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Статті в журналах з теми "Scelionidé":
1
Samin, Najmeh, and Shahriar Asgari. "A study on the fauna of Scelionid wasps (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) in the Isfahan province, Iran." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 3 (2012): 1073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1203073s.
Анотація:
Scelionid wasps (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) are powerful egg parasitoids which have an efficient role in the biological control of agricultural pests, especially pentatomids (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The species diversity of these beneficial insects from Isfahan province is studied in this paper. Twenty species from 2 subfamilies, Scelioninae and Telenominae, were collected and identified. In this paper, the hosts of reared parasitoids are introduced together with the synonyms of scelionid wasps.
2
Austin, A. D., and and S. A. Field. "The ovipositor system of Scelionid and Platygastrid wasps (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): Comparative morphology and phylogenetic implications." Invertebrate Systematics 11, no. 1 (1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it95048.
Анотація:
The morphology of the sclerotised components of the ovipositor system is comprehensively surveyed for scelionid and platygastrid wasps, with information being assessed for 120 genera and 220 species. A diagnosis for the ovipositor system is presented for most genera to complement existing generic descriptions. Two previously described and mechanically different forms of the ovipositor system are recognised: (1) the Ceratobaeus-type that is extended and retracted by antagonistic muscles and (2) the Scelio-type that is operated by changes in hydrostatic pressure, where the ovipositor is extended at the end of an elongate telescopic tube derived from expanded intersegmental membrane between metasomal segments 6 and 7. Comparison of these forms with the supposed ground plan for the Scelionidae strongly indicates that the Scelio-type is apomorphic, that it defines a monophyletic group associated with orthopteran host eggs, and that it comprises the tribes Scelionini, Calliscelionini, most Psilanteridini, Aradophagini, Neoscelionini, Platyscelionini, Doddiellini and four genera misplaced within the Sparasionini and Baryconini (Archaeoteleia Masner, Bracalba Dodd, Chromoteleia Ashmead and Oxyscelio Kieffer), as well as Sceliacanthella Dodd. Until a more robust classification of the superfamily is forthcoming, it is proposed that this group be informally referred to as the 'Scelionini sensu lato'. Further, seven genera (Habroteleia Kieffer, Palpoteleia Kieffer, Anteris Foerster, Fusicornia Risbec, Leptoteleia Kieffer, Opisthacantha Ashmead and Styloteleia Kieffer) are misplaced in the Calliscelionini and Psilanteridini because they possess the Ceratobaeus-type system. Nixonia Masner, Sparasion Latreille and Sceliomorpha Ashmead (Sparasionini) are considered to have the most primitive ovipositor system because they possess a Ceratobaeus-type system, and sub-basally fused lateral and latero-ventral apodemes, the latter being loosely attached to sternite 6. Sparasion and Sceliomorpha also have very short lateral apodemes and this, in conjunction with the form of the apodemes, can be considered to be the ground plan for the superfamily. The Platygastridae all possess a modified ovipositor system but, nonetheless, one that in most cases is extended and retracted by musculature (i.e. Ceratobaeus-type). In particular, the system in most platygastrids is typified by having metasomal tergite 8 and associated cerci missing, the lateral apodemes short and forming a U-shape, and the ovipositor assembly generally robust. Only one of approximately 30 genera examined, Acerotella Masner, has very elongate apodemes, as in the Scelionidae. Many platygastrids also have a pair of latero-ventral apodemes, a presumed plesiomorphic character, rather than a single medial apodeme on stemite 6, which is the case for many Scelionidae. The most highly modified system is found in Isostasius Foerster and some Synopeas (Sactogaster) Foerster, where the ovipositor assembly is coiled vertically or partly so and the apodemes are greatly reduced. Generally, characters associated with the ovipositor system do not provide any independent support for the most recent higher-level classification of platygastrids, although they show substantial potential for more accurate definition of genera. A preliminary cladistic analysis of 14 ovipositor characters supports the monophyly of five clades that correspond to the Scelionini s. l., the Scelionidae (minus the Sparasionini sensu stricto), the Sparasionini s. str., the Platygastridae, and the Sparasioriini s. str. + Platygastridae. Overall, results from this study will provide baseline information on the ovipositor system as a prelude to a more complete phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily including external morphological characters. Although no new classification for the Scelionidae and Platygastridae is proposed, their higher-level taxonomy is reviewed and discussed and cases identified where, on the basis of ovipositor morphology, taxa (tribes and/or genera) apparently form monophyletic groups, and where taxa are misplaced. Finally, the status of the major higher-level groups within the superfamily is discussed, as is the available evidence to support their monophyly.
3
MIKÓ, ISTVÁN, LARS VILHELMSEN, NORMAN F. JOHNSON, LUBOMIR MASNER, and ZSOLT PÉNZES. "Skeletomusculature of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): head and mesosoma." Zootaxa 1571, no. 1 (August 31, 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1571.1.1.
