Статті в журналах: "Scale prototype"

1

Song, Kee Nam. "Size Effect of PHE Prototype on High-Temperature Structural Integrity." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.461.

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PHE (Process Heat Exchanger) is a key component for transferring the high-temperature heat generated from a VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor) to a chemical reaction for massive production of hydrogen. Recently, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has manufactured a small-scale and a medium-scale PHE prototype made of Hastelloy-X of high-temperature alloy and a performance test on the PHE prototype is scheduled in a small-scale nitrogen gas loop established at KAERI. In this study, in order to compare the high-temperature structural integrity of the PHE prototypes under the normal test condition of the gas loop, high-temperature structural analyses on the PHE prototypes were carried out and the analyses results were compared to each other. As a result of comparisons, the high-temperature structural integrity of the medium-scale PHE prototype gets worse due to higher thermal expansion by a size effect.

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2

Pardo, Vicente, Maria Piedad Herrera, Jorge Molines, and Josep Ramon Medina. "PLACEMENT GRIDS, POROSITY AND RANDOMNESS OF ARMOR LAYERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.37.

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Armor porosity and armor unit randomness are much easier to control in small-scale models constructed by hand than in prototype. Differences between design and prototype armor porosities and design and armor unit randomness can generate significant model effects. This paper describes realistic 3D placement tests with cube and Cubipod CAUs, using a small-scale crawler crane and pressure clamps. This research aims to estimate workable armor porosities at prototype scale and to determine the prototype placement grids to obtain the armor porosities commonly tested in laboratories. A new methodology based on laser scanning was developed to measure armor unit randomness. This methodology can be applied to both small-scale models and prototypes. Armor Randomness Indexes (ARIs) are proposed to measure the randomness of cube and Cubipod armor units. The ARI values were higher for Cubipods than for cubes.

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3

Cho, Uichung, Alan J. Dutson, Kristin L. Wood, and Richard H. Crawford. "An Advanced Method to Correlate Scale Models With Distorted Configurations." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1825044.

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Functional testing of prototypes is a critical step in the development of many of today’s products. Results of functional tests allow for verification of proper performance before a product is introduced into the market. The advent of rapid prototyping technologies offers engineers the potential to dramatically reduce the prototype-test-verify cycle and get products to market quickly. However, dimensional and material property limitations of rapid prototypes often prevent them from being used for functional testing without the use of similitude methods to correlate measured prototype behavior with predicted product behavior. The traditional similarity method (TSM), which is based on the Buckingham Π theorem, requires that the dimensionless parameters of the prototype and product systems be identical in order to correlate their states and accurately predict product performance. The requirement of identical dimensionless parameters which is inherent in the TSM is often impossible to realize with the limited properties available from rapid prototyping technologies. In order to overcome this limitation, an empirical similarity method (ESM) has been developed. The general concept of the ESM is introduced along with an implementation procedure. Numerical and experimental examples are presented which demonstrate the feasibility and industrial impact of the ESM in the context of product design.

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4

Zhao, Zetao, Suduo Xue, and Xiongyan Li. "Research on the Method of Simplifying Concrete Substructures of Suspen-Dome Prototype Structure in Shaking Table Test Scale Model." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.009.

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This paper proposed and studied the method of simplifying concrete substructures of the suspen-dome prototype structure in shaking table test scale model. Firstly, a method that replaces complex concrete substructures of the suspen-dome prototype structure with steel substructures in shaking table test scale model was proposed. And then, a dynamic integral scale model considering substructures was established. After that, the natural frequencies of the model were obtained by conducting white noise sweep test. Finally, the numerical scaled model was established by ABAQUS software, and the numerical model of the prototype structure was established by Midas/Gen software. The natural frequency, mode shape, and seismic response of the scale model were compared with the prototype structure. It is observed that the natural frequencies of the test scale model were very close to that of the prototype structure after considering the scale ratio, and the scaled model's first five modes were basically consistent with that of the prototype structure. Besides, the difference in acceleration response between the two modes is also small. It is proved that in shaking table test, the method of designing the integral scale model of replacing complex concrete substructures of the prototype structure with steel substructures is accurate and effective. The analysis results provides a reference for researchers and designers to more conveniently establish scaled models of suspen-dome structures in shaking table tests.

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5

Ventresque, Claire, Greg Turner, and Guy Bablon. "Nanofiltration: from prototype to full scale." Journal - American Water Works Association 89, no. 10 (October 1997): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08306.x.

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6

Real, Ricardo, Chris Snider, Mark Goudswaard, and Ben Hicks. "HOW DO PROTOTYPES CHANGE? CHARACTERISING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHANGES BETWEEN PROTOTYPE ITERATIONS." Proceedings of the Design Society 3 (June 19, 2023): 2105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.211.

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AbstractPrototyping strategies and technology often focus on reducing the fabrication time and cost between design iterations, however, there is limited knowledge about the specific characteristics of change that prototyping strategies aim to impact. To investigate, and better understand these characteristics, this study curates and systematically analyses a representative dataset of 50 'real-world' prototype samples. The study aims to explore the various elements that constitute a design change and to determine their impact on the scale of volumetric change detected. The results highlight emergent patterns and correlations between study metrics to better understand the reasons for design change and the frequency and scale of changes detected in the sample dataset. Findings reveal that the purpose of a design change is, in certain cases, highly correlated to the scale of change affected, and that some changes are more prevalent in the dataset than others, with an average volumetric difference of 4.2% between sample versions detected. The study provides an initial characterisation of prototype change to guide iterative prototyping processes and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of design iterations.

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7

Hidayat, T., K. Syamsu, T. C. Sunarti, M. Nurilmala, and L. P. Manalu. "Prelimenary Study Technology Readiness Level and Techno-economic Analysis of Seaweed-Based Soft Capsule Prototypes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1289, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1289/1/012015.

