Готові списки джерел за темами / Scanning XRF

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Scanning XRF"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Scanning XRF"

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Tjallingii, Rik, Y. Hamann, D. Garbe-Schönberg, G. Jan Weltje, and U. Röhl. "2010 international workshop on XRF core scanning." PAGES news 19, no. 2 (July 2011): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.19.2.90.

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Viksna, A., E. Selin Lindgren, and P. Standzenieks. "Analysis of pine needles by XRF scanning techniques." X-Ray Spectrometry 30, no. 4 (2001): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.496.

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Zhang, Xiaonan, Hucai Zhang, Fengqin Chang, Umar Ashraf, Wei Peng, Han Wu, Qi Liu, Fengwen Liu, Yun Zhang, and Lizeng Duan. "Application of Corrected Methods for High-Resolution XRF Core Scanning Elements in Lake Sediments." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 8012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228012.

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Contemporary studies emphasize theoretical and analytical aspects of monitoring water quality within lacustrine settings. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanner provides the most rapid, non-destructive high-resolution elemental measurements for unprocessed sediments. However, the analytical precision of measured elemental composition may be offset due to water content and inhomogeneities in the physical properties of the sediment. A range of calibration approaches developed specifically for converting XRF scanning intensities to element fractions has been made available. Here, two lake sediment-cores retrieved from southwest China were used to evaluate the performance of various calibration methods. In particular, the influence of sediment properties on XRF scanning intensities was assessed by redundancy analyses (RDA) and the generalized additive model (GAM). The results demonstrate that for fine-grained sediments, the impact of grain size results in only minor deviations in the XRF scanning intensities. Water content of the lake sediment was shown to be the most important factor influencing the XRF scanning intensities, especially for light elements (e.g., Al to Fe). Significant decreases in XRF scanning intensities may occur when sediment water content is greater than 47%. We recommend testing the element fractions obtained via conventional techniques throughout the core and applying the multivariate log-ratio calibration for high-resolution XRF scanning elements within lake sediments.
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Söğüt, Ö., Ç. Dönük, G. Apaydın, and Ö. F. Bakkaloğlu. "Examination of CoNiCu thin films by using XRF and XRD." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 5 (May 2014): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2012-0538.

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A series of thin films of CoNiCu and NiCu produced using the electrodeposition method have been examined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive XRF spectroscopy was used to determine the concentrations of the atomic percentage in these films. CoNiCu and NiCu thin film samples were excited by gamma rays with 59.5 keV energy photons from 100 mCi 241Am radioisotope source. K X-rays emitted by samples were counted by an Ultra-LEGe detector having a resolution of 150 eV at 5.9 keV. Structural analyses of these films have been done using the XRD technique and thin films were found to have a face-centred cubic (fcc) structure. In addition, surface morphologies of the films have been analysed by SEM. If one examines the SEM images of thin film samples, it can be seen that these elements have been homogeneously distributed in the samples of the thin films.
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Zolotarev, K. V., E. L. Goldberg, V. I. Kondratyev, G. N. Kulipanov, E. G. Miginsky, V. M. Tsukanov, M. A. Phedorin, and Yu P. Kolmogorov. "Scanning SR-XRF beamline for analysis of bottom sediments." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 470, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01073-7.

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Trojek, Tomáš, Darina Trojková, and Petr Mikysek. "DETERMINATION OF URANIUM AND THORIUM SURFACE DISTRIBUTION IN GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES: COMPARISON OF TABLETOP MACRO AND MICRO-XRF SCANNING." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 198, no. 9-11 (August 2022): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncac114.

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Abstract This paper describes the identification and quantification of uranium, thorium and other chemical elements in a low-grade uranium ore, using macro and micro-X-ray fluorescence scanning. The result of such scanning is their surface distribution determined in flat samples. The basic parameters of both setups are described. The investigation was focused mainly on the improvement of the lateral resolution in the laboratory tabletop macro-XRF and its comparison with micro-XRF scanning. A standard reference material NIST 610 was used as a homogeneous reference silicate material of a known composition. The measurements have demonstrated how the macro-XRF with a quite wide X-ray beam can be competitive with the micro-XRF scanning. The capabilities of both devices were established, utilizing measurements of selected uranium-bearing sediments samples, from the Břevniště deposit in the Czech Republic.
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Bernady, Edyta, Maria Goryl, and Małgorzata Walczak. "XRF Imaging (MA-XRF) as a Valuable Method in the Analysis of Nonhomogeneous Structures of Grisaille Paint Layers." Heritage 4, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 3193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040179.