Анотація:
The skeletomusculature of the head and mesosoma of the parasitoid wasp family Scelionidae is reviewed. Representatives of 27 scelionid genera are examined together with 13 non-scelionid taxa for comparison. Terms employed for other groups of Hymenoptera are reviewed, and a consensus terminology is proposed. External characters are redescribed and correlated with corresponding apodemes, muscles and putative exocrine gland openings; their phylogenetic importance is discussed. 229 skeletal structures were termed and defined, from which 84 are newly established or redefined. 67 muscles of the head and mesosoma are examined and homologized with those present in other Hymenoptera taxa. The presence of the cranio-antennal muscle, an extrinsic antennal muscle originating from the head capsule, is unique for Scelionidae. The dorsally bent epistomal sulcus and the corresponding internal epistomal ridge extend to the anterior margin of the oral foramen, the clypeo-pleurostomal line is absent and the tentorium is fused with the pleurostomal condyle. The frontal ledge is present in those scelionid genera having the anterior mandibular articulation located on the lateral margin of the oral foramen. The ledge corresponds to the site of origin of the mandibular abductor muscle, which is displaced from the genal area to the top of the frons. The protractor of the pharyngeal plate originates dorsally of the antennal foramen in Scelionidae. All scelionid genera have a postgenal bridge developed between the oral and occipital foramina. The propleural arm is reduced, muscles originating from the propleural arm in other Hymenoptera are situated on other propectal structures in Scelionidae. The profurcal bridge is absent. The first flexor of the fore wing originates from the posteroventral part of the pronotum in Scelionidae and Vanhorniidae, whereas the muscle originatesfrom the mesopleuron in all other Hymenoptera. The netrion apodeme anteriorly limits the site of origin of the first flexor of the fore wing. Three types of netrion are described on the basis of the relative position of the netrion apodeme and the posterior pronotal inflection. The occlusor muscle apodeme is absent in basal Scelionidae, the fan-shaped muscle originates from the pronotum. In Nixonia the muscle originates posterior to the netrion apodeme. The skaphion apodeme crosses the site of origin of the longitudinal flight muscle. The lateral and dorsal axillar surfaces and the axillar carina are defined and described for the first time in Platygastroidea. The retractor of the mesoscutum is reported in Scelionidae and the variability of the muscle and corresponding skeletal structures within the family is described. The term sternaulus is redefined on the basis of the site of origin of the mesopleuro-mesobasalare muscle. The term speculum is adopted from Ichneumonidae and Cynipoidea taxonomy on the basis of the site of origin of the mesopleuro-mesofurcal muscle. The remnants of the mesopleural ridge, sulcus and mesopleural arm and pit and the putative border between the mesepisternum and mesepimeron is discussed. The mesopleural depressor of the mesotrochanter sensu Gibson 1985 originates from the anterior extension of the mesofurca and therefore the muscle is redefined and referred to in the present study as the lateral mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscle. In Nixonia, Sparasion, Idris and Gryon both the lateral and median mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscles are present. The lateral mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscle is present in Platygastridae. The second flexor of the hind wing at least partly originates from the posteriorly delimited area of the mesopectus in Scelionidae similarly to some other Proctotrupomorpha and Chalcidoidea. The serial homology of this area and the netrion is discussed. The possible serial homology of the medially elevated area of the metanotum and mesoscutellum and the usage of the term metascutellum in Apocrita is discussed with the descriptions of correlated internal structures. The anterior metanotal wing process is located on the independent humeral sclerite in Scelionidae, similar to other Apocrita except Cynipoidea. The metanotal depressor of the metatrochanter originates from the humeral sclerite in Scelionidae as well as in some other Proctotrupoidea. The metapleuron is extended secondarily dorsally of the metapleural ridge and corresponding metapleural sulcus in Scelionidae. In Telenominae, Gryonini and Baeini the metafurca is located posteriorly on the metadiscrimenal lamella.
4
Popovici, Ovidiu Alin, Lars Vilhelmsen, Lubomir Masner, István Mikó, and Norman Johnson. "Maxillolabial complex in scelionids (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): morphology and phylogenetic implications." Insect Systematics & Evolution 48, no. 4 (September 14, 2017): 315–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-48022156.
Анотація:
The Platygastroidea is a highly diverse group of small to minute parasitoid wasps. Despite the reduced size, the morphology of the maxillolabial complex of scelionids is very diverse and phylogenetically informative. 81 characters are scored for 129 genera (representing 75% of the total number of known extant genera of scelionids), as well as for seven outgroup taxa. All taxa examined are illustrated with images, SEM micrographs and/or line drawings. Phylogenetic trees resulting from analyses conducted in TNT under various settings were not fully resolved, but some relationships were repeatedly retrieved. The Platygastroidea are usually corroborated. Nixoniini, Sparasionini, Plaumannion and Huddlestonium are frequently retrieved as the most basal platygastroid lineages. Psix and Paratelenomus often form a monophyletic group close to Gryonini. The Scelioninae, Teleasinae and Telenominae are not supported as monophyletic. However, some major scelionid clades are frequently retrieved, but these are not recognized in the current classification of Platygastroidea. The evolution of the palpal formula, highly variably in scelionids, and previously used in platygastroid systematics, is explored. The number of maxillary palpomeres in the ground plan of platygatroids is probably five, that of labial palpomeres two or three, given the variation among basal scelionids. Our study provides relevant information for resolving the phylogeny of the Platygastroidea, but additional character sources have to be explored to obtain a robust phylogenetic hypothesis.
5
Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Assessment of conceptual and taxonomic aspects of the Scelionidae Family (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 046–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2022.4.1.0027.
Анотація:
Biology of Scelionidae Scelionid wasps are idiobiont endoparasitoids of spider eggs, mainly araneids and teridids, and of insects odonates, orthopterans, mantles, embypterans, hemipterans, neuropterans, coleopterans, dipterans and lepidopterans. Its females have an ovipositor that acts as a hypodermic needle, allowing it to pierce the chorion of the host's egg and lay eggs. The parasitoid larvae consume the host's tissues and thrusts within it, with one adult emerging in solitary species or several adults in gregarious species. The objective of this mini review is to understand the biology, ecology, habitat, geographical distribution, taxonomy, life cycle and phenology of the Scelionidae Family. In this study, quantitative and conceptual aspects were used. To this end, a bibliographic survey of Scelionidae was carried out in the years 1982 to 2021. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented at national and international scientific events, Doctoral Thesis and Master's Dissertation were considered. Data were also obtained from platforms such as: Academia.edu, Frontiers, Qeios, Pubmed, Biological Abstract, Publons, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science and ERIC.
