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Статті в журналах з теми "Search of available parking places"
1
Purwanto, Heri, and Budi Prasetio. "Microcontroller Based Parking Lot Monitoring System Prototype." International Journal of Research and Applied Technology 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/injuratech.v2i1.6742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parking area is one of the facilities that must be available in specific or public places such as parks, recreation areas, malls, offices, business areas and agencies, and other places. Currently, the existing parking facilities generally do not provide information on the presence or absence of vacant parking spaces. This often causes problems in finding parking spaces, where vehicle users, especially four-wheeled vehicles (cars) will look for empty parking spaces by walking around so they can spend a lot of time. This study aims to create a parking lot monitoring system that is equipped with a microcontroller-based monitoring system so that vehicle users can find out how many parking spaces are available and where the parking lot is located. This parking monitoring system was developed using the prototyping method so that determining the need for the actual system is easier to realize. The test results of this device show that this prototype can provide information regarding the number of vacant parking lots and their locations. The impact of this research is that it can eliminate the accumulation of vehicles in front of the parking lot entrance, because vehicle users can easily and quickly find a parking location.
2
Tasseron, Geert, and Karel Martens. "The Impact of Bottom-Up Parking Information Provision in a Real-Life Context: The Case of Antwerp." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1812045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A number of studies have analyzed the possible impacts of bottom-up parking information or parking reservation systems on parking dynamics in abstract simulation environments. In this paper, we take these efforts one step further by investigating the impacts of these systems in a real-life context: the center of the city of Antwerp, Belgium. In our simulation, we assume that all on-street and off-street parking places are equipped with technology able to transmit their occupancy status to so-called smart cars, which can receive information and reserve a parking place. We employ PARKAGENT, an agent-based simulation model, to simulate the behavior of smart and regular cars. We obtain detailed data on parking demand from FEATHERS, an activity-based transport model. The simulation results show that parking information and reservation hardly impact search time but do reduce walking distance for smart cars, leading to a reduction in total parking time, that is, the sum of search time and walking time. Reductions in search time occur only in zones with high occupancy rates, while a drop in walking distance is especially observed in low occupancy areas. Societal benefits of parking information and reservation are limited, because of the low impact on search time and the possible negative health effects of reduced walking distance.
3
Sarker, Victor Kathan, Tuan Nguyen Gia, Imed Ben Dhaou, and Tomi Westerlund. "Smart Parking System with Dynamic Pricing, Edge-Cloud Computing and LoRa." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 4669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174669.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A rapidly growing number of vehicles in recent years cause long traffic jams and difficulty in the management of traffic in cities. One of the most significant reasons for increased traffic jams on the road is random parking in unauthorized and non-permitted places. In addition, managing of available parking places cannot achieve the expected reduction in traffic congestion related problems due to mismanagement, lack of real-time parking guidance to the drivers, and general ignorance. As the number of roads, highways and related resources has not increased significantly, a rising need for a smart, dynamic and effective parking solution is observed. Accordingly, with the use of multiple sensors, appropriate communication network and advanced processing capabilities of edge and cloud computing, a smart parking system can help manage parking effectively and make it easier for the vehicle owners. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer architecture for smart parking system consisting of multi-parametric parking slot sensor nodes, latest long-range low-power wireless communication technology and Edge-Cloud computation. The proposed system enables dynamic management of parking for large areas while providing useful information to the drivers about available parking locations and related services through near real-time monitoring of vehicles. Furthermore, we propose a dynamic pricing algorithm to yield maximum possible revenue for the parking authority and optimum parking slot availability for the drivers.
4
Yang, Jiing-Ru, and Shoou-Ren Hsiau. "On Markov-dependent parking problems." Journal of Applied Probability 41, no. 02 (June 2004): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200014522.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We drive a car along a street towards our destination and look for an available parking place without turning around. Each parking place is associated with a loss which decreases with the distance of the parking place from our destination. Assume that the states (empty or filled) of the parking places form a Markov chain. We want to find an optimal parking strategy to minimize the expected loss. A curious example is constructed and two sufficient conditions for the existence of the threshold-type optimal parking strategy are given.
5
Yang, Jiing-Ru, and Shoou-Ren Hsiau. "On Markov-dependent parking problems." Journal of Applied Probability 41, no. 2 (June 2004): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1082999088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We drive a car along a street towards our destination and look for an available parking place without turning around. Each parking place is associated with a loss which decreases with the distance of the parking place from our destination. Assume that the states (empty or filled) of the parking places form a Markov chain. We want to find an optimal parking strategy to minimize the expected loss. A curious example is constructed and two sufficient conditions for the existence of the threshold-type optimal parking strategy are given.