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Abstract Product downstream to be marketable can be seen from the technological and techno-economic readiness level. This research aims to determine the level of technological and techno-economic readiness of the seaweed soft capsule prototype. The method used is to determine TRL (Technology Readiness Level) based on technometers and techno economics by looking at the sensitivity and feasibility of the business. The results show that the readiness level of the seaweed soft capsule prototype technology is at level 7, meaning that it has been scaled up but several parameters in industrial scale scale-up must be improved. For the feasibility techno-economic analysis of the seaweed soft capsule prototype, the Net B/C result was obtained with a value of 1.64. The NPV results obtained were 4,621,393,281, with an IRR of 33%. The payback period is estimated to be 3.01 years. The level of technological readiness and feasibility results show that the development of soft capsule prototypes for downstream commercialization has good prospects, as long as the availability of raw materials is guaranteed.

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8

Song, Kee-Nam, Sung-Deok Hong, and Hong-Yoon Park. "High-Temperature Structural Analysis of a Small-Scale PHE Prototype under the Test Condition of a Small-Scale Gas Loop." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/312080.

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A process heat exchanger (PHE) is a key component for transferring the high-temperature heat generated from a very high-temperature reactor (VHTR) to a chemical reaction for the massive production of hydrogen. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has designed and assembled a small-scale nitrogen gas loop for a performance test on VHTR components and has manufactured a small-scale PHE prototype made of Hastelloy-X alloy. A performance test on the PHE prototype is underway in the gas loop, where different kinds of pipelines connecting to the PHE prototype are tested for reducing the thermal stress under the expansion of the PHE prototype. In this study, to evaluate the high-temperature structural integrity of the PHE prototype under the test condition of the gas loop, a realistic and effective boundary condition imposing the stiffness of the pipelines connected to the PHE prototype was suggested. An equivalent spring stiffness to reduce the thermal stress under the expansion of the PHE prototype was computed from the bending deformation and expansion of the pipelines connected to the PHE. A structural analysis on the PHE prototype was also carried out by imposing the suggested boundary condition. As a result of the analysis, the structural integrity of the PHE prototype seems to be maintained under the test condition of the gas loop.

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9

Li, Zhiyang, Wenyu Qu, Yuan Cao, Heng Qi, Milos Stojmenovic, and Jia Hu. "Scale balance for prototype-based binary quantization." Pattern Recognition 106 (October 2020): 107409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107409.

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10

Fischer, H. M., M. Hauschild, H. Hartmann, A. Hegerath, H. Boerner, H. J. Burckhart, M. Dittmar, et al. "The OPAL jet chamber full scale prototype." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 252, no. 2-3 (December 1986): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(86)91202-7.

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11

Dibattista, Mark T., Andrew J. Majda, and Bruce Turkington. "Prototype geophysical vortex structuresvialarge-scale statistical theory." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 89, no. 3-4 (December 1998): 235–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091929808203687.

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12

Angkotasan, Muhamad Arabi Rizki, Aris Wahyu Murdiyanto, Arif Himawan, and Fajar Syahruddin. "Desain User Interface Dan User Experience Prototype Mobile Learning Menggunakan Metode Design Thinking Metode Design Thinking." Teknomatika: Jurnal Informatika dan Komputer 16, no. 2 (December 8, 2023): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/teknomatika.v16i2.1254.

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Abstract - Do Up uses the website as online learning. users complain about the accessibility of the website with some minimal features and an unattractive UI when accessed via a smartphone will make the UX limited and will limit user interaction in using Do Up. Designing UI and UX prototypes of mobile learning at startup Do Up, using the design thinking method to solve problems and find the right solution according to the user's wishes. The author applies design thinking in this research. The author makes an illustration in the form of a Do Up mobile learning UI design that is in accordance with user needs and provides the design to Do Up stakeholders. In SEQ there are 4 scales given by users, namely 4.5, 6 and 7 scale. Most users give a 7 scale on the UI/UX design of the Do Up mobile learning prototype. On SUS which shows that the final score is 87 It means that the prototype has been well received by the users. The author has applied design thinking which consists of empathize, define, ideate, prototype and test stages in this study.

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13

Yazdi, Ali Amin, and Jalil Rezaeepazhand. "Structural Similitude for Vibration of Delaminated Composite Beam-Plates." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.749.

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This study describes the establishment of similarity conditions among structural systems. The main objective of this research is to study the applicability of similitude theory in establishing necessary similarity conditions for designing scaled down models for predicting the vibration behavior of delaminated composite beam-plates. The results presented herein indicate that, for vibration response of delaminated plates, based on structural similitude, a set of scaling laws can be found to establish necessary structural similitude and design rules for small scale models. For models with the same material properties and stacking sequence as prototype, distorted models with different delamination length than those of prototype can predict the behavior of the prototypes with good accuracy.

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14

Susilawati, Susilawati, and Azhis Sholeh Buchori. "Design and Application of Special Service Tools (SST) for Telescopic Front Fork." Automotive Experiences 2, no. 2 (August 4, 2019): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.v2i2.2706.

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Although simple, removing the front fork telescopic (TFF) seal on a motorcycle without special service tools (SST) can cause work accidents for mechanics and loss for consumers and workshops. Therefore, product development research has been carried out to design a seal remover for TFF. Then, a TRL measurement using Techno-meter was done on the prototype that has been developed. A quick measurement by Techno-meter shows that the prototype has reached level 6 (intermediate), where the prototype has been demonstrated/tested in a relevant environment. In conclusion, through continued work (reviewing products, improvising, and testing prototypes on a larger scale), this prototype promises to be mass-produced as downstream of research products to the market.