6
Krupke, Christian H., and Jay F. Brunner. "Parasitoids of the Consperse Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in North Central Washington and Attractiveness of a Host-Produced Pheromone Component." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.1.84.
Анотація:
The parasitoid complex of the consperse stink bug, Euschistus conspersus Uhler, was investigated in a series of field experiments conducted in native vegetation surrounding commercial apple orchards in the state of Washington. Rearing of parasitoids from adult E. conspersus confirmed the presence of two tachinid species, Gymnosoma filiola Loew and Gymnoclytia occidentalis Townsend. Three species of scelionids were reared from fresh egg masses placed on mullein plants (Verbascum thapsus L.) with Trissolcus utahensis (Ashmead) being the most common species. Though some parasitism was recorded in all study sites by both tachinids and scelionids, overall levels of parasitism were low (<10%). Predation comprised the major source of egg mortality in the field. Bucket traps baited with the male-produced aggregation pheromone component, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate, captured significantly more G. occidentalis than unbaited controls, suggesting that it may use this compound as a host-finding kairomone. A test comparing E. conspersus egg masses placed on baited vs. unbaited V. thapsus revealed no differences in the rate of parasitism by scelionid parasitoids.
7
Kononova, S. V. "New species of scelionids (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) of the Israel fauna." Entomological Review 88, no. 8 (November 2008): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873808080113.
8
FALIÈRES, ELSA, and ANDRÉ NEL. "A new scelionine genus from the earliest Eocene Oise amber (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae)." Palaeoentomology 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.3.
Анотація:
‘Scelionid’ wasps are rather frequent in Cretaceous and Cenozoic amber. The Cenozoic fossils generally belong to extant genera. Among these, Talamas & Buffington (2015) listed and figured a female and a male Calliscelio sp. from the Miocene Dominican amber. Antropov et al., (2014) placed Macroteleia veterna Cockerell, 1921 from the latest Eocene of the Isle of Wight in the genus Calliscelio under the name Calliscelio veternus (Cockerell, 1921), but in the same paper they also indicate that ‘The latter comprise 12 fossils, including “Macroteleia” veterna Cockerell, 1921a = Calotelea, a widespread genus of orthopteran parasites’. Lastly Calliscelio caudatus (Brues, 1940), Calliscelio prolepticus (Brues, 1940), and Calliscelio succinophilus (Brues, 1940) from the mid Eocene Baltic amber were never revised. Here we describe new fossil scelionids from the earliest Eocene amber of Oise (France), closely related to Calliscelio.
9
Engel, Michael S., Diying Huang, Abdulaziz S. Alqarni, Chenyang Cai, Mabel Alvarado, Laura C. V. Breitkreuz, and Dany Azar. "An apterous scelionid wasp in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." Comptes Rendus Palevol 16, no. 1 (January 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2016.03.005.
10
King, Kendall, Megan E. Meuti, and Norman F. Johnson. "Identification and expression of odorant binding proteins in the egg-parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87 (December 23, 2021): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.68954.
Анотація:
Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) is an egg-parasitoid of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Linneaus) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Many behaviors associated with female T. basalis host-finding and acceptance are mediated by chemosensory pathways, for which olfactory, gustatory and ionotropic receptors have been previously identified. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are small, globular proteins, one of the functions of which is the transport of odorant ligands through the aqueous lymph of chemosensory sensilla to these receptors. We identified 18 classical OBP sequences in the T. basalis genome and transcriptomes sharing an average 26.8% pairwise identity. Gene tree analyses suggest very limited lineage-specific expansion and identify potential orthologs among other scelionids and Hymenoptera. Transcriptome mapping and qPCR comparison of expression levels in antennae and bodies of both sexes determine that at least five TbOBPs are preferentially expressed in the female antennae. These are, therefore, prime candidates for further study to determine their role in detecting host-produced semiochemicals.
Дисертації з теми "Scelionidé":
1
Martel, Guillaume. "Evaluation en laboratoire du parasitoïde Gryon gonikopalense (Hym ˸ Scelionidae) pour le contrôle biologique de Bagrada hilaris (Hem ˸ Pentatomidae), une punaise invasive aux Etats-Unis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSAM0023.