6
Tilahun, Surafel Luleseged, and Giovanna Di Marzo Serugendo. "Cooperative Multiagent System for Parking Availability Prediction Based on Time Varying Dynamic Markov Chains." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1760842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traffic congestion is one of the main issues in the study of transportation planning and management. It creates different problems including environmental pollution and health problem and incurs a cost which is increasing through years. One-third of this congestion is created by cars searching for parking places. Drivers may be aware that parking places are fully occupied but will drive around hoping that a parking place may become vacant. Opportunistic services, involving learning, predicting, and exploiting Internet of Things scenarios, are able to adapt to dynamic unforeseen situations and have the potential to ease parking search issues. Hence, in this paper, a cooperative dynamic prediction mechanism between multiple agents for parking space availability in the neighborhood, integrating foreseen and unforeseen events and adapting for long-term changes, is proposed. An agent in each parking place will use a dynamic and time varying Markov chain to predict the parking availability and these agents will communicate to produce the parking availability prediction in the whole neighborhood. Furthermore, a learning approach is proposed where the system can adapt to different changes in the parking demand including long-term changes. Simulation results, using synthesized data based on an actual parking lot data from a shopping mall in Geneva, show that the proposed model is promising based on the learning accuracy with service adaptation and performance in different cases.
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Saeliw, Aekarat, Watcharasuda Hualkasin, Supattra Puttinaovarat, and Kanit Khaimook. "Smart Car Parking Mobile Application based on RFID and IoT." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 13, no. 05 (May 21, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i05.10096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The common problem that is mostly found in urban area and the organizations service numbers of people such as government places, university, department store, and hospital, is the insufficient car parking. This problem is the result of the continuing increasing number of vehicle. Further, the car parking management is insufficient so the service users waste their time and fuel trying to look for the available parking. The objective of this research was to develop mobile application for smart car parking using Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Internet of Thing (IoT) which can detect the available parking lot so it is time saving for people. Moreover, the parking area management is more efficient as it minimizes the limitation of traditional system which the users have to access web application which is unable to automatically alert when the parking lot status has changed. Further, the data can be applied to the management and planning such as analyzing numbers of vehicle daily to compare with the parking lot if it is sufficient or not in order to improve and provide more parking space appropriately.
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Paidi, Vijay, Johan Håkansson, Hasan Fleyeh, and Roger G. Nyberg. "CO2 Emissions Induced by Vehicles Cruising for Empty Parking Spaces in an Open Parking Lot." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 3742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parking lots are places of high air pollution as numerous vehicles cruise to find vacant parking places. Open parking lots receive high vehicle traffic, and when limited empty spaces are available it leads to problems, such as congestion, pollution, and driver frustration. Due to lack of return on investment, open parking lots are little studied, and there is a research gap in understanding the magnitude of CO2 emissions and cruising observed at open parking lots. Thus, this paper aims to estimate CO2 emissions and cruising distances observed at an open parking lot. A thermal camera was utilized to collect videos during peak and non-peak hours. The resulting videos were utilized to collect cruising trajectories of drivers searching for empty parking spaces. These trajectories were analyzed to identify optimal and non-optimal cruising, time to park, and walking distances of drivers. A new CO2 model was proposed to estimate emissions in smaller geographical regions, such as open parking lots. The majority of drivers tend to choose parking spaces near a shopping center, and they prefer to cruise non-optimal distances to find an empty parking space near the shopping center. The observed mean non-optimal cruising distance is 2.7 times higher than the mean optimal cruising distance. Excess CO2 emissions and non-optimal cruising were mainly observed during visitor peak hours when there were limited or no empty parking spaces. During visitor peak hours, several vehicles could not find an empty parking space in the region of interest, which also leads to excess cruising.
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D. Trivedi, Janak, Sarada Devi Mandalapu, and Dhara H. Dave. "Real-time parking slot availability for Bhavnagar, using statistical block matching approach." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 6 (September 30, 2020): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-09-2019-0263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find a real-time parking location for a four-wheeler. Design/methodology/approach Real-time parking availability using specific infrastructure requires a high cost of installation and maintenance cost, which is not affordable to all urban cities. The authors present statistical block matching algorithm (SBMA) for real-time parking management in small-town cities such as Bhavnagar using an in-built surveillance CCTV system, which is not installed for parking application. In particular, data from a camera situated in a mall was used to detect the parking status of some specific parking places using a region of interest (ROI). The method proposed computes the mean value of the pixels inside the ROI using blocks of different sizes (8 × 10 and 20 × 35), and the values were compared among different frames. When the difference between frames is more significant than a threshold, the process generates “no parking space for that place.” Otherwise, the method yields “parking place available.” Then, this information is used to print a bounding box on the parking places with the color green/red to show the availability of the parking place. Findings The real-time feedback loop (car parking positions) helps the presented model and dynamically refines the parking strategy and parking position to the users. A whole-day experiment/validation is shown in this paper, where the evaluation of the method is performed using pattern recognition metrics for classification: precision, recall and F1 score. Originality/value The authors found real-time parking availability for Himalaya Mall situated in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, for 18th June 2018 video using the SBMA method with accountable computational time for finding parking slots. The limitations of the presented method with future implementation are discussed at the end of this paper.
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Atiqur, Rahman. "iPark: automated smart parking system." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i2.pp107-114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parking problems became ubiquitous and are growing at an alarming rate in every major city. It causes parking problems which cause a trafficjam, driver’s frustration, and pollution. One time we visit differentpublic places for example shopping center, multiplex movies hall & lodging house during carnivals or holidays, it makes the added parking difficult. Checking out a parking lot results in 40% to 50% of traffic jams. Due to this, car parking, in turn, causes the traffic issue. There are some problems associated with car parking like the way to control the amount of the car within the parking zone, monitoring the movement of the car in/outside of the parking zone, check whether there's an area inside for more cars or not and therefore the safety to park. This paper proposes an answer for these problems using the concept of the web of Things. iParkisa fully automated system that senses the entry and exit of a car, displays the entire number of cars parked within the parking zone on screen, and the way many free spaces are available within the parking lot.