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Stained glass paint layers made with vitreous paints can be a challenging subject for analyses. Their heterogenic structure requires proper experimental methodology in order to obtain valuable data. The main goal of this paper is to present the advantages of macro-XRF scanning (MA-XRF) in the non-destructive investigation of historical grisaille paint layers on the basis of research conducted on seven stained glass panels from the Dominican Monastery in Kraków, the Diocesan Museum in Kielce and the National Museum in Poznań (Poland). The obtained results showed the capabilities of MA-XRF scanning in technology recognition, the legibility of damaged fragments of painted depictions, as well as with distinguishing the elemental composition between vitreous paints in different colours. Additionally, SEM-EDS measurements are presented so as to acquire quantitative results and additional information concerning light elements.
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Hahn, A., M. G. Bowen, P. D. Clift, D. K. Kulhanek, and M. W. Lyle. "Testing the analytical performance of handheld XRF using marine sediments of IODP Expedition 355." Geological Magazine 157, no. 6 (April 4, 2019): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000189.

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AbstractObtaining geochemical profiles using X-ray fluorescent (XRF) techniques has become a standard procedure in many sediment core studies. The resulting datasets are not only important tools for palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic reconstructions, but also for stratigraphic correlation. The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) has therefore recently introduced shipboard application of a handheld XRF device, making geochemical data directly available to the science party. In all XRF scanning techniques, the physical properties of wet core halves cause substantial analytical deviations. In order to obtain estimates of element concentrations (e.g. for quantitative analyses of fluxes or mass-balance calculations), a calibration of the scanning data is required. We test whether results from the handheld XRF analysis on discrete samples are suitable for calibrating scanning data. Log-ratios with Ca as a common denominator were calculated. The comparison between the handheld device and conventional measurements show that the latter provide high-quality data describing Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb and Sr content (R2 compared with conventional measurements: ln(Al/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Si/Ca) = 0.98, ln(K/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Ti/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Mn/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Fe/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Zn/Ca) = 0.99 and ln(Sr/Ca) = 0.99). Our results imply that discrete measurements using the shipboard handheld analyser are suitable for the calibration of XRF scanning data. Our test was performed on downcore sediments from IODP Expedition 355 that display a wide variety of lithologies of both terrestrial and marine origin. The implication is that our findings are valid on a general scale and that shipboard handheld XRF analysis on discrete samples should be used for calibrating XRF scanning data.
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Hložek, M., T. Trojek, R. Prokeš, and V. Linhart. "Mediaeval metal threads and their identification using micro-XRF scanning, confocal XRF, and X-ray micro-radiography." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 155 (February 2019): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.04.016.

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Bukit, Nurdin, Erna Frida, Ferry Rahmat Astianta Bukit, and Bunga Fisikanta Bukit. "Analysis structure and morphology of bentonite-opba nanocomposites as nanofillers." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 20, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2022.20.2.1710.

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used as a nanofiller. The methods used to synthesis bentonite nanoparticles are ball mill and co-precipitation and modification with surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Likewise, the OPBA synthesis process with the ball mill process and co-precipitation. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results of characterization using XRD showed a decrease in particle size in bentonite-OPBA nanocomposites. The SEM results show uniformity of particle size in Bentonite-OPBA nanocomposite. Meanwhile, the FTIR results showed absorption peaks indicating bonding in the nanocomposite, confirmed by XRF results. The XRF results show the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the nanocomposite so that it can be applied as a nanofiller.
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Дисертації з теми "Scanning XRF"

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Miller, Eric J. "High-Resolution Sediment Records of Seismicity and Seasonal Sedimentation from Prince William Sound, Alaska, using XRF Core Scanning." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617947.

