 2.9 (± 1.6) Periotest values (PTV) and overall mean secondary stability was -0.22 (±1.4) (P<0.0001).The overall mean HU of the newly formed peri-implant bone was 385.7 (± 77.4). Conclusions: PRF as the sole graft material for peri-implant defects results in complete defect resolution in small to moderate defects, larger defects may require the addition of bone substitute to achieve complete defect resolution.

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12

Kumar, Mukesh, Ashish Dubey, Nirmal Adhikari, Swaminathan Venkatesan, and Qiquan Qiao. "Strategic review of secondary phases, defects and defect-complexes in kesterite CZTS–Se solar cells." Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 11 (2015): 3134–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee02153g.

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13

Peled, Micha, Dror Aizenbud, Jacob Horwitz, and Eli E. Machtei. "Treatment of Osseous Cleft Palate Defects: A Preliminary Evaluation of Novel Treatment Modalities." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 4 (July 2005): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/03-141.1.

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Objective To compare the use of autogenous iliac bone graft (ABG) alone with nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Gore-Tex TR membrane (GTM) and with ABG plus resorbable Resolut XT membrane barriers for the secondary closure of alveolar cleft defects. Study Design Fifteen patients aged 9 to 17 years with unilateral cleft palate were included in this study. All patients had primary closure of the soft tissues at infancy. Presurgical orthodontics and scaling preceded the surgery. The patients were randomized to one of three surgical treatment groups: (1) ABG, (2) GTM, or (3) autogenous bone plus resorbable membrane (ABM). Periapical radiographs were taken pretreatment and 2 to 6 years later and were used to measure changes in size (linear and area) of the osseous defect. Results Significant decreases were observed in mean initial defect width (9.8 to 6.7 mm; p = .0263), mean initial defect height (20.7 to 15.1 mm), and overall mean defect size (223.6 to 143.9 mm2). Greater improvement in mean defect width was observed for the ABM group (6.42 mm) compared with the ABG (1.22 mm) and GTM (1.38 mm) groups. The reduction in overall mean defect size was significantly greater in the ABM group (177 mm2) compared with the GTM (20.51 mm2) and ABG (41.69 mm2) groups. Conclusion Guided bone regeneration was found potentially useful for the treatment of osseous cleft palate defects. The combined approach yielded significantly greater defect fill. If further substantiated in larger independent studies, the adjunctive use of barrier membranes could improve the management of secondary closure of cleft palate defects.

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14

Kaur, Kulwinder, Naveen Kumar, and Mukesh Kumar. "Strategic review of interface carrier recombination in earth abundant Cu–Zn–Sn–S–Se solar cells: current challenges and future prospects." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 7 (2017): 3069–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta10543b.

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15

Zhao, Qing‐tai, Zhong‐lie Wang, Tian‐bing Xu, Pei‐ran Zhu, and Jun‐si Zhou. "Reduction of secondary defects in BF2implanted Si(100) by ion beam defect engineering." Applied Physics Letters 64, no. 2 (January 10, 1994): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111522.

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16

C Eze, Gloria, Nkiru Kizor -Akaraiwe, Amalachukwu A Chime, Cosmas C. Anajekwu, Ifeoma N Asimadu, Chima E Edoga, and Ifeoma R. Ezegwui. "Colour vision defect among secondary school students in enugu, Nigeria: prevalence, pattern and impact." Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System 10, no. 5 (October 5, 2020): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2020.10.00394.