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15

Chen, Ling, Xuan Wang, Baiyi Li, and Peng Lin. "Experimental Study of Scale Effect in Tunnel Fires at Different Sealing Ratios." Fire 6, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6030092.

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Fully or partially sealing the openings of tunnels to accelerate the self-extinction of fires provides a promising firefighting tactic to beat large fires in a long tunnel. So far, most experimental studies on the characteristics of fire with different sealing ratios have been conducted in reduced-scale tunnels. However, whether the findings in a reduced-scale tunnel can be converted to its full-scale prototype tunnel based on scaling laws has not yet been adequately studied. A series of experiments with heat-release rates of 15.8, 31.6 and 63.2 kW were conducted with sealing ratios ranging from 0% to 100% in a prototype tunnel measuring 20 m long, 0.9 m wide and 0.46 m high. The experimental results were compared with those from a 1/2 reduced-scale tunnel measuring 10 m long, 0.45 m wide and 0.23 m high. It showed that temperature rise along the tunnel in the 1/2 reduced-tunnel could be significantly underestimated. The differences in temperature rise increased monotonously with distance away from the fire seat, and they were as high as 70% at the tunnel portals, irrespective of the heat-release rates and sealing ratios. The study showed that the scale effect of fires was not sensitive to the Reynolds number of flows in tunnels. The minimal sealing ratio for the self-extinction of fires in the prototype tunnel was 85%, whilst it was 75% in the 1/2 reduced-scale tunnel, and the study revealed that the fires were much easier to extinguish in the 1/2 reduced-scale tunnel than those in the prototype tunnel, where the fires can sustain in a lower oxygen concentration. The study demonstrated that scaling laws could be invalid for tunnel fires with different sealing ratios and that results observed in reduced-scale tunnels should be further verified when applied to full-scale prototypes.

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16

Riveros Nieto, Daniel E. "Design of a marine propeller for scale racing boats in a speed and energy efficiency contest." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 14, no. 28 (January 31, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.213.

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The process of optimized design, evaluation and manufacturing of high energy efficiency propellers for competition boats at scale is addressed in this research. This project uses the stages of hydrodynamic design, numerical testing and manufacturing of four prototypes as example. During the hydrodynamic design, three design methodologies were compared, namely: Blade Element Theory, lifting line theory and design based on DTMB propeller series. The objective function of the optimized design is based on obtaining the chord and pitch distribution that generates the greatest thrust, speed and efficiency. Similarly, the performance of each prototype was evaluated by CFD in a virtual channel registering thrust, torque and speed. Finally, the additive manufacturing process applied is presented. Prototyped propellers present efficiencies and maximum speeds approximately 15% higher than recommended commercial propellers for this type of boats. This study was developed by the Hydrometra group in the framework of the international competition Hydrocontest 2017.

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17

Fatikhin, Achmad Choirul, Muhamad Arif Mahdiannur, Fitriana Afianto Putri, and Hasan Subekti. "Pengembangan Prototipe Alat Peraga Styrofoam Sirkulasi Peredaran Darah Manusia pada Pembelajaran IPA SMP." JURNAL PENELITIAN PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA DAN SAINS 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jppms.v7n1.p29-36.

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One of the obstacles for students when studying the human circulatory system is the difficulty of students in distinguishing the large circulatory system and the small circulatory system. The purpose of developing the prototype of props is to make students better understand in real and detailed terms about the blood circulation process in the human body, so far, students have only used images as visual media, and students can be motivated and learning is not spared, so that student learning outcomes can improve. The purpose of making a circulatory system model of children's learning motivation is to provide a concrete picture of information and new ideas and unite the material that the teacher will convey to the knowledge that will be given to the child, so that the material presented by the teacher can be well received by students. Props are made using styrofoam material, which is designed in such an attractive way to be representative of human blood circulation. This research is part of design-research with small-scale class trials. A small-scale trial of a prop prototype involved seven junior high school students in Bojonegoro Regency, East Java. After being given an explanation and participants tried the prop prototype, they were given a questionnaire to measure students' interest and motivation for the prototype props that had been developed previously. The result obtained from this study is that students have new experiences by learning to use props. Participants were very interested and motivated in using prototypes of human circulatory circulation styrofoam props. The results of small-scale trials indicate that the props prototypes that have been developed are suitable for use in large-scale trials. Keywords: Teaching aids, blood circulation, science learning

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18

Xu, Jie, Guangyong Wang, and Renjie Liu. "On the Similarity Relationship between the Structural-Steel Prototype and the 304-Stainless-Steel Dynamic Scale Model." Buildings 13, no. 12 (November 28, 2023): 2966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122966.

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Due to the size limitations of shaking tables, dynamic scale models of large-span space structures for engineering have small cross-sections and thin wall thicknesses. It is difficult to use the structural steels commonly used in prototypes to make dynamic scale models. In this paper, 304 stainless steel is proposed for making the scale model, and the similarity relationship between the structural-steel prototype and the 304-stainless-steel dynamic scale model was studied. Firstly, a uniaxial test was conducted to study the elastic modulus similarity and the yielding stress similarity. The test results demonstrated that the elastic modulus similarity ratio was 1:1, and the stress similarity ratios of the 304 stainless steel and the three typical structural steels were 1:1 (Q235 steel), 1:1.5 (Q355 steel) and 1:1.8 (Q420 steel). Then, the similarities of other variables were derived using the dimensional analysis method. In the end, a numerical analysis was conducted to verify the similarity relationship between the structural-steel prototype and the 304-stainless-steel dynamic scale model. In the numerical analysis, a single-layer spherical reticulated shell structure and a dynamic scale model with a length similarity ratio of 1:20 were established by using the ABAQUS 2021 software, and the node displacement, the element internal force and natural vibration characteristics were analyzed. The results show that standard deviations of the displacements, the internal forces and the natural vibration frequencies between the prototype and the scale model were within 5%. It turns out that the proposed similarity between the structural-steel prototype and the 304-stainless-steel dynamic scale model was applicable in the elastic stage. The findings provide a reference for designing a dynamic scale model of large-span space structures for engineering by using 304 stainless steel.

