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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Seals of compressors"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Seals of compressors"

1

Kirk, R. Gordon, and S. K. Baheti. "Evaluation of Floating Ring Seals for Centrifugal Compressors Using the Finite Element Method." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 121, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893940.

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The use of liquid ring type oil seals in centrifugal compressors was essential for high pressure applications dating back to the early 1960’s. The analysis of high pressure oil seals was first documented in the literature in the mid-1970’s following a series of compressor instability problems that made it clear that a better understanding of how seals influence the overall rotor stability was necessary. To produce compressor designs at higher speeds requires that an adequate method of predicting the oil seal influence on rotor dynamic stability be available for the designer. With the enhanced capability of personal computers and improved finite element models of the oil film thermal and hydrodynamic solutions, it is now possible to more accurately predict the dynamic characteristics of the oil seals. This paper presents a series of predicted results from a currently available advanced state of the art computer analysis for high pressure oil seals. The evaluation of several high pressure compressor seal designs illustrates the current capability for analytical predictions for various seal bore geometries. Conclusions and recommendations for the design of liquid ring seals are presented, which can give the compressor designer guidance for application to future high performance compressor liquid seal designs.
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2

Raswin, Nuradi Bin. "Analisis Pengujian Dry Gas Seal Type 28AT Tandem untuk Meningkatkan Reliability Dry Gas Seal di Kompresor Setrifugal." SINTEK JURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/sintek.13.2.73-79.

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Dry gas seal testing is one of the stages in the repair and maintenance of dry gas seals because without testing dry gas seals will have fatal consequences, which can cause more severe damage to the compressor and repair of humans and the environment. In the operation and maintenance of centrifugal compressors, especially gas compressors, there is often damage to dry gas seals or even if they are not damaged dry gas seals must be kept in a health check so that they can be used optimally and their reliability can be improved. In conducting a health check or repairing dry gas seal, one of the determinants of success is through static and dynamic testing using the DGS test rig or the other. Therefore it is very important in testing this dry gas seal that the author tries to learn how to complete the tests that must be considered in the testing procedure. In this study it can be concluded that the maximum speed used reaches 11429 rpm, when compared to the procedure is 1 - 1,225 x rpm in the compressor then the rotation obtained according to the procedure is (1,225 x 10000 = 12250 rpm maximum), with conditions 11429 rpm already fulfilling standard and is still within tolerance of testing rounds.
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3

Wang, Wei Min, and Wei Zheng An. "Investigation on the Subsynchronous Vibration Fault Diagnosis and Control for Centrifugal Compressor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1488.

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Centrifugal compressors are widely used to compressor gas in many different processes within the petroleum and chemical industry. Two vibration types of concern in industrial compressors are synchronous and subsynchronous vibration. The latter, more troubling type of vibration, occurs when non-conservative whirling forces(Cross-coupling) act to excite a lateral natural frequency, which lies below the running speed(subsynchronous vibration). In this paper, more attention is paid to impellers from a rotordynamic standpoint and a synthesis gas compress in ammonia plant is analyzed in order to diagnosis the root cause of vibration fault using the best available resources for seals and bearing. Logarithmic decrement predictions for the full rotor model consisting of all the stages and seals are conducted under different bearing structure. On this basis, a resolvent to improve the rotordynamic stability is presented. The field application result indicates that this method is effective.
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4

Gelin, A., J. M. Pugnet, D. Bolusset, and P. Friez. "Experience in Full-Load Testing of Natural Gas Centrifugal Compressors for Rotordynamics Improvements." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 934–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817077.

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During full-load shop tests under natural gas, two multistage centrifugal compressors exhibited subsynchronous vibrations. Both of them are low-flow, high-pressure, high rotational speed compressors, and are fitted with tilting pad bearings and dry gas seals. A rotating stall problem was first eliminated by a modification of the diffuser geometry. Then, aerodynamic excitations caused the rotors to operate at their stability limit, and high vibration levels were observed at the first natural frequency. A complete rotordynamics analysis was performed in order to model precisely all the fluid–structure interactions. Modifications of the rotor designs were implemented, consisting in optimizing conveniently the bearing pads, replacing the toothed labyrinth seals of the balance pistons by damping honeycomb seals, fitting them with improved shunt hole systems. In addition, the dry gas seals were found to have been damaged, due to thermal effects, and further modifications were implemented to eliminate this problem. Final full load tests demonstrated a satisfactory behavior of both centrifugal compressors.
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5

Sadovskiy, Nikolai, Leonid Strizhak, Anatoliy Simonov, and Mikhail Sokolov. "Some problem of centrifugal compressors upgrading." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824509004.