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Aim: To determine the prevalence, pattern and impact of colour vision defects among public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria with a view to guiding the affected students on appropriate career choice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among students attending public secondary schools in Enugu-East Local Government Area, Enugu state. A total of 950 students (361 males, 589 females) were selected by multistage sampling. The students were assessed for colour vision using Ishihara 38 plate edition and Farnsworth D-15 colour caps. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data and impact of colour vision on colour-related school tasks and activities of daily living. Data was analysed using statistical package foe social sciences, version 20. Result: The age of the students ranged from 10-20 years with mean age of 14.2 ± 1.9 years. Eleven (1.2%) students were found to have colour vision defect out of whom 9 were boys and 2 were girls, 6 (54.5%) were deutan and 5 (45.5%) were protan. No tritan defect was detected. Greater percentages of the students with colour vision defect had difficulties with colour-related school tasks and daily activities when compared to those with normal colour vision. Conclusion: Colour vision defect may affect students’ performance in colour-related school tasks and activities of daily living. Therefore, early detection of colour vision defect is important so as to guide in the choice of future career

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17

Kim, Yi-Sik, and Jong Bum Choi. "Postinfarction ventricular septal defect secondary to infective endocarditis." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 1016–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezv164.

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18

Davis, Elizabeth, Krishna C. Vemulapalli, Denise Hansen, James F. Kellam, and Timothy S. Achor. "Secondary Union of a Critical Segmental Femoral Defect." JBJS Case Connector 8, no. 4 (November 14, 2018): e87-e87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.cc.17.00302.

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19

Dekker, Travis J., Nicholas N. DePhillipo, Mitchell Iung Kennedy, Zachary S. Aman, and Robert F. LaPrade. "An Acute Osteochondral Defect Secondary to Fabella Impaction." JBJS Case Connector 10, no. 4 (2020): e20.00513-e20.00513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.cc.20.00513.

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20

Mundra, Leela S., Husain T. AlQattan, Meghan G. Janette, Carissa Patete, and Seth R. Thaller. "Iatrogenic Conchal Defect Secondary to Auricular Cartilage Graft." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 29, no. 4 (June 2018): e402-e404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000004407.

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21

Goldberg, R. D., T. W. Simpson, I. V. Mitchell, P. J. Simpson, M. Prikryl, and G. C. Weatherly. "Secondary defect formation in self-ion irradiated silicon." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 106, no. 1-4 (December 1995): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(95)00706-7.

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22

Kapse, Payal, and M. K. Sowmya. "Rehabilitation of the surgical defect secondary to mucormycosis." International journal of health sciences 6, S1 (March 22, 2022): 1730–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4938.

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Aim: To report a case of Mucormycosis of right maxilla due to uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus along with its surgical management and immediate Prosthetic rehabilitation. Background: Phycomycetes is the causative agent leading to the deadly fungal infection called Mucormycosis. Predisposing factors involve patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant. The survival rate of the patients depends upon how quickly the disease is diagnosed and treated. Case Description: This article presents a case report of a 54-year-old female patient reported with the complaint of pain on the right side of the face along with headache and difficulty in breathing. Patient was diabetic and not under medication. After routine investigations, patient was diagnosed for Mucormycosis. The treatment involved excision of the necrotic tissues present in the right maxilla. Patient was referred to Department of Prosthodontics before surgery. Following hemi-maxillectomy, closure of the defect was done to prevent regurgitation due to oro-antral communication using surgical obturator and inserted immediately following surgery. To reduce the weight, a hollow bulb surgical obturator was the prosthetic choice in this case report. Conclusion: Surgical obturator can be a treatment of choice for immediate closure of defect secondary to Mucormycosis.

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23

Inal, Samet, and Alper Alkan. "Closure of Palatal Defects Following Excision of Palatal Pleomorphic Adenomas." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 6 (2008): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-6-99.

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Aim The purpose of this study is to compare different palatal defect closure techniques following excision of palatal pleomorphic adenomas (PPA) in four cases and to review the associated dental literature. Methods and Materials Excision of all four PPA's was performed under local anesthesia. Three different closure techniques used among the cases included an intact mucosal flap, a pedicled buccal fat pad, or secondary healing. Results On average the defects healed completely at two months following surgery. While final healing was ideal, partial necrosis of the mucosal flap and minimal postoperative bleeding were seen as complications in two cases. Conclusion Regardless of the size of the palatal defect created by the surgical excision of a PPA it heals ideally by secondary healing. However, the possibility of secondary bleeding and infection during the healing period should be kept in mind. Citation Alkan A, Inal S. Closure of Palatal Defects Following Excision of Palatal Pleomorphic Adenomas. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:099-107.