Анотація:
Dans un contexte de mondialisation et de changement climatique, de plus en plus d'insectes deviennent invasifs et affectent notamment l'agriculture à l'échelle mondiale. Au cœur de ce réseau d'invasions, les Etats-Unis subissent l'arrivée de nombreuses espèces provenant principalement d'Asie. Parmi elles, les punaises pentatomidés menacent la plupart des agrosystèmes américains et sont aujourd'hui principalement régulées par les pesticides de synthèse. Bagrada hilaris (bagrada), originaire d'Asie et d'Afrique, est la plus récente à avoir colonisé les Etats-Unis où elle sévit depuis 2008 dans les cultures de chou et de brocoli (Brassicaceae). Pour répondre aux besoins des agriculteurs, l'USDA-ARS a financé un programme de lutte biologique classique visant à sélectionner et introduire en Californie un ou plusieurs ennemis naturels de bagrada depuis son aire d'origine. Les travaux inclus dans cette thèse sont une partie de ce programme. Ils ont cherché à évaluer en serre de quarantaine si le parasitoïde oophage Gryon gonikopalense (Scelionidae), originaire du Pakistan, pourrait s'établir en Californie et contrôler efficacement bagrada. Quatre principaux objectifs ont ainsi été définis : 1) décrire la biologie générale de G. gonikopalense ; 2) décrire son comportement de recherche d'hôte ; 3) examiner la possibilité de le produire en masse et 4) évaluer sa spécificité vis-à-vis de bagrada avec des punaises euro-méditerranéennes. L'objectif 1 a permis de montrer que la physiologie de G. gonikopalense était similaire à celle de nombreux autres scelionidés : en fonction de la température, il complète son développement en 7 à 25 jours, peut vivre entre 30 et 150 jours et parasiter une centaine d'œufs au cours de sa vie. Il partage avec bagrada un optimum thermique entre 25 et 35 °C qui pourrait lui permettre de s'établir en Californie. En plus d'être un parasite efficace de bagrada, l'atout de G. gonikopalense réside particulièrement dans son comportement de recherche des œufs de son hôte qui sont enterrés dans le sol dans 90% des cas. Nous avons découvert que G. gonikopalense était capable de creuser le sol pour parasiter les œufs. En outre, nous avons montré dans un système tri-trophique que le parasitoïde attaquait principalement les pontes enterrées de bagrada, tout en étant capable d'atteindre les œufs déposés sur la plante hôte (env. 10%). Pour le 3ème objectif, nous avons montré que le stockage des œufs de bagrada à 5°C sur trois semaines permettait d'optimiser l'élevage du parasitoïde et faciliter une production de masse. Concernant l'objectif 4, toujours en cours, il en résulte que les sur 11 pentatomidés testées, au moins 4 ont été parasitées, dont deux essentiellement localisées autour du bassin méditerranéen. Ces résultats complémentent les tests menés en Californie et permettent de discuter proactivement de l'introduction de G. gonikopalense dans les populations méditerranéennes invasives de bagrada. Finalement, nous avons décrit au cours de cette thèse plusieurs aspects, jusqu'alors inconnus, de la biologie de G. gonikopalense. Sa spécialisation comportementale envers bagrada en fait notamment un candidat de premier choix pour le programme de lutte biologique Une pétition rédigée sur la base de ces connaissances remise aux autorités sanitaires des Etats-Unis restent un objectif à court terme. Ceux-ci évalueront alors les risques et les bénéfices liés à l'utilisation de G. gonikopalense pour contrôler bagrada en CalifornieIn a context of globalization and climate change, more and more insects are becoming invasive, particularly affecting agriculture on a global scale. At the heart of this network of invasions, the United States of America is experiencing the arrival of many species, mainly from Asia. Among them, stink bugs (Pentatomidae) threaten most American agrosystems and are now mainly regulated by synthetic pesticides. Bagrada hilaris (bagrada), native to Asia and Africa, is the most recent species to invade the USA, where it has been reported since 2008 in Brassicaceae crops. To answer the needs of farmers, USDA-ARS funded a classical biological control program to select and introduce from its native range one or more natural enemies of bagrada into California. The research included in this PhD thesis is part of this program. It sought to assess in a quarantine greenhouse whether the oophagous parasitoid Gryon gonikopalense (Scelionidae), native to Pakistan, could establish in California and efficiently control bagrada. Thus, four main objectives were defined: 1) to describe the general biology of G. gonikopalense; 2) describe its host foraging behavior; 3) examine the possibility of its mass production and 4) assess its specificity towards bagrada using Euro-Mediterranean non-target stink bugs. Objective 1 allowed to show that the physiology of G. gonikopalense was similar to that of many other scelionids: depending on the temperature, it completed its development in 7 to 25 days, its lifespan ranges from 30 to 150 days and it is able to parasitize hundred eggs during its lifetime. It shares with bagrada a thermal optimum between 25 and 35 °C which could allow it to settle in California. In addition to being an effective parasitoid of bagrada, the advantage of G. gonikopalense particularly involves its foraging behavior for host's eggs, which are buried in the ground in 90% of cases. We found that G. gonikopalense was able to dig into the soil to parasitize eggs. In addition, we have shown in a tri-trophic system that the parasitoid mainly attacks the buried eggs of bagrada, while being able to reach the eggs deposited on the host plant (about 10%). For the 3rd objective, we have shown that the storage of bagrada eggs at 5 °C over three weeks made it possible to optimize the breeding of the parasitoid and facilitate mass production. Concerning the objective 4, still in progress, we showed that among the 11 pentatomids tested, at least four were suitable for the parasitoid, and two of them were mainly located around the Mediterranean basin. These results complement the tests carried out in California and open a proactive discussion on the introduction of G. gonikopalense in invasive Mediterranean populations of bagrada. Finally, during this thesis, we have described several aspects, hitherto unknown, of the biology of G. gonikopalense. Its behavioral specialization towards bagrada makes this parasitoid particularly promising for the biological control program. A petition-to-release drafted on the basis of this knowledge submitted to the health authorities of the USA remains a short-term objective. They will then assess the risks and benefits of using G. gonikopalense to control bagrada in California
2
Field, Scott A. "Patch exploitation and defence in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis Wollaston (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf456.pdf.
Анотація:
Bibliography: leaves 175-191. Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) is a solitary endoparasitoid of the eggs of many pentatomid bugs. It is a quasi-gregarious scelenoid and aggressively defends host patches. In the Adelaide (S. Aust.) region its most abundant host is the native horehound bug, Agonoscelis rutila (Fabricius). This study of patch defence draws together important areas of research in parasitoid behavioural ecology, including the theories of adaptive superparasitism, sex ratio decisions, foraging behaviour and contest resolution.
3
Smaniotto, Lisonéia Fiorentini. "Seletividade de inseticidas alternativos a Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/256.