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Анотація:
The results of computational investigation of the influence of a gas labyrinth seals, oil end seals with floating rings and oil journal bearings lubricating layer stiffness coefficient on centrifugal compressor rotor critical speed are presented and analysed. The main principles of a method for axial forces acting on centrifugal compressor rotor calculation are listed. The method has been developed at the compressor, vacuum and refrigeration technologies department of SPbSTU. In addition, the estimation of method applicability in engineering calculations is given.
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6

Petrovskii, B. S., B. I. Nazarevich, and I. T. Yarema. "Plastic seals of rotor of centrifugal compressors." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 23, no. 12 (December 1987): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01147526.

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7

Soto, E. A., and D. W. Childs. "Experimental Rotordynamic Coefficient Results for (a) a Labyrinth Seal With and Without Shunt Injection and (b) a Honeycomb Seal." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816303.

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Centrifugal compressors are increasingly required to operate at higher pressures, speeds, and fluid density. In these conditions, compressors are susceptible to rotordynamic instabilities. To remedy this situation, labyrinth seals have sometimes been modified by using shunt injection. In shunt injection, the gas is taken from the diffuser or discharge volute and injected into an upstream chamber of the balance-piston labyrinth seal. The injection direction can be radial or against rotation. This study contains the first measured rotordynamic data for labyrinth seals with shunt injection. A comparison has been made between conventional labyrinth seals, labyrinth seals with shunt injection (radial and against rotation), and a honeycomb seal. Labyrinth seals with injection against rotation are better able to control rotordynamic instabilities than labyrinth seals with radial injection; however, the leakage is slightly higher. The leakage comparison for all seals demonstrates that the honeycomb seal has the best flow control. Test data are presented for a top rotor surface velocity of 110 m/sec, a supply pressure of 13.7 bars, and IPr = 0.95 (injection pressure is 1.05 = 1/0.95 times the seal inlet pressure). For these conditions, and considering effective damping, the labyrinth seal with injection against rotation is better than the honeycomb seal when the pressure ratio across the seal PR < 0.45. On the other hand, the honeycomb seal is better when PR > 0.45. The effectiveness of the shunt-injection against rotation in developing effective damping is reduced with increasing rotor surface velocity.
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8

Shevchenko, Serhii. "ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF GAP SEALS ON THE DYNAMICS OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES." ScienceRise, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2020.001485.

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The object of research: the influence of the design features of special gap seals on the dynamic characteristics of centrifugal machines. Investigated problem: harmonization of the consumption and dynamic characteristics of the seals of the rotors of high-speed machines by applying special design methods. Main scientific results: The mechanism and operating conditions of seals with floating rings are described. It is determined that the most effective from the point of view of dynamic characteristics is the variant of the semi-movable ring. Expressions for determining the conditions of angular and radial immobility of a floating ring are obtained. The design options for deformable gap seals, including deformable floating rings, deformable interwheel seals and seals with an axially movable deformable sleeve, have been investigated. The scope of their application for unique machines with high requirements for tightness and vibration reliability has been determined. Variants of the design of labyrinth seals have been investigated. The analysis shows that the dynamic properties of labyrinth seals significantly depend on the relative position of the ridges. Overlapping ridged seals have the worst dynamic performance of the labyrinth seal designs. The honeycomb seal has more favorable dynamic properties, and the well seal has the best combination of consumption and dynamic characteristics. The dynamic characteristics are especially important for the seals of high-speed rotors of centrifugal machines. The area of practical use of the research results: Enterprises that manufacture centrifugal machines: pumps and compressors. Innovative technological product: a methodology for the selection, design and calculation of special designs of gap seals with optimization of dynamic and flow characteristics. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: The obtained research results will be useful in the design and manufacture of centrifugal pumps and compressors for any parameters.
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Shade, W. N., and D. W. Legg. "Explosive Decompression Resistance of Centrifugal Compressor O-Ring Seals: A Comparative Test Summary and Procedure." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240119.