Дисертації з теми "Search of available parking places"
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Левчук, Володимир Іванович. "Інформаційна система підтримки процесу автомобільних паркувань (комплексна тема). Загальна частина. Підсистема з керування кабінетом власника майданчиків автомобільних паркувань. Індивідуальна частина № 2". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Загальна частина (С. 1-96) та Індивідуальна частина № 2 (С. 97-188) комплексного дипломного проєкту на здобуття ступеня бакалавра на тему «Інформаційна система підтримки процесу автомобільних паркувань» (автори: Іщенко Владислав Сергійович, Левчук Володимир Іванович). Індивідуальна частина № 1: https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39092Загальна частина Структура та обсяг роботи. Пояснювальна записка дипломного проєкту складається з чотирьох розділів, містить 8 рисунків, 7 таблиць, 1 додаток, 7 джерел. Дипломний проєкт присвячений розробці інформаційної системи, метою якої є покращення процесу автомобільних паркувань – використання онлайн оплати, пошук найближчих парковок та ведення паркобізнесу через власний кабінет. У розділі «Загальні положення» було описано предметне середовище, процеси діяльності. Було визначено варіанти використання та функціональні вимоги до системи. Визначено основні аналоги даної системи та проведено порівняльний аналіз. Також, було визначено призначення, цілі і задачі розробки. У розділі «Інформаційне забезпечення» було визначено перелік вхідних та вихідних даних. Також, було описано структуру бази даних. У розділі «Програмне та технічне забезпечення» наведено перелік технічних засобів, які використовувались під час розробки, з описом кожного. Було висунуто вимоги до технічного забезпечення де буде розгортатися та запускатися програмний продукт. Також, описана архітектура система і наведено перелік діаграм для її графічного відображення. Технологічний розділ містить керівництво користувача для реєстрації та авторизації користувачів. Також, в цьому розділі описано процес проведення тестування системи. Індивідуальна частина № 2 Структура та обсяг роботи. Пояснювальна записка дипломного проєкту складається з трьох розділів, містить 31 рисунок, 10 таблиць, 1 додаток, 3 джерела. Індивідуальна частина № 2 присвячена розробці підсистеми керування кабінетом власника майданчиків автомобільних паркувань. У розділі «Математичне забезпечення» було сформульовано змістовну постановку задачі, визначено чітку математичну постановку задачі. Також обґрунтовано метод розв’язання задачі і детально описано її метод розв’язання. У розділі «Програмне та технічне забезпечення» було побудовано діаграми послідовності та станів, наведено специфікації функцій для серверної і клієнтської частини підсистеми. У технологічному розділі було розписано керівництво користувача. Було проведено випробування для перевірки відповідності функцій підсистеми вимогам технічного завдання.
The common part Structure and scope of work. Diploma project consists of four sections, contains 9 drawings, 7 tables, 1 application, 7 sources. The diploma project is devoted to the development of an information system for improvment of the process of car parking – using of online payment, a search of nearest parking and running the parking business via personal cabinet. In the section “General provision”, subject area and activity processes were described. Use cases and functional requirements of the system were defined. The main analogs of this system were found and a comparison was made. The purpose, goals, and tasks of development were also determined. In the section “Information provision”, input and output data were defined Also, structure of the database was described in scope of this section. In the section “Software and hardware”, a list of main tools that were using during the development is given with a description of each. Requirements have been defined for the hardware, where information system will be deployed and launched. The architecture of the system is described and a list of diagrams for it’s graphical display is given. The technology section contains the user’s manual for processes of registration and authorization. Also, this section describes the process of testing of the information system. The individual part 2 Structure and scope of work. The explanatory note to the diploma consists of three sections, contains 31 drawings, 10 tables, 1 application, 3 sources. Individual part №2 is dedicated to the development of the subsystem for managing the personal account of the parking’s owner. The "Software" section gives a meaningful statement and defines a clear mathematical statement of the task. The task solvation method has been determined and described in detail. The “Software and hardware” section shows the sequence and state diagrams, provides the function specifications for the server and client parts of the subsystem. The technology section describes the user manual. There was conducted a test to verify compliance of the subsystem functions with the requirements of the technical specifications.