Анотація:
Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a seletividade de inseticidas alternativos ao parasitóide Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Para isto foram utilizados os inseticidas alternativos Compostonat, Natuneem, Natualho, Óleo de Gerânio, Pironat e Rotenat. Foram pulverizados 0,2 mL de cada produto, na concentração recomendada pelo fabricante, sobre cartelas (1,0 × 5,0 cm) contendo ovos de Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). A testemunha constou da pulverização de água destilada. Realizou-se teste com chance de escolha, confinando uma fêmea de T. podisi com duas cartelas, uma pulverizada com o inseticida alternativo e a outra com a testemunha, sendo avaliada a taxa de parasitismo, analisando a repelência provocada pelo inseticida alternativo em relação a sua respectiva testemunha. O teste sem chance de escolha consistiu em duas estratégias de pulverização, pulverização pré-parasitismo e pulverização pós-parasitismo. A pulverização pré-parasitismo consistiu em confinar uma fêmea com uma cartela pulverizada com o inseticida alternativo, ou confinada com uma cartela da testemunha, enquanto a pulverização pós-parasitismo consistiu em confinar uma fêmea com uma cartela não pulverizada, após 24 h retirou-se a fêmea e foi realizada a pulverização com o inseticida alternativo ou com água destilada, sendo esta a testemunha. Neste teste, avaliou-se o taxa de parasitismo, porcentagem de emergência, longevidade dos adultos, período ovo-adulto e razão sexual dos parasitóides emergidos. Verificou-se que no teste com chance de escolha os inseticidas alternativos Compostonat, Natualho e Óleo de Gerânio afetaram a taxa de parasitismo. No teste sem chance de escolha a taxa de parasitismo foi afetada pelos inseticidas alternativos Rotenat no pós-parasitismo, Natualho e Óleo de Gerânio no pré-parasitismo, enquanto a emergência foi reduzida por Compostonat e Óleo de Gerânio no pré-parasitismo. O parâmetro período ovo-adulto foi afetado pelos produtos Natualho no pré-parasitismo para fêmeas e Óleo de Gerânio no pós-parasitismo para macho, a razão sexual foi reduzida por Natualho e Óleo de Gerânio nos pós-parasitismo. A longevidade foi diminuída pelos inseticidas alternativos Rotenat e Óleo de Gerânio no pré-parasitismo, e aumentada pelo Óleo de Gerânio no pós-parasitismo. Assim, Natuneem foi o único produto a apresentar seletividade a T. podisi em todos os parâmetros avaliados, porém, os demais inseticidas alternativos não são seletivos, tomando por base os testes aqui realizados, pois afetaram a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, comprometendo o controle do inseto-praga.The aim of this study was to verify the selectivity of alternative insecticides to the egg parasitoid, Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The following products were evaluated: Compostonat, Natuneem, Natualho, Geranium Oil, Pironat and Rotenat. A quantity of 0.2 ml of each product, at the manufacturer’s recommended concentration, was sprayed onto cards (1.0 × 5.0 cm) supporting the eggs of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The control was sprayed with distilled water. In this test, it was available the parasitism rate, emergency of percentage, adults longevity, period of adult-egg, sexual ration of the emerged parasitoids. It was verified that in the test with chance of choice, the alternative insecticides Compostonat, Natualho and Geranium oil affect the rate of parasitism. In the test with no-chance of parasitism choice the rate of parasitism was affected by the alternative insecticides Rotenat in the post-parasitism, Natualho and Geranium oil in the pre-parasitism, while the emergency was reduced by Compostonat and Geranium oil in the pre-parasitism. The parameter period adult-egg was affected by the products Natualho in pre-parasitism for females and Geranium oil in the post-parasitism for male, the sexual ration was reduced by Natualho and Geranium oil in the post-parasitism. The longevity was reduced by alternative insecticides Rotenat and Geranium oil in the pre-parasitism, and elevated by Geranium oil in the post-parasitism. Thus, Natuneem was the unique product to present selectivity to T. podisi in all the available parameters, although the other alternative insecticides are no selective, basing in the tests hear realized, because they affected the majority of the available parameters, compromising the control of prague- insect.
4
Taekul, Charuwat. "Classification and revision of world species of the genus Fusicornia Risbec (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1214777444.
5
Koppel, Amanda Leigh. "Stink bug egg studies in southeastern Virginia: parasitoid survey, and susceptibility and chorion permeability to insecticides." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37540.
Анотація:
Currently, there is little known about stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) eggs,
their natural enemies, and their susceptibility to insecticides.
A survey of stink bug egg parasitoids was conducted in row crops and vegetables
in eastern Virginia. Parasitization was highest in Euschistus servus (Say) with 89.7% and
49.2% of egg masses and individual eggs parasitized, respectively, followed by
Acrosternum hilare (Say), with nearly half of all individual eggs parasitized. The most
common parasitoid was Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae).
Laboratory egg-dip bioassays and field applications of acephate, lambda-cyhalothrin,
spinosad, and thiamethoxam, were carried out to determine efficacy against nonparasitized
E. servus and A. hilare eggs, and T. podisi embryos developing in E. servus
eggs. Results showed that eggs of both species were susceptible to insecticides, that there
was little difference among insecticides, but there was generally greater mortality in
field-treated versus dipped eggs. Developing T. podisi were generally more susceptible
to insecticides than stink bugs.
Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate oviposition sites as possible
sites of insecticide movement into eggs. Oviposition wounds and holes made by a
tungsten probe were similarly sealed by a â scabâ , so it was not clear whether these
wounds allow for increased insecticide movement into parasitized eggs.