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The southern coast of Alaska is a climatically sensitive and tectonically active region, however due to its remoteness and harsh climate there are limited long-term historical records of environmental conditions such as storm frequency, river discharge, and earthquakes. In order to determine the potential for Prince William Sound sediments to contain high-resolution paleorecords of these conditions, a suite of 11 gravity cores was collected within the Sound in order to determine the modern day sediment depositional trends and to develop elemental proxies for earthquakes and seasonal sedimentation. 210Pb/137Cs-derived sedimentation rates and grain size trends indicate that there are two distinct sediment sources to the Sound; an allochthonous source of sediment that is advected into the Sound through Hinchinbrook Entrance, and an autochthonous source of sediment from the Columbia Glacier region of the northern Sound. Cyclic variations in grain size were identified in Hinchinbrook Entrance sediments using the XRF Sr/Pb ratio and were interpreted to be the result of seasonal sedimentation; with coarse-grained sediments deposited during the winter when storm-driven wave and currents in the nearshore region are high, and fine-grained sediments deposited during the summer when costal conditions are less energetic and when the discharge and transport of sediments from the Copper River is high. Additionally, light and dark colored laminations in northern Hinchinbrook Entrance sediments were interpreted to be the result of seasonal variations in the supply and preservation of organic matter; with high concentrations of organic matter preserved in the summer when primary production, the flux of terrestrial organic matter from rivers, and costal upwelling of potentially low oxygenated waters is high, and low organic matter concentrations preserved in the winter when primary production and river discharge are low, and when downwelling conditions likely introduce highly oxygenated waters. The use of the XRF Br/Cl ratio as a proxy for marine organic matter suggested that at least a portion of the dark, organic-rich, summer deposits had a marine origin, and may therefore be a potential proxy for seasonal sedimentation under certain conditions. Gravity flow deposits from the northern Sound were identified as having a source from the Columbia Glacier region using the XRF K/Ca ratio. The gravity flows that caused these deposits were identified as being triggered by historically recorded earthquakes, which likely remobilized sediment on the steep slopes of the northern channel and which then flowed downslope to the south. The results of this study indicate that the rapidly accumulating sediments in Hinchinbrook Entrance potentially contain high resolution records of Copper River discharge, storm activity and primary production, whereas sediments in the northern Sound may contain a regional seismic record.
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Dehlinger, Mael. "XAS-XEOL and XRF spectroscopies using near field microscope probes for high-resolution photon collection." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4048/document.

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Les microscopes en champ proche permettent d'obtenir la topographie d'un échantillon avec une résolution pouvant atteindre la résolution atomique. Les spectroscopies de rayons-X sont des méthodes de caractérisation qui permettent de déterminer la composition et la structure élémentaire de l'échantillon avec une précision inférieure à l'Ångström. Nous avons choisi de coupler ces deux techniques en collectant localement la luminescence visible issue de l'échantillon par la pointe-sonde d'un microscope à force de cisaillement, constituée d'une fibre optique effilée de faible ouverture. Cette technique a été utilisée pour caractériser des échantillons semiconducteurs micro- et nano-structurés afin d'en obtenir simultanément la topographie et la cartographie de luminescence locale. Afin de pouvoir étendre ce concept à d'autres types de matériaux, la faisabilité de la collecte de la fluorescence X locale a été évaluée avec la microsource. Pour cela la fluorescence X émise par un échantillon a été collectée par un capillaire cylindrique équipant un détecteur EDX. L'influence du diamètre du capillaire sur le niveau de signal a été mesurée. Une simulation numérique a été développée afin d'estimer le niveau de signal obtenu en utilisant un capillaire de 1 µm de diamètre et d'optimiser la géométrie du système. En couplant la microscopie en champ proche et l'analyse XRF, à la lumière de ces résultats, il sera possible d'atteindre 100 nm de résolution latérale en environnement synchrotron et moins de 1 µm à l'aide d'une source de laboratoire. Il serait alors possible de sélectionner un objet particulier sur une surface et d'en faire l'analyse élémentaire
Scanning Probe Microscopes allow to obtain sample topography up to atomic resolution. X-ray spectroscopies allow elemental and structural analysis of a sample with accuracy better than 1 Å. The lateral resolution is limited by the primary beam diameter, currently a few µm². We have chosen to couple this two technics. Local sample visible luminescence is collected through a low aperture sharp optical fibre, probe of a shear force microscope. This technique was used to characterize microstructured semiconducting samples to achieve simultaneously the surface topography and luminescence mapping. The results were obtained using either synchrotron radiation or a laboratory microsource equipped with a polycapillary lens. To extend this concept to a wider variety of materials, local XRF collection by an EDX detector equipped with a cylindrical X-ray capillary was tested. A cobalt sample irradiated with the microsource was used for technique evaluation. The signal magnitude dependence with the capillary diameter was measured. Modelling and numerical calculations were developed to estimate the signal magnitude that could be detected using a 1 µm diameter capillary. The optimal system geometry was determined. Scanning Probe Microscopy combined to XRF analysis could thereby lead to simultaneous acquisition of sample topography and chemical mapping. The expected lateral resolution using synchrotron radiation is 100 nm while sub 1 µm resolution is realistic with a laboratory source. This technique would allow to point a peculiar micro- or nano-object on the surface and to perform its chemical analysis
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Longhini, Elisa <1988&gt. "Scanning macro-XRF: Calculation of Sensitivity and Limits of Detection for common pigments in historical paintings and the investigation of Rembrandt’s ‘Saul and David’." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4769.