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Explosive decompression is a phenomenon that can destroy O-ring sealing elements in high-pressure (>3.4 MPa) natural gas compressors during rapid venting to atmospheric pressure. A test rig and procedure have been developed to identify important parameters influencing O-ring seal explosive decompression failure, consistent with utilization of these seals in high-pressure centrifugal compressors. The test rig and procedure are described and comparative test results presented.
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10

Childs, Dara W., Luis E. Rodriguez, Vito Cullotta, Adnan Al-Ghasem, and Matthew Graviss. "Rotordynamic-Coefficients and Static (Equilibrium Loci and Leakage) Characteristics for Short, Laminar-flow Annular Seals." Journal of Tribology 128, no. 2 (September 28, 2005): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2164468.

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Test results are presented for laminar-flow seals that are representative of buffered-flow oil seals in centrifugal compressors. The seals are short (L∕D≅0.21), with a diameter of 117mm and a clearance-to-radius ratio 0.0007. A smooth seal, a seal with one central groove, and a seal with three grooves were tested. Groove geometries employed are representative of industrial practice for compressors with a groove-depth to clearance ratio on the order of 6. Tests were conducted at 4000, 7000, and 10,000rpm shaft speed with delta pressures across the seals of 21, 45, and 69bars. For all cases, the flow was laminar. The seals were tested from a centered position out to an eccentricity ratio of 0.7. Static data included leakage and equilibrium loci for a range of loads. Direct and cross-coupled stiffness and damping coefficients and direct mass coefficients were determined from dynamic tests. For the smooth seal, comparisons between measurements and predictions were reasonable for the direct and cross-coupled stiffness and damping coefficients; however, measured added mass coefficients were roughly ten times larger than predicted. Predictions for the grooved seals from a “deep-groove” model that assumed zero pressure oscillations in the grooves greatly over predicted the influence of the grooves. In a centered position, smooth and grooved seals had comparable leakage performance. At higher eccentricity ratios, the grooved seals leaked modestly more. For eccentricity ratios less than approximately 0.3, the grooved seals and the smooth seal had qualitatively similar static and dynamic characteristics. In terms of cross-coupled stiffness coefficients, the grooved seals were less stable than the smooth seal at eccentricity ratios greater than approximately 0.5 but had significantly lower cross-coupled coefficients at reduced eccentricity ratios between zero and 0.3. A grooved centered seal is more stable than a smooth centered seal. The smooth seal had higher damping than the grooved seals and had moderately better centering capabilities.
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Дисертації з теми "Seals of compressors"

1

Salem, Khlifi. "Analysis of tilting-pad oil seals for high pressure centrifugal compressors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45937.

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Oil ring seals are one major source of instability in high pressure centrifugal compressors. This thesis presents a method for analysis of an improved seal concept that has been used in very high pressure designs (900 PSI). The improved design uses a combination of ring seals and tilting pad bearing elements. The stable tilting pad is used to center the heavily grooved seal element. The eight stiffness and damping coeflicients which represent the hydrodynamic forces between the journal and the seal assembly are computed by an automated computer code for evaluation of both the standard ring seal and the tilting pad elements. Both synchronous and nonsynchronous steady state characteristics have been included in the analysis. The nonsynchronous whirl of the rotor and its effects on the stiffness and damping coefiicients of a 5 tilting pad seal have been given in the form of design curves. The effect of pad inertia which has been neglected in many bearing analysis codes has been incorporated in this seal analysis, and allowed the determination of the exact cross coupling stiffness and damping coefficients.


Master of Science
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2

Baheti, Sanjay K. "Non-linear finite element thermo-hydrodynamic analysis of oil ring seals used in high pressure centrifugal compressors." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164027/.