Differences in chorion permeability of non-parasitized and parasitized eggs were
compared by immersing them in solutions containing different 14C-ammended
insecticides at field application rates for 0, 30, 120 or 240 minutes. Results showed that
insecticide movement into the egg increased significantly with immersion time for both
acephate and lambda-cyhalothrin, but there were no significant differences between nonparasitized
and parasitized eggs. Neither immersion time nor egg status was significant
for thiamethoxam. A model was constructed that predicts amount of insecticide entering
the egg at any given time.
An 8-week survey for the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål)
was conducted in Beijing and five other cities in China. Incidence of egg parasitism was
recorded. Results showed that H. halys utilized at least four different plants throughout
the summer, and insects were found in Nanjing, Kunming, and Xiâ an. Parasitization of
eggs was noted, and the parasitoids were identified as Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang
(Scelionidae: Hymenoptera) by K.A. Hoelmer (USDA-ARS).Ph. D.
6
Tognon, Roberta. "Cairomônios de percevejos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) associados à aprendizagem de parasitoides de ovos (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184790.
Анотація:
Parasitoides Scelionidae são agentes de controle natural de percevejos e seu sucesso de parasitismo está vinculado a estratégias de busca (inatas e/ou aprendidas), sendo os cairomônios provenientes de ovos hospedeiros, uma das principais pistas utilizadas por estes organismos. Portanto, este trabalho objetivou verificar a influência do hospedeiro de origem em sucessivas gerações dos scelionídeos Telenomus podisi Ashmead e Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) através de testes de escolha a ovos dos pentatomídeos Euschistus heros (Fabricius), Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) e Nezara viridula (L.). Também foram identificados compostos químicos presentes em ovos de E. heros, Euschistus conspersus Uhler e Halyomorpha halys Stål. O efeito cairomonal e de aprendizagem de extratos e misturas sintéticas destes em T. podisi e Trissolcus erugatus Johnson em laboratório, semicampo e/ou campo foram subsequentemente observados. Verificou-se que o parasitismo de T. podisi é influenciado pelo hospedeiro de origem, no entanto, T. basalis apresentou uma preferência por ovos de N. viridula, independente do hospedeiro de criação Observamos que o extrato de ovos de E. heros é atrativo à T. podisi e deste foram identificados 32 compostos, sendo que a mistura de quatro destes (limoneno, canfeno, benzaldeído e β-pineno) foi responsável pela atratividade e incremento do parasitismo de T. podisi em ovos de E. heros, tanto em laboratório como semicampo. Quanto à E. conspersus, a atratividade de T. podisi e T. erugatus ao extrato de ovos foi confirmada em bioensaios quimiotáxicos, sendo o metil (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoato, a principal substância elucidada. O extrato de ovos e as substâncias sintéticas provenientes da identificação química (hexadecanal, octadecanal e eicosanal) de ovos de H. halys repeliram T. podisi e T. erugatus, inviabilizando o parasitismo. Além disso, a experiência em substâncias cairomonais de ovos fez com que as vespas alterassem seu comportamento inato, independente de qual era seu hospedeiro de origem. Essa aprendizagem pôde, por vezes, persistir ao longo de alguns dias, tornando os insetos mais aptos na busca e parasitismo. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que é possível manipular o comportamento de parasitoids utilizando semioquímicos. O conhecimento sobre a aprendizagem dos insetos pode auxiliar em estratégias de liberação e manutenção destes organismos para o incremento do controle biológico em agroecossistemas.Scelionidae parasitoids are important natural enemies of stink bugs and their parasitism success is related to innate and/or learned strategies used for host location, in which egg kairomones play an important role. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the influence of original host over generations of Telenomus podisi Ashmead and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) through a parasitism choice test in Euschistus heros (Fabricius), Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) and Nezara viridula (L.) egg masses. Moreover, chemical identification of substances present on the external layer of E. heros, Euschistus conspersus Uhler and Halyomorpha halys Stål eggs was also done. Their kairomonal activity and learning behavior to extracts and synthetic mixtures were evaluated in T. podisi and Trissolcus erugatus under laboratory, semi-field and/or field conditions. We observed that parasitism of T. podisi is influenced by its original host, however, T. basalis showed a preference for parasitize N. viridula eggs, independently of the host rearing Furthermore, T. podisi is attracted by E. heros egg extract, which we identified 32 compounds and a mixture of four of them (limonene, camphene, benzaldehyde and β-pinene) induced attractiveness and increased parasitism by T. podisi in E. heros egg masses. Regarding to E. conspersus, attraction of T. podisi and T. erugatus to egg extract was registered in chemotaxic assays, being methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate the main substance found. Egg extract and the synthetic blend from H. halys eggs (hexadecanal, octadecanal and eicosanal) repelled either T. podisi or T. erugatus, resulting in parasitism absence. Besides, experienced females on kairomonal substances from eggs of a specific host, changed their innate behavior and, sometimes, it was kept for days, becoming wasps ablest to search and parasitize. Thus, these results showed that it is possible to manipulate parasitoid behavior using semiochemicals. A better understanding of parasitoids learning behavior can help establishing strategies to release and/or maintenance these organisms in agroecosystems for biological control improvement.
7
Iqbal, Muhammad. "Systematics and phylogeny of the Baeini (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae), with special reference to Australasian fauna /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phi64.pdf.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied and Molecular Ecology, 1999.Addendum pasted onto verso of back end paper. Copy of author's previously published article inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-236).
8
Calbert, Gregory. "Information, game theory and patch defence in the parasitic wasp Trissolcus basalis Wollaston (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae) /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc143.pdf.
9
Raveendranath, Sivasubramaniam. "Biology and behaviour of Telenomus ssp.(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) egg parasitoids, attacking Spodoptera stp. (Lepodtera: Noctuidae)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47781.