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The aim of this research was to study and compare the potential of two mobile scanners MACRO-XRF, through the analysis of multilayered paint samples. Wood and plexiglass mockups were painted with some of the most common oil pigments in art, using a paint film applicator. Only wood samples were analyzed and covered by different thicknesses of lead white, in order to reproduce a real layers sequence frequent in historical painting. The two scanners MA-XRF were: M6 Jetstream, that is the first model of the production run by Bruker; and AXIL scanner, an in-house build scanner of the University of Antwerp. The potential of these two instruments was observed and studied through the change of some fundamental parameters: step size, dwell time and detector geometry. Qualitative considerations were based on elemental maps carried out by Datamuncher package. Furthermore, the best Instrument AXIL scanner set-up was used for quantitative analysis. In order to calculate meaningful data of sensitivity and limit of detection for each marker element, the dwell time was increased up to 2,5 second per pixel. The second part of this study shows a real application of AXIL scanner on Rembrandt’s painting “Saul and David” and the attention was focused on the different use of cobalt in the painting: as a pigment (smalt) or as a drier.
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Cartapanis, Olivier. "Variabilité de la zone de minimum d’oxygène du Pacifique Est équatorial au cours du Quaternaire récent." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4365/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objectifs de documenter les variations spatiotemporelles de la zone de minimum d’oxygène (OMZ) du Pacifique Nord-Est, et d’identifier les mécanismes qui ont causé ces variations. L’étude est fondée sur l’analyse géochimique des composants majeurs, mineurs et traces de sédiments prélevés dans le Pacifique Nord-Est, en combinant des mesures par ICP-MS et scanneur XRF. Ces mesures ont permis de distinguer l’effet de la productivité biologique de celui de la ventilation océanique sur l’oxygénation du sédiment. J’ai pu mettre en évidence le rôle prépondérant de la productivité au niveau de la Basse Californie (23°N), qui varie en phase avec les températures en Atlantique Nord durant les 120.000 dernières années. Par ailleurs, la ventilation océanique a probablement joué un rôle important au niveau du golfe de Papagayo (12°N), par l’advection de masses d’eau provenant des hautes latitudes nord et sud. L’intensité de l’OMZ du Pacifique Nord-Est serait donc influencée par des modifications des circulations océaniques et atmosphériques, liées aux climats des hautes latitudes des deux hémisphères
This thesis aims at documenting the spatiotemporal variations of the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) of the northeastern Pacific, and identifying the mechanisms that caused theses variations. The study is based on the geochemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements of sediments from the northeastern Pacific, by combining ICP-MS and XRF scans measurements. These measurements allowed distinguishing the effect of biologic productivity and oceanic ventilation on sediment oxygenation. I was able to highlight the predominant impact of the productivity off the Baja California Margin (23°N), which varied in phase with the high northern Atlantic temperature across the past 120,000 years. Moreover, oceanic ventilation did play an important role off the Papagayo Gulf (12°N), because of the advection of water mass coming from the high northern and southern latitudes. OMS intensity in the northeastern Pacific could thus be influenced by changes in the atmospheric and oceanic circulation, in relation to high northern and southern latitudes climates
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Simán, Frans Filip. "Assessment of Machine Learning Applied to X-Ray Fluorescence Core Scan Data from the Zinkgruvan Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82050.