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24

Gode, Sercan, Stefan Lieber, Ana Carolina Igami Nakassa, Eric W. Wang, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda, Paul A. Gardner, and Carl H. Snyderman. "Clinical Experience with Secondary Endoscopic Reconstruction of Clival Defects with Extracranial Pericranial Flaps." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 80, no. 03 (September 4, 2018): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1668517.

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Objectives The aim of this study is to report the clinical outcome of extracranial pericranial flaps (ePCF) used for reconstruction of clival dural defects following failure of primary repair. Design Retrospective review of skull base database. Setting Academic medical center. Participants Patients undergoing reconstruction of clival defects with ePCF following endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES). Main outcome measures Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, meningitis, and flap necrosis. Results Seven patients (five males and two females) who underwent ePCF reconstruction for clival defects following EES were included. All patients (ages 8–64 years) had a postoperative CSF leak due to a failed primary clival reconstruction (five had one, one had two, and one had three failed CSF leak repairs prior to ePCF reconstruction). Nasoseptal and inferior turbinate (lateral nasal wall) flaps were not available for secondary reconstruction due to prior surgeries. The immediate success rate of ePCF for the reconstruction of clival defects in patients with multiple flap failures was 58%. Two patients developed CSF leaks that were successfully repaired endoscopically with the addition of free tissue grafts; one patient had partial flap necrosis that required debridement; none required an additional vascularized flap. Width of the defect, length of the defect, properties of the ePCF, and age did not demonstrate significance (p > 0.05) for adverse outcome. Conclusion An ePCF is a reconstructive option for high-risk, large clival defects when other local and regional vascularized flaps are not available or fail. ePCFs can be used for reconstruction of clival defects in all populations, including pediatric patients.

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Yanik, Susan, Sherard Tatum, and Susannah Orzell. "Secondary Repair of the Zygoma." Facial Plastic Surgery 33, no. 06 (December 2017): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608767.

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AbstractSecondary deformities of the zygoma are a rare entity, thanks to the adoption and refinement of open reduction and internal fixation techniques. These injuries are often difficult to treat due to the unique structural, functional, and aesthetic properties of the zygoma. Purely cosmetic defects can often be managed with implants; however, functional deficits generally require mobilization, correction, and subsequent fixation of the defect(s). Performing the necessary osteotomies to mobilize the zygoma is the most crucial part of the procedure, and had traditionally been executed without the use of computer aids. Planning for and performing this step was very difficult and frequently resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes. Recent advancements in virtual mapping and planning have obviated the need for guesswork and have resulted in improved functional and aesthetic outcomes following repositioning. This article will discuss the use of implants, osteotomies, and computer-assisted design/modeling (CAD/CAM) in addressing secondary deformities of the zygoma.

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Costa, Marcio, Edgard Quintella, Leonardo Hadid, Verônica Nasr, Maximiliano Lacoste, and Alexandre Fuchs. "Mechanical hemolysis secondary to percutaneous repair of an iatrogenic Gerbode defect with the Amplatzer™ Septal Occluder." Journal of Transcatheter Interventions 29 (December 16, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31160/jotci202129a20210028.

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The Gerbode defect is defined as an abnormal communication between the left ventricle and the right atrium, and is etiologically classified as congenital or acquired (iatrogenic or not). The typical treatment consists of surgical repair of the shunt, but transcatheter occlusion of this condition has proven to be a safe and effective therapeutic alternative for such patients, especially for those with prior surgeries. The aim of this study was to report a case of transcatheter closure of an acquired Gerbode defect, using the Amplatzer™ Septal Occluder device, in a 58-year-old patient, with two prior mitral valve replacements, and the consequent post-procedure mechanical hemolysis.

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27

Li, Chang Rong, Zhen Yao, and Zhao Hua Liang. "Continuous Casting Process Parameters on Central Defect of SWRH82B Billet." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.361.