2
Іщенко, Владислав Сергійович. "Інформаційна система підтримки процесу автомобільних паркувань (комплексна тема). Загальна частина. Підсистема з пошуку та бронювання паркомісць. Індивідуальна частина № 1". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Загальна частина (С. 1-96) та Індивідуальна частина № 1 (С. 97-202) комплексного дипломного проєкту на здобуття ступеня бакалавра на тему «Інформаційна система підтримки процесу автомобільних паркувань» (автори: Іщенко Владислав Сергійович, Левчук Володимир Іванович). Індивідуальна частина № 2: https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39093Загальна частина Структура та обсяг роботи. Пояснювальна записка дипломного проєкту складається з чотирьох розділів, містить 8 рисунків, 7 таблиць, 1 додаток, 7 джерел. Дипломний проєкт присвячений розробці інформаційної системи, метою якої є покращення процесу автомобільних паркувань – використання онлайн оплати, пошук найближчих парковок та ведення паркобізнесу через власний кабінет. У розділі «Загальні положення» було описано предметне середовище, процеси діяльності. Було визначено варіанти використання та функціональні вимоги до системи. Визначено основні аналоги даної системи та проведено порівняльний аналіз. Також, було визначено призначення, цілі і задачі розробки. У розділі «Інформаційне забезпечення» було визначено перелік вхідних та вихідних даних. також, було описано структуру бази даних. У розділі «Програмне та технічне забезпечення» наведено перелік технічних засобів, які використовувались під час розробки, з описом кожного. Було висунуто вимоги до технічного забезпечення де буде розгортатися та запускатися програмний продукт. Також, описана архітектура система і наведено перелік діаграм для її графічного відображення. Технологічний розділ містить керівництво користувача для реєстрації та авторизації користувачів. Також, в цьому розділі описано процес проведення тестування системи.. Індивідуальна частина № 1 Структура та обсяг роботи. Пояснювальна записка індивідуальної частини № 1 складається з трьох розділів, містить 26 рисунків, 49 таблиць, 1 додаток, 3 джерела. Індивідуальна частина № 1 присвячена розробці підсистеми для здійснення пошуку вільних паркомісць та їх подальшого бронювання клієнтом. У розділі «Математичне забезпечення» було наведено змістову та математичну постановки задачі. Було обґрунтовано методи розв’язання задачі і наведено детальний опис кожного. У розділі «Програмне та технічне забезпечення» побудовано діаграми послідовності та станів. Було наведено специфікацію функцій для серверної та клієнтської частин підсистеми. Технологічний розділ містить керівництво користувача для виконання пошуку паркомісць, їхнього бронювання та роботи з власним кабінетом. Також, даний розділ містить результати випробування підсистеми.
The common part Structure and scope of work. Diploma project consists of four sections, contains 9 drawings, 7 tables, 1 application, 7 sources. The diploma project is devoted to the development of an information system for improvment of the process of car parking – using of online payment, a search of nearest parking and running the parking business via personal cabinet. In the section “General provision”, subject area and activity processes were described. Use cases and functional requirements of the system were defined. The main analogs of this system were found and a comparison was made. The purpose, goals, and tasks of development were also determined. In the section “Information provision”, input and output data were defined. Also, structure of the database was described in scope of this section. In the section “Software and hardware”, a list of main tools that were using during the development is given with a description of each. Requirements have been defined for the hardware, where information system will be deployed and launched. The architecture of the system is described and a list of diagrams for it’s graphical display is given. The technology section contains the user’s manual for processes of registration and authorization. Also, this section describes the process of testing of the information system. The individual part 1 Structure and scope of work. Explanatory note of the individual part №1 consists of three sections, contains 26 drawings, 49 tables, 1 application, 3 sources. The individual part №1 is devoted to the development of search and booking of available parking places subsystem. In the section “Mathematical support”, the semantic and mathematical formulation of the problem were described. Methods of solving the problem were substantiated and each one was described in details. In the section “Software and hardware”, sequence and statechart diagrams were made. The specification of functions for server and client parts of the subsystem was given. The technology section contains the user’s manual for searching of parking places, booking them, and working with your own cabinet. Also, this section contains result of testing of the subsystem.
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Mladenovic, Marko. "Le problème d'affectation de places de stationnement dynamique : solutions pratiques et théoriques." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse s’intéresse à la problématique du stationnement en milieu urbain, en particulier en période de forte affluence. Un des objectifs principaux est l’exploration de méthodes issues de la recherche opérationnelle pour apporter des solutions pratiques via la programmation mathématique et les heuristiques. Nous considérons dans un premier temps une version simplifiée, statique du problème, dans laquelle l’ensemble des données nécessaires est fixé et déterministe sur un horizon d’une journée. Un modèle en variables 0-1, dérivé du problème d’affectation généralisée est proposé et testé sur un ensemble d’instances généré aléatoirement. Des extensions qui incluent des fonctions objectives différentes et d’autres modes de transport sont aussi examinées. De plus, nous avons proposé une heuristique basée sur la recherche à voisinage variable pour obtenir rapidement une solution de qualité satisfaisante. La nature dynamique du problème nous a conduit à adapter ce modèle de façon à pouvoir prendre en compte les mises à jour continues des données. Nous avons ainsi proposé et évalué plusieurs politiques et scénarios, avec l’ambition d’obtenir un