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Lithological core logging is a subjective and time consuming endeavour which could possibly be automated, the question is if and to what extent this automation would affect the resulting core logs. This study presents a case from the Zinkgruvan Zn-Pb-Ag mine, Bergslagen, Sweden; in which Classification and Regression Trees and K-means Clustering on the Self Organising Map were applied to X-Ray Flourescence lithogeochemistry data derived from automated core scan technology. These two methods are assessed through comparison to manual core logging. It is found that the X-Ray Fluorescence data are not sufficiently accurate or precise for the purpose of automated full lithological classification since not all elements are successfully quantified. Furthermore, not all lithologies are possible to distinquish with lithogeochemsitry alone furter hindering the success of automated lithological classification. This study concludes that; 1) K-means on the Self Organising Map is the most successful approach, however; this may be influenced by the method of domain validation, 2) the choice of ground truth for learning is important for both supervised learning and the assessment of machine learning accuracy and 3) geology, data resolution and choice of elements are important parameters for machine learning. Both the supervised method of Classification and Regression Trees and the unsupervised method of K-means clustering applied to Self Organising Maps show potential to assist core logging procedures.
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Saffarini, Ghassan. "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and density study of ternary chalcogenide glasses based on Ge-Se and Ge-S." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7396.

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Glasses of the systems Ge-Se-X (X = Ga, Sn, Bi, Sb), Ge-S-Y (Y = Ag, Ga, Sn, Bi) and Se-S have been examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), density and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two of the compositions, GeSe2 and (GeSe2)92Ga8, have also been examined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The emphasis of the XPS measurements was on the changes in the binding energies with composition of the core peaks of the glasses, and on the plasmon energy losses from the L3M4,5M4,5 Auger lines of Se and Ge. It was found that there were small shifts in the binding energies of the core peaks on substitution but the plasmon energy changed markedly with composition. For the XRD measurements, the focus was on two features : (a) to ensure that the samples prepared were truely amorphous and (b) to confirm the presence of the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) on the interference functions. The density measurements showed that the addition of the third element (X or Y) to the binary resulted in an increase in the relative density except for one system, Ge-Se-Sn, which showed the opposite behaviour. The DSC measurements showed that the addition of the third element to the binary resulted in a decrease in the glass transition temperatures. The EXAFS and XANES measurements of GeSe2 and (GeSe2)92Ga8 glasses showed that there was very little change in the local order around the Ge atom in GeSe2 glass with increase in temperature and that the local order around the Ge atom changes on alloying GeSe2 with Ga. Correlations between parameters and measured properties of the ternary alloys have been investigated. It has been found that the parameter , the average coordination number, correlates well with certain structural properties but badly with others. Suggestions are made for an alternative to .
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Motylenko, Mykhaylo. "Beitrag zur Analyse von Disklinationsstrukturen in plastisch verformten Metallen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-67416.

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Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Analyse der bei hohen Verformungsgraden in Werkstoffen durch kollektive Bewegung der Versetzungen entstandenen neuen Defektkonfigurationen, die auf der mesoskopischen Skala agieren. Diese so genannte Disklinationen rufen neben starken Gitterdehnungen auch erhebliche lokale Gitterrotationen hervor. Es wurde der Nachweis der Existenz der Disklinationen in plastisch verformten Kristallen geliefert sowie die qualitative und quantitative Analyse der Disklinationskonfigurationen und der Disklinationsstärke durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen an stark verformten Ein- und Vielkristallen wurden mittels sowohl lokalen Methoden der Transmissions- (TEM, CBED) und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM, EBSD) als auch der integralen Methoden der Röntgenstrukturanalyse (XRD) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass die Entwicklung der Zellblockstruktur mit erheblichem Anstieg der Desorientierungen und Versetzungsdichten in Versetzungswänden verbunden ist und durch die Bildung der Netzwerke von Disklinationen gefördert wird.
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Alajtal, Adel Imhemed. "Raman spectroscopic application for the analysis of organic compounds and minerals of astrobiological significance : the detection and discrimination of organic compounds and mineral analogues in pure and mixed samples of astrobiological significance using raman spectroscopy, XRD and scanning electron microscopy." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4425.