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Continuous casting process parameters such as casting speed, superheat, secondary cooling water flow rate have greatly affections to central defects in SWRH82B billet. These parameters were investigated by the methods of chemical content analysis and etch test for macrostructure in some steel plant of china. The results shows that the central defect of SWRH82B billet can be improved when the superheat is controlled at the range of 15~25°C, casting speed is 1.80m•min-1 and secondary cooling water flow rate is 0.72 L•kg-1.

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Travers, Colm P., Jared Austin Hamm, Sue Cleveland, Mike K. Chen, Scott Anderson, and Joseph B. Philips. "Thoracoschisis secondary to a mesenchymal hamartoma associated with diaphragmatic eventration." Case Reports in Perinatal Medicine 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crpm-2015-0081.

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Abstract Thoracoschisis is an extremely rare congenital anomaly associated with limb body wall defect and diaphragmatic hernia. We describe a case of a female infant who was noted at birth to have tissue coming through a left sided thoracic defect next to an accessory nipple. The stomach bubble was displaced superiorly on radiographs. At surgery the tissue was attached to the left lateral lobe of the liver and was protruding through the chest wall via an intercostal defect below an eventrated diaphragm. The tissue was resected and the defect closed. Pathological examination was consistent with a mesenchymal hamartoma. The diaphragm may have formed abnormally in this case due to the presence of the mesenchymal hamartoma in this location.

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Huang, Menglin, Zhengneng Zheng, Zhenxing Dai, Xinjing Guo, Shanshan Wang, Lilai Jiang, Jinchen Wei, and Shiyou Chen. "DASP: Defect and Dopant ab-initio Simulation Package." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 042101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/4/042101.

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Abstract In order to perform automated calculations of defect and dopant properties in semiconductors and insulators, we developed a software package, the Defect and Dopant ab-initio Simulation Package (DASP), which is composed of four modules for calculating: (i) elemental chemical potentials, (ii) defect (dopant) formation energies and charge-state transition levels, (iii) defect and carrier densities and (iv) carrier dynamics properties of high-density defects. DASP uses the materials genome database for quick determination of competing secondary phases when calculating the elemental chemical potential that stabilizes compound semiconductors. DASP calls the ab-initio software to perform the total energy, structural relaxation and electronic structure calculations of the defect supercells with different charge states, based on which the defect formation energies and charge-state transition levels are calculated. Then DASP can calculate the equilibrium densities of defects and electron and hole carriers as well as the Fermi level in semiconductors under different chemical potential conditions and growth/working temperature. For high-density defects, DASP can calculate the carrier dynamics properties such as the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and carrier capture cross sections which can interpret the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Here we will show three application examples of DASP in studying the undoped GaN, C-doped GaN and quasi-one-dimensional SbSeI.

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30

Mignogna, Frank V., and Kenneth F. Garay. "“Split” Umbrella Onlay Grafts for the Correction of Upper Lateral Cartilage Defects." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 11, no. 3 (September 1994): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689401100312.

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Multiple techniques have been proposed to correct cartilaginous asymmetries and defects in the nasal pyramid. Some have proven to be more successful maneuvers than others. Among the more successful are the septal—upper lateral spreader grafts popularized by Sheen. However, some upper lateral defects have proven to be incompletely correctable by this technique. This is especially the case in secondary rhinoplasty, where excessive upper lateral cartilage may have been initially resected, resulting in a step-off defect vis-a-vis the nasal bone and a depression lateral to the dorsal profile, frequently associated with a defect in the nasal valve. “Split” umbrella onlay grafts have proven to be a successful technique to correct these defects in our hands in over 350 cases performed from 1987 through 1992. Morselized alar or septal cartilage was employed to correct upper lateral defects in the primary rhinoplasty group. Contoured auricular cartilage grafts proved to be more successful in the secondary rhinoplasty or the badly traumatized nose. Valvular competence was maintained or improved in all cases. This easily performed technique is deserving of more widespread application.