10
Vieira, Cecília Rodrigues. "Ecologia química de insetos parasitóides de ovos (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) e sua aplicação no controle biológico de pragas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/8310.
Анотація:
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2010.Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2011-05-27T16:07:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_CeciliaRodriguesVieira.pdf: 3218541 bytes, checksum: bb23d57ec7ea110a4f14801748b2b385 (MD5)
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A manipulação da abundância e distribuição de inimigos naturais por semioquímicos tem potencial para melhorar as estratégias de controle biológico. Entretanto, estudos em ambientes complexos (campo), voltados para estabelecer a ação cairomonal de semioquímicos e sua influência na distribuição e abundância de parasitóides ainda são escassos. Esses conhecimentos são fundamentais para estabelecer bases científicas sólidas que permitam a aplicação dos semioquímicos no manejo integrado de pragas. Nesse trabalho foram avaliadas duas estratégias de uso de semioquímicos para manejo comportamental de parasitóides de ovos de percevejos, visando estabelecer o efeito da sua aplicação na abundância e distribuição dos parasitóides e o impacto nas populações de percevejos através do parasitismo de ovos. Uma das estratégias testadas foi o uso de (E)-2-hexenal, componente do feromônio de alarme de percevejos, que também é um constituinte dos voláteis verdes de plantas. Esse composto tem ação cairomonal em parasitóides de ovos comprovada previamente em laboratório. A liberação por septos de borracha com diferentes doses (4 mg, 10 mg e 5 mg) de (E)-2-hexenal em áreas de cultivo de soja, mostrou que a abundância de parasitóides foi maior em parcelas com aplicação do composto na concentração de 4 mg e esse efeito ocorreu principalmente nos estágios de enchimento dos grãos de soja até a maturidade fisiológica da planta. No entanto, em parcelas tratadas com (E)-2-hexenal a intensidade e a ocorrência de parasitismo em ovos e o nível populacional de percevejos fitófagos não diferiu de parcelas controle. Uma segunda estratégia testada foi a utilização de cis-jasmone, um fitormônio que atua como indutor de voláteis componentes da defesa indireta da soja. Experimentos em campo foram realizados pulverizando 6 ml de solução de cis-jasmone (250 mg cis-jasmone + 100 mg de tween 20, em 1 l de água) sobre plantas de soja no início do estágio reprodutivo. A estrutura da comunidade (riqueza e equidade) foi similar, em geral, entre parcelas tratamento e controle. Entretanto, o número total de Scelionidae, parasitóides de ovos de percevejos, principalmente Telenomus podisi e Trissolcus basalis foi significativamente maior em parcelas tratadas durante as três semanas posteriores a aplicação do composto. Essa atração não gerou resposta de aumento na ocorrência e intensidade de parasitismo em ovos e o nível populacional de percevejos-praga não foi diferente entre parcelas tratamento e controle. O controle de percevejos em culturas de soja pode ser incrementado pelo adensamento de parasitóides Scelionidae em áreas tratadas, aumentando assim a probabilidade de localização de ovos do hospedeiro. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The manipulation of the abundance and distribution of natural enemies by semiochemicals can improve strategies for biological control. However, studies in complex environments (field), aimed to establish the kairomonal action of semiochemicals and their influence on the distribution and abundance of parasitoids are scarce. Such knowledge is fundamental to establish a solid scientific basis for applying the semiochemicals in integrated pest management. In this study we evaluated two strategies for use of semiochemicals for management of behavioral egg parasitoids of stink bugs, to establish the effect of its application in the abundance and distribution of parasitoids and the impact on populations of stink bugs through the egg parasitism. One strategy was tested using (E)-2-hexenal, an alarm pheromone component of stink bugs, which is also a green leaf volatile produced by plants. This compound showed a kairomonal effect on egg parasitoids in laboratory. The release by rubber septa of different doses (4 mg, 10 mg and 5 mg) of (E)-2-hexenal in soybean crops indicated that the abundance of parasitoids was higher in plots treated with a concentration of 4 mg of (E)-2-hexenal and this effect occurred mainly in the grain filling stages of soybeans to physiological maturity of plants. However, in plots treated with (E)-2-hexenal intensity and occurrence of egg parasitism and population level of phytophagous bugs did not differ from control. We also investigated the use of cis-jasmone, a plant phytormone that induces indirect defenses in soybean. Field experiments were performed by spraying 6 ml of cisjasmone (250 mg cis-jasmone + 100 mg of tween 20 in 1 l of water) on soybean plants, during the early reproductive stage. The community structure (richness and equity) was similar, in general, between treatment and control plots. However, the total number of Scelionidae, stink bug’s egg parasitoids, mainly Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis, was significantly higher in treated plots during the three weeks after the application of the compound. This attraction did not increase the occurrence and intensity of egg parasitism and the abundance of stink bugs did not differ between treatment and control plots. The stink bug control in soybean can be increased by the high density of parasitoid Scelionidae in treated areas, thereby increasing the probability of location of host eggs.
Книги з теми "Scelionidé":
1
Kononova, S. V. St︠s︡elionidy Palearktiki (Hymenoptera,Scelionidae): Podsemeĭstvo Scelioninae. Moskva: Tov-vo nauch. izd. KMK, 2008.
2
Kozlov, M. A. St͡s︡elioniny fauny SSSR: Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Scelioninae. Leningrad: "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1990.
3
Mukerjee, M. K. Descriptions of some new and records of some known Prototrupoidea (Hymenoptera) from Garhwal Himalayas, India. Calcutta: The Survey, 1994.
4
Masner, Lubomir. World review and keys to genera of the subfamily Inostemmatinae with reassignment of the taxa to the Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Ottawa: Entomological Society of Canada, 1989.