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Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise both organic and geological samples in order to build a database for the future characterization of biomarker molecules that are of astrobiological relevance. Characteristic geological features and hydrated minerals recently found on the surface of Mars by the NASA planetary rovers Spirit and Opportunity suggest that a possible biosphere could have once existed there. Analytical instrumentation protocols for the unequivocal detection of biomarkers in suitable geological matrices are critical for future unmanned explorations, including the forthcoming ESA ExoMars mission scheduled for 2018. Several geological features found on the surface of Mars by planetary rovers suggest that a possible extinct biosphere could exist based on similar sources of energy as occurred on Earth. For this reason, analytical instrumental protocols for the detection of isolated biomarkers preserved in suitable geological matrices unequivocally and non-destructively have to be evaluated for future unmanned missions. Raman spectroscopy is currently part of the Pasteur instrumentation suite of the ExoMars mission for the remote detection of extant or extinct life signatures in the Martian surface and subsurface. Terrestrial analogues of Martian sites have been identified and the biogeological modifications resulting from extremophilic survival activity have been studied. Here we present the Raman spectral characterization of several examples of organic compounds which have been recorded using 785 nm, 633 nm and 514 nm laser excitation -polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic acids, chlorophyll and carotenoids. Experimental mixtures of ß-carotene in usnic acid, PAHs in usnic acid and PAHs in mineral matrices have also been investigated. Organic compounds and PAHs located under crystalline minerals samples were identified using a 5x objective lens and 785 nm III excitation. The pure compounds and compound mixtures were also analysed using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of this study indicate that near infrared laser at 785 nm provided the clearest and the most informative spectra due to the reduction of fluorescence emission. Higher energy lasers operating in the visible region have resulted in the emission of significant background fluorescence. Few samples fluoresce even with the use of 785 nm excitation and FT-Raman spectroscopy remains the instrument of choice for the analysis of these samples.
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Alajtal, Adel I. "Raman spectroscopic application for the analysis of organic compounds and minerals of astrobiological significance. The detection and discrimination of organic compounds and mineral analogues in pure and mixed samples of astrobiological significance using raman spectroscopy, XRD and scanning electron microscopy." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4425.

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Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise both organic and geological samples in order to build a database for the future characterization of biomarker molecules that are of astrobiological relevance. Characteristic geological features and hydrated minerals recently found on the surface of Mars by the NASA planetary rovers Spirit and Opportunity suggest that a possible biosphere could have once existed there. Analytical instrumentation protocols for the unequivocal detection of biomarkers in suitable geological matrices are critical for future unmanned explorations, including the forthcoming ESA ExoMars mission scheduled for 2018. Several geological features found on the surface of Mars by planetary rovers suggest that a possible extinct biosphere could exist based on similar sources of energy as occurred on Earth. For this reason, analytical instrumental protocols for the detection of isolated biomarkers preserved in suitable geological matrices unequivocally and non-destructively have to be evaluated for future unmanned missions. Raman spectroscopy is currently part of the Pasteur instrumentation suite of the ExoMars mission for the remote detection of extant or extinct life signatures in the Martian surface and subsurface. Terrestrial analogues of Martian sites have been identified and the biogeological modifications resulting from extremophilic survival activity have been studied. Here we present the Raman spectral characterization of several examples of organic compounds which have been recorded using 785 nm, 633 nm and 514 nm laser excitation -polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic acids, chlorophyll and carotenoids. Experimental mixtures of ß-carotene in usnic acid, PAHs in usnic acid and PAHs in mineral matrices have also been investigated. Organic compounds and PAHs located under crystalline minerals samples were identified using a 5x objective lens and 785 nm III excitation. The pure compounds and compound mixtures were also analysed using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of this study indicate that near infrared laser at 785 nm provided the clearest and the most informative spectra due to the reduction of fluorescence emission. Higher energy lasers operating in the visible region have resulted in the emission of significant background fluorescence. Few samples fluoresce even with the use of 785 nm excitation and FT-Raman spectroscopy remains the instrument of choice for the analysis of these samples.
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Pappas, Adlreburg Nickolas. "To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145694.