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19

Vicente Leitao, P., G. Aglieri Rinella, S. Bugiel, L. Cecconi, J. L. A. de Melo, G. De Robertis, W. Deng, et al. "Development of a Stitched Monolithic Pixel Sensor prototype (MOSS chip) towards the ITS3 upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking system." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): C01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/c01044.

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Abstract The MOnolithic Stitched Sensor (MOSS) is a development prototype chip towards the ITS3 vertexing detector for the ALICE experiment at the LHC. Designed using a 65 nm CMOS Imaging technology, it aims at profiting from the stitching technique to construct a single-die monolithic pixel detector of 1.4 cm × 26 cm. The MOSS prototype is one of the prototypes developed within the CERN-EP R&D framework to learn how to make stitched wafer-scale sensors with satisfactory yield. This contribution will describe some of the design challenges of a stitched pixel sensor and the techniques adopted during the development of this prototype.

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20

Altaee, Ameir, and Bengt H. Fellenius. "Physical modeling in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-049.

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Small-scale testing under 1 g conditions as well as in the centrifuge presupposes that a model and prototype have comparative behavior. The chief condition for agreement between model and prototype is that the initial soil states of both must be at equal proximity to the steady state line. Then, when stresses are normalized to the initial mean stress, the model will in all aspects behave similarly to the prototype. Scaling rules are presented that indicate the relations between stress, strain, and displacement for the model and the prototype in terms of geometric scale and stress scale. An obvious limit of scales is imposed by that the soil in the model can be no looser than the maximum void ratio. Similarly, it must not be denser than a value that corresponds to a prototype soil at the minimum void ratio. Three main areas of application of the approach in engineering practice are identified: design of representative 1 g small-scale model tests; reanalysis of data from conventional small-scale tests; and improving the versatility of centrifuge facilities in recognition of the fact that the centrifuge test does not need to be performed at equal levels of stress, when designed according to the new approach. Key words : physical modeling, sand, scaling relations, steady state, centrifuge testing.

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21

Song, Kee Nam. "High-Temperature Structural Analysis on the Small-Scale PHE Prototype." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.465.

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PHE (Process Heat Exchanger) is a key component for transferring the high-temperature heat generated from a VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor) to a chemical reaction for massive production of hydrogen. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has established a small-scale nitrogen gas loop for the performance test on VHTR components and has manufactured a small-scale PHE prototype made of Hastelloy-X of high-temperature alloy. A performance test on the PHE prototype is underway in the gas loop. In this study, in order to evaluate the high-temperature structural integrity of the PHE prototype under the test condition of the gas loop, structural analysis on the PHE prototype was carried out to gauge the stiffness of pipelines connected to the PHE prototype in the gas loop.

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22

Hidayat, Andra Dwitama, Ratna Frenty Nurkhalim, and Nurhadi Nurhadi. "EVALUASI KEBERMANFAATAN APLIKASI SALVE MENGGUNAKAN METODE SYSTEM USABILITY SCALE (SUS)." Jurnal Wiyata: Penelitian Sains dan Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.56710/wiyata.v9i2.599.

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Latar belakang: Salve merupakan media penyalur bagi seseorang yang ingin relaksasi, berbincang dengan mahasiswa psikologi (konselor sebaya) atau memiliki masalah kejiwaan yang tidak ingin untuk diketahui oleh orang lain ataupun malu melakukan konsultasi secara langsung kepada psikolog. Tujuan: Prototype aplikasi Salve akan dilakukan pengujian kualitas aplikasi. Metode: Pengukuran kualitas suatu aplikasi dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur nilai usability. Evaluasi atau pengukuran kualitas aplikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik usability testing yaitu pengujian kebermanfaatan menggunakan metode kuesioner System Usability Scale (SUS). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitafif dengan melakukan survei dan mengumpulkan data primer melalui penyebaran kuesioner terhadap pengguna sistem informasi sebagai responden. Hasil: rata-rata skor SUS untuk prototype aplikasi Salve adalah 70,13. Sehingga dapat dikatakan prototype aplikasi Salve termasuk dalam kategori acceptable. Menurut responden tampilan dan desain prototype aplikasi Salve sudah cukup baik, cukup update dan informatif. Pada skala adjective, prototype aplikasi Salve termasuk dalam kategori Good. Simpulan: Untuk mencapai nilai Excellent prototype aplikasi Salve akan didesain dengan lebih menarik lagi, dilakukan penambahan fitur dan perubahan informasi biaya layanan.

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23

Smirnov, Evgeny, Nikita Garaev, Vasiliy Galyuk, and Evgeny Lukyanets. "Prototype Memory for Large-Scale Face Representation Learning." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 12031–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3146059.

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24

Ponce Saldías, Daniel Alejandro, Daniel Martins, Carlos Martin, Fabíola Da Silva Rosa, Carlos Rodrigo de Mello Roesler, and Ari Digiácomo Ocampo Moré. "Development of a scale prototype of isokinetic dynamometer." Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-33052015000200005.

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25

Grigoryev, K., F. Rathmann, A. Stahl, and H. Ströher. "Electrostatic deflector studies using small-scale prototype electrodes." Review of Scientific Instruments 90, no. 4 (April 2019): 045124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5086862.

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26

Armanini, A., M. Righetti, and P. Grisenti. "Direct measurement of vegetation resistance in prototype scale." Journal of Hydraulic Research 43, no. 5 (September 2005): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221680509500146.