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3

Rodrigues, Rodrigues Margarita. "Improving performance and rotordynamic characteristics of injection compressors via much longer balance-piston and division-wall seals." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1154.

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4

Al-Ghasem, Adnan Mahmoud. "Windback seal design for gas compressors: a numerical and experimental study." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5740.

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Seals are considered one of the important flow elements of a turbomachinery device. Traditional labyrinth seals have proven their performance functionality by reducing leakage rates. Significant improvements on labyrinth seal functionality were obtained through altering the design geometry of labyrinth seals to prevent contamination across a seal and maintaining small leakage flowrates. This results in a windback seal that has only one tooth which continuously winds around the shaft like a screw thread. These seals are used in gas compressors to isolate the gas face seal from bearing oil. A purge gas is passed through the seal into the bearing housing. The helical design allows the seal to clear itself of any oil contamination. Windback seal performance is controlled through changing the seal geometry. A 2D graphical design tool for calculating the total and cavity leakage flowrates for windback seals is introduced. The effectiveness of the Fluent CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) commercial code to accurately predict the leakage rate for windback seals was evaluated. The objective is to determine if CFD simulations can be used along with a few experimental tests to study windback seals of this design with air as the working fluid. Comparison of measurement and predictions for a windback seal using the κ-ε turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment functions show predictions and measurements comparing very well with a maximum difference of 5% for leakage rate. Similarly, the leakage rate of the tested smooth seal compares favorably with two dimensional CFD predictions, with a difference of 2%-11% and 8%-15% using laminar and κ-ε turbulent flow models, respectively. The variation of leakage with shaft speed and pressure ratio across the seals is accurately predicted by the CFD simulations. Increasing the rotor speed to 15000 rpm increases the measured leakage flowrate for the windback seal by 2% at high differential pressure and 4.5% at low differential pressure, and decreases it by 10 % for the smooth seal. The effects of seal clearance, tooth pitch, cavity depth and the tooth number of starts on leakage flowrate, velocity and pressure distributions were studied numerically for three differential pressures and four rotor speeds.
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5

Cates, Charles C. "A Computational Study of Axial Compressor Rotor Casing Treatments and Stator Land Seals." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1579.

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Бондаренко, Герман Андреевич, Герман Андрійович Бондаренко, Herman Andriiovych Bondarenko, В. И. Майборода, С. А. Рогальский та И. Н. Тертышный. "Выбор типа межступенчатых уплотнений центробежного компрессора дожимной компрессорной станции". Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62590.

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Основной отличительной особенностью работы центробежных компрессоров (ЦК) в составе дожимных компрессорных станций является работа при переменном (снижающемся) давлении газа на входе и необходимости обеспечения постоянного значения давления на выходе. Это требует применения компрессоров, обеспечивающих высокие значения отношений давлений. Работа таких компрессоров характеризуется небольшим объемным расходом компримируемого газа, по сравнению с компрессорами линейных компрессорных станций, что пропорционально увеличивает влияние протечек в межступенчатых уплотнениях на эффективность работы ЦК. В связи с этим вопросы обеспечения минимальных внутренних перетечек в компрессоре являются достаточно актуальными.
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Mahmood, Syed Moez Hussain. "Optimization Capabilities for Axial Compressor Blades and Seal Teeth Cavity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1458300148.

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8

Gamal, Eldin Ahmed Mohamed. "Analytical and experimental evaluation of the leakage and stiffness characteristics of high pressure pocket damper seals." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/16.

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This thesis presents numerical predictions for the leakage and direct stiffness coefficients of pocket damper seals. Modifications made to earlier flow-prediction models are discussed. Leakage and static pressure measurements on straight-through and diverging configurations of eight-bladed and twelve-bladed seals were used for code validation and for calculation of seal discharge coefficients. Higher than expected leakage rates were measured in the case of the twelve-bladed seal, while the leakage rates for the eight-bladed seals were predicted reasonably accurately. Results are presented for shake tests conducted on the seals at pressures of up to 1000 Psi (6.90 MPa). Test variables included pressure drop across the seals and rotor speed. The experimentally obtained stiffness coefficients are compared to results of a rotordynamic damper seal code, which uses the corrected mass flow-rate calculation method. Results show that the code under-predicts the magnitude of the seal's stiffness for most test cases. However, general trends in the frequency dependency of the direct stiffness are more accurately predicted. The expectation of high values of negative stiffness in diverging seals is confirmed by the results, but the frequency at which the sign of the stiffness becomes positive is considerably lower than is predicted. In addition to presenting high-pressure test data, this thesis also attempts to provide some insight into how seal parameters can be modified to obtain desired changes in seal stiffness.
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9

Holík, Petr. "Úcpávky turbodmychadel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230162.