système qui soit le plus adaptatif et robuste possible. Le système proposé doit pouvoir guider les utilisateurs vers une place qui leur est affectée lorsque cela est possible, ou à défaut vers leur destination. Notre approche est validée via un ensemble de simulations réalisées à partir de données réelles collectées depuis trois grandes villes européennesThis thesis focuses on the problem of urban parking, especially in peak traffic hours. One of the main objectives is to explore the solution methods from operational research perspective and to provide practical solutions throug h mathematical programming and heuristics. We first consider a simplified, static version of the problem in which all the necessary data is fixed and deterministic over a one-day planning horizon. A 01 programming model derived from the generalized assignment problem is proposed and tested on a randomly generated set of instances. Extensions that include different objective functions and other modes of transport are also examined. In addition, we proposed a heuristic based on variable neighborhood search to quickly obtain a good quality solutions. The dynamic nature of the problem has led us to adapt this model so that it can take into account the continuous data updates. We have proposed and evaluated several policies and scenarios, with the goal of developing a system that is as adaptive and robust as possible. The proposed system should be able to guide users to a parking lot assigned to them when possible, or to their destination when their is no parking slot available. Our approach is corroborated via simulation over a set of real data collected from three major European cities
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Dugge, Birgit. "Ein simultanes Erzeugungs-, Verteilungs-, Aufteilungs- und Routenwahlmodell." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1162994071370-87705.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In dieser Arbeit wird ein simultanes Quell-, Ziel-, Verkehrsmittel- und Routenwahlmodell (Modell EVA-U) entwickelt, welches ein stochastisches Nutzergleichgewicht erreicht. Die Routenwahlmodelle der Verkehrsarten sind nicht mehr Teil der Umlegungsalgorithmen, sondern in das Nachfragemodell integriert. Dadurch ist eine konsistente Bewertung aller Alternativen (der Verkehrsarten) möglich. Das Simultanmodell EVA-U stellt eine Weiterentwicklung des Simultanmodells EVA von LOHSE dar. Das EVA-U-Modell ist den universalen Logit-Modellen zuzuordnen. Die Randsummenbedingungen der Verkehrsverteilung werden beachtet. Die Bewertung der Alternativen erfolgt mittels Generalisierter Kosten. Die Abhängigkeit von Routen wird berücksichtigt, ebenso die Tagesganglinie der Verkehrsnachfrage und die Fahrpläne des ÖV-Systems. Das Modell EVA-U erlaubt auch die Berücksichtigung von Routen intermodaler Verkehrsarten (z.B. P+R). Darüber hinaus ist die Integration eines Modells des ruhenden Verkehrs möglichIn this thesis a simultaneous Trip Generation-, Distribution-, Modal-Split and Route Choice Model (modell EVA-U) is elaborated. The model tends to reach a stochastic user equilibrium. The route choice algorithms are not longer part of an assignment procedure but part of the demand model. A consistent assessment of properties of all transport systems is possible. The simultaneous model EVA-U is an advancement of the EVA-Model by Lohse. The model EVA-U is to be assigned to the generalised logit-models. All matrix constrains are taken into account. The assessment is effected by generalised costs. The dependence of routes is taken into account. Moreover, the integration of day time and the schedules of private transport lines is possible. Furthermore, it is possible to integrate a model of parked cars and circuits of inter-modal traffic forms (park and ride) in the Model EVA-U
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Dugge, Birgit. "Ein simultanes Erzeugungs-, Verteilungs-, Aufteilungs- und Routenwahlmodell." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24840.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In dieser Arbeit wird ein simultanes Quell-, Ziel-, Verkehrsmittel- und Routenwahlmodell (Modell EVA-U) entwickelt, welches ein stochastisches Nutzergleichgewicht erreicht. Die Routenwahlmodelle der Verkehrsarten sind nicht mehr Teil der Umlegungsalgorithmen, sondern in das Nachfragemodell integriert. Dadurch ist eine konsistente Bewertung aller Alternativen (der Verkehrsarten) möglich. Das Simultanmodell EVA-U stellt eine Weiterentwicklung des Simultanmodells EVA von LOHSE dar. Das EVA-U-Modell ist den universalen Logit-Modellen zuzuordnen. Die Randsummenbedingungen der Verkehrsverteilung werden beachtet. Die Bewertung der Alternativen erfolgt mittels Generalisierter Kosten. Die Abhängigkeit von Routen wird berücksichtigt, ebenso die Tagesganglinie der Verkehrsnachfrage und die Fahrpläne des ÖV-Systems. Das Modell EVA-U erlaubt auch die Berücksichtigung von Routen intermodaler Verkehrsarten (z.B. P+R). Darüber hinaus ist die Integration eines Modells des ruhenden Verkehrs möglich.In this thesis a simultaneous Trip Generation-, Distribution-, Modal-Split and Route Choice Model (modell EVA-U) is elaborated. The model tends to reach a stochastic user equilibrium. The route choice algorithms are not longer part of an assignment procedure but part of the demand model. A consistent assessment of properties of all transport systems is possible. The simultaneous model EVA-U is an advancement of the EVA-Model by Lohse. The model EVA-U is to be assigned to the generalised logit-models. All matrix constrains are taken into account. The assessment is effected by generalised costs. The dependence of routes is taken into account. Moreover, the integration of day time and the schedules of private transport lines is possible. Furthermore, it is possible to integrate a model of parked cars and circuits of inter-modal traffic forms (park and ride) in the Model EVA-U.
Частини книг з теми "Search of available parking places"
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Ceylan, Huseyin, Ozgur Baskan, Cenk Ozan, and Gorkem Gulhan. "Determining On-Street Parking Places in Urban Road Networks Using Meta-Heuristic Harmony Search Algorithm." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 163–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04630-3_13.