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27

Sotelo, G. G., D. H. N. Dias, O. J. Machado, E. D. David, R. de Andrade, R. M. Stephan, and G. C. Costa. "Experiments in a real scale maglev vehicle prototype." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 234, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 032054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/234/3/032054.

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28

Grancagnolo, F. "Full scale prototype of the KLOE drift chamber." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 367, no. 1-3 (December 1995): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00742-3.

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Nahak, Andre Marce, Kho Hie Khwee, and Danial Danial. "DESIGN OF LABORATORY-SCALE ARCHIMEDES SCREW TURBINE PROTOTYPE." Journal of Electrical Engineering, Energy, and Information Technology (J3EIT) 11, no. 3 (December 5, 2023): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j3eit.v11i3.68509.

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The number of blades and helix range in the helical turbine are considered as internal parameters, while the outer radius of the turbine, turbine length, and turbine shaft inclination are regarded as external parameters. Both of these parameters define the geometric characteristics of the helical turbine. The geometric configuration of the Archimedes turbine can be determined using the formulation by Chris Rorres. The designed prototype of the Archimedes turbine has the following specifications: a total of 3 blades (N), an inner diameter (Di) of 11.4 cm, an outer diameter (Do) of 21.28 cm, a turbine length (L) of 80 cm, a screw pitch (Λ) of 25.53 cm, a number of turns (Z) of 3, and a turbine weight of 10.80 kg, with a turbine shaft inclination angle of 30°. From the research findings, the highest turbine performance was achieved at a water discharge of 0.006 m^3/s, resulting in a generated voltage of 41.02 V with a turbine rotation speed of 309.3 rpm.In this research, the experimental method was used, which involved testing the turbine performance by varying the water discharge under both unloaded and loaded conditions (load simulated using a lamp). Throughout the research process, each test data was recorded and analyzed using relevant formulas, and the results were presented in the form of graphs to facilitate drawing conclusions. From the research findings, the best turbine voltage regulation occurred at a water discharge of 0.0026 m^3/s, resulting in a voltage regulation of 22.38%.

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Prayogo, Johan Suryo, Rony Kriswibowo, Putri Ariatna Alia, Rusina Widha Febriana, and Agung Budi Setyawan. "PERANCANGAN ULANG DESAIN UI/UX WEBSITE UNIVERSITAS DENGAN METODE DESIGN THINKING." Journal of Information Systems Management and Digital Business 1, no. 4 (July 3, 2024): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.59407/jismdb.v1i4.775.

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Website universitas adalah wajah pertama universitas yang dilihat oleh masyarakat. website universitas juga berisi informasi-informasi penting bagi calon mahasiswa, mahasiswa dan masyarakat pada umumnya, sehingga penting agar website mempunyai user interface dan user experience yang baik. penelitian ini melakukan pengujian usability terhadap website universitas menggunakan metode System Usability Scale (SUS) dan hasil perhitungan dengan SUS mendapatkan nilai < 50. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut makan dilakukan perancangan ulang desain UI/UX kepada website dengan menggunakan metode Design Thinking. Terdapat 5 tahapan dalam metode Design Thinking, yaitu Emphatize, Define, Ideate, Prototype dan Test. Pada tahap Emphatize adalah melakukan wawancara kepada 10 responden, hasil wawancara menjadi Pain Pont. Tahap Define adalah pembuatan User Persona, berdasarkan User Persona maka pada tahap Ideate adalah pembuatan desain low-fidelity atau pembuatan Wireframe. Berdasarkan wireframe maka pada tahap Prototype adalah pembuatan desain hi-fidelity dan pembuatan prototipe. Pada tahap Test adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap prototipe yang sudah dibuat menggunakan metode System Usability Scale, dan hasil penilaian dengan SUS didapatkan nilai prototipe adalah 74,8. Nilai pengujian usability meningkat setelah melakukan desain ulang UI/UX website menggunakan metode Design Thinking.

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Tan, Xiao Jing, and Bin Wu. "Substructure Pseudo-Dynamic Testing of a Full-Scale Confined Masonry Building." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2566.

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The seismic behavior of a single-story ten-bay confined masonry structure was investigated using substructure pseudo-dynamic tests. Only one bay of the prototype was regarded as the test model and the remainder was regarded as numerical model. The test results show that the test model withstood, with slight damage, strong earthquakes with peak ground acceleration of 1600 gal. It is found that prototypes of the tested type exhibited satisfactory seismic performance. Hence, the confinement can be reduced if the budget of the building is limited.

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32

Pirone, Marianna, Alfredo Reder, Guido Rianna, Luca Pagano, Marco Valerio Nicotera, and Gianfranco Urciuoli. "Laboratory and Physical Prototype Tests for the Investigation of Hydraulic Hysteresis of Pyroclastic Soils." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080320.

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Proper soil water retention curves (SWRCs) are necessary for a fair analysis of groundwater flow in unsaturated slopes. The question is whether hydraulic parameters operating in situ can be reliably determined from laboratory tests or physical prototype models in order to interpret and predict soil water distributions in the field. In this paper, some results obtained by tests at different scales (testing on laboratory specimens and a physical prototype) are presented to explore the hydraulic behavior of pyroclastic soils. A theoretical interpretation of the observed behavior in the laboratory and using a physical prototype is proposed by adopting the hysteretic model of Lenhard and Parker. For each tested soil, the main hysteretic loop determined by interpreting experimental tests (at laboratory and prototype scales) overlaps with paths detected by coupling the field measurements of matric suction and water content collected at the site at the same depth. From these results, the physical prototype (medium scale) and the soil specimen (small scale) seem to be acceptable for determinations of SWRC, provided that the air entrapment value is well known.

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Song, Kee Nam, S. D. Hong, and H. Y. Park. "Comparisons of High-Temperature Structural Analysis Results on the Medium-Scale PHE Prototype under the Steady-State and Trip Conditions of a Small-Scale Gas Loop." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.5.