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31

Lu, Chao, Guo Chen, and Xin Wang. "Ultrasonic TOFD Method for near Surface Defect Detection Using Longitudinal Secondary Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.7.

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Aim at the problem of near surface blind area in ultrasonic TOFD technique, a new testing mode combined to ultrasound time of flight diffraction-reflection(TOFDR) and the three-fold reflected(TOFDW) based on secondary longitudinal waves was put forward. Through analysis the transmission characteristics of TOFDR and TOFDW, the two modes of the detection principle were illustrated, and discussed the ability in near surface detection of the two methods. Finally through the detecting artificial defects detection, the signal and image characteristics and detection sensitivity under the modified detection mode were studied. The artificial defect with buried depth of 1mm can be effectively detected from the D-scan image by the combined TOFDR and TOFDW methods.

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32

Tabrizi, S. J., and A. H. V. Schapira. "Secondary abnormalities of mitochondrial DNA associated with neurodegeneration." Biochemical Society Symposia 66 (September 1, 1999): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0660099.

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The central nervous system has a particularly high energy requirement, thus making it very susceptible to defects in mitochondrial function. A number of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The identification of a mitochondrial complex-I defect in PD provides a link between toxin models of the disease, and clues to the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. We have undertaken genomic transplantation studies involving the transfer of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from PD patients with a complex-I defect to a novel nuclear background. Histochemical, immunohistochemical and functional analysis of the resulting cybrids all showed a pattern in the PD clones indicative of a mtDNA mutation. There is good evidence for the involvement of defective energy metabolism and excitotoxicity in the aetiology of HD. We, and others, have shown a severe deficiency of complex II/III confined to the striatum that mimics the toxin-induced animal models of HD. There is also a milder defect in complex IV in the caudate. The tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme aconitase is particularly sensitive to inhibition by peroxynitrite and superoxide radicals. We have found this enzyme to be severely decreased in HD caudate, putamen and cortex in a pattern that parallels the severity of neuronal loss seen. We propose a scheme for the role of nitric oxide, free radicals and excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of HD. FRDA is caused by an expanded GAA repeat in intron 1 of the X25 gene encoding a protein called frataxin. Frataxin is widely expressed and is a mitochondrial protein, although its function is unknown. We have found abnormal magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the skeletal muscle of FRDA patients, which parallels our biochemical findings of reduced complexes I-III in patients' heart and skeletal muscle. There is also reduced aconitase activity in these areas. Increased iron deposition was seen in patients' tissues in a pattern consistent with a mitochondrial location. The mitochondrial iron accumulation, defective respiratory chain activity and aconitase dysfunction suggest that frataxin may be involved in mitochondrial iron regulation. There is also evidence that oxidative stress contributes to cellular toxicity.

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33

Kumar, KV Arun, Virender S. Legha, Abir Sarkar, Pramod K. Chahar, Vinay N. Wadhwa, and Dinesh K Saini. "Esthetic Rehabilitation of an Orbital Defect Secondary to Surgical Management of Rhabdomyosarcoma." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 6, no. 2 (2017): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1165.

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ABSTRACT Rehabilitation of facial defects is an exigent task for the prosthodontist requiring an innovative design and technique for each patient. The disfigurement associated with the loss of an eye may result in significant physical and emotional problems. The placement of an artificial prosthesis serves a great psychological, social, and cosmetic benefit to the patient. The present article describes a straightforward technique for the fabrication of a silicone orbital prosthesis retained using spectacle in a patient who had undergone exenteration of the right eye due to rhabdomyosarcoma. How to cite this article Wadhwa VN, Kumar KVA, Legha VS, Saini DK, Chahar PK, Sarkar A. Esthetic Rehabilitation of an Orbital Defect Secondary to Surgical Management of Rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(2):108-110.

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34

Zide, Michael F., and Dan Topper. "Pivot point and secondary defect problems with rotation flaps." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 62, no. 9 (September 2004): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2003.12.031.