Повний текст джерела
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Das, Amardeep, Prasant Kumar Dash, and Brojo Kishore Mishra. "An Intelligent Parking System in Smart Cities Using IoT." In Exploring the Convergence of Big Data and the Internet of Things, 155–80. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2947-7.ch012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Smart City is the product of accelerated development of the new generation information technology and knowledge-based economy, based on the network combination of the Internet, telecommunications network, broadcast network, wireless broadband network and other sensors networks where Internet of Things technology (IoT) as its core. Traffic congestion caused by vehicle is an alarming problem at a global scale and it has been growing exponentially. Searching for a parking space is a routine (and often frustrating) activity for many people in cities around the world. This search burns about one million barrels of the world's oil every day. A smart Parking system typically obtains information about available parking spaces in a particular geographic area and process is real-time to place vehicles at available positions. In our proposed chapter, we will be discussing the advanced features of IoT in order to development an intelligent parking management system in a smart city i.e. called as Smart Parking system.
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Guida, Michael. "The rambler’s search for the sensuous." In Listening to British Nature, 93–117. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190085537.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
By examining the habits and experiences of walking in the countryside, moors, and mountains a deeply sensual public connection to nature is found in this chapter. Listening is part of this, but so too are touching and other sensory encounters. While rambling on one hand was an escape from the trials of urban and working life, it is argued that the weekend excursions that so many Britons participated in are better thought of as an exchange and balancing out of different sensations available in different places. Having said that, it was encounters with heather, streams, and rock formations that set the pulse racing. Rambling was by no means simply a search for peace and quiet, or for hilltop contemplation, rather walkers relished the accentuation of body rhythms and the stimulation that came from direct interaction with the natural environment.
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Loureiro, Ana, and Inês Messias. "Competences and Learning Profiles of Digital Age's Students." In Handbook of Research on Engaging Digital Natives in Higher Education Settings, 171–91. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0039-1.ch008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the connected world we live in today, people no longer look for information only in formal places. Internet has become a place of choice to gather information. Social networks have grown from places for socialization to platforms where knowledge is created and shared, where connectivity and collaboration are natural. Many people look at the web as a place for learning, using it to create a network which allows them to gather, select, share, reshape ideas and create knowledge to then replicate on social networks. Students' learning profile is becoming more proactive in the search for information and constructing valid knowledge. The demands of the information age raise the necessity of students to acquire different skills and competences – 21st century skills. This chapter aims to present the different students' learning profiles and the type of learning environments available online.
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"Water and Land Pollution." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water covers 70% of the earth’s surface. Only 3% of this is freshwater, which is indispensable in sustaining plant and animal life. The amount of freshwater is maintained constant by the hydrological cycle. This cycle involves evaporation from oceans and inland waters, transpiration from plants, precipitation, infiltration into the soil, and runoff of surface water into lakes and rivers. The infiltrated water is used for plant growth and recharges groundwater reserves. Although the global supply of available freshwater is sufficient to maintain life, the worldwide distribution of freshwater is not even. In some areas the supply is limited because of climatic conditions or cannot meet the demands of high population density. In other places, although there is no shortage of freshwater, the water supply is contaminated with industrial chemicals and is thus unfit for human use. Moreover, fish and other aquatic species living in chemically contaminated water become unfit for human consumption. Thus, water pollution deprives us and other species of two essential ingredients for survival: water and food. An example of hydrologic changes caused by urbanization is given in Figure 11.1. Conditions before and after urbanization were measured in Ontario, Canada, by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1). In the urban setting, pervious areas are replaced with impervious ones (such as streets, parking lots, and shopping centers). Groundwater replenishment is greatly reduced and runoff is considerably increased by these changes. Thus, urbanization not only contributes to water pollution; it also increases the possibility of floods. Nitrogen is an important element for sustenance of life. However, in order to be incorporated into living matter it has to be converted into an assimilative form—an oxide or ammonia. Until the beginning of the twentieth century most of the atmospheric nitrogen was converted into assimilative form by soil microorganisms and by lightning. Nitrogen compounds which were not utilized by living matter did not accumulate because the denitrifying bacteria decomposed them to elemental nitrogen which was then released back into the atmosphere. In this way the nitrogen cycle was completed.
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Xie, Iris. "Interactive IR in Digital Library Environments." In Interactive Information Retrieval in Digital Environments, 116–52. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-240-4.ch005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For centuries, people have been used to printed materials. The emergence of the Internet brings dramatic changes to millions of people in terms of how they collect, organize, disseminate, access, and use information. Researchers (Chowdhury & Chowdhury, 2003; Lesk, 2005; Witten & Bainbridge, 2003) have identified the following factors that contributed to the birth of digital libraries: 1. Vannevar Bush’s pioneering concept and idea of Memex. Vannevar Bush (1945) wrote a classic article, “As We May Think,” which has had a major impact on the emergence of digital libraries. In the article, he described his Memex device, which was able to organize books, journals, and notes in different places by linked association. This associative linking was similar to what is known today as hypertext. 2. The advancement in computer and communication/network technology. The computer was first used to manage information. In the 1960s, the emergence of remote online information search services changed the way people access and search information. By the 1980s, people could remotely and locally access library catalogues via Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs). The invention of the CD-ROM made it easy and cheap for users to access electronic information. Most importantly, Web technology started in 1990, and the occurrence of Web browsers afterwards have enabled users to access digital information anywhere as long as there is an Internet connection. Web search engines offer an opportunity for millions of people to search full-text documents on the Web. 3. The development of libraries and library access. Since the creation of Alexandrian library around 300 B.C., the size and number of libraries have grown phenomenally. A library catalogue goes from a card catalogue to three generations of online public access catalogues started in the 1980s. Library materials include mainly printed resources to multimedia collections, such as images, videos, sound files, and so forth. Simultaneously, the information explosion in the digital age makes it impossible for libraries to collect all of the available materials.