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This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked.
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Книги з теми "Scanning XRF"

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Saffarini, Ghassan. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and density study of ternary chalcogenide glasses based on Ge-Se and Ge-S. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1991.

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Araújo, Ana Cláudia Vaz de. Síntese de nanopartículas de óxido de ferro e nanocompósitos com polianilina. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-120-2.

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In this work magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through the precipitation method from an aqueous ferrous sulfate solution under ultrasound. A 23 factorial design in duplicate was carried out to determine the best synthesis conditions and to obtain the smallest crystallite sizes. Selected conditions were ultrasound frequency of 593 kHz for 40 min in 1.0 mol L-1 NaOH medium. Average crystallite sizes were of the order of 25 nm. The phase obtained was identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as magnetite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polydisperse particles with dimensions around 57 nm, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed average particle diameters around 29 nm, in the same order of magnitude of the crystallite size determined with Scherrer’s equation. These magnetic nanoparticles were used to obtain nanocomposites with polyaniline (PAni). The material was prepared under exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) or under heating, from dispersions of the nanoparticles in an acidic solution of aniline. Unlike other synthetic routes reported elsewhere, this new route does not utilize any additional oxidizing agent. XRD analysis showed the appearance of a second crystalline phase in all the PAni-Fe3O4 composites, which was indexed as goethite. Furthermore, the crystallite size decreases nearly 50 % with the increase in the synthesis time. This size decrease suggests that the nanoparticles are consumed during the synthesis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the amount of polyaniline increases with synthesis time. The nanocomposite electric conductivity was around 10-5 S cm-1, nearly one order of magnitude higher than for pure magnetite. Conductivity varied with the amount of PAni in the system, suggesting that the electric properties of the nanocomposites can be tuned according to their composition. Under an external magnetic field the nanocomposites showed hysteresis behavior at room temperature, characteristic of ferromagnetic materials. Saturation magnetization (MS) for pure magnetite was ~ 74 emu g-1. For the PAni-Fe3O4 nanocomposites, MS ranged from ~ 2 to 70 emu g-1, depending on the synthesis conditions. This suggests that composition can also be used to control the magnetic properties of the material.
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Частини книг з теми "Scanning XRF"

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Ohlendorf, Christian, Volker Wennrich, and Dirk Enters. "Experiences with XRF-Scanning of Long Sediment Records." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 351–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_13.

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Davies, Sarah J., Henry F. Lamb, and Stephen J. Roberts. "Micro-XRF Core Scanning in Palaeolimnology: Recent Developments." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 189–226. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_7.

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Grove, Craig A., Alberto Rodriguez-Ramirez, Gila Merschel, Rik Tjallingii, Jens Zinke, Adriano Macia, and Geert-Jan A. Brummer. "UV-Spectral Luminescence Scanning: Technical Updates and Calibration Developments." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 563–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_23.

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Kelloway, Sarah J., Colin R. Ward, Christopher E. Marjo, Irene E. Wainwright, and David R. Cohen. "Analysis of Coal Cores Using Micro-XRF Scanning Techniques." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 601–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_25.

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Croudace, Ian W., and R. Guy Rothwell. "Future Developments and Innovations in High-Resolution Core Scanning." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 627–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_27.

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Schillereff, Daniel N., Richard C. Chiverrell, Ian W. Croudace, and John F. Boyle. "An Inter-comparison of µXRF Scanning Analytical Methods for Lake Sediments." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 583–600. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_24.

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Rothwell, R. Guy, and Ian w. Croudace. "Twenty Years of XRF Core Scanning Marine Sediments: What Do Geochemical Proxies Tell Us?" In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 25–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_2.