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35

Patel, Apurva, and Craig Kouba. "ACQUIRED VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT SECONDARY TO INFEROPOSTERIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 67, no. 13 (April 2016): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(16)31163-9.

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36

HOLDEN, C. A. "Atopic dermatitis: a defect of intracellular secondary messenger systems?" Clinical Experimental Allergy 20, no. 2 (March 1990): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02657.x.

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37

Dontaraju, Venkata S., Ian Loke, and John D. Skehan. "Cardioverter-defibrillator box damage secondary to lead insulation defect." EP Europace 9, no. 7 (May 15, 2007): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/eum057.

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38

Terui, Gen, Kaneyoshi Kaneko, Mamoru Miura, and Kohei Kawazoe. "Ventricular Septal Defect Secondary to Non-Penetrating Chest Trauma." Japanese Circulation Journal 61, no. 11 (1997): 951–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/jcj.61.951.

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39

Gurev, V. V., D. A. Zverev, D. A. Strelkov, and V. S. Kucherenko. "SECONDARY ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT IN ELDERY PATIENTS: PRACTICAL REVIW." Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical & Surgical Center 14, no. 3 (2019): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25881/bpnmsc.2019.37.36.021.

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40

Chen, Kai, Rabea Jamil Mahfoud, Yonghui Sun, Dongliang Nan, Kaike Wang, Hassan Haes Alhelou, and Pierluigi Siano. "Defect Texts Mining of Secondary Device in Smart Substation with GloVe and Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 4522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174522.

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In the process of the operation and maintenance of secondary devices in smart substation, a wealth of defect texts containing the state information of the equipment is generated. Aiming to overcome the low efficiency and low accuracy problems of artificial power text classification and mining, combined with the characteristics of power equipment defect texts, a defect texts mining method for a secondary device in a smart substation is proposed, which integrates global vectors for word representation (GloVe) method and attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM-Attention) method in one model. First, the characteristics of the defect texts are analyzed and preprocessed to improve the quality of the defect texts. Then, defect texts are segmented into words, and the words are mapped to the high-dimensional feature space based on the global vectors for word representation (GloVe) model to form distributed word vectors. Finally, a text classification model based on BiLSTM-Attention was proposed to classify the defect texts of a secondary device. Precision, Recall and F1-score are selected as evaluation indicators, and compared with traditional machine learning and deep learning models. The analysis of a case study shows that the BiLSTM-Attention model has better performance and can achieve the intelligent, accurate and efficient classification of secondary device defect texts. It can assist the operation and maintenance personnel to make scientific maintenance decisions on a secondary device and improve the level of intelligent management of equipment.

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41

Eviatar, Abraham, and David Myssiorek. "Repair of Nasal Septal Perforations with Tragal Cartilage and Perichondrium Grafts." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 100, no. 4 (April 1989): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988910000409.

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Indications for repair of nasal septum perforations include excessive crusting, recurrent bleeding, whistling, and pain. Large subtotal perforations usually are less symptomatic, but smaller defects (less than 1 cm) may need repair. Tragal cartilage with perichondrium autograft was used to repair these perforations. After the septal defect was debrided, this free graft was harvested and used to fill the defect. This technique was attempted in ten patients with septal perforations, none secondary to systemic Illnesses. Nine of these patients had successful closure of their perforations.

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42

Kropman, Daniel, Sergei Dolgov, Pavel Onufrijevs, and Edvins Dauksta. "Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Defect Structure of the Si-SiO₂ System." Solid State Phenomena 205-206 (October 2013): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.205-206.352.

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The effect of ultrasonic treatment (UST) on the defect structure of the Si–SiO2system is characterised by means of electron spin resonance (ESR), metallography, MOS capacitance measurements and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). A non-monotonous dependence of the defect densities on the ultrasonic wave intensity has been observed. The influence of the UST frequency on the ESR signal intensity of the defect centres depended on the defect’s type and structure and may be caused by vibrational energy dissipation which is a function of the defect centre’s type. The influence of the UST on the Si–SiO2interface properties depends on the oxide thickness and crystallographic orientation. The density of point defects and absorbed impurities at the Si–SiO2interface can be reduced and its electrical parameters improved by an appropriate choice of UST and oxidation conditions.