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PHE (Process Heat Exchanger) is a key component for transferring the high-temperature heat generated from a VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor) to a chemical reaction for massive production of hydrogen. Recently, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has manufactured a medium-scale PHE prototype made of Hastelloy-X of high-temperature alloy and a performance test on the PHE prototype is scheduled in a small-scale nitrogen gas loop established at KAERI. In this study, in order to evaluate the high-temperature structural integrity of the PHE prototype under the steady-state and trip conditions of the gas loop before the performance test on the PHE prototype, elastic and elastic-plastic structural analyses on the PHE prototype were carried out and the analyses results were compared each other.

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Xu, Qiang, Jianyun Chen, Bo Liu, and Jing Li. "Investigation of Non-fully Similar Laws of Damage to an Arch Dam in Shaking Table Model Tests." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 11 (November 2020): 168781402097449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020974498.

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In order to overcome the defect that the general shaking table test can’t clarify the scale relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area based on the fully similar laws, we derived a method that can analyze the relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area based on non-fully similar lows and verified it. We selected the appropriate material (the emulation concrete material, ECM), which has a good scale relationship with the prototype material in the elastic stage, the crack appearance stage, and crack propagation stage (damage stage). We proposed some similar ratios to reveal the similar relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the elastic stage, the crack appearance stage, and the crack propagation stage. Especially, we proposed two similar ratios: cr and hr (deduced by the fracture toughness similarity requirements and the fracture energy similarity requirements, respectively) which can well reflect the similar relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area. In order to verify these ratios, we compared the results of the prototype structure numerical simulation with those of the shaking table test of the scale model. The results show that hr has higher accuracy for predicting the relationship between the prototype structure and the scale model in the damaged area.

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Sumer, Ali, Robert B. Fleischman, and Nathan J. Palmer. "Development of a Cast Modular Connector for Seismic-Resistant Steel Moment Frames Part II: Experimental Verification." Engineering Journal 44, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v44i3.915.

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A companion paper (Development of a Cast Modular Connector for Seismic-Resistant Steel Frames, Part 1: Prototype Development) describes the development of a prototype design for a cast modular connector (MC) for seismic-resistant steel moment frames. The eventual design, termed the MC "Beta"ť prototype design, was developed through a comprehensive analytical program that focused on the monotonic response of isolated connectors. Analyses of the MC Beta prototype design indicate the potential for excellent ductility and energy dissipation characteristics. This paper focuses on the prototyping and experimental verification of the MC Beta prototype. Steel foundry industry partners cast the MC Beta prototype at approximately half-scale. The scaled MC Beta prototype was tested in isolated fashion under monotonic and cyclic loading. The experimental results confirmed the performance of the analytically-based designs. The MC Beta prototype exhibited exceptional performance in terms of stable energy dissipation, far exceeding qualifying rotational ductility capacities. In direct comparisons to a WT (structural tee) section of similar stiffness and strength, the MC Beta prototype possessed greatly enhanced ductility and energy dissipation characteristics. With the MC Beta prototype developed and experimentally verified under isolated conditions, future work involves comprehensive analytical evaluation and full-scale experimental verification of beam-to-column joints containing the MC using accepted testing protocols and developing a design procedure for moment frames using the MC.

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Ma, Shang, Yeqing Chen, Zhenqing Wang, Jianhui Wang, Linmei Lyu, and Wanli Wei. "Similarity Law between Centrifuge Scale Test and Prototype Underwater Explosion." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8582026.

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Shock wave and bubble pulsation caused by underwater explosion destroy the hydraulic structure. However, the realization of the underwater explosion prototype test is restricted by many factors, such as the site environment. Furthermore, the repeatability of the test scheme is not strong. The centrifuge scale test provides a new way of studying the damage degree of the structure under the action of underwater explosion. The similarity relationship refers to the bridge between the scaled model and the prototype, which cannot achieve complete similarity in practice. The centrifuge-scaled model test is performed by increasing the acceleration of a certain multiple. Meanwhile, the model reduces the corresponding ratio in the geometric layout to achieve the geometric similarity with the prototype test. Therefore, the applicability of the centrifuge scaling method in the study of the dynamic response of the structure in underwater explosion needs to be explored further. In this work, the underwater explosion scaling test numerical model for 1 g RDX (equivalent to 1.62 g TNT) charge under different centrifugal acceleration conditions is established, and the calculation results of underwater pressure and dynamic response of the steel plate are compared with the centrifuge test results. A prototype model is established to study the similarity relationship between the centrifuge scale test and the prototype model when the steel plate structure is in the stage of small deformation and linear elasticity. The application of the similarity ratio in the scale test of underwater explosion the centrifuge is discussed. The application of the centrifuge in the study of the failure response of the hydraulic structure in underwater explosion is expanded by establishing the model and comparing with the experimental results.

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Wiklund, Michael E., Christopher Thurrott, and Joseph S. Dumas. "Does the Fidelity of Software Prototypes Affect the Perception of Usability?" Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 4 (October 1992): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203600429.

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The objective of this study was to investigate whether the aesthetic refinement of a software prototype is related to subjects' ratings of the usability of the prototype. We purchased a commercially available electronic device offering the functions of dictionary, calculator, and thesaurus (hereafter referred to as the Dictionary). We created four user interface prototypes of the Dictionary using line art, half-tone, gray scale, and color images of the product. The prototypes varied in the degree to which the displayed image resembled the physical look of the real product in terms of depth, tone, color, etc. All of the prototypes were interactive in that subjects could, with a mouse, make the prototypes operate like the Dictionary. Five groups of ten subjects each then made their ratings and performed tasks using either one of the prototypes or the Dictionary. The subjects rated ease of learning and use, forgiveness of mistakes, and aesthetics for the version they used, before and after performing tasks. Subjects who used a prototype also repeated a task using the real product and compared the two in terms of similarity of interaction and aesthetics. The results indicated that the aesthetic quality of prototypes within the range we varied did not bias users for or against the prototype's perceived usability. However, we learned that half-tone prototypes should be avoided when their coarse shadings decrease legibility. In addition, we found that making prototypes mimic the response time of a product or a design concept is important. When the real product produces slower response times, prototype performance may give an overly optimistic picture of the product's usability.