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Brown, Erik T. "Estimation of Biogenic Silica Concentrations Using Scanning XRF: Insights from Studies of Lake Malawi Sediments." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 267–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_9.

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Balascio, Nicholas L., Pierre Francus, Raymond S. Bradley, Benjamin B. Schupack, Gifford H. Miller, Bjørn C. Kvisvik, Jostein Bakke, and Thorvaldur Thordarson. "Investigating the Use of Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence to Locate Cryptotephra in Minerogenic Lacustrine Sediment: Experimental Results." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 305–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_11.

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Boyle, John F., Richard C. Chiverrell, and Dan Schillereff. "Approaches to Water Content Correction and Calibration for µXRF Core Scanning: Comparing X-ray Scattering with Simple Regression of Elemental Concentrations." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 373–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Scanning XRF"

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Schumacher, Rüdiger, Martin Barth, Dieter Neimke, and Ludwig Niewöhner. "Investigation of gunshot residue patterns using milli-XRF-techniques: first experiences in casework." In Scanning Microscopy 2010, edited by Michael T. Postek, Dale E. Newbury, S. Frank Platek, and David C. Joy. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.853852.

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Leroy, E., S. Mamedov, E. Teboul, A. Whitley, D. Meyer, and L. Casson. "Complementing and adding to SEM performance with the addition of XRF, Raman, CL and PL spectroscopy and imaging." In Scanning Microscopy 2010, edited by Michael T. Postek, Dale E. Newbury, S. Frank Platek, and David C. Joy. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.864236.

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Medjoubi, Kadda, Alain Bonissent, Nicolas Leclercq, Florent Langlois, Pascal Mercère, and Andrea Somogyi. "Simultaneous fast scanning XRF, dark field, phase-, and absorption contrast tomography." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Barry Lai. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2026680.

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Pérez, Carlos A., Juliano F. J. Murari, Gabriel B. Z. L. Moreno, Jackson L. da Silva, and James R. Piton. "Development of fast scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy at the LNLS D09B-XRF beamline." In ICXOM23: International Conference on X-ray Optics and Microanalysis. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4961135.

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Schoepfer, Shane D., Charles M. Henderson, Thomas F. Moslow, and Chen Shen. "EXTREMELY HIGH RESOLUTION XRF CORE SCANNING REVEALS THE EARLY TRIASSIC EVOLUTION OF THE WESTERN PANGAEAN MARGIN." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-356090.

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Penkrot, Michelle L., John M. Jaeger, Leah J. LeVay, and Guillaume St-Onge. "MULTIVARIATE MODELING OF GLACIMARINE LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY USING SCANNING XRF AND MULTISENSORY CORE PROPERTIES VALIDATED WITH CT IMAGERY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282907.

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Ganio, Monica, Stephen Parsons, Seth Parker, Marie Svoboda, Brent Seales, and Catherine Schmidt Patterson. "Unbending light: new computational methods for the correction of 3D effects in scanning XRF (Conference Presentation)." In Optics for Arts, Architecture, and Archaeology VII, edited by Piotr Targowski, Roger Groves, and Haida Liang. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2525038.

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Addison, Jason, Valerie Schwartz, Joseph Carlin, and Amy Wagner. "DEVELOPING A PORTABLE XRF METHOD FOR COASTAL MARINE SEDIMENT CORE SCANNING: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE MONTEREY BAY CONTINENTAL SHELF." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286446.

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Walters, Andrew P., Stephen R. Meyers, Alan R. Carroll, Elizabeth Klonowski, Tim K. Lowenstein, and Matteo Paperini. "CONTINENTAL RESPONSES TO THE EARLY EOCENE CLIMATIC OPTIMUM: A HIGH-RESOLUTION PERSPECTIVE FROM THE GREEN RIVER FORMATION USING XRF CORE SCANNING." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339584.

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Paraschos, Francesca, Stylianos Iliakis, Maria Geraga, Spyros Sergiou, Eleni Kaberi, Sönke Szidat, and Dimitris Sakellariou. "Identifying major paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Red Sea continental shelf with the use of high-resolution XRF-core scanning data." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5354.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Scanning XRF"

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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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