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43

Zhu, Ku Zhu, and Jian Hang Luo. "Research on Defects of Tunnel Portals during the Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1279.

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Through the site investigation of defects on a secondary highway tunnel portal in Guizhou Province and survey data, this paper aims to analyze the detection mechanism of all defects. Controlled by bias effect of tunnel portals, the defects of portal lining cracking and leakage are pretty serious. A fully understanding of these mechanisms can help to improve and fine design and construction of tunnel portal, reducing the production of defect.

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44

Pu, Qian Hui, and Hu Zhao. "Redistribution of Internal Force under Structural Defect and Non-Linear Spatial Stability under Live Load and Wind of Tied-Arch Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.640.

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To study the mechanical performance and stability of tied-arch bridge under structural defects and damages, limited element modal of Panzhihua Luoguo Jinshajiang Bridge was established and analyzed. Firstly, some typical damage models and their influence factors were presented. Then, based on the model established, change of suspender force caused by arch rib lineation defect, hanger lineation defect and boom failure was calculated respectively. The stability safety factor under the load group composed of dead load, live load and wind was calculated as well as the second-class nonlinear stability safety factor under structural initial defect. Calculation results shows that, suspender forces were more sensitive to archs vertical defect than to transverse defect. While, short hangers were more sensitive to lineation defect than long ones, and secondary inner force in short booms were bigger than in long ones. The result also tells that lateral wind is bad to lateral stability. Lift wind, somehow, makes positive contribution to structures in-plane stability. Structural initial defect can draw down the second-class stability safety factor under geometric nonlinear condition.

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45

Kumar, Manjit, Arvind Sharma, Sonali Razdan, and Dinesh Kumar. "Prosthetic Management Of Dentigerous Cyst – A Case Report." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 04, no. 01 (April 2016): 069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672049.

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AbstractMaxillomandibular defects may be the result of congenital malformations, trauma or surgical resection of tumors. The primary objective of rehabilitating these defects is to eliminate the disease by surgical resection and improve the qualityof life for these individuals. Rehabilitating patients with maxillofacial defects is one of the most challenging therapies of the stomatognathicsystem. Prosthetic reconstruction of these defects may be achieved with the help of varied prosthesis, removable and fixed. Thepresent case report describes a case of a large dentigerous cyst managed with a surgicalobturatorwhich allowed closure of the defect by secondary healing through granulation tissue maturation and associated bone fill. The obturator allowed decrease in size of defect and enhanced comfort and overall well-being of the patient till the complete filling of bone and till some permanent prosthesis is provided.

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46

Egilmez, Oguz Kadir, Fatih Mehmet Hanege, M. Tayyar Kalcioglu, Tuncay Kaner, and Numan Kokten. "Tegmen Tympani Defect and Brain Herniation Secondary to Mastoid Surgery: Case Presentation." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/756280.

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Brain herniation into the middle ear is very rarely seen. In addition to reasons like congenital factors, trauma, and infection, tegmen defect may develop as a result of iatrogenic events secondary to chronic otitis media surgery with or without cholesteatoma. Since it may cause life-threatening complications, patients must be evaluated and monitored for tegmen defect. In this paper, diagnosis and treatment of a brain herniation case due to iatrogenic tegmen defect were described along with relevant literature.

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47

Wang, Li. "Mechanical Performance and Spatial Stability under Live Load and Wind on Tied-Arch Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1238.