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Buehrer, Daniel J. "Organizing Multimedia Objects Using a Class Algebra Database." In Distributed Multimedia Databases, 318–26. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-29-7.ch020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter considers the question of how to locate appropriate multimedia objects. The traditional use of Web search engines is limited by the fact that there are as of yet no standard XML tags describing the many various types of multimedia objects. The users would much prefer to choose from menus, especially from a classification hierarchy where subclasses are all listed. Traditional SQL relational databases are generally not flexible enough to permit dynamic addition of attribute/value pairs to describe these multimedia objects, and to display the resulting schema. The solution suggested in this chapter is the sharing of class and binary relation definitions, including the binary superclass/subclass relation of the IS-A classification hierarchy of object-oriented technology. This object-oriented database implementation is based on class algebra. Similar users can see each other’s objects, classes, and relations, and add their own objects into appropriate places in both the class hierarchy and the binary relations. The binary relations look like subdirectories, and the available binary relations and methods can be chosen from a menu. The distributed database system, therefore, looks like a typical network operating system, and it is expected that average users may be able to make database queries and updates without any need of programmers.
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Mikulowski, Dariusz, Marek Pilski, and Grzegorz Terlikowski. "An Approach for Discovering Space by the Blind using an Ontology-based Map and Data from Existing Open Maps." In New Frontiers in Communication and Intelligent Systems, 207–14. Soft Computing Research Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/978-81-95502-00-4-23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, navigation with efficient quality to an unknown place is often performed by everyone. To go forward with this, we usually reach for one of the Internet maps, enter data about the scheduled trip and search for a new route. The visually impaired individuals VI have an even greater need to take advantage of this activity because, while walking independently, they have to find their destination and follow the previously developed route avoiding dangerous places without loosing a proper way. However, despite many publicly available online mapping services, they have great difficulties with this issue. For this reason, the journey becomes much stressful and unsafe for them. Unfortunately, the information acquired from various dedicated GPS-based mobile applications is usually insufficient for this purpose. VI needs a more detailed description of an environment that contains information about different objects, i.e., pedestrian crossings, entrances to buildings or bus stops and relationships between them. To enable this detailed exploration, we propose a method that assigns a new route, describes it with the ontological object map and assigns 3-D binaural sound patterns to them. For this purpose, we use dedicated domain ontology. Apart from the attributes such as coordinates and size, each object has the appropriate physical location and other properties described as semantic data. These conditions are expressed as corresponding relationships, i.e., being a neighbour or being on. Such sets of objects are also described using three-dimensional binaural sound scenes. They are linked to ontology using a special relationship called "Has-Sound-Scene". Our concept has been implemented as a simple application that uses ontology, data downloaded from the Open Street Map and audio samples recorded with the binaural sound method. It has a mechanism for determining routes and assigning sound signals to them. The application was tested by two VI users and has received positive opinions.
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Bonner, Thomas Neville. "The Clinical Impulse and the National Response, 1780-1830." In Becoming a Physician. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062984.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the previous chapters have suggested, striking changes in medical education had occurred by 1800 in nearly every Western country. In particular, the movement toward practical training in medical teaching had gathered momentum toward the end of the eighteenth century. Not only in Vienna, Paris, Edinburgh, and Leyden but also in scores of universities, hospitals, military schools, dispensaries, lying-in clinics, and private courses spread across Europe and North America, students were finding new opportunities to practice dissection; see patients at the bedside; take case histories; practice surgical, obstetrical, and other procedures; and even diagnose and treat patients under a teacher’s supervision. It is this sea change in attitudes toward practical training that we explore in this chapter. Spurred by Enlightenment concerns for public health and utilitarian concepts of practical training, new clinical experiences were becoming available in many places. Although in some countries, notably France and Germany, the state played a decisive role in fostering the new development, in others, especially Britain and America, students were left largely on their own to gather practical experience, choosing from a variety of lecture-demonstration courses, hospital training, apprenticeship opportunities, experience in outpatient dispensaries, and private classes. National differences in social and political development channeled the strong pressures for utilitarian education into new forms of clinical training. Differing concepts of what constituted a “teaching clinic” came to exist side by side, especially in Europe. In unsettled France, the clinical impulse, which had early centered on surgical practice in urban hospitals and was now promoted by an all-powerful revolutionary government, found its primary outlet in large hospitals. In the German states, on the other hand, politically divided and lacking large hospitals in most university towns, clinics developed largely as small appendages to university programs in medicine. British clinical training, as described in earlier chapters, was centered haphazardly in the London hospitals away from the nation’s universities and was growing also in provincial hospitals and dispensaries. In North America, the search for clinical experience was spread over a great variety of small infirmaries, dispensaries, and private courses, and apprenticeship training remained the dominant mode of getting hands-on practice.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Search of available parking places"