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38

Brekke, Edmund F., Egil Eide, Bjørn-Olav H. Eriksen, Erik F. Wilthil, Morten Breivik, Even Skjellaug, Øystein K. Helgesen, et al. "milliAmpere: An Autonomous Ferry Prototype." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2311, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2311/1/012029.

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Abstract In this paper, we summarize the experiences with the autonomous passenger ferry development prototype milliAmpere, which has been used as a test platform in several research projects at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) since 2017. New algorithms for motion planning, motion control, collision avoidance, docking, multi-target tracking and localization have been developed and verified in full-scale experiments with milliAmpere. The infrastructure surrounding milliAmpere includes several sensor rigs supporting research on multi-sensor fusion and situational awareness, and a shore control lab which can be used to study the interaction between human operators and the autonomous ferry. Building upon the experiences with milliAmpere, the full-scale autonomous ferry milliAmpere2 was recently launched.

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Moss, Robb Eric S., and Victor A. Crosariol. "Scale Model Shake Table Testing of an Underground Tunnel Cross Section in Soft Clay." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 4 (November 2013): 1413–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/070611eqs162m.

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Underground structures exist in many active earthquake regions, but empirical data of the seismic behavior of these structures is very limited. This research works toward filling that empirical data gap with scale model shake table testing. Underground seismic soil-structure interaction (USSSI) effects were investigated for a stiff tunnel embedded within soft clay. Young Bay mud was used as a prototype soil for developing a scale model soil mixture. A Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) cut-and-cover subway tunnel was used as the prototype for the one-tenth scale model subway cross section. The flexible wall test container in these tests allowed the soil to deform in simple shear. Similitude analysis scaled critical variables to properly capture prototype behavior at the model scale subjected to 1-g shake table testing. The measured horizontal “racking” distortions of the model structure compared to numerical analyses suggest that current simplified design methods may overestimate distortions in soft-soil/stiff-structure situations.

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Cirillo, Carolyn, and Jason Rosenblatt. "Piloting: Adopting a prototype mindset for today’s workplace." Corporate Real Estate Journal 14, no. 1 (September 1, 2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.69554/esyr5368.

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This paper is designed to help corporate real estate (CRE) leaders adopt a ‘learning by doing’ approach to workplace strategy and design to improve employee experiences and organisational outcomes. While the COVID-19 pandemic has brought lingering uncertainty relative to the future of the physical office, it has also spawned a spirit of openness to change and a willingness to experiment. In this paper, we discuss ways to learn by doing at various scales, with a focus on the largest-scale methodology: piloting. We show how pilots provide a low-risk approach to introduce flexible work policies and new ways of working within a sustainable financial model. We demonstrate that by generating data and insights, pilots can drive plans to scale and inform future space types within the larger real estate portfolio. This paper draws upon years of research and exploration conducted by MillerKnoll brands and our customers on pilots of varied types and scales. It provides a roadmap to implement a pilot, including questions to ask, selection criteria for teams, and locations and methodologies to measure success. Case studies illustrate various approaches and results achieved.

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Song, Kee Nam, Eung Seon Kim, and S. Y. Jang. "High-Temperature Structural Analysis of a Lab-Scale Alloy 800HT PCHE." Key Engineering Materials 713 (September 2016): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.713.280.

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The IHX (Intermediate Heat Exchanger) of a VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor) transfers 950°C heat generated from the VHTR to a hydrogen production plant. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has manufactured a lab-scale Alloy 800HT PCHE (Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger) prototype under consideration as a candidate of the IHX (Intermediate Heat Exchanger). In this study, as a part of a structural integrity evaluation of the PCHE prototype, an elasto-plastic structural analysis including a thermal analysis was carried out under the designed test conditions of the PCHE prototype in a helium experimental loop (HELP). The analysis results were reflected to re-design the pipeline layout of HELP and to determine the actual test conditions of the PCHE prototype in the re-designed HELP in view of experimental safety.

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42

Rezaeepazhand, Jalil. "Structural Similitude for Buckling of Delaminated Beams." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.609.

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A significant amount of research has been conducted on the buckling behavior of delaminated composite laminates. However, none of the investigations has been focused on establishing similarity and scaling laws for buckling response of composite laminated with delamination. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the applicability of similitude theory in designing scaled down models for predicting the buckling behavior of delaminated laminated beam subjected to uni-axial compression. The results presented herein indicate that, for buckling response of delaminated beam-plates, based on structural similitude, a set of scaling laws can be found which use to develop design rules for small scale models. For models with the same material properties and stacking sequence as prototype, distorted models with different number of delaminations, delamination length and depth than those of the prototype can predict the behavior of the prototypes with good accuracy.

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43

Storozhenko, L. I., and G. M. Hasii. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF FULL-SCALE STEEL AND CONCRETE COMPOSITE CABLE SPACE FRAME PROTOTYPE." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 49 (October 17, 2017): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.854.

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The article describes the main features of experimental studies methodology of new space systems constructive solutions effectiveness. Research methodology is developed by the example of full-scale prototype of the steel and concrete composite cable space frame, which consists of space steel and concrete composite modules and flexible bottom chord. Methodology for study stress-strain state of the prototype by testing in the uniform load applied to nodes is developed. It also provides the nodes displacement definition of the prototype. According to the developed technique, stressed state of full-scale prototype of the steel and concrete composite cable space frame was studied with tensionmetric and photogrammetric methods. Equipment and devices arrangement schemes for measuring deformations and displacements of the full-scale steel and concrete composite cable space frames prototype are presented.