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Finite element model of the background tied-arch bridge was established and analyzed. Meanwhile, mechanical performance and stability of it under several kinds of simulate structural defects and damages were studied. Some typical damage and influence factors were presented in the beginning. Then, based on the finite element model, the distribution of suspender force corresponding to the simulated defects and failure was calculated respectively. At last, the first class stability safety factor under the combination load was calculated as well as the second class nonlinear stability safety factor under structural arch rib defect. Results of above calculation imply that, suspender forces gained a stronger sensitivity to vertical defect than to transverse defect. While, short suspenders were believed to be more sensitive to lineation defect than long ones according to calculation results. Additionally, secondary inner force of short suspenders was much more intensive than in long ones. The result also tells that lateral wind did bad to stability. Lift wind, contrarily, made a little positive contribution to structures in-plane stability. Simulated structural defects were supposed to aggravate the second class stability safety factor under geometric nonlinear condition.

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48

Oberoi, Snehlata, Radhika Chigurupati, Pawandeep Gill, William Y. Hoffman, and Karin Vargervik. "Volumetric Assessment of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 5 (September 2009): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/08-153.1.

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Objective: To assess the radiographic outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting in individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the University of California at San Francisco Center for Craniofacial Anomalies on 21 consecutive nonsyndromic complete cleft lip and palate individuals between 8 and 12 years of age who required alveolar bone grafting. Seventeen unilateral and four bilateral cleft lip and palate individuals had preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography scans that were analyzed using Amira 3.1.1 software. Results: The average volume of the preoperative alveolar cleft defect in unilateral cleft lip and palate was 0.61 cm3, and the combined average volume of the right and left alveolar cleft defects in bilateral cleft lip and palate was 0.82 cm3. The average percentage bone fill in both unilateral cleft lip and palate and bilateral cleft lip and palate was 84%. The outcome of alveolar bone grafting was assessed in relation to (1) type of cleft, (2) size of preoperative cleft defect, (3) presence or absence of lateral incisor, (4) root development stage of the maxillary canine on the cleft side, (5) timing, and (6) surgeon. None of these parameters significantly influenced the radiographic outcome of alveolar bone grafting. Conclusions: Secondary alveolar bone grafting of the cleft defect in our center was successful, based on radiographic outcome using cone beam computed tomography scans. Volume rendering using cone beam computed tomography and Amira software is a reproducible and practical method to assess the preoperative alveolar cleft volume and the adequacy of bone fill postoperatively.

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Sundseth, Jarle, and Jon Berg-Johnsen. "Prefabricated Patient-Matched Cranial Implants for Reconstruction of Large Skull Defects." Journal of Central Nervous System Disease 5 (January 2013): JCNSD.S11106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jcnsd.s11106.

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Cranial defects can be caused by injury, infection, or tumor invasion. Large defects should be reconstructed to protect the brain and normalize the cerebral hemodynamics. The conventional method is to cover the defect with bone cement. Custom-made implants designed for the individual patient are now available. We report our experience with one such product in patients with large cranial defects (>7.6 cm in diameter). A CT scan with 2 mm slices and a three-dimensional reconstruction were obtained from the patient. This information was dispatched to the company and used as a template to form the implant. The cranial implant was received within four weeks. From 2005 to 2010, custom-made cranial implants were used in 13 patients with large cranial defects. In 10 of the 13 patients, secondary deep infection was the cause of the cranial defect. All the implants fitted well or very well to the defect. No infections were seen after implantation; however, one patient was reoperated on for an epidural hematoma. A custom-made cranial implant is considerably more expensive than an implant made of bone cement, but ensures that the defect is optimally covered. The use of custom-made implants is straightforward and timesaving, and they provide an excellent medical and cosmetic result.

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SRIVASTAVA, SUDHA, and SHANKAR P. DAS. "TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF SECONDARY RELAXATION IN A SUPERCOOLED LIQUID." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 32 (December 30, 2001): 4199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007191.

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The dynamics of Lennard–Jones fluid is studied through extended mode coupling theory (MCT) with the inclusion of the slow mode of defect density. Inclusion of defect density facilitates the liquid like state for temperatures much lower than predicted from ideal MCT. In the present paper we consider the secondary relaxation over time scales long compared to microscopic time scales but shorter than the final relaxation. Particularly we study the temperature dependence and wave number dependence of the relaxation process.

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