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This master’s thesis deals with theme of turbocharger seals. The aims of a thesis are to compare a turbocharger seals used in PBS Turbo turbochargers and to describe a testing of a seals. Principle of turbocharging and types of turbocharger are described in fist part. Next point of the thesis is describing of a face seals and non-contacting seals. The main part of the thesis describes kinds and reasons of seals testing; also contains comparison between labyrinth seals and piston ring, comparison of seals of PBS Turbo’s turbochargers and assesses the impact of turbocharger angle on the tightness of the seal.
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Flores, Diego [Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Seume. "Influence of labyrinth seals in cavities on the flow of an axial compressor / Diego Flores ; Betreuer: Jörg Seume." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168379962/34.

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Книги з теми "Seals of compressors"

1

Hendricks, Robert C. Brush seal performance and durability issues based on T-700 engine test results. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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2

Childs, Dara W. SSME seal test program: Test results for smooth, hole-pattern, and helically grooved stators : interim progress report. College Station, Tex: Texas A&M, Turbomachinery Laboratories, Mechanical Engineering Dept., 1987.

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3

JTAGG II brush seal test results. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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4

P, Proctor Margaret, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. JTAGG II brush seal test results. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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5

Texas A & M University. Turbomachinery Laboratories. and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SSME seal test program: Test results for hole-pattern damper seals : interim progress report. College Station, Texas: Turbomachinery Laboratories, Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, 1985.

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6

C, Hendricks Robert, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and U.S. Army Research Laboratory., eds. Relative performance comparison between baseline labyrinth and dual-brush compressor discharge seals in a T-700 engine test. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Seals of compressors"

1

Rozova, Lyudmyla, and Gennadii Martynenko. "Mathematical Modeling and Program Implementation of Gasdynamic Solution of Dry Gas Seals for Centrifugal Compressors." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 591–602. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63270-0_40.

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2

Adams, Maurice L. "Compressor Refrigerant–Oil Separation Seal." In Rotating Machinery Research and Development Test Rigs, 119–29. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116723-12.

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3

Hoppe, Wally, and Dave Stubbs. "Automatic Eddy Current Inspection of Antirotation Windows in F100 Engine Compressor Air Seals." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 463–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9421-5_52.

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4

Yahyai, Mohamed Al, and David Mba. "Investigation of the Synchronous Response in a Back-Back Centrifugal Compressor Due to Imbalance and Seal Distortion." In Mechanisms and Machine Science, 97–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09918-7_7.

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5

Xue, Jing, Min Huang, Jun Yi, and Xuejun Liu. "Reliability modeling and optimization of the spray process for seal coatings on the aero-engine compressor casing." In Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice, 1728–35. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374987-261.

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6

Ochiai, Masayuki, and Yuki Sato. "Groove Shape Optimization on Dry Gas Seals." In Tribology of Machine Elements - Fundamentals and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103088.

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Анотація:
In this paper, a topological optimum design for the shape of a groove in a dry gas seal is described. Dry gas seals are widely used in high speed and high pressure rotating machinery such as gas turbines, compressors, and so on because of their high reliability compared to other types of seals. However, recent requirements for reducing emission with further control of leakage are in order. With this background, we propose applying topological optimization to the groove shape in a dry gas seal to reduce its leakage while keeping its stiffness for safe operation. First, the method of topological optimum design as applied to the groove of a dry gas seal is explained via numerical analysis. Next, results of the topological optimization are shown via categorizing an optimum shape map. Finally, the mechanism of reducing the gas leakage with an optimized seal is discussed based on the prediction of the flow field using a CFD analysis.
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"Labyrinth and Carbon Ring Seal Leakage Calculations." In Compressors, 586–95. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067545-1/50018-3.