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Tenorio, Gabriela de Souza. "Better places for a liveable-and lively- city. A method of Post-Occupancy Evaluation of public spaces." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pgpu3582.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public spaces that attract and retain diverse people are crucial to foster urbanity and tolerance, and build stronger and livelier communities, especially in big cities. The simple coexistence of similarities and differences in public spaces can, to say the least, validate our own essence and offer us a possibility of growth. Sharing the same space with other people – even without interacting with them – favors social learning. Theory suggests that thought, feeling and behavior can be altered by observation. The search for public spaces that make urbanity viable is desirable in any society (especially in more unequal societies, as one can find in developing countries). However, inspired by ideas built on the critique of great urban agglomerations after the Industrial Revolution, cities around the world have undergone transformations that did exactly the opposite. As a series of lifeless places began to emerge, several researchers tried to figure out why this was happening. These researchers found that just wanting to create a lively place was not enough. It was necessary to scrutinize the behavior of people in public spaces in order to understand the relationship between their configuration and use. The knowledge they have built has been largely responsible for the increasing concern with public spaces and their relation to public life since the 1960s. Cities around the world are realizing that empty places could be full of people, and that not only a place full of people is something positive, but an empty place is not. They are learning to see underused public spaces as social, cultural, environmental, and financial waste. However, even with so much information available, it is still possible to find, in any contemporary city, public spaces that fail to support public life. Frequently, little or nothing is done to make them safer or more attractive, diverse and pleasant. It is even more worrying to realize that such places continue to be created. This is the focus of this paper. It brings together available knowledge and experiences in the area of public space design. It also complements, structures and translates such experiences and knowledge into a Public Space Post-Occupancy Evaluation Method, which stresses the importance of observing people and their activities. As a result, one can better understand, observe, assess and, thus, manipulate the main attributes of a public space that may influence its capacity to attract and retain diverse people on a daily basis. The method is offered as a tool to support those who deal with public spaces at different levels – from academic studies to municipal management. It has been used in Brasilia, Brazil, for the past 7 years, with positive results in governmental decision-making processes. A case study is briefly presented to illustrate its use.
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Schmoll, Sebastian, and Matthias Schubert. "Dynamic Resource Routing using Real-Time Dynamic Programming." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Acquiring available resources in stochastic environments becomes more and more important to future mobility. For instance, cities like Melbourne, Canberra and San Francisco install sensors that detect in real-time whether a parking spot (resource) is available or not. In such environments, the current state of the resources may be fully observable, although the future development is stochastic. In order to reduce the traffic, such cities want to fully exploit parking spots, such that the amount of searching cars is minimized. Thus, we formulate a problem setting where the expected seek time for each driver is minimized. This problem can be modeled by a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and solved using standard algorithms. In this paper, we focus on the setting, where pre-computation is not possible and search policies have to be computed on the fly. Our approach is based on state-of-the-art Real-Time Dynamic Programming (RTDP) approaches. However, standard RTDP approaches do not perform well on this specific problem setting as shown in our experiments. We introduce adapted bounds and approximations that exploit the specific nature of the problem in order to improve the performance significantly.
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Indrasari, Fenita. "Exploring automobile dependency of housing estate residents and kampung dwellers in suburban Bandung, Indonesia." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/kkek5453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Housing and transportation has become a pair of factors when it comes to decision of buying a house for the middle-income. This particular group of society is unique as they are aspired to luxury yet with limited affordability, particularly in the developing countries such as Indonesia. In many cases, housing estates are built in the form similar to gated community. Built in the suburban when usually the new housing estates are located quite in far distance to facilities, the residents are forced to own private vehicle(s) to conduct their daily activities. This situation shows the tendency of automobile dependence (Newman & Kenworthy, 1996; 1999). It has also been reflected in the vehicle ownership statistics figures and the notorious traffic congestion of Indonesian cities. The middle-income housing and their gated community has not only impacted their own travel pattern but also the residents living in kampung adjacent to their housing estate. Kampung dwellers have also reflected the middle-income characteristics with their lifestyle and automobile dependence. It has become eminent in suburban Bandung where pockets of kampung are found to be hidden amidst the housing estates whilst cars are parked on the roadsides. This is problematic in terms of affordability where they cannot really afford to own a car or motorbike as well as to rent a parking space since they usually live in small houses at kampung. To understand the above phenomenon, this paper tries to explore the extent of automobile dependency of the residents living at housing estate and its adjacent kampung at three locations. Data collected from questionnaires and group interviews are descriptively analysed. Results have shown that most residents travel in far distance to reach their job location but do not travel in far distance to conduct their shopping, studying, and exercise activities though some of them own a motorbike. The latter is due to the presence of mobile green grocers, warung, traditional markets, good quality schools, sport facilities and open spaces within walking distance to their houses. However, these nearby facilities are regularly visited mostly because the residents can travel within shorter distance through access points made available for public use. These access points help to create a network of alleys and streets connecting kampung and these facilities through the housing estates. When these access points are restricted or non-existed, the travel pattern would differ as has been uttered by the kampung dwellers. In one of the cases, the following disconnections between the kampung alleys and streets of housing estates have made the kampung dwellers altered either the location or the transportation mode of their activities. There are lessons to be learned from these travel patterns. Housing estate development shall always have access to the kampung that have existed and vice versa. Such spatial connections may contribute to a change of travel behaviour from automobile dependence to active travel. However, it should be kept in mind that these results may not be generally applicable to other places with different socio-economic and spatial characters. Further work in the field may be benefited from more cases and larger population sample.