5
Masner, Lubomir. World review and keys to genera of the subfamily Inostemmatinae with reassignment of the taxa to the Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Ottawa: Entomological Society of Canada, 1989.
6
Iqbal, Muhammad. Systematics of the wasp genus Ceratobaeus Ashmead (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae) from Australasia: Parasitoids of spider eggs. Adelaide: South Australian Museum, 2000.
7
Wermuth, Heinz, Franz Eilhard [Red. ] Schulze, DZG, Bundesrepublik> Zoologische Gesellschaft
8
Austin, Andrew, Paul Dangerfield, and Graeme Baker. Biology, Ecology and Systematics of Australian Scelio. CSIRO Publishing, 2001.
Частини книг з теми "Scelionidé":
1
Rajmohana, K., and Sunita Patra. "Scelionid Parasitoids." In Parasitoids in Pest Management, 265–81. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003354239-10.
2
Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner, et al. "Scelionidae." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3287. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4049.
3
Iqbal, Muhammad, and Andrew D. Austin. "Systematics, diversity and host relationships of the baeine wasps (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): parasitoids of spider eggs." In The Other 99%: The Conservation and Biodiversity of Invertebrates, 228–31. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1999.037.
4
Kozlov, M. A. "Family SCELIONIDAE (Scelionids)." In Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, 1110–79. BRILL, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004628007_029.
5
"SCELIONID WASPS." In Wasps of the World, 100–101. Princeton University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.7514501.48.
6
Rajmohana, K., and Sunita Patra. "Scelionidae and Platygastridae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea) of India." In Indian Insects, 159–71. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429061400-10.
7
Hanson, Paul E., and Ian D. Gauld. "The Biology Of Hymenoptera." In The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica, 20–88. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549055.003.0002.
Анотація:
Abstract In Costa Rica hymenopterans have been collected in all major terrestrial habitats, from the coastal man grove swamps to the peaks of the highest mountains. Although none has yet actually been collected in fresh water, a species of Hydrophylita, a trichogrammatid genus known to attack submerged eggs of dragonflies, has recently been captured in Malaise traps in the country (see Chapter 11.19). The different life zones referred to in Chapter 1 support rather different hymenopterous communities. In the hot, seasonally dry and rather open tropical deciduous forests of the northwest a variety of aculeates are relatively common, including representatives of small and bio logically little-studied groups such as the Sierolomorphidae and brachycistidine Tiphiidae. In these dry forests several species of the larger Hymenoptera are yellow and brown or brown and blackish banded. Some ichneumonid species are dichromic, with a yellow ochre and brown patterned individuals in dry forests and a black and lemon yellow coloured individuals in wet forests or in dry forests during the wet season (Gauld, 1991). As one moves from the deciduous forest to the lowland moist or wet forests the number of social insect species apparently increases (e.g. see Janzen, 1983). Species of stingless bees and ants abound, as do the less noticeable non social, but numerous, yellow and black patterned chalcidids, whose hovering flight resembles that of stingless-bees, and the tiny orange and black scelionids that parasitize katydid eggs. Reddish braconids with dark patterned wings may be seen among the under growth while black and white banded ichneumonids are occasionally glimpsed, almost invisible as they fly through shafts of sunlight.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Scelionidé":
1
Iordosopol, Elena, Mihail Batco, and Valentina Maevschii. "Fauna utilă a nectariferului introducent Lobullaria maritima L. și eficența lui în reglarea dăunătorilor la prun." In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.08.
Анотація:
The paper reveals the effectiveness of the invasive nectarifer Lobullaria maritima in attracting, accumulating, maintaining the complex of fauna useful to plum in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The reserve of the useful complex in the trap belts was varied for 3 years and consisted of 23 taxon representatives, from 12 families, 6 orders, with the dominance among phytophages of cruciferous fleas, parasites of species of the Pteromalidae family and individual predators of spiders and bugs Orius spp In the trap belts during the diapause period, the following dominated: phytophagous - the hawthorn mite (Tetranychus viennenzis), the invasive bed bug Chorynthuca arcuata, predators - spiders from 3 families (Lyniphiidae, Salticidae and Thomizidae) and parasites only the Scelionidae family.
2
Zhang, Jinping. "Host orientation ofTrissolcus japonicus(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) by using the volatile chemicals emitted fromHalymorpha halys(Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114418.
3
Batco, Mihail, Elena Iordosopol, and Victoria Sumencova. "Eficiența utilizării atractanților naturali pentru a atrage și reține entomofagii în plantațiile culturilor fructifere sâmburoase." In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.04.
Анотація:
The prospects of using a natural attractants like methyl salicylate (MeSa) to attract and retain entomophages in the agrocenosis of a peach orchard during the growing season have been demonstrated. The presence of such substances increased their total number by 2.0 times compared with the control. Parasitic hymenoptera from the families Encyrtidae, Scelionidae, and Mymaridae were found to be attracted with its help by an average of 2 times, Trichogrammatidae – 4.0 times more compared to the control. The effectiveness of using MeSa increased if additional nutrition for entomophages was added to the agrocenosis by spraying trees with a solution of a protein-carbohydrate mixture, as well as the presence of nectar-bearing plants. The number of parasitic hymenoptera in the experimental area in this case increased by an average of 2,5-3 times. This was also accompanied by a reduction in damage by the plum codling moth Grafolita funebrana Tr., the eastern codling moth Grafolita molesta Busck and the fruit striped moth Anarsia lineatella Zeller.
4
Dieckhoff, Christine. "What lies beyond traditional host range testing: Host choice behavior inTrissolcus japonicus(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a classical biological control agent ofHalyomorpha halys." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94907.