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8

"Chapter 9. Dry Gas Seals, Auxiliaries, and Support Systems." In Compressor Technology Advances, 264–89. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110678765-011.

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9

Bill Forsthoffer, W. E. "Compressor seal system overview and types." In Forsthoffer's Rotating Equipment Handbooks, 229–49. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-185617472-5/50023-x.

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Bill Forsthoffer, W. E. "Compressor seal system overview and types." In Forsthoffer's Rotating Equipment Handbooks, 237–57. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-185617472-5/50073-3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Seals of compressors"

1

Kirk, R. Gordon, and S. K. Baheti. "Design of Liquid Seals for Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-4060.

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Abstract The use of liquid ring type oil seals in centrifugal compressors was essential for high pressure applications dating back to the early 1960’s. The analysis of high pressure oil seals was first documented in the literature in the mid 1970’s following a series of compressor instability problems that made it clear that a better understanding of how seals influence the overall rotor stability was necessary. To produce compressor designs at higher speeds requires that an adequate method of predicting the oil seal influence on rotor dynamic stability be available for the designer. With the enhanced capability of personal computers and improved finite element models of the oil film thermal and hydrodynamic solutions, it is now possible to more accurately predict the dynamic characteristics of the oil seals. This paper presents a series of predicted results from a currently available advanced state of the art computer analysis for high pressure oil seals. The evaluation of several high pressure compressor seal designs illustrate the current capability for analytical predictions for various seal bore geometries. Conclusions and recommendations for the design of liquid ring seals are presented, which can give the compressor designer guidance for application to future high performance compressor liquid seal designs.
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2

Sihra, Inderpal, Ian Goldswain, Christina Twist, and Jorge Pacheco. "Pipeline Compressors Dry Gas Seal Retrofits." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91865.

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Abstract Methane emissions are classed as one of the most important contributors to climate change. This greenhouse gas has a global warming potential 21 times that of Carbon Dioxide. In the Oil and Gas industry, pipeline compressor emissions have been identified as an important source of methane released into the atmosphere. Wet seals (oil seals) technology will not meet new targets being set for methane emissions. John Crane has therefore developed a new dry gas seal design with a significantly narrower cross section to allow historically high value compressor assets to continue to function without the need for extensive redesign or replacement. This dry gas seal has been specifically engineered to replace wet seals within older centrifugal pipeline compressors. The main reasons associated with conversion from wet seals to dry gas seals include: moving to non-contacting technology which reduces seal wear issues, reduced operating costs from removal of oil seal supporting systems including degassing equipment, lower energy consumption due to the shear losses associated with oil seals, reduced maintenance costs by having a simpler supporting system and less frequent routine maintenance, and reduced emissions. Wet seals are typically compact in nature and are therefore very flexible in how they can be installed into a compressor. Traditional dry gas seals occupy a larger cross-sectional footprint and therefore it was necessary to develop a brand new gas seal that can retrofit into the same cavity without the need for expensive and prohibitive machining of the compressor shaft or housing. The resulting gas seal design is significantly compact when compared to a standard gas seal, yet provides sealing at maximum pipeline compressor duties of up to 120barg and 100m/s. In order to create a compact seal, John Crane has significantly reduced the cross section of the rotating (mating) and stationary (primary) sealing faces. This change brings about an increased level of complexity associated with dry gas seal design. In-house FEA and CFD simulations have been used to optimize the seal design and groove patterns. Results documenting the extensive design and simulation activities will be presented to demonstrate effective separation of the sealing faces throughout the entire seal performance envelope. A number of tests were specifically designed to thoroughly validate the seal design by simulating compressor field conditions. The product has undergone a series of testing through its entire performance envelope for pressure, speed and temperature. Specific accelerated tests were also designed to replicate the seal lifetime. The paper will describe the test setup and present the validation results.
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3

Jarrabet, G. P., and L. Lu. "Low Leakage Fiber Metal Seals." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-141.