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44

Altunışık, Ahmet C., Ebru Kalkan, and Hasan Basri Başağa. "Creation of Similarity Requirement with Field Equations in Steel Bearing Systems." Open Civil Engineering Journal 12, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501812010134.

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Introduction: This paper aimed to determine the structural behavior of steel bearing systems by creating similarity conditions with field equations. Scaling plays a crucial role in designing experiments aimed at understanding the structural behavior of systems where experimental studies are difficult to perform due to huge structures in the profession of engineering field. Scaling can be performed by using dimensional analysis or by normalizing differential equations that describe the dynamics of the system. If a model and prototype are dimensionally similar, it is possible to estimate experimental results from model to prototype. Methods: The use of scaled models is common on engineering applications because these models allow conducting experimental tests without the need of a physical system (i.e. prototype) to be constructed. Considering these advantages mentioned in this study, it is formed a similarity relation between prototype and scaled models of different steel bearing systems is established. Similarity relationships between systems are created by field equations. As an example, column and cantilever beams were selected and 1/2 and 1/4 scale procedure was applied. Results and Conclusion: The results obtained by finite element models in SAP2000 program for each system were compared with analytical results. The analysis results were examined and it was determined that scale factors are constant depending on scale types for different bearing systems. In addition, the influence diagrams of the systems were also examined and it was observed that the scale factor was fixed.

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Esmaeili, Taymaz, Tetsuya Sumi, Sameh A. Kantoush, and Yoji Kubota. "Free-Flow Sediment Flushing: Insights from Prototype-Scale Studies." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0677.

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Free-flow sediment flushing operation offers viable means to preserve the storage capacity of dam reservoirs as the incoming flood erodes the flushing channel, and the deposited sediment is flushed from the reservoir. This method involves complex flow patterns and flushing channel formation procedures owing to the dynamic interaction between varying flow conditions (e.g., shallow and deep flows) and moveable bed variations notably when the non-uniform sediments exist in the complex geometry of reservoirs. In the present study, first, the numerical simulation of a previously conducted free-flow sediment flushing operation in the Dashidaira and the target segment of Unazuki reservoirs using the available field-measured data were presented. Then, to improve the flushing efficiency in the Dashidaira reservoir, the effects of using a groyne were studied. A fully 3D numerical model using the finite volume method in combination with a wetting/draying algorithm was utilized to reproduce the flow velocity field and morphological bed changes. While the characteristics of the flow field can be captured by the numerical model in Dashidaira and Unazuki reservoirs, simulated bed changes in upstream areas covered with the coarser materials (e.g., study zone of Unazuki reservoir) showed some discrepancies. The outcomes also revealed that implementing a groyne at the entrance of the wide midstream of Dashidaira reservoir can locally increase the sediment erosion chance from this area and thereby can improve the flushing efficiency by approximately 10%. Therefore, the risks associated with the accumulation of distorted sediments in the wide midstream of Dashidaira reservoir within a long-term period could be reduced.

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Lintner, Benjamin R., Pierre Gentine, Kirsten L. Findell, Fabio D’Andrea, Adam H. Sobel, and Guido D. Salvucci. "An Idealized Prototype for Large-Scale Land–Atmosphere Coupling." Journal of Climate 26, no. 7 (April 1, 2013): 2379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00561.1.

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Abstract A process-based, semianalytic prototype model for understanding large-scale land–atmosphere coupling is developed here. The metric for quantifying the coupling is the sensitivity of precipitation P to soil moisture W, . For a range of prototype parameters typical of conditions found over tropical or summertime continents, the sensitivity measure exhibits a broad minimum at intermediate soil moisture values. This minimum is attributed to a trade-off between evaporation (or evapotranspiration) E and large-scale moisture convergence across the range of soil moisture states. For water-limited, low soil moisture conditions, is dominated by evaporative sensitivity , reflecting high potential evaporation Ep arising from relatively warm surface conditions and a moisture-deficient atmospheric column under dry surface conditions. By contrast, under high soil moisture (or energy limited) conditions, becomes slightly negative as Ep decreases. However, because convergence and precipitation increase strongly with decreasing (drying) moisture advection, while soil moisture slowly saturates, is large. Variation of key parameters is shown to impact the magnitude of , for example, increasing the time scale for deep convective adjustment lowers at a given W, especially on the moist side of the profile where convergence dominates. While the prototype’s applicability for direct quantitative comparison with either observations or models is clearly limited, it nonetheless demonstrates how the complex interplay of surface turbulent and column radiative fluxes, deep convection, and horizontal and vertical moisture transport influences the coupling of the land surface and atmosphere that may be expected to occur in either more realistic models or observations.

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Latif, Melda, Mumuh Muharam, Yonggi Puriza, and Gusriwandi Gusriwandi. "Simple HAWT Prototype Efficiency at Small Scale Wind Speed." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/v12i3.91.

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48

Latif, Melda, Mumuh Muharam, Yonggi Puriza, and Gusriwandi Gusriwandi. "Simple HAWT Prototype Efficiency at Small Scale Wind Speed." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v12i3.91.

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49

Zulkarnain, Muhammad Fikri, Muhammad Fazlur Rahman, Muhammad Luthfi Imam Nurhakim, Ony Arifianto, and Taufiq Mulyanto. "Flight Test of GL-1 Glider Half Scale Prototype." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1005 (April 2018): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1005/1/012031.

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50

Barla, M., A. Di Donna, and A. Insana. "A novel real-scale experimental prototype of energy tunnel." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 87 (May 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.01.024.

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