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To improve compressor efficiency, gas turbine engine manufacturers have focused on the need for impermeable low leakage rub strip seal materials. Rub strips are used for clearance control between rotating and stationary components in gas turbine engine compressors and turbines. Fiber metal materials are used in many clearance control seal applications and offer suitable rub characteristics, erosion resistance and temperature capability. The excellent abradability characteristics are related to the seal’s high pore volume of many small but interconnected and open pores. A ceramic foam compositing process was developed for incorporating a closed cell foam into the fiber metal structure. This composite seal material achieves the low leakage needs of advanced engines. The properties of abradability, erosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and low weight inherent in fiber metal compressor seals are maintained. The seals are fabricated by brazing preformed rub strips to backing rings and final machining. Seal fabrication uses conventional processing. The low leakage composite rub strip is an innovative approach to improving compressor efficiency that offers a combination of desirable properties in a seal material.
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4

Sears, John, and Derek Hosking. "Economic Justification of Mechanical Dry Seals for Centrifugal Compressors." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-272.

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This paper discusses an approach to calculate the economic justification for using mechanical dry seals in centrifugal compressors. This evaluation is based on the full dry gas seal system cost compared to the associated operational and maintenance savings over standard oil seal systems. The economic evaluation is applicable for both the retrofit of existing equipment and for the installation into new equipment. However, the focus of this paper is on the cost savings with respect to the dry gas seal retrofits. Although the economic justifications are shown for centrifugal compressors in pipeline and refinery services, the same basic philosophy can be used to evaluate the economic justification of dry gas seals for compressors in other types of service. Different areas of potential cost savings and environmental drivers are discussed, including a method calculating the associated savings. In addition, an example calculation for a specific compressor is presented. It must be emphasized that the economic benefits and the associated costs are highly dependent on the type and size of compressor as well as the particular application.
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5

Bear, C. C., and S. W. Gibson. "Applications Using Dry Gas Seals to Control Axial Shaft Loads in Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-104.

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Dry gas seal technology has developed significantly over the past two decades. In addition to advances in standard seal technologies, alternate configurations of dry gas seals within the compressor have provided compressor efficiency improvements among other benefits. This paper describes the innovative application of dry gas seals in the reduction and control of axial shaft forces in pipeline gas compressors. By uniquely configuring the dry seals, the balance piston was removed from a beam type compressor, resulting in improvement of the compressor efficiency. In addition, the maximum axial forces in an overhung unit were substantially lowered, eliminating full pressure start-up problems, and allowing the practical installation of magnetic bearings. In both beam and overhung compressor applications, these dry seals combined with a control system reduce axial forces on the shaft to zero under most operating conditions.
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6

Ruggiero, Eric, Paolo Susini, and Roderick Lusted. "Kevlar Fiber Brush Seals for LNG Compressors." In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4623.

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7

Takahashi, Naohiko, Haruo Miura, Mitsuhiro Narita, Noriyo Nishijima, and Yohei Magara. "Development of Scallop Cut Type Damper Seal for Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26693.

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This paper deals with a new type of damper seal developed for a high-pressure centrifugal compressor. Honeycomb seals and hole-pattern seals are popularly used as damper seals and provide superior rotordynamic damping characteristics. Honeycomb seals are expensive because the manufacturing process is complex. Hole-pattern seals are easier to manufacture, but they are still expensive. Use of a scallop pattern is one way to reduce manufacturing cost and time. A new seal that has a scallop pattern and small teeth on the stator surface is proposed. This pattern is cut on the stator surface using a disc type tool. To estimate the rotordynamic coefficients of this new seal, a bulk flow model code that is based on a two-control-volume model developed by Matsuda for labyrinth seals was newly developed. This model uses the Hirs model for the viscous shear stresses. The friction factor coefficients for the rotor surface, the stator surface and the surface between the two control volumes were determined by CFD steady analysis. The rotordynamic coefficients can also be obtained by using CFD perturbation analysis. The high accuracy of the bulk flow model was demonstrated by comparing its results with CFD perturbation analysis results. In the perturbation analysis, the whirling motion was treated as a steady state problem by using a rotating frame of reference. For the damper seal, the rotor surface and its neighboring region were treated with a rotating frame of reference and the neighboring region of the stator was treated with a stationary frame of reference. The damping property of the new seal was evaluated by conducting rotor stability tests using a high-pressure compressor with an electromagnetic exciter. The new seal equipped with swirl brakes was used for the balance piston of the compressor. Stability was evaluated by exciting the rotor during operation and identifying the eigenvalues of the rotor. The experimental results showed that the new seal increases damping. Comparison of the damping effect with calculations based on the bulk flow analysis showed good agreement.
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8

Memmott, Edmund A. "Stability of Centrifugal Compressors by Applications of Damper Seals." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45634.

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This paper surveys the applications of damper seals to provide the stable operation with respect to rotordynamics of centrifugal compressors. Damper seals are applied as sealing devices at the division wall of back-to-back compressors and at the balance piston of in-line compressors. They consist of a roughened surface on the stator that is typically created by a pattern of holes. Rotordynamically stable operation is shown by a lack of or a small bounded amount of SSV (subsynchronous vibration) at the first fundamental lateral critical frequency. Experience plots showing the use of damper seals will be presented. Case histories of the use of damper seals will be given. Stability analysis and full load full pressure test results will be reviewed. The test results show no SSV at the first critical frequency with the damper seals.
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Smith, Natalie R., Jason C. Wilkes, Jonathan Wade, Timothy C. Allison, Meera Day Towler, J. Jeffrey Moore, Ian Weinberg, and Michael McCune. "Measurements of End Cap Temperatures in a Multistage Barrel-Style Centrifugal Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91798.

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Abstract Gas compressor customers desire to operate gas compressors at higher discharge temperatures. In barrel-style centrifugal compressors, dry gas seals are used to limit the leakage along the shaft from the process fluid to atmosphere. The temperature limit of dynamic O-ring seals in the dry gas seal cartridge is one of the primary limiters to operating gas compressors at higher discharge temperatures. While the present discharge temperature limit is conservative compared to the seal limits, without a detailed understanding of the thermal distribution around the discharge-side end cap, operation at compressor discharge temperatures that exceed seal limits has too much risk. Thus, this paper describes the approach taken to characterize the temperatures around the discharge end dry gas seal of a commercial C335EL centrifugal compressor. A phased test matrix with increasing discharge temperatures was conducted so that the temperature distribution throughout the end cap could be assessed. The full-scale, highly-instrumented compressor was operated at discharge pressures and temperatures ranging from 4.7 to 9.4 MPa (680 to 1370 psi) and 113 to 218 degree Celsius (235 to 425 degrees Fahrenheit), respectively. The experimental test set-up and results are presented herein. Results include demonstration of successful compressor operation at discharge temperatures greater than seal limits as well as the end cap temperature sensitivity to lube oil supply and dry gas supply temperatures.
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Xi, Jinxiang, and David L. Rhode. "Influence of Teeth Damage on Rotordynamic Instability of Impeller Eye Seals in Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77452.

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This paper investigates the influence of labyrinth seal teeth damage due to rotor impacting on the performance and the rotordynamic characteristics of impeller eye seals in centrifugal compressors. A well-established CFD-perturbation model was employed to predict the rotordynamic coefficients. The inclusion of at least an approximate shroud leakage path chamber is prefered for accurate prediction of seal-inlet swirl velocity and flow-induced rotordynamic forces. Impeller eye seals with teeth damage: (a) suffer significant leakage increases due to the increased seal clearance and (b) produce higher seal-inlet swirl velocity as well as larger rotordynamic forces, which tend to cause the system to become unstable. It was also found that distorted teeth tip geometries have an insignificant influence on both leakage and rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage path influence on seal-inlet swirl velocity W0 was also explored to thoroughly understand the rotordynamic characteristics of the eye seal subject to various degrees of teeth damage.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Seals of compressors"

1

Allison, Tim, Sarah Simons, and Jordan Nielson. Novel Seal Design for Effective Mitigation of Methane Emissions from Reciprocating Compressors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